Stable Biocidal Compositions

Abstract

Disclosed is a composition and method of use of a stable biocide combination of glutaraldehyde and tris(hydroxymethyl) nitromethane by the addition of certain buffers and solvents.

Description

The present invention relates to a stable formulation of glutaraldehyde and tris(hydroxymethyl) nitromethane and a method for using the same.

Glutaraldehyde and tris(hydroxymethyl) nitromethane have been used in combination in various applications of the art. U.S. Pat. No. 8,889,679 (B2) is one such example where a synergistic combination of glutaraldehyde and tris(hydroxymethyl) nitromethane is disclosed. Although these two actives exist together in combination, it is very difficult to maintain their stability and prevent degradation of either of the actives in formulation. Thus new, stable formulations of glutaraldehyde and tris(hydroxymethyl) nitromethane are needed.

The present invention is directed to a stable biocidal composition comprising glutaraldehyde and tris(hydroxymethyl) nitromethane, a buffer, and a solvent; wherein the buffer is an acid, salt, or combination thereof and wherein the pH of the buffer is 1-5; and further wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, isopropanol, triethylene glycol, diproplyene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether and mixtures thereof.

The present invention is further directed to a method of using the same stable biocidal composition in an application selected from the group consisting of oil production, water treatment and purification processes and systems, paper and pulp production, ballast water disinfection, other industrial processes, cooling and heating processes, latex, paint and coatings.

As used in this specification, the term “biocide” or “biocidal composition” refers both to one or more compounds capable of inhibiting microbial growth (a preservative), and one or more compounds capable of reducing microbial concentration (a disinfecting agent), within a given system. The term “antimicrobial activity” refers to the activity of the antimicrobial agents to eliminate, inhibit or prevent the growth of microorganisms. The terms “microbial organism,” “microbe” and “microorganism” are used interchangeably and refer to microorganisms such as, but not limited to: fungi, bacteria, and algae. Microbes of particular interest are bacteria. The term “locus” or “loci” refers to an industrial system or product subject to contamination by microorganisms. The term “stable” means less than 10 wt % loss of biocidal active when stored under conditions of 55° C. for 4 weeks or 40° C. for 12 weeks. The following abbreviations are used throughout this specification: AI=active ingredient, L=liter; mL=milliliter; μL=microliter; g=grams; mol=moles; mmol=millimoles; wt %=percent by weight; mp=melting point; GA=glutaraldehyde; THNM=tris(hydroxymethyl) nitromethane. Ranges specified are to be read as inclusive, unless specifically identified otherwise.

The composition of the present invention is a stable mixture of glutaraldehyde, THNM, buffer and solvent. Conventional methods of mixing the components may be employed. The composition may be formed from simultaneously or sequentially adding one or more of the components together to form the mixture.

Glutaraldehyde is commonly available as a concentrated (e.g., 25 wt %, 50 wt %) solution in water. Members of the UCARCIDE™ family of glutaraldehyde antimicrobials, available from The Dow Chemical Company, are suitable for use in the present invention.

Glutaraldehyde is also available neat as a colorless, slightly oily liquid.

The buffers useful to stabilize the biocidal compositions of the present invention are acid, salt, or ester compositions or combinations thereof. Suitably the buffer is the acid, ester or salt forms of formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, phthalic acid, benzoic acid, boric acid, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, glutaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the buffer is the acid, ester, or salt forms of formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid or mixtures thereof. Metal salts useful in the buffers of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, aluminum, tin, calcium, and any combination thereof. It is preferred that the buffer composition pH is 0-5, pH 1-5, and most preferred is a pH of 2.8-5. The pH of the final biocidal composition should be less than 6.

The solvents used in the compositions of the present invention are methanol, isopropanol, triethylene glycol, diproplyene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether and combinations or mixtures thereof.

The stable formulations of the present invention can be adapted for use in many applications. For example, the methods and formulations of the present invention can be used in many phases of oil production, both topside and downhole, such as in aeration towers, storage tanks, injection water, production water, pigging operations, drilling muds, completion or workover fluids, stimulation fluids, fracturing fluids and hydrotest fluids. The methods and formulations can be used in water treatment and purification processes and systems, for example to treat membranes and other system components that are susceptible to fouling. The methods and formulations can also be used in paper and pulp production, ballast water disinfection and in other industrial processes. The methods and formulations can help prevent microbial contamination of water-based fluids and systems used in cooling and heating processes. The methods and formulations can also be used to prevent microbial contamination of latex, paint and coatings. Of course, the methods and formulations of the present invention can also be used in other processes and apparatus not mentioned specifically herein.

The following examples are presented to illustrate further various aspects of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any respect.

