Various embodiments concern artificial eyelashes and, more specifically, artificial eyelash extensions that can be applied to the underside of an individual's natural eyelashes.
False eyelash extensions have conventionally been used to enhance the length, thickness, and fullness of natural eyelashes. False eyelash extensions, however, must be applied to an individual's natural eyelashes one by one to avoid having the eyelash extensions stick together. Consequently, false lash extension services can cost hundreds of dollars depending on the type and number of lashes used, the skill of the cosmetician, and the venue where the false eyelash extensions are applied. It usually takes an experienced cosmetician one to two hours to attach a full set of false eyelash extensions.
Alternatively, false eyelashes may be applied directly to an individual's eyelid. False eyelashes come in strips (and thus may also be referred to as “strip lashes”) that can be trimmed to fit the width of the individual's eyelid. While a strip of false eyelashes can be applied in a single motion, false eyelashes are easily distinguishable from the individual's natural eyelashes and may be uncomfortable when worn for extended periods of time.
Some of the embodiments described include an artificial lash extension system comprising a first plurality of lash extensions designed for an application at an underside of a natural lash, each of the first plurality of lash extensions comprising: a first plurality of artificial hairs, and a first base from which the first artificial hairs protrude, wherein the first base comprises a top side designed to attach to the underside of the natural lash; and a second plurality of lash extensions designed for an application under the first plurality of lashes, each of the second plurality of lash extensions comprising: a second plurality of artificial hairs, and a second base from which the second artificial hairs protrude, wherein the second base comprises a top side designed to attach to at least part of a bottom side of one or more of the first plurality of lash extensions.
Some of the embodiments described include an artificial lash extension system, comprising: a container; and a first plurality and a second plurality of lash extensions releasably coupled to the container, the first plurality of lash extensions designed for an application at an underside of a natural lash, each of the first plurality of lash extensions comprising: a first plurality of artificial hairs, and a first base from which the first artificial hairs protrude, wherein the first base comprises a top side designed to attach to the underside of the natural lash; and the second plurality of lash extensions designed for an application under the first plurality of lashes, each of the second plurality of lash extensions comprising: a second plurality of artificial hairs, and a second base from which the second artificial hairs protrude, wherein the second base comprises a top side designed to attach to at least part of a bottom side of one or more of the first plurality of lash extensions.
Some of the embodiments described include a method comprising applying adhesive to an underside of a natural lash; arranging a first plurality of lash extensions at the underside of the natural lash, wherein each of the first plurality of lash extensions comprise a first plurality of artificial hairs and a first base from which the first artificial hairs protrude, wherein the first base comprises a top side designed to attach to the underside of the natural lash; applying adhesive to bottom sides of the first plurality of lash extensions; and arranging a second plurality of lash extensions at the bottom sides of the first plurality of lash extensions, wherein each of the second plurality of lash extensions comprise a second plurality of artificial hairs and a second base from which the second artificial hairs protrude, wherein the second base comprises a top side designed to attach to a bottom side of one or more of the first plurality of lash extensions.
Some of the embodiments described include the artificial lash extension system wherein bottom sides of the first bases and the top sides of the second bases are substantially flat to facilitate the attachment of the second plurality of lash extensions to the first plurality of lash extensions.
Some of the embodiments described include the artificial lash extension wherein the first plurality of lash extensions comprise a first lash extension and the second plurality of lash extensions comprise a second lash extension, wherein the second lash extension is attachable to the first lash extension in an offset arrangement where a backside of the second base of the second lash extension is offset from a front side of the first base of the first lash extension.
Some of the embodiments described include the artificial lash extension wherein a second lash extension of the second plurality of lash extensions is attachable to a first lash extension of the first plurality of lash extensions in a staggered arrangement.
Some of the embodiments described include the artificial lash extension wherein a second lash extension of the second plurality of lash extensions is attachable to a first lash extension of the first plurality of lash extensions in an aligned stack arrangement.
Some of the embodiments described include the artificial lash extension wherein at least one of the first plurality of lash extensions and at least one of the second plurality of lash extensions is at least one of a different length, different style, different color, or comprise a different number of artificial hairs.
