Patent Application
20230180749
The present technology relates to antimicrobial compositions, particularly those suitable for disinfecting surfaces, and acting as food or preservative agents.
Microbes live in every part of the biosphere including air, water, and soil. Pathogenic microbes can cause infection and other complications in public, hospital, institutional, business and home settings. Although not all microbes are pathogenic, many microbes produce by-products that are aesthetically displeasing, such as foul odors and discoloration. Further, personal care products including wound care products, lotions and cosmetics can deteriorate if exposed to microbes. Antimicrobial compositions that can be used for a variety of applications, including sanitizing of surfaces and preservation of food and cosmetics, are always desirable.
An ongoing need exists for antimicrobial surface sanitizing and preservative compositions that are fast acting and effective, that can adequately clean surfaces and prolong the shelf life of foods and usefulness of consumer products, that contain natural, non-irritating ingredients, and that exhibit prolonged stability.
In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to a botanical antimicrobial composition comprising:
In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to a botanical antimicrobial composition comprising:
In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to a composition that further comprises one or more of the following:
In certain embodiments, a composition herein can further comprise one or more of the following:
In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to a preservative composition comprising:
In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to surface disinfecting or sanitizing compositions, food, or personal care preservative compositions comprising the antimicrobial compositions herein.
In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to methods of sanitizing or disinfecting a surface, or methods of preserving food or personal care compositions, comprising contacting a composition herein with the surface, food or personal care composition.
All ingredient and formulation percentages expressed herein are by weight (w/w) unless explicitly noted in specific formulations. All ingredients are at 100% purity/concentration unless otherwise noted.
As used herein, “sanitizing” or “sanitizer” are used interchangeably and refer to the preservation of health by removing, preventing, neutralizing, or controlling any agent that injures the health, such as a microbe.
As used herein, “disinfecting” or “disinfectant” are used interchangeably and refer to the destruction or inhibition of growth or effect of any biological agent or contaminant, such as a microbe. Generally, disinfectants are used primarily for surfaces.
As used herein, “antimicrobial” or “antimicrobial agent” means an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. These include, but are not limited to, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, antiviral agents, microbiocidal agents, antibiotics, bactericidal agents, bacteriostatic agents, disinfectants, sanitizers, and antiseptics. Generally, antiseptics are used primarily for living tissue and skin.
In certain embodiments, the compositions herein are stable. As used herein, “stable” means exhibiting efficacy after more than 1 year. As used herein, “exhibiting efficacy” means showing more than 4.0 log10 reduction in bacterial growth from that of control in the EN1276 test when challenged with 5 × 108 CFU of bacteria, within 5 minutes of contact. In certain embodiments, the 1 year period is achieved through simulating such conditions with the accelerated aging method. The accelerated aging method can be conducted by keeping the solutions at 45° C. for 8 weeks, which is equivalent to stability of 1 year under regular, room temperature conditions.
In certain embodiments, a composition herein can include an antimicrobial composition having long term stability and completely or substantially all natural ingredients, including botanical ingredients. For example, a composition herein can be a completely or substantially completely natural surface disinfectant, antimicrobial, food, or preservative composition.
In certain embodiments, a composition herein comprises an antibacterial agent, wherein the antibacterial agent is undecylenic acid, thymol or a combination thereof.
In certain embodiments, a composition herein comprises 0.01 to 5% undecylenic acid, or 0.01 to 2% undecylenic acid, 0.02 to 5% thymol, or any combination thereof.
In certain embodiments, a composition herein further comprises any of the following:
In certain embodiments, the compositions herein are useful as surface disinfectants. As used herein, “surface” refers to any part of any item that may come into contact with users and that can be desired to be cleaned or sanitized. In certain embodiments, the compositions herein are useful as preservatives for food or consumer products such as personal care products.
As used herein, “food” refers to any substance that is ingested for nutrition or growth.
As used herein, “personal care product” or “personal care composition” refers to a consumer product that consumers use for personal hygiene or beautification. These include, for example, cosmetics, lotions, hair care products, and personal cleansing or grooming products for any part of the body. In certain embodiments herein, a personal care product can comprise a ratio of an antimicrobial composition herein in a personal care product carrier.
