TREA

Stage 3 bucket shank bypass holes and related method

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Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 6428270
  • Patent Number
    6,428,270
  • Date Filed
    Friday, September 15, 2000
    24 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, August 6, 2002
    22 years ago
Information
Abstract
In a multi-stage turbine wherein at least one turbine wheel supports a row of buckets for rotation, and wherein the turbine wheel is located axially between first and second annular fixed arrays of nozzles, a cooling air circuit for purging a wheelspace between the turbine wheel and the second fixed annular array of nozzles comprising a flowpath through a shank portion of one or more buckets connecting a wheelspace between the turbine wheel and the first fixed annular array of nozzles with the wheelspace between the turbine wheel and the second fixed annular array of nozzles.
Description




This invention relates to cooling circuits for turbomachinery and, specifically to a cooling circuit that delivers cooling air to the stage 4 nozzle wheelspaces of a gas turbine.




BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION




Multi-stage turbines typically comprise axially spaced, rotatable wheels fixed to the turbine rotor, with buckets or blades mounted about the wheel hubs for rotation with the rotor. These wheels are axially separated on the rotor by spacer wheels that are radially aligned with fixed, annular arrays of stationary nozzles. Each row of buckets or blades forms a turbine “stage” such that, for a 4 stage turbine for example, stage


1


is closest to the turbine combustor, and stage


4


is farthest from the combustor.




Certain advanced multi-stage gas turbines are air cooled, steam cooled, or air and steam cooled. In one example, stages


1


and


2


are steam cooled; stage


3


is air cooled; and stage


4


is left uncooled. In this arrangement, it is necessary to purge the stage


4


nozzle wheelspaces, i.e., the spaces located on opposite sides of the stage


4


nozzles, in areas radially inward of the nozzle blades. These stage


4


nozzle wheelspaces are thus also known as the stage


3


aft wheelspace (SAWS) and the stage


4


forward wheelspace (4FWS).




Adequate cooling or purging of the stage


4


nozzle wheelspaces requires air from a higher pressure source to ensure adequate outflow of the purge air, thus preventing ingestion of hot combustion gases into the wheelspaces. High wheelspace temperatures can reduce the life of the turbine wheels and spacers, and thus measures need be taken to avoid ingestion of the hot combustion gases into these areas.




The specific problem to be solved is the delivery of cooling or purge air to the stage


4


nozzle wheelspaces with minimum cycle performance penalty. Typically, air is delivered through the nozzle to exit into the nozzle forward wheelspace. Some of this air flows through the interstage seal to purge the nozzle aft wheelspace. An alternate solution for this arrangement might be to bleed some of the rotor air into these wheelspaces. However, the air used by the turbine rotor is taken from a higher compressor stage than necessary to purge the wheelspaces, and this would result in a substantial performance penalty.




The stage


3


bucket, due to the complexities of advanced machine rotor steam delivery systems, is cooled using compressor mid stage extraction air delivered through the stage


3


nozzle. Due to the nature of this delivery system, the stage


3


forward wheelspace (3FWS) has excess flow. It is also at a higher pressure than the stage 3AWS due to the nature of a gas turbine flowpath. It would thus be desirable to use the additional flow and pressure available in the upstream, or stage 3FWS, to purge or cool the stage


4


nozzle wheelspaces (the 3AWS and the 4FWS).




BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION




This invention reduces the total amount of secondary flow required to purge the turbine rotor wheelspaces and cool the turbine buckets, thus improving gas turbine efficiency. This is done by using seal leakage air from the stage 3FWS and guiding it via the stage


3


bucket to cool and purge the stage 3AWS and stage 4FWS. This system has the additional benefit of allowing a simplified stage


4


nozzle and surrounding stator design, since no air need be passed through the nozzle to purge the adjacent stage


4


wheelspaces.




In the exemplary embodiment, this invention adds holes through the stage


3


bucket forward and aft coverplates (skirts) to allow a metered amount of air to flow through the bucket shank to the bucket aft wheelspace (3AWS) and thereby provide SAWS wheelspace cooling. This air then flows through the stage


4


nozzle interstage seal and purges the 4FWS. The bypass holes in the bucket shank allow for an accurate and controllable airflow from the 3FWS into the 3AWS. It will be appreciated that the number of stage


3


buckets provided with bypass holes will depend on the cooling requirements.