Some of the embodiments described include the artificial lash extension wherein a first plurality of artificial hairs and the second plurality of artificial hairs comprise polybutylene terephthalate.
The disclosure is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements. It should be noted that different references to “an” or “one” embodiment in this disclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and such references mean at least one.
The figures depict various embodiments for the purpose of illustration only. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that alternative embodiments may be employed without departing from the principles of the present invention. The claimed subject matter is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Embodiments described herein are related to systems and methods for arranging multiple sets (or rows) of artificial lash extension segments to the underside of upper natural lashes (also referred to as “stacked lashes” herein).
False eyelashes are applied directly to an individual's eyelid. This is because false eyelashes are too heavy, too wide and/or too bulky to adhere to the underside of a natural lash. As such, false eyelashes are unable to be stacked on one another to form a fuller false lash at the underside of the natural lash. Aspects of the disclosure address these and other challenges by providing an artificial lash extension capable of being arranged and affixed, in multiple sets, to the underside of upper natural lashes.
In some embodiments, lash extensions may be designed for application at an underside of a natural lash. Each of the lash extensions may include artificial hairs protruding from a base designed to attach to the underside of the natural lash or to another artificial lash extension. The base may include a low profile designed to allow the artificial lash extension to be lightweight so as to better adhere to the underside of the natural lash and prevent obstruction of a user's view. The base may include a top side and a bottom side that are substantially flat to improve contact and adhesion to a surface, such as the underside of a natural lash or the opposing surface of another artificial lash extension. The low profile of the base and the flatness of the base can at least in part be attributed to an application of heat in the formation of the base. In some embodiments, a first set of lash extensions may be affixed at an underside of a natural lash. A second set of lash extensions may be affixed under the first set of lashes (e.g. stacked lashes). In relation to the first set, the second set may be arranged in one or more different patterns, such as a staggered pattern arrangement, an aligned arrangement, a longitudinally offset arrangement, or any combination thereof. Additional sets of lash extensions may be affixed to preceding sets of lash extensions. By providing a system that enables the arranging of multiple lightweight sets of lash extension to the underside of upper natural lashes, a desired lash density or volume is achieved without tiring the user's eyelids.
The eye area 100 includes an upper lash line 104 (also referred to as “lash line 104” herein) and upper waterline 106 (also referred to as “waterline 106” herein). In some embodiments, a lash line, such as the upper lash line 104 or lower lash line of natural lashes 102B, can include the area between the natural lashes. The lash line can be curved and follow the alignment of the natural lashes 102. In some embodiments, the upper lash line 104 can include some area of the skin that is above (e.g., directly above) the natural lashes 102A. Similarly, the lower lash line can include some are of the skin that is below (e.g., directly below) the natural lashes 102B.
In some embodiments, the waterline (also referred to as “wetline”), such as upper water line 106 and lower water line corresponding to natural lashes 102B, can include an area (or line) of skin that is exposed between the natural lashes 102 and the eye.
Spatially relative terms, such as “under,” “upper” “lower,” “top,” “bottom,” and so forth as used herein refer to a relative position of one element with respect to another element. Unless otherwise specified, the spatially relative terms are not intended to be limiting to the absolute orientation, and are intended to encompass different orientations (e.g., rotated 90 degrees, inverted, flipped) of elements in addition to the orientation depicted in the Figures. For example, if elements in the Figures are inverted, elements described as “upper” elements can then be considered oriented as “lower” elements, without deviating from aspects of the disclosure.
In some embodiments, one or more of artificial lash extension 200 or artificial lash extension 300 (both also referred to as “lash extension,” “artificial eyelash extension,” “lash segment” or “artificial lash segment” herein) are designed or configured for application at the underside of a natural lash. In some embodiments, one or more of artificial lash extension 200 or artificial lash extension 300 can be part of a set of multiple artificial lash extensions. In some embodiments, one or more of artificial lash extension 200 or artificial lash extension 200 can be a segment of a “full” artificial lash extension such that when multiple artificial lash extensions are arranged adjacent to one another at the underside of a natural lash (e.g., natural lashes 102A) the arranged artificial lash extensions span the length of the natural lash. The artificial lash extension can be arranged to substantially align with the lash line of the user. Using artificial lash extensions that are independent segments can allow an individual artificial lash extension to move independently when bonded to the underside of a natural lash, which mimics the movement of the natural lash and can improve the feel, comfort, and longevity of the artificial lash extensions.