EXAMPLES

TABLE 1
Raw Materials
Category	Ingredients	Supplier
Active	GA	Dow Chemical Company
	THNM	Dow Chemical Company
Acid	Formic acid	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
Buffer	Citric acid	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
	Acetic acid	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
	Oxalic acid	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
	Tartaric acid	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
Salt	Sodium acetate	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
Buffer	Sodium formate	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
	Sodium oxalate	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
	Sodium citrate	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
	Disodium phosphate	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
Solvents
Alcohol	Methanol	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
based	Isopropanol (IPA)	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
Glycol	Triethylene glycol	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
based	(TEG)
Glycol	Dipropylene Glycol	Dow Chemical Company
ether	Methyl Ether (DPM)
based	Dipropylene Glycol n-	Dow Chemical Company
	Propyl Ether (DPnP)
	Dipropylene Glycol	Dow Chemical Company
	Dimethyl Ether (DMM)
	Diethylene Glycol	Dow Chemical Company
	Methyl Ether (DGM)

II. Test Methods

a) Formulation Preparation

100 g of formulations containing GA, THNM, various buffers or solvents or combination of both was prepared at room temperature and shaken for approximately 10 min. The formulations were divided into five 20 mL capped high density polyethylene plastic bottles for various storage conditions. One jar was stored at room temperature and the rest were stored under accelerated heat aging for certain period of times. In all the formulations, the ratios refer to the weight ratios of GA to THNM. The total active ingredients (Al) refers to total weight percentages of both GA and THNM. The data of the formulations were expressed as weight percentages of the components and the heat aging data were reported based on weight loss percentages of the actives.

b) Heat Aging Test

Heat aging test was conducted under 55° C. or 40° C. in a Jar Mill oven (Lindberg/Blue M, Thermal Electron Corporation) for four to twelve weeks. GA/THNM percentage in the formulations before and after heat aging were measured and compared to the initial content of the actives.

c) Measurement of GA/THNM

GA content in the formulations was measured by Reverse Phase HPLC (Agilent 1200 HPLC) and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) based pre-column derivatization method. For a sample preparation, GA samples were prepared using 0.5N Hydrocloric acid (HCl). GA was then derivatized with 2,4-DNPH solution which was prepared by dissolving 0.5 g DNPH in 50 mL acetonitrile (ACN) and acidify with 1.5 mL of 85% H₃PO₄. The derivatization was carried out for 24 hours. For HPLC analysis, two mobile phases were prepared. Mobile phase A composed of deionize water with 0.1% Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and B made of ACN with 0.1% TFA. The first 2.5 minutes the mobile phase was ran at 50/50 mixture and onward with 100% B. The column oven temperature is set at 30° C. The flowrate used is 1 ml/min. UV absorbance was set at 360 nm. THNM was measured with reverse phase HPLC with UV detection at 240 nm. Five micron C-18 column was used for the analysis THNM sample was prepared with 0.5N HCl. The mobile phase composed of 95% water/5% Methanol. The flowrate used is 1 ml/min. The analysis was run at ambient temperature.

III. Experimental Examples

Example I: Stability of the Blends in the Presence of Buffers

The buffers evaluated in the current invention included: formic acid-sodium formate citric acid-sodium citrate, citric acid-sodium phosphate, buffer oxalic/sodium oxalate, tartaric acid, acetic acid-sodium acetate.

The following six different buffer systems were evaluated in 1GA:2THNM ratio at the total active ratio of 45%. The results of GA and THNM loss after heat aging at 55° C. for 4 weeks are summarized in Table 2 below.

TABLE 2
		Degradation %,	Degradation
pH	Buffer	Glut	%, THNM
2.5	No Buffer	54.6	42.8
3.2	Formic Acid/Sodium Formate	35.8	20.6
3.6	Formic Acid/Sodium Formate	29.3	14.2
4	Formic Acid/Sodium Formate	33.5	14.1
3.8	Citric Acid/Sodium Citrate	20.6	65.4
4	Citric Acid/Sodium Citrate	21.3	65.9
4.1	Citric Acid/Sodium Citrate	23.1	66.6
3.4	Citric Acid/Disodium	38.5	28.1
	Phosphate
3.9	Citric Acid/Disodium	32.9	22.4
	Phosphate
3.3	Oxalic Acid/Sodium Oxalate	37.3	24.7
3.6	Tartaric Acid	34.3	21.2
3.8	Tartaric Acid	32.4	18.8
2.9	Acetic Acid/Sodium Acetate	38.2	25.2
3.3	Acetic Acid/Sodium Acetate	27.2	16.7
3.9	Acetic Acid/Sodium Acetate	27.5	12.9

With the exception of citrate buffer, all other buffers at pH range of 2.8 to 4.1 improve the stability of both GA and THNM. The level of improvement varies according to the type of buffer used. Acetate buffer, showed the best improvement at pH>3.3 followed by formate buffer at pH>3.6. Acetate buffer, is preferred for the safe handling reason in the plant environment. For this reason, further development was concentrated on the acetate buffer system.

