Production of natural gas from drilled wells often has associated liquid production. The liquids may consist of water, oil or hydrocarbon condensates in any combination. A free flowing gas well may, over time, accumulate liquids in the well bore that are not carried to surface due to flow rates that are insufficient to entrain the liquid and keep it moving out of the well. In these cases, the liquids will accumulate to the extent that they build up in the well bore and exert a hydrostatic pressure against the producing part of the underground formation. This build up of liquid will continue until the hydrostatic pressure from the liquid equals or exceeds the natural pressure of the producing formation, and all flow of gas and liquids from that formation are stopped.
Various methods of removing the liquids from the wellbore are well known and in use. One such method is “Plunger Lift”, whereby a freely reciprocating piston, or plunger, is operated in an intermittent or continuous fashion, allowing the plunger to fall through the accumulated liquid to the bottom of the wellbore and then return to surface, pushing the liquid ahead of it and clear of the wellbore. This way, the back pressure against the formation is reduced or minimized and the well produces at a rate closer to it's theoretical maximum.
Recent years have seen the development of two-stage or multi-stage plunger lift systems. These systems utilize a two or more plungers in a staged arrangement in a single well. There are one or more staging tools placed at intermediate intervals in the well such that a separate plunger operates in each discrete segment or stage of the well. The staging tools are designed to isolate the well into discrete sections or chambers, usually with a one-way valve arrangement that allows the lowest sections to sequentially move the liquids up the well into the next chamber without permitting fallback of those liquids. This sequential lifting of the liquids allows the well to operate with lower gas volumes than single stage plunger lift, thereby providing a wider range of applications.
Current designs of staging tools incorporate two areas where a seal must be established to prevent the backflow of liquids. One is the use of a one-way valve where the main flow of gas and liquids pass though on their way to the surface. Typically a ball and seat arrangement or similar arrangement is used. The second area that needs to be sealed is the annular area between the tool and the production tubing. This is commonly achieved by the use of an elastomeric seal.
The annular elastomeric seals currently in use may remain exposed to the tubing wall both during the process of setting the tool and on it's extraction. Some tools simply use a seal such as a swab cup fitted over a sleeve. Other known art employs a retractable seal which is essentially an elastomeric bushing which is expanded when the device is set in the well by means of a tapered shaft forcing the bushing against the tubing wall. Upon extraction, the tapered shaft is removed from the elastomeric bushing allowing it to collapse away from the tubing wall. Known problems with this latter art is the nature of elastomers to take a “set” after a period of time, whereby they do not return to their original shape after the force which was holding them in place is removed. In such cases the elastomeric seal remains exposed and potentially in contact with the tubing wall leaving it prone to damage upon extraction.
The object of the proposed invention is to improve upon the known art of staging tool design, specifically by providing a means of protecting an elastomeric seal upon withdrawal of the tool from the well. This invention eliminates the problems associated with seal damage on extraction, thus avoiding problems to associated equipment when damaged seal components fall into the well and reducing the need for costly and time consuming rebuild of the staging tool.
FIG. 2BB is a view taken along the lines A-A in
The present invention provides for a means of protecting the elastomeric seal from damage as the tool 2 is moved through the well 40 as represented in
The extraction of the tool from the well is also done using a wireline service rig, as represented in
Once extracted from the well “W”, the tool 2 can be inspected and serviced as needed. The elastomeric seal 18, if in good and reusable condition can simply be covered by ensuring the tool is in the extended and protective position prior to replacement in the well. If need be, the tool can be disassembled and a replacement elastomeric seal can be installed and the process as described above can be carried out to place the tool in the well.
The central part of the tool as represented in
The upper assembly 6 is determined as follows. A fishing neck and cage assembly (10) is threadedly attached to the upper coupling (13) in such a way that it retains the one-way valve consisting of the ball (11) and its corresponding seat (12). The upper coupling (13) is threadedly attached to the sliding connector (15) and there through to the seal retractor cup (19) by means of the tubular connecting rod (16) thereby making one complete rigid structure from the fishing neck and cage (10) through to the seal retractor cup (19).
The lower assembly 8 is determined as follows. The lowermost part of the tool, the locating tool coupling (22) is threadedly attached at it's lower end to the locating tool (collar stop or tubing stop). The upper part of the locating tool coupling (22) is threadedly attached to the seal cup retainer sleeve (20), holding in place support ring (21). The lowermost part of the seal cup retainer sleeve (20) consists of a cylindrical hollow section segmented longitudinally to provide a guided means of travel for seal retractor cup (19) in the upper assembly. The lower segments of the seal cup retainer sleeve (20) are supported and prevented from collapsing inwardly in the radial direction by the support ring (21). The seal cup retainer sleeve is threadedly attached to the seal retainer (17) which in turn is threadedly attached to the sliding sleeve (14). The elastomeric seal (18) is a multi-lip style seal molded onto a metallic hollow core and assembled over the elongated portion of the seal cup retainer sleeve (20) and held in position by the seal retainer (17).