As used herein, a “personal care product carrier” means any substance suitable for applying to the body of a user (e.g., the skin or hair) for the benefit of the user, and that includes a personal care product or personal care composition. Examples of suitable personal care product carriers include, e.g., a cream, a gel, a salve, a paste, a spray, a foam, a liquid, a suspension, a powder, or a solid. In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to a composition (for example, a preservative composition) comprising 1 to 2% of any composition described herein, in a personal care product carrier - that is, for example, 1 to 2 grams of the antimicrobial composition mixed in with 100 grams of the personal care product carrier.
In certain embodiments, the products herein can significantly reduce bacteria counts in as little as five minutes of contact with bacteria. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the compositions herein are at least partly or entirely biodegradable, thus making it useful for consumer use in a variety of applications, including personal care products (for example, cosmetics, hand sanitizers, cleansers, lotions), food, and surface disinfectants.
In certain embodiments, the products herein can significantly reduce bacteria counts in as little as five minutes of contact with bacteria before, during or after a detergent wash. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the compositions herein are at least partly or entirely biodegradable.
As used herein, “essentially free of” an ingredient means containing less than 5% of such ingredient. As used herein, “completely free of” an ingredient means containing none of that ingredient. In various embodiments, the compositions herein contain less than 5%, less than 2%, or less than 1% or 0% of non-plant derived sanitizing agents, including those commonly used sanitizing agents mentioned herein.
In certain embodiments, the compositions herein are essentially free of, or completely free of, any synthetic sanitizing agents. As used herein, “synthetic sanitizing agent,” “synthetic sanitizer,” “synthetic antimicrobial” or “synthetic antibacterial” all mean a sanitizing, antimicrobial or antibacterial agent derived from non-natural ingredients, including petroleum products. In certain embodiments, such non-botanical or synthetic sanitizing or antimicrobial agents can include any of the following ingredients: quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), phenolics (Triclosan®, Parachlorometaxylenol (PCMX)), harsh chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite (bleach), sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and compounds containing ammonia, chlorine, or perchloroethylene, all of which are well-known irritants.
In certain embodiments, the compositions herein, even when subject to high dilution (for example, up to and including 60-fold dilution), still achieve antimicrobial efficacy and keep bacteria counts low during EN1276 method (the European Standard for evaluation of for evaluation of bactericidal efficacy of disinfecting liquids) and EN 13697 (Quantitative non-porous surface test for the evaluation of bactericidal and/or fungal activity of chemical disinfectants used in food, industrial, domestic and institutional areas) testing in both clean and dirty conditions. For example, in certain embodiments, a composition herein can achieve at least 3.0 log10 reduction, or at least 5.0 log10 reduction, in bacterial growth from that of control when challenged with 1 × 107 to 5 × 108 CFU of bacteria during, or within (up to) 5 minutes of contact.
Another aspect of certain embodiments of the present technology is the addition of one or more solvents, including but not limited to: ethanol, benzyl alcohol (commonly found in fruits and teas and also found in a variety of essential oils, including jasmine and hyacinth), phenoxyethanol (derived from grapefruit), or 1,3-propanediol (for example, that derived from corn sugar and available under the trade name Zemea® from Dupont and Lyle Bioproducts, Loudon, TN, USA). In certain embodiments, the one or more solvents are included in amounts of 30 to 60% of the compositions herein, and can serve to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy. In certain embodiments, the compositions herein can achieve a maximum of 5.6 log10 reduction in bacterial growth from that of control when challenged with 1 × 107 to 5 × 108 CFU of bacteria during, or within (up to) 5 minutes of contact.
In certain embodiments, the surface disinfectant or sanitizing compositions, preservative compositions, personal care compositions, or food compositions herein are completely or substantially completely natural - that is, they are completely or substantially derived from naturally-occurring sources, rather than synthetic sources. In certain embodiments, the technology herein is directed to compositions that include sanitizers that are botanical. As used herein, “botanical” means obtained from a plant. Thus, in certain embodiments, the compositions herein mainly contain ingredients sourced from plants; and when referring herein to “botanical antimicrobial compositions” it is meant that such compositions contain one or more botanical ingredients.