Table 3 shows that acetate buffer continue to give good stability improvement in formulation containing GA:THNM at the ratio of 1:2 to 2:1.

TABLE 3
	At	At
	40° C./4 weeks	40° C./12 weeks
					%		%
Ratio	Total			% GA	THNM	% GA	THNM
GA:THNM	AI %	Buffer	pH	loss	loss	loss	loss
1:2	45	Acetic/	3.5	8.1	3.3	17.4	8.8
1:2	45	sodium	3.7	7.4	2.3	14.7	7.9
1:2	45	acetate	3.9	7.5	1.4	15.1	8.0
1:1	45		3.9	3.4	4.4	9.9	8.7
2:1	45		3.9	4.6	5.3	11.4	10.9

Acetate buffer alone improved the stability of the GA:THNM blend. However, the improvement did not reached the degradation target of 10% or less. Further stability improvement was still needed. The next few examples showed that specific solvents can further improve the stability of GA/THNM blend.

Example 2: Stability of the GA:THNM Blends in the Presence of Buffer and Solvents

The examples reported below are the list of solvents that provided stability improvement of GA:THNM with degradation of each active at maximum 10%. Many other solvents evaluated that failed to provide stability with degradation of each active at maximum 10% are:

• • Glycol: Methoxypolyetheylene glycol at molecular weight of 200 to 1000 (200, 250, 500, 550 and 1000, GA degradation at 40° C. only at 4 weeks already reached about 6%. It is expected that at 12 weeks the degradation will be over 10%); Similar GA and THNM degradation was observed in Polyethyleneglycol at molecular weight 200-600 (200, 300, 400 and 600, Tripropylene glycol (THNM degradation at 40° C. only at 4 weeks already reached about 7%. It is expected that at 12 weeks the degradation will be over 10%), Neopentyl glycol (GA degradation at 40° C./12 weeks was 19% for GA and 11% for THNM); and alcohol:tert butyl alcohol (GA degradation at 40° C./12 weeks was 18% for GA and 11% for THNM).

TABLE 4
	At 40° C./12 weeks
Ratio	Total	Acetate				% THNM
GA:THNM	AI %	buffer	Solvent	pH	% GA loss	loss
1:2	45	yes		3.9	15.1	8.0
1:2	45	yes	6%	4	9.9	8.1
			MeOH

The addition of 6% MeOH was just enough to improve the product stability to meet the below 10% degradation target.

TABLE 5
	At 40° C./12 weeks
Ratio	Total	Acetate				% THNM
GA:THNM	AI %	buffer	Solvent	pH	% GA loss	loss
1:1	38	yes		3.9	13.8	9.0
1:1	38	yes	20%	4.1	6.2	3.8
			IPA
1:1	38	yes	20%	4	4.3	3.5
			MeOH

The higher concentration of alcohol solvents such as IPA and MeOH at 20% provided increased stability. With the additional of 20% MeOH, the degradation of each active was suppressed to less than 5%.

TABLE 6
	At 40° C./12 weeks
Ratio	Total	Acetate				% THNM
GA:THNM	AI %	buffer	Solvent	pH	% GA loss	loss
1:2	30	yes		3.9	12.2	9.1
1:2	30	yes	20%	3.8	3.9	2.9
			MeOH
1:2	30	yes	36%	3.9	4.0	0.5
			DMM
1:2	30	yes	36%	3.9	4.6	1.6
			DPM
1:2	30	yes	36%	3.9	4.8	2.0
			DGM
1:2	30	yes	36%	3.9	7.0	3.8
			DPnP
1:2	30	yes	36%	3.9	5.3	2.1
			TEG

Table 6 shows that with the exception of DPnP which suppressed the degradation of actives to <10%, many other glycol ether solvents further improve the stability of GA:THNM blends to the level of less than 5% degradation, similar to the addition of 20% MeOH.

TABLE 7
Ratio	Total	acetate		At 40° C./12 weeks
GA:THNM	AI %	buffer	Solvent 1	Solvent 2	pH	% GA loss	% THNM loss
1:2	30	yes	no	no	3.9	12.2	9.1
1:2	30	yes	10%	10% MeOH	3.7	3.7	1.8
			DPM
1:2	30	yes	10%	10%	3.7	5.3	2.7
			DGM	MeOH
1:2	30	yes	5%	5% MeOH	3.7	5.7	3.1
			DGM
1:2	30	yes	5%	15%	3.7	1.0	1.3
			DPM	MeOH

Table 7 shows that buffer plus blended glycol ether and alcohol (MeOH) was effective to improve the stability of GA:THNM.