In its broader aspects, therefore, the present invention relates to a multi-stage turbine wherein at least one turbine wheel supports a row of buckets for rotation, and wherein the turbine wheel is located axially between first and second annular fixed arrays of nozzles, and including a cooling air circuit for purging a wheelspace between the turbine wheel and the second fixed annular array of nozzles comprising a flowpath through a shank portion of one or more buckets connecting a wheelspace between the turbine wheel and the first fixed annular array of nozzles with the wheelspace between the turbine wheel and the second fixed annular array of nozzles.




In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of purging forward and aft wheelspaces on opposite sides of an array of nozzles fixed on a diaphragm located axially between forward and aft turbine wheels mounted in a turbine rotor, wherein said fixed array of nozzles are supported in a diaphragm that is provided with first seal segments, in radial alignment with a spacer wheel between the forward and aft turbine wheels, comprising:




a) supplying air under pressure to a wheelspace forward of the forward turbine wheel;




b) bleeding part of the air under pressure through said forward turbine wheel to the forward wheelspace on one side of the fixed array of nozzles; and




c) permitting air in the forward wheelspace to pass between the diaphragm and the turbine rotor into the aft wheelspace.











BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS





FIG. 1

is a partial section through a gas turbine rotor assembly, incorporating a wheelspace cooling arrangement in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention; and





FIG. 2

is a partial perspective view of a bucket shank in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the invention.











DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION




With reference to

FIG. 1

, part of a turbine rotor assembly


10


is shown to include a stage


3


turbine wheel


12


mounting a row of buckets


14


and a stage


4


turbine wheel


16


mounting another row of buckets


18


. The turbine wheels


12


and


16


are separated by a spacer wheel


20


, and a similar spacer wheel


22


is shown forward of the stage


3


turbine wheel, separating the stage


3


wheel


12


from a stage


2


wheel (not shown).




The spacer wheels


20


and


22


are formed with seal components


24


,


26


, respectively, that cooperate with seal components


28


,


30


supported respectively, on the stage


3


and


4


diaphragms


32


,


34


. The diaphragms also support the stage


3


nozzles


36


and stage


4


nozzles


38


on opposite sides of the stage


3


buckets


14


. The stage


3


forward wheelspace (or 3FWS)


40


is located between the diaphragm


32


and the stage


3


wheel


12


with its row of buckets


14


, while the stage


3


aft wheelspace (or 3AWS)


42


is located between the stage


3


wheel


12


with its row of buckets


14


and the stage


4


diaphragm


34


. The stage


4


forward wheelspace (or 4FWS)


44


is located between the stage


4


diaphragm


34


and the stage


4


wheel


16


and its row of buckets


18


. Note that the 3AWS and the 4FWS comprise the stage


4


wheelspaces.




It is the stage


3


turbine wheel


12


and its row of buckets


14


that are of particular interest in this invention. Note that each bucket has a pair of “angel wings”


46


,


48


on forward and aft sides, respectively, of the bucket or airfoil


14


. These angel wings are located at a radially inner end of the buckets and serve to create at least a partial seal between the wheelspaces and the hot gas path between the buckets and nozzles.




As mentioned above, there is excess air flow in wheelspace


40


(or 3FWS), and that excess flow is used here to supply purge air to the wheelspace


42


and with reference also to FIG.


2


. Specifically, each bucket


14


in the stage


3


turbine wheel


12


has a shank portion


50


between the pairs of “angel wings,” just above (or radially outward of) the dovetail


52


by which the bucket is secured to the wheel. Bypass holes


54


,


56


are formed in the shank portion


50


, radially between the dovetail and the angel wings


46


,


48


of one or more of the buckets (the number of buckets to be determined by cooling requirements). Holes


54


thus allow air in wheelspace


40


to flow into the hollow chamber


58


of shank portion


50


, while holes


56


supply air from the chamber


58


to the wheelspace


42


. Accordingly, excess 3FWS air in wheelspace


40


is bled to the 3AWS


42


, (one of the stage


4


nozzle wheelspaces) in wheelspace


40


, and subsequently travels by leakage along and through the seal elements


24


,


28


to the 4FWS or stage


4


wheelspace


44


.




While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.