As used herein, “essentially botanical” means at least 95% from botanical sources. In certain embodiments, the compositions herein include sanitizing agents that are essentially botanical. In certain embodiments, the compositions herein are essentially free of, or completely free of, non-botanical sanitizing agents. As used herein, “non-botanical” means not derived from plants.
As used herein, “essential oil” (EO) is a volatile oil obtained from a plant or an animal source that comprises one or more active agent (also referred to herein as an Isolated Component or “IC” or “constituent” or “ingredient”) which may be, for example but not by way of limitation, a monoterpene or sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, alcohol, ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, or oxide. Essential oils are commonly extracted by distillation, expression, extraction, resin tapping, wax embedding or cold pressing. Isolated components generally fall into the following categories: acids, alcohols (e.g., monoterpenols or sesquiterpenols), aldehydes, coumarins, esters, ketones, lactones, terpenes (e.g., monoterpenes or sesquiterpenes), oxides, or phenols.
As used herein, “botanical extract” means a composition from a plant source (a botanical) that is prepared by soaking the botanical in a solvent (such as water or alcohol). A botanical extract refers to the resultant liquid, which contains the essential oil with the solvent. As used herein, “extract” generally means any composition prepared in this manner, whether or not it is from a botanical source.
For example, “thyme oil” refers to essential oil produced through methods such as steam distillation of the leaves and flowers of the thyme plant. Thyme oil contains organic compounds such as p-cymene, myrcene, borneol, carvacrol, linalool and thymol. Thyme oil generally contains 20 to 54% thymol. When “thymol/thyme oil” is mentioned here, this refers generally to any materials derived from the thyme plant, and can mean either thymol, thyme oil or a combination of both.
In various embodiments, antimicrobial compositions herein comprise undecylenic acid. Undecylenic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid typically used as an antifungal on the skin. Although the antimicrobial activity of undecylenic acid was previously known to be “restricted to the inhibition of moulds including pathogenic fungi” (W. Paulus, Microbicides for the Protection of Materials: A Handbook, p. 209), the present embodiments are directed to the surprising finding that undecylenic acid and organic acid demonstrate synergistic efficacy in killing bacteria. In various embodiments, an antimicrobial composition herein comprises 0.01 to 5%, or 0.01 to 2%, or 0.1 to 0.5%, or 0.3 to 6%, or 10 to 50% undecylenic acid.
In certain embodiments, the compositions herein exhibit prolonged stability by employing specific solvent mixtures in the formulations. In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to disinfecting or preservative compositions comprising undecylenic acid, organic acid and or a salt thereof, ethanol; and in certain embodiments can further comprise any of the following: alkanediol (e.g., 1,3-propanediol and octanediol), propylene glycol, or sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Certain useful and desirable properties of the compositions herein can be illustrated in the following Examples.
Surface disinfectant compositions were prepared, comprising the following ingredients:
The following surface disinfectant formulations were prepared and tested for their antibacterial efficacy by EN 1276 and EN 13697 method against S. aureus. The efficacy is expressed as log reduction from the control group. Both composition and efficacy (log reduction) of surface disinfectants are given below.
Study A. Direct Use Surface Disinfectant Formulations (Spray or Wipes)
The following formulations are in the concentrate form and should be diluted with water appropriately before use (dilute about 10 to 60 fold).
Study 3: Optimized Direct Use Surface Disinfectant Formulations (Spray or Wipes)
Formulations and antibacterial efficacy (Log reduction) by EN 1276 method against S. aureus.
Method: Stainless steel disks of diameter 2.0 cm were sterilized using alcohol and allowed to dry completely. Equal parts of 3×108 CFU/mL of test pathogen and 3 g/L bovine serum albumin were mixed prior to inoculation. 50 µL of pathogen-bovine mixture was plated on the sterile disk and incubated for 30 minutes. Once all the liquid has evaporated, 100 µL of test surface disinfectant solution and PBS for control was spread on the plate and allowed contact for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, the disk was carefully transferred onto D/E neutralizing media. The groups were then diluted as appropriate and plated. Lysol® surface disinfectant was tested for comparison. Two (2) surface disinfectants CRB-BSD-F1 and CRB-BSD- E4 were tested, and results showed that the log reduction for these were 3.5, while that for Lysol® is 2.5 from control growth EPA 13 697.