Artificial lash extension 200 and artificial lash extension 300 respectively depict artificial hairs 202A-202N (collectively referred to as “artificial hairs 202” herein) and 302A-302N (collectively referred to as “artificial hairs 303” herein). In some embodiments, the artificial hairs of an artificial lash extension, such as artificial lash extension 200 or artificial lash extension 300, can be formed from one or more synthetic materials, including but not limited to polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), acrylic resin, polyester, or other synthetic material. In alternative embodiments, a natural material such as natural hair (e.g., human hair or mink hair) can be used. In some embodiments, the artificial hairs of a particular artificial lash extension can have one or more lengths and/or one or more diameters. In some embodiments, the diameter of an artificial hair can be between approximately 0.0075 millimeters (mm) (e.g., 0.0075 mm+/−0.0025 mm) to 0.3 mm (e.g., 0.3 mm+/−0.05 mm). In some embodiments, the ends of one or more of the artificial hairs can be tapered. In some embodiments, the one or more of artificial hairs can be curled or shaped in particular direction. For example, the ends 208 of artificial hairs 202 or the ends 308 of artificial hairs 302 can be tapered or curled or both. In some embodiments, the artificial hairs can range from 3 mm to 30 mm in length or in some instances even longer.
In some embodiments, one or more of artificial lash extension 200 or artificial lash extension 300 can include a base, such as base 206 and base 306, respectively. The base can include a top side (e.g., facing out of the page and towards the reader), a bottom side, a back side, a front side, and two lateral sides. In some embodiments, one or more of the multiple artificial hairs of artificial lash extension protrude out the front side of the base. When arranged at the underside of a natural lash, the backside of the artificial lash extension can point towards the user's eye. The thickness (e.g., between the topside and bottom side of the base can be between approximately 0.05 millimeters (mm) and approximately 0.15 mm (e.g., 0.05 mm+/−0.01 mm). The low profile of the base is designed to allow the artificial lash extension to be light weight so as to better adhere to the underside of the natural lash and prevent obstruction of a user's view. The low profile of the base can at least in part be attributed to an application of heat in the formation of the base.
In some embodiments, one or more of the top side or bottom side (e.g., surface) of the base is substantially flat (e.g., having a flatness control tolerance value of +/−0.03 mm or +/−0.015 mm). In some embodiments, the flatness of the base of the artificial lash extension 200 is designed to allow improved contact and adhesion to a surface, such as the underside of a natural lash or the opposing surface of another artificial lash extension. The flatness of the base can at least in part be attributed to an application of heat in the formation of the base.
In some embodiments, the base can be formed by an application of heat at or near the area of the base to be formed. The application of heat can cause one or more of the artificial hairs (e.g. all of the artificial hairs) of an artificial lash extension to be connected to the base. In some embodiments, a heated fixture, such a heated platen, a heated crimp, heating lamp or other device can be used (e.g., pressed against the artificial hairs) to at least partially melt at least some of the artificial hairs. In some embodiments, the at least partially melted artificial hairs at least in part, or in full, form the base. In some embodiments, the at least partially melted artificial hairs melt in manner that connects the multiple artificial hairs to the base of the artificial lash extension.
In some embodiments, some additional artificial material, such as one or more artificial hairs or other material can be placed orthogonal to the artificial hairs at the area where the base is to be formed. Heat can be applied to the area of where the base is to be formed (which includes the additional artificial material). One or more of the artificial hairs or the additional artificial material can at least partially melt to at least in part, or in full, form the base. In some embodiments, the additional artificial material can include an adhesive (e.g. application of adhesive) and/or support thread. In some embodiments, the application of heat can be used to help cure the applied adhesive. In some embodiments that use an adhesive with the application of heat may or may not partially melt the artificial hairs.