Claims
  • 1. In a multi-stage gas turbine wherein at least one turbine wheel supports a row of buckets for rotation, with the buckets having fore and aft wings at radially inner ends thereof, and wherein said turbine wheel is located axially between first and second annular fixed arrays of nozzles, a cooling air circuit for purging a second wheelspace between said turbine wheel and said second fixed annular array of nozzles comprising a flowpath through a shank portion of one or more buckets connecting a first wheelspace between said turbine wheel and said first fixed annular array of nozzles with said second wheelspace between said turbine wheel and said second fixed annular array of nozzles, wherein said shank portion of said one or more buckets includes a forward wall and an aft wall that define, in part, a hollow chamber in said shank portion, said flow path defined by at least one hole in said forward wall, said hollow chamber, and at least one hole in said aft wall, and further wherein said first and second wheelspaces are located radially inwardly of said fore and aft wings of said buckets.
  • 2. The multi-stage turbine of claim 1 comprising four stages, and wherein said at least one turbine wheel comprises a stage 3 turbine wheel.
  • 3. The multi-stage turbine of claim 1 wherein said flowpath comprises a pair of holes in said forward wall and a pair of holes in said aft wall.
  • 4. A multi-stage gas turbine comprising at least one turbine wheel that supports a row of buckets for rotation, with the buckets having fore and aft wings at radially inner ends thereof, and wherein said at least one turbine wheel is located axially between first and second annular fixed arrays of nozzles; and a cooling circuit comprising at least one cooling passage through a shank portion of at least one of said buckets, wherein said shank portion of said one or more buckets includes a forward wall and an aft wall that define, in part, a hollow chamber in said shank portion, said cooling circuit defined by at least one hole in said forward wall, said hollow chamber, and at least one hole in said aft wall radially inward of said fore and aft wings.
  • 5. A method of purging forward and aft wheelspaces on opposite sides of an array of nozzles fixed on a diaphragm located axially between forward and aft turbine wheels mounted on a gas turbine rotor, the fore and aft turbine wheels supporting rows of buckets, each bucket having fore and aft wings at a radially inner end thereof, wherein a shank portion of said one or more buckets includes a forward wall and an aft wall that define, in part, a hollow chamber in said shank portion, said flow path defined by at least one hole in said forward wall, said hollow chamber, and at least one hole in said aft wall, and further wherein said fixed array of nozzles are supported in the diaphragm that is provided with first seal segments, in radial alignment with a spacer wheel between said forward and aft turbine wheels, the method comprising:a) supplying air under pressure to said forward wheelspace radially inward of said fore and aft wings of said buckets; b) bleeding part of said air under pressure through said forward turbine wheel to said forward wheelspace on one side of said fixed array of nozzles; and c) permitting air in said forward wheelspace to pass between said diaphragm and said turbine rotor through said hollow chamber in said shank portion into said aft wheelspace radially inward of said fore and aft wings of said buckets.
Government Interests

This invention was made with Government support under Contract No. DE-FC21-95MC31176 awarded by the Department of Energy. The Government has certain rights in this invention.