Method: In vitro rapid-kill test was carried out according to ASTM E2783-11; 108 CFU mL-1 microbial cultures were prepared in a TSA media in order to determine the antimicrobial activity of surface disinfectants. 0.9 mL surface disinfectants were kept in contact with 0.1 mL various microbial cultures for 15 seconds and subsequently neutralized using agent DE. PBS was used as a control. The neutralized cultures were appropriately diluted and plated on agar plates. Colony count was determined after overnight incubation at 37° C.
Table 51A: Results for in vitro rapid kill study using the ASTM E2783-11 method
S. aureus
E. Coli
P. eruginosa
M. smegmatis
S. typhimurium
The following surface disinfectants were prepared and tested for antibacterial efficacy by ASTM E2197 Method after 1 to 10 dilution, using S. aureus as the test organism.
The ASTM E2197 method is designed to test bactericidal, fungicidal, sporicidal, and virucidal capabilities of liquid germicides on non-porous hard surfaces using a 1 cm diameter brushed stainless steel surface.
Groups tested are shown as follows:
All of the formulations showed more than 5 log reduction of growth from control growth against S. aureus.
Preservative compositions were prepared, comprising the following ingredients:
At typical use levels of 1% for preservation of cosmetics and other commercial products, the concentration of these compositions becomes:
In other embodiments, the compositions comprised one or more of the following:
Exemplary formulations were prepared as follows:
Ingredient ranges are shown in Tables 61 through 63 below:
Optimized formulation is shown below.
In certain embodiments, thymol is added as odor masking agent. Other odor masking agents Such as Myrrh oil, orange oil, bergamot oil, cedarwood oil, cinnamon bark oil or essential oil based fragrances can be used from 0.1 to 0.5%.
1 to 1.7% of a composition herein is added to 25 g of personal care product, such as hydrophilic cream, lotion, or shampoo. 25 mL portions of the resulting compositions are then inoculated with 0.1 mL microorganism suspension (initial microorganism count of approximately 108 cfu/mL) and then stirred. The following important organisms were tested:
C. albicans
A. niger
E. Coli
S. aureus
Example 3: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
S. aureus (6538)
E. coli (35218)
P. aeruginosa (9027)
A. niger (16404)
C. albicans (10231)
Example 4: Efficacy test of the Botanical Preservative in a Lotion - CTFA Challenge Test
Table 69. Group A efficacy of the botanical preservative (PBU)
S. aureus ATCC 6538
P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442
C. albicans ATCC 10231
A. niger ATCC 16404
E. coil ATCC 35218
Table 70. Group B efficacy of the botanical preservative in lotion that had been incubated for 3 months before testing.
S. aureus ATCC 6538
P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442
C. albicans ATCC 10231
A. niger ATCC 16404
E. coli ATCC 35218
Table 71. Group C stability and efficacy of the botanical preservative after 2 weeks of accelerated aging then added to the lotion.
S. aureus ATCC 6538
P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442
C, albicans ATCC 10231
A. niger ATCC 16404
E. coli ATCC 35218
Table 72: Stable Preservative Formulations and Efficacy
Preservative formulations were incorporated into a cosmetic cream base at concentration of 1%. Pathogens were added to the cream on Day 0 and subcultured periodically. The following cultures were added into 25 mL of preservative containing cream.
For all of the above formulations, more than 5.0 log reduction against all the bacteria tested was obtained for the study duration of 30 days.
The Botanical Preservative passed all the CTFA preservative tests. It is odorless and colorless and can be used in personal care products ranging from pH 3-8.
Although the present invention has been described in relation to embodiments thereof, these embodiments and examples are merely exemplary and not intended to be limiting. Many other variations and modifications and other uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention should, therefore, not be limited by the specific disclosure herein, and can be embodied in other forms not explicitly described here, without departing from the spirit thereof.
This application is a Continuation of International Application Number PCT/US21/40271, filed on Jul. 2, 2021, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/047,493, filed on Jul. 2, 2020, the disclosure of each is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63047493 | Jul 2020 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/US2021/040271 | Jul 2021 | WO |
| Child | 18092899 | US |