In some embodiments, prior to the application of heat the artificial hairs may be tied (e.g., knotted) to a support or base thread or fiber to align the artificial hairs and prevent the horizontal spreading of the artificial hairs. Heat can be applied as described above (while the artificial hairs are knotted to a support thread) such that the support thread forms part of the base. In other instances, heat can be applied below the horizontal support thread. For instance, the support thread can hold the artificial hairs in place and the application heat can form a base below the support thread. In other embodiments, the artificial hairs are not aligned with a support thread (e.g., are not knotted on a support thread) before or during the formation of the base using the application of heat. In other embodiments, the artificial hairs can be arranged using a stencil or other arrangement device before or during the formation of the base using the application of heat. In some embodiments, one or more applications of heat can be performed to form the base. In an alternative embodiment, the base can be formed in part or in full using a chemical process.
In some embodiments, one or more of artificial lash extension 200 and artificial lash extension 300 include artificial hairs 202 and 302 that are respectively configured into clusters 204A-204G (collectively referred to as “clusters 204” herein) and 304A-304G (collectively referred to as “clusters 304” herein). In some embodiments, a cluster of hairs can refer to two or more artificial hairs that are grouped together. In some embodiments, 3-30 artificial hairs can be included in a cluster. In some embodiments, one or more individual clusters of artificial hairs can be formed using an application of heat as described above. Thus, the clusters can have a base (e.g., cluster base). The clusters can be arranged and heat can be applied, as described above, to the cluster bases to form another base (e.g., artificial lash extension base). In some embodiments, the artificial lash extension is formed without creating clusters using the application of heat. In some embodiments, at least two artificial hairs of an artificial lash extension crisscross each other. For example, two artificial hairs of a particular cluster can crisscross one another.
In some embodiments, artificial lash extensions 200 or 300 may be 4-10 mm wide, though embodiments may be 5-6 mm wide. In some embodiments, this is much wider than single clusters that are typically 1.5-2 mm wide, and thus provide greater coverage of the natural lash.
Artificial lash extension 300 further illustrates adjacent artificial hairs (or adjacent clusters 304) that are coupled or secured to one another at intersecting portions 310A-310H (collectively referred to as “intersecting portions 310” herein) of the crisscrossing artificial hairs 302. The intersecting portions 310 can be coupled or secured to one another using one or more of an application of heat, an application of adhesive, or a chemical process as described herein. In some embodiments, the intersecting portions 310 can be formed after or during the formation of the base. For example, the crisscrossing artificial hairs 302 are connected or secured together approximately 1 mm to approximately 5 mm (+/−0.5 mm) above the base 306. In some embodiments, the base 306 can be removed after the formation of the intersecting portions 310, such that the artificial lash extension 300 does not include the base 306. The secured intersecting portions 310 can hold artificial hairs 302 of the artificial lash extension 300 together in the absence of base 306. In some embodiments, base 306 in not formed. The intersecting portions 310 of the crisscrossing artificial hairs 302 can be formed without forming a base 306.
At block 410, an adhesive may be applied to the underside of the natural lashes, such as the upper natural lashes. In some embodiments, rather than the underside, the adhesive may be applied to the top or sides of the upper natural lashes. The adhesive may be one or more of a glue, a mascara, a bonding agent, an epoxy, a paste, or any other natural or synthetic substance having an adhesive quality. In some embodiments, the adhesive may be a waterproof formulation that allows artificial lash extensions to remain affixed to the individual's natural lashes for periods of time (e.g., hours, days, weeks, or months). In some embodiments, the adhesive may be a commercially-available adhesive for conventional lash extensions or a specialized composition for use with the lash extensions described herein. The adhesive may be clear or colored (e.g., milky white or black to emulate mascara).
The adhesive may be applied using a brush, a comb, or any other type of application tool. In some embodiments, the adhesive may be applied one to two millimeters above the waterline. In other embodiments, the adhesive may be applied at any location along the natural lashes or along the waterline. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to wait a predetermined period of time prior to proceeding to block 420 to allow for the adhesive to activate its adhesive quality.