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Number Name Date Kind
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“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, vol. II, “Compatibility of Gas Turbine Materials with Steam Cooling”, Desai et al., pp. 452-464, Oct., 1995.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, vol. II, “Use of a Laser-Induced Flourescence Thermal Imaging System for Film Cooling Heat Transfer Measurement”, M. K. Chyu, pp. 465-473, Oct., 1995.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, vol. II, Effects of Geometry on Slot-Jet Film Cooling Performance, Hyams et al., pp. 474-496 Oct., 1995.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, vol. II, “Steam as Turbine Blade Coolant: Experimental Data Generation”, Wilmsen et al., pp. 497-505, Oct., 1995.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, vol. II, “Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposited Coatings for Thermal Barrier Coating Systems”, Hampikian et al., pp. 506-515, Oct., 1995.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, vol. II, “Premixed Burner Experiments: Geometry, Mixing, and Flame Structure Issues”, Gupta et al., pp. 516-528, Oct., 1995.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, vol. II, “Intercooler Flow Path for Gas Turbines: CFD Design and Experiments”, Agrawal et al., pp. 529-538, Oct., 1995.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, vol. II, “Bond Strength and Stress Measurements in Thermal Barrier Coatings”, Gell et al., pp. 539-549, Oct., 1995.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, vol. II, “Active Control of Combustion Instabilities in Low NOXGas Turbines”, Zinn et al., pp. 550-551, Oct., 1995.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, vol. II, “Combustion Instability Modeling and Analysis”, Santoro et al., pp. 552-559, Oct., 1995.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, vol. II, “Flow and Heat Transfer in Gas Turbine Disk Cavities Subject to Nonuniform External Pressure Field”, Roy et al., pp. 560-565, Oct., 1995.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, vol. II, “Heat Pipe Turbine Vane Cooling”, Langston et al., pp. 566-572, Oct., 1995.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, vol. II, “Improved Modeling Techniques for Turbomachinery Flow Fields”, Lakshminarayana et al., pp. 573-581, Oct., 1995.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, vol. II, “Advanced 3D Inverse Method for Designing Turbomachine Blades”, T. Dang, p. 582, Oct., 1995.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “ATS and the Industries of the Future”, Denise Swink, p. 1, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Gas Turbine Association Agenda”, William H. Day, pp. 3-16, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Power Needs in the Chemical Industry”, Keith Davidson, pp. 17-26, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Advanced Turbine Systems Program Overview”, David Esbeck, pp. 27-34, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Westinghouse's Advanced Turbine Systems Program”, Gerard McQuiggan, pp. 35-48, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Overview of GE's H Gas Turbine Combined Cycle”, Cook et al., pp. 49-72, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Allison Advanced Simple Cycle Gas Turbine System”, William D. Weisbrod, pp. 73-94, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “The AGTSR Industry-University Consortium”, Lawrence P. Golan, pp. 95-110, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “NOx and CO Emissions Models for Gas-Fired Lean-Premixed Combustion Turbines”, A. Mellor, pp. 111-122, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Methodologies for Active Mixing and Combustion Control”, Uri Vandsburger, pp. 123-156, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Combustion Modeling in Advanced Gas Turbine Systems”, Paul O. Hedman, pp. 157-180, Nov., 19967.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Manifold Methods for Methane Combustion”, Stephen B. Pope, pp. 181-188, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “The Role of Reactant Unmixedness, Strain Rate, and Length Scale on Premixed Combustor Performance”, Scott Samuelsen, pp. 189-210, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Effect of Swirl and Momentum Distribution on Temperature Distribution in Premixed Flames”, Ashwani K. Gupta, pp. 211-232, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Combustion Instability Studies Application to Land-Based Gas Turbine Combustors”, Robert J. Santoro, pp. 233-252.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, Active Control of Combustion Instabilities in Low NOx Turbines, Ben T. Zinn, pp. 253-264, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Life Prediction of Advanced Materials for Gas Turbine Application,” Sam Y. Zamrik, pp. 265-274, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposited Coatings for Thermal Barrier Coating Systems”, W. Brent Carter, pp. 275-290, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Compatibility of Gas Turbine Materials with Steam Cooling”, Vimal Desai, pp. 291-314, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Bond Strength and Stress Measurements in Thermal Barrier Coatings”, Maurice Gell, pp. 315-334, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Advanced Multistage Turbine Blade Aerodynamics, Performance, Cooling and Heat Transfer”, Sanford Fleeter, pp. 335-356, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Flow Characteristics of an Intercooler System for Power Generating Gas Turbine”, Ajay K. Agrawal, pp. 357-370, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Improved Modeling Techniques for Turbomachinery Flow Fields”, B. Lakshiminarayana, pp. 371-392, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Development of an Advanced 3d & Viscous Aerodynamic Design Method for Turbomachine Components in Utility and Industrial Gas Turbine Applications”, Thong Q. Dang, pp. 393-406, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Advanced Turbine Cooling, Heat Transfer, and Aerodynamic Studies”, Je-Chin Han, pp. 407-426, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Heat Transfer in a Two-Pass Internally Ribbed Turbine Blade Coolant Channel with Vortex Generators”, S. Acharya, pp. 427-446.