TABLE 8
	Total	Acetate		% GA loss	% THNM loss
GA:THNM	%	Buffer	Solvent	4 w/40° C.	4 w/40° C.
9:1	30			5	9.3
		Y		5.3	7.1
		Y	20% MeOH	4.8	5.2
6:1	30			4.6	8
		Y		4.8	5.3
		Y	20% MeOH	3.9	3.7
3:1	30			5.5	8.1
		Y		4.8	4.5
		Y	20% MeOH	1.5	0.6
1:3	30			10.6	5.8
		Y		2.8	3.2
		Y	20% MeOH	<0.5	<0.5

Table 8 shows that the composition containing buffer and alcohol solvent improved the stability GA:THNM.

TABLE 9
	Total	Acetate		% GA loss	% THNM loss
GA:THNM	%	Buffer	Solvent	4 w/40° C.	4 w/40° C.
9:1	30			5	9.3
		Y		5.3	7.1
		Y	36% DPM	4.1	4.5
6:1	30			4.6	8
		Y		4.8	5.3
		Y	36% DPM	2.6	1.9
3:1	30			5.5	8.1
		Y		4.8	4.5
		Y	36% DPM	3	1.7
1:3	30			10.6	5.8
		Y		2.8	3.2
		Y	36% DPM	<0.5	<0.5

Table 9 shows that the composition containing buffer and glycol ether solvent improved the stability GA:THNM.

TABLE 10
			Freezing
	Acetate		Temperature
	buffer		(min 1 week
Formulations	pH	Solvent	storage)
10% GA: 20%	3.9	36% TEG	<−20° C., (no
THNM			freeze after 8
			weeks)
10% GA: 20%	3.9	36% DGM	<−20° C., (no
THNM			freeze after 8
			weeks)
10% GA: 20%	3.7	10% DGM +	<−20° C., (No
THNM		10% MeOH	freeze after 8
			weeks)
10% GA: 20%	3.8	15% MeOH +	~−30° C.
THNM		5% DPM
10% GA: 20%	3.8	20% MeOH	~−25° C.
THNM
10% GA: 20%	3.8	36% DPM	<−35° C.
THNM
10% GA: 20%	3.9		>−20° C. (freeze
THNM			w/i 1 week)

Table 10 shows the addition of solvent in the blends significantly reduced freezing points of the blends.

Claims

1. A stable biocidal composition comprising glutaraldehyde and tris (hydroxymethyl) nitromethane, a buffer, and a solvent; wherein the buffer is an acid, salt, ester or combination thereof and wherein the pH of the buffer is 1-5; and further wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, isopropanol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, and mixtures thereof.

2. The stable biocidal composition of claim 1, wherein the buffer is an acid, salt or combination thereof.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the buffer comprises an acid, ester or salt form of formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, phthalic acid, benzoic acid, boric acid, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, glutaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, hydrochloric acid, or sulfuric acid, or mixtures thereof.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the buffer comprises an acid, ester or salt form of formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, or phosphoric acid, or mixtures thereof.

5. The composition of claim 3, wherein the buffer is in an acid form, salt form or combination thereof.

6. The composition of claim 3, wherein the buffer is in salt form.

7. The composition of claim 4, wherein the buffer is in acid form, salt form or combination thereof.

8. The composition of claim 4, wherein the buffer is in salt form.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the buffer is selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, sodium acetate, sodium formate, sodium oxalate, disodium phosphate and mixtures thereof.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the pH of the buffer is 2.8-5.

11. A method of inhibiting microbial growth or reducing microbial concentration, comprising adding the stable biocidal composition of claim 1 in an application selected from the group consisting of oil production, water treatment and purification processes and systems, paper and pulp production, ballast water disinfection, other industrial processes, cooling and heating processes, latex, paint and coatings.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the buffer is an acid, salt or combination thereof.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the buffer comprises an acid, ester or salt form of formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, phthalic acid, benzoic acid, boric acid, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, glutaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, hydrochloric acid, or sulfuric acid, or mixtures thereof.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the buffer comprises an acid, ester or salt form of formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, or phosphoric acid, or mixtures thereof.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the buffer is in an acid form, salt form or combination thereof.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the buffer is in salt form.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the buffer is in acid form, salt form or combination thereof.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein the buffer is in salt form.

19. The method of claim 11, wherein the buffer is selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, sodium acetate, sodium formate, sodium oxalate, disodium phosphate and mixtures thereof.

20. The method of claim 11, wherein the pH of the buffer is 2.8-5.