At block 420, a first set of artificial lash extensions (e.g., lash extensions) may be arranged at the underside of the natural lash. In some embodiments, the top side of each base of each of the artificial lash extensions of the first set can be arranged and applied directly to the underside of the natural lashes (rather than to the eyelid). In some embodiments, the first set may be arranged to align with the curvature of the lash line. For example, multiple artificial lash extensions may be arranged adjacent to one another (e.g., not overlapping or overlapping) such that the bases align with the curvature of the lash line. Thus, the first set of artificial lash extensions may become substantially flush with the lash line when the first set is arranged proximate to the lash line. In some embodiments, one or more artificial lash extensions can be arranged at the underside of the natural lash at a time. For example, a single artificial lash extension can be arranged first, another artificial lash extension can be arranged subsequently, and so forth. In some embodiments, an applicator, as described below, can be used to arrange the first set of artificial lash extensions. The user can further re-arrange one or more of the first set of artificial lash extensions as desired.
In some embodiments, each set of artificial lash extensions may include three to eight distinct artificial lash extensions. The number of artificial lash extensions within each set may be based on the width of the artificial lash extension, the thickness of the artificial hair used, the desired style of the eyelid on which the set is intended to be affixed, the desired lash density (also referred to as “fullness” of the user's lashes), etc.
In some embodiments, the first set may include similar artificial lash extensions. For example, each artificial lash extension in the first set can be of a similar length, similar style (e.g., straight artificial hairs as depicted in
In some embodiments, rather than applying adhesive to the underside of the natural lashes (as discussed at block 410) and then arranging the first set of artificial lash extensions to the underside of the natural lash (as discussed at block 420), the adhesive may be applied to the topside of each artificial lash extension, and then the artificial lash extensions may be arranged to the underside of the natural lash.
At block 430, each of the artificial lash extensions may be affixed (e.g., attached or bonded) to the underside of the natural lash. In some embodiments, once the first set of artificial lash extensions are arranged in a desired arrangement, the artificial lash extensions can be affixed so that the artificial lash extensions are secured to and more permanently attached (e.g. for days) to a surface, such as the underside of the natural lash. In some embodiments, one or more of an application of pressure or passage of time to cure the adhesive can be used to help affix the set of artificial lash extensions. In some embodiments, an applicator may be used to affix (e.g., apply pressure) the artificial lash extensions to the natural lashes. The applicator may be any tool having opposed arms that are connected to one another at an end. The opposed arms may be gripped and used to apply a pressing force. In some embodiments, the applicator may have a curved, concave or crescent shape that is contoured to be substantially flush with the curved shape of the lash line. The applicator may be composed of any material (e.g., stainless steel, hardened steel, or titanium) to increase the durability and grasping precision of the opposed arms.
In some embodiments, the applicator may be used to grasp the multiple artificial lash extensions in the first set, and then (by applying pressure to the opposed arms) simultaneously apply pressure to the multiple artificial lash extensions along the lash line (and the natural lash) in a single motion. In other embodiments, the applicator may be used to grasp each artificial lash extension individually. For example, the user may arrange a first artificial lash extension to the underside of the natural lash, affix the artificial lash extension using the applicator, then apply a second artificial lash extension to a location adjacent to the first artificial lash extension, affix the second artificial lash extension using the applicator, and continue this process until each artificial lash extension of the first set is arranged and affixed. In some embodiments, the user may wait to affix first set of artificial lash extensions until one or more of artificial lash extensions of the second set are arranged. In some embodiments, the act of arranging and affixing can be combined into a single act.
At block 440, an adhesive may be applied to the bottom sides (e.g., underside) of the artificial lash extensions of the first set. In some embodiments, the user can apply the adhesive to the top or sides of the one or more lash fusions of the first set. Similar to block 410, the adhesive may be a glue, a mascara, a bonding agent, an epoxy, a paste, or any other natural or synthetic substance having an adhesive quality, and may be applied using a brush, a comb, or any other type of application tool. In some embodiments, the adhesive may be applied to the bottom sides of one or more of the bases of the first set, to the artificial lashes of the first set, to the natural lashes, or any combination thereof.