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Experimental and Computational Studies of Film Cooling with Compound Angle Injection”, R. Goldstein, pp. 447-460, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Study of Endwall Film Cooling with a Gap Leakage Using a Thermographic Phosphor Fluorescence Imaging System”, Mingking K. Chyu, pp. 461-470, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Steam as a Turbine Blade Coolant: External Side Heat Transfer”, Abraham Engeda, pp. 471-482, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Flow and Heat Transfer in Gas Turbine Disk Cavities Subject to Nonuniform External Pressure Field”, Ramendra Roy, pp. 483-498, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Closed-Loop Mist/Steam Cooling for Advanced Turbine Systems”, Ting Wang, pp. 499-512, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Heat Pipe Turbine Vane Cooling”, Langston et al., pp. 513-534, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “EPRI's Combustion Turbine Program: Status and Future Directions”, Arthur Cohn, pp. 535,-552 Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “ATS Materials Support”, Michael Karnitz, pp. 553-576, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Land Based Turbine Casting Initiative”, Boyd A. Mueller, pp. 577-592, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Turbine Airfoil Manufacturing Technology”, Charles S. Kortovich, pp. 593-622, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Hot Corrosion Testing of TBS's”, Norman Bornstein, pp. 623-631, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine”, Mark van Roode, pp. 633-658, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Western European Status of Ceramics for Gas Turbines”, Tibor Bornemisza, pp. 659-670, Nov., 1996.
“Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting”, “Status of Ceramic Gas Turbines in Russia”, Mark van Roode, p. 671, Nov., 1996.
“Status Report: The U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Turbine systems Program”, facsimile dated Nov. 7, 1996.
“Testing Program Results Validate GE's H Gas Turbine -High Efficiency, Low Cost of Electricity and Low Emissions”, Roger Schonewald and Patrick Marolda, (no date available).
“Testing Program Results Validate GE's H Gas Turbine -High Efficiency, Low Cost of Electricity and Low Emissions”, Slide Presentation -working draft, (no date available).
“The Next Step In H. . . For Low Cost per kW-Hour Power Generation”, LP-1 PGE '98.
“Utility Advanced Turbine System (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing and Pre-Commercialization Demonstration”, Document #486040, Oct. 1-Dec. 31, 1996, Publication Date, Jun. 1, 1997, Report Numbers: DOE/MC/31176--5628.
“Utility Advanced Turbine System (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing --Phase 3”, Document #666274, Oct. 1, 1996-Sep. 30, 1997, Publication Date, Dec. 31, 1997, Report Numbers: DOE/MC/31176—10.
“Utility Advanced Turbine System (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing and Pre-Commercial Demonstration, Phase 3”, Document #486029, Oct. 1 -Dec. 31, 1995, Publication Date, May 1, 1997, Report Numbers: DOE/MC/31176—5340.
“Utility Advanced Turbine System (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing and Pre-Commercial Demonstration -Phase 3”, Document #486132, Apr. 1 -Jun. 30, 1976, Publication Date, Dec. 31, 1996, Report Numbers: DOE/MC/31176—5660.
“Utility Advanced Turbine System (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing and Pre-Commercial Demonstration --Phase 3”, Document #587906, Jul. 1 -Sep. 30, 1995, Publication Date, Dec. 31, 1995, Report Numbers: DOE/MC/31176—5339.
“Utility Advanced Turbine System (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing and Pre-Commercial Demonstration” Document #666277, Apr. 1 -Jun. 30, 1997, Publication Date, Dec. 31, 1997, Report Numbers: DOE/MC/31176—8.
“Utility Advanced Turbine System (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing and Pre-Commercialization Demonstration” Jan. 1 -Mar. 31, 1996, DOE/MC/31176--5338.
“Utility Advanced Turbine System (ATS) Technolgoy Readiness Testing: Phase 3R”, Document #756552, Apr. 1 -Jun. 30, 1999, Publication Date, Sep. 1, 1999, Report Numbers: DE--FC21-95MC31176-23.
“Utility Advanced Turbine System (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing.”, Document #656823, Jan. 1 -Mar. 31, 1998, Publication Date, Aug. 1, 1998, Report Numbers: DOE/MC/31176-17.
“Utility Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing and Pre-Commercial Demonstration”, Annual Technical Progress Report, Reporting Period: Jul. 1, 1995 -Sep. 30, 1996.
“Utility Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing”, Phase 3R, Annual Technical Progress Report, Reporting Period: Oct. 1, 1997 -Sep. 30, 1998.
“Utility Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing”, Document #750405, Oct. 1 -Dec. 30, 1998, Publication Date: May, 1, 1999, Report Numbers: DE-FC21-95MC31176-20.
“Utility Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing”, Document #1348, Apr. 1 -Jun. 29, 1998, Publication Date Oct. 29, 1998, Report Numbers DE-FC21-95MC31176--18.
“Utility Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing -Phase 3”, Annual Technical Progress Report Period: Oct. 1, 1996 -Sep. 30, 1997.
“Utility Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing and Pre-Commercial Demonstration”, Quarterly Report, Jan. 1 -Mar. 31, 1997, Document #666275, Report Numbers: DOE/MC/31176-07.
“Proceedings of the 1997 Advanced Turbine Systems”, Annual Program Review Meeting, Oct. 28-29, 1997.