Movement in the longitudinal direction between the upper assembly and lower assembly effectively allow the seal retractor cup (19) to move in relation to the elastomeric seal (18). This movement is facilitated by design of the seal retractor cup (19) which has a lower portion with slots which allow passage for the lower segments of the seal cup retainer sleeve (20). The sliding connector (15) is able to move longitudinally through the sliding sleeve (14) when force is applied in either direction.
When setting the tool in the well, as represented in
Extracting the tool from the well involves an upward pulling force exerted by the wireline rig to the fishing neck and cage assembly (10). This action first causes the vertical movement of the fishing neck and cage assembly (10), the upper coupling (13), the sliding connector (15), the tubular connecting rod (16) and the seal retractor cup (19). The entire lower assembly remains fixed and rigidly held in place by virtue of the connection to the locating tool which remains locked in position during the initial travel of the upper assembly. The initial upward movement of the upper assembly exposes the pressure relief holes (23) allowing liquid retained above the tool to pass through the hollow center to the next lower chamber. The seal retractor cup (19) moves vertically upwards and in this movement compresses and covers the elastomeric seal (18), further releasing the liquid from the next upper chamber into the next lower chamber, retracting the elastomeric seal (18) and preventing contact with the production tubing wall. The upward movement continues until the full travel of the sliding connector (15) is completed by contact at the upper internal end of the sliding sleeve (14). At this point the upward forces are carried from the fishing neck and cage assembly (10) to the upper coupling (13), to the sliding connector (15), to the sliding sleeve (14), to the seal retainer (17), to the seal cup retainer (20) and to the locating tool coupling (22). The locating tool coupling (22) transfers the upward force imparted by the wireline service rig to the locating tool, allowing it to release from the production tubing wall and to permit extraction of the entire assembly from the well.
The representation shown in
An annular array of magnets 41 is represented in one preferred embodiment in
A bladed turbine 43, with an rf transmitter thereattached, may be arranged at for example, a lower end of the tool assembly 38, as represented in
The representation shown in
During such upward (or downward) force, the elastomeric seal assembly 18 is hence protectively covered/uncovered by the articulatable relationship of the seal retractor cup 19 and the retaining sleeve 20 effecting radial displacement, i.e. radial expansion/radial contraction of the seal 18 towards and away from sealing (and wearing) engagement of the walls of the well's tubing. It is to be noted that other embodiments of this concept may include pressurizable/depressurizable annular seals, pivotable swinging of annular seal members or the like.
The operation of the staging tool system relates to the tool run in the well with the sleeve covering the sealing elements protecting them from the tubing wall. When the staging tool is set, the tubing and/or collar stop sets first and then with further jarring down on the staging tool, with the jars on the running tool, it operates to move the sleeve lower exposing the elastomer seals. On retrieval of the staging tool, the pulling tool is set down on top of the fishing neck. Overshot dogs on the pulling tool engage the fishing neck of the staging tool and pulling up the fishing neck of the staging tool exposes an equalizing hole, whereby the pressure above the elastomeric seals is equalized with the pressure below the seals. By further pulling up on the fishing neck of the staging tool after the pressures are equalized, the seal retaining sleeve moves upwardly compressing and enclosing the elastomer seals. Once the retaining sleeve is all the way in its “up” position, then the tubing or collar stop is permitted to release and the entire tool may be lifted out of the well hole.
This invention relates to staging tool arrangements for gas well production, and more particularly to adaptable seals for those staging tools to minimize well downtime and tool maintenance, and is based upon Provisional patent application, Ser. No. 61/194,269, filed 25 Sep. 2008, and is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 11/715,216 filed 7 Mar. 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,748,448 and also of Ser. No. 12/217,756 filed 8 Jul. 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,793,728, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 11/350,367 filed 8 Feb. 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,395,865 which was based upon Provisional Patent Application 60/593,914, filed 24 Feb. 2005, and on Ser. No. 12/313,279, filed 18 Nov. 2008, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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3856082 | Dinning | Dec 1974 | A |
4487263 | Jani | Dec 1984 | A |
5518072 | McTernaghan | May 1996 | A |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20100089595 A1 | Apr 2010 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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61194269 | Sep 2008 | US | |
60593914 | Feb 2005 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 11350367 | Feb 2006 | US |
Child | 11715216 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 12217756 | Jul 2008 | US |
Child | 12586736 | US | |
Parent | 11715216 | Mar 2007 | US |
Child | 12217756 | US |