At block 450, a second set of artificial lash extensions is arranged at the bottom sides of the first set of artificial lash extensions. Similar to the first set, in some embodiments the second set may include multiple artificial lash extensions that are arranged to align with the curvature or shape of the lash line. In some embodiments, the second set may include one or more artificial lash extensions that are similar to the artificial lash extensions of the first set. For example, one or more artificial lash extensions of the second set can be of a similar length, similar style, similar color, similar number of artificial hairs or clusters etc. In some embodiments, the second set may include two or more different artificial lash extensions. For example, two or more artificial lash extensions in the second set can be of a different length, different style, different color, different number of artificial hairs or clusters, etc. In some embodiments, the second set may include artificial lash extensions similar to those in the first set. In some embodiments, the second set may include one or more artificial lash extensions different from those in the first set.
As discussed above, the top side and bottom side (e.g., surface) of the base may be substantially flat. The flatness allows for an improved contact and adhesion to a surface, such as the underside of a natural lash or the opposing surface of another artificial lash extension.
In some embodiments, rather than applying adhesive to the bottom side of the first set of artificial lash extensions (as discussed at block 440) and then arranging the second set of artificial lash extensions to the bottom side of the first set of artificial lash extensions (as discussed at block 450), adhesive may be applied to the top side of the base of each artificial lash extension of the second set, and then the second set may be arranged to the bottom side of the first set of artificial lash extensions.
In relation to the first set, the second set may be arranged in a brick stack arrangement, an aligned stack arrangement, a longitudinally offset arrangement (also referred to as “offset arrangement” herein), or any combination thereof. Each arrangement will be discussed in further detail with regards to
At block 460, each of the artificial lash extensions of the second set may be affixed (e.g., attached) to the bottom side of the of the artificial lash extensions of the first set. Similar to block 430, the applicator may used to affix the artificial lash extensions of the second set to the artificial lash extensions of the first set. In some embodiments, the applicator may be used to grasp the multiple artificial lash extensions in the second set, and then (by applying pressure to the opposed arms) simultaneously apply pressure to the multiple artificial lash extensions along the lash line in a single motion. In other embodiments, the applicator may be used to grasp each artificial lash extension individually. For example, the user may arrange a first artificial lash extension associated with the second set to the bottom side of one or more artificial lash extensions of the first set, affix the artificial lash extension using the applicator, then apply a second artificial lash extension associated with the second set to a location adjacent to the first artificial lash extension, affix the second artificial lash extension using the applicator, and continue this process until each artificial lash extension of the second set is arranged and affixed.
Method 400 is discussed in regards to the stacked arrangement of two sets of artificial lash extensions. In some embodiments, the acts discussed in blocks 440-460 can be repeated to add additional sets of stacked artificial lash extensions to the underside of the natural lashes. For example, due to the light weight of the artificial lash extensions, three through ten or more total sets of artificial lash extensions may be affixed to the underside of the natural lash. Therefore, the artificial lash extensions may more easily adhere to a user's natural lashes and remain secured for longer periods of time.
It should be understood that any combination of the brick stack arrangement, the aligned stack arrangement, and the longitudinally offset arrangement can be used by the disclosure. For example, the second set of artificial lash extensions can be arranged in a brick stack arrangement and a longitudinally offset arrangement in relation to the first set of artificial lash extensions.
In some embodiments, as shown in
In some embodiments, as shown in
In some embodiments, as shown in
The foregoing description of various embodiments of the claimed subject matter has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claimed subject matter to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to one skilled in the art. Embodiments were chosen and described in order to best describe the principles of the invention and its practical applications, thereby enabling those skilled in the relevant art to understand the claimed subject matter, the various embodiments, and the various modifications that are suited to the particular uses contemplated.
Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” “certain embodiments,” “one or more embodiments” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases such as “in one or more embodiments,” “in certain embodiments,” “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment of the invention. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “an element” includes a single element as well as two or more different elements. The words “example” or “exemplary” are used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as “example’ or “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, use of the words “example” or “exemplary” is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or.” That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, “X includes A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X includes A; X includes B; or X includes both A and B, then “X includes A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances.
The present application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/909,904 filed Oct. 3, 2019, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.
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