Patent Application
20250019792
The present invention relates to a stainless-steel fuel piping used as a fuel supply path for an internal combustion engine, high-pressure hydrogen gas piping used for fuel cells, and the like. In particular, the invention relates to the stainless-steel fuel piping having a connection head that is formed, for example, by press working at an end of the piping and a method for softening the connection head at the piping end.
Known are fuel piping having connection heads including fuel injection lines (fuel injection pipes) having connection heads that are used for fuel supply paths for an internal combustion engine. For the fuel injection lines (fuel injection pipes), for example, known is a fuel injection line for the internal combustion engine including, at least one of the line's ends, a connection head formed thereon by upsetting, the connection head comprising a forward sealing taper portion formed by press of a punch member in the axial direction of the line (see, e.g. PLTs 1 and 2). Further, for the fuel piping for the internal combustion engine, the type of a stainless-steel fuel piping shown in
With regard to production methods of such connection heads of the fuel injection line having the connection head formed by upsetting and the stainless-steel fuel piping having the connection head which is formed at the piping end and has the sealing face formed by pressing or the like, known is a process of normalizing annealing by inductive heating prior to formation of the connection head 110 of the fuel injection line or the stainless-steel fuel piping thereon by pressing so that the cold deformation effect which occurs when the connection head 110 is formed by pressing or the like on the piping end can be produced without the formation of cracks and with only a moderate level of stresses being produced (see, PLT 1).
The present invention has an object to solve problems, in particular, about the stainless-steel fuel piping as described below.
When the stainless-steel fuel piping is used, a contact surface of a high-hardness sealing face (forward sealing taper portion) makes deformation of a contact surface of the sealing face impossible because the contact surface follows a mating member if sufficient axial force cannot be available due to following rotation or the like in tightening of the piping. Therefore, there is a risk that sealing performance cannot be ensured. In other words, when the sealing face is softened, the contact surface is easily plastic-deformed to adapt to a mating member, thereby improving the sealing performance with relatively low torque. However, if a whole of the tightening portion of the fuel piping is softened, the whole tightening portion is necessarily deformed in repeated tightening due to conceivable attachment and detachment of the piping in inspection and the like, which causes the problem that can ensure no sealing performance.
The present invention has been made to solve the problems, in particular, that there is the risk that the sealing performance cannot be ensured due to the hard sealing face and that the whole tightening portion is necessarily deformed in repeated tightening due to conceivable attachments and detachments of the piping in inspection and the like, and thereby the sealing performance cannot be also ensured in the stainless-steel fuel piping and a method of producing the piping. Thus, the invention aims to provide the stainless-steel fuel piping having a connection head with high sealing performance and a treatment method for softening a surface layer of the connection head.
The stainless-steel fuel piping of the present invention includes a connection head that has a truncated-cone or truncated-arc shaped sealing face and is formed at a connection end of a steel pipe with a small diameter and a thick wall, wherein the connection head is subjected to softening heat treatment to a predetermined hardness on a surface layer of the sealing face.
The method of softening a surface layer of an end of a stainless-steel fuel piping of the present invention includes irradiation to a desired area on the sealing face of the connection head with a laser to cause heating treatment due to thermal energy generation on the surface layer of the sealing face, thereby performing softening heat treatment only on the surface layer of the sealing face to a predetermined hardness. Further, for the process of performing softening heat treatment on the surface layer of the sealing face of the connection head, an another method of the invention includes formation of a labyrinth structure with a concave-convex pattern on the surface layer of the sealing face by laser to perform softening heat treatment only on the surface layer of the sealing face to the predetermined hardness due to heat effect caused by the laser to the concave-convex pattern of the labyrinth structure and its vicinity.
For a range to be softened to the predetermined hardness on the stainless-steel fuel piping of the invention, it is preferable that 0.35 mm to 0.65 D (D: the outer diameter of the stainless-steel fuel pipe) from the edge of the sealing face, and 0.05 mm or deeper and not more than half the pipe wall thickness in depth from the sealing face. Additionally, the hardness of the softened area is preferably lower by 50 HV or more than that prior to the softening of the connection head. As for the stainless-steel fuel piping, one having the wall thickness t of 0.125 D to 0.27 D, a radius R of a spherical sealing part of 0.51 D to 0.65 D, a distance H from the edge face to the most-expanded pipe portion of 0.5 D to 0.7 D, and a diameter W of the most-expanded pipe portion of 1.25 D to 1.5 D may be used as shown in
According to the stainless-steel fuel piping of the present invention, which has the connection head formed at the connection end of the thick-wall steel pipe, irradiating the surface layer of the sealing face with a laser produces thermal energy on the surface layer of the sealing face to subject the surface layer of the sealing face to softening heat treatment to the predetermined hardness. This can control deformation of a mating part in tightening of seal not to cause large deformation of the mating part to thereby ensure the sealing performance. Further, because of performing the softening heat treatment only on the surface layer of the sealing face to the predetermined hardness, it prevents the tightening portion from deforming as a whole in tightening several times to ensure the sealing performance.
In addition, since the method of softening the surface layer of an end of the stainless-steel fuel piping according to the invention employs the process of subjecting the surface layer of the sealing face and its vicinity to softening heat treatment to the predetermined hardness, it is possible to adjust the hardness of the surface layer of the sealing face depending on temperature and time during the heat treatment. Besides, because of cooling of only the sealing face at the piping end, it allows for rapid cooling by self-heat capacity, which makes it possible to prevent sensitization that is a material deterioration phenomenon specific to stainless steel, namely which is a phenomenon showing the formation of a chromium depleted layer due to precipitation of chromium carbide at the grain boundaries in the structure and the condition of the structure with grain coarsening.
Furthermore, another method of softening the surface layer of the end of the stainless-steel fuel piping according to the invention employs the process of subjecting the surface layer of the sealing face to softening heat treatment to the predetermined hardness, and as the process of softening heat treatment, the labyrinth structure with the concave-convex pattern is formed by laser on the sealing face and softening heat treatment is subjected to the concave-convex pattern of the labyrinth structure and its vicinity, thereby achieving the similar effect to the above-described effect.
The stainless-steel fuel piping shown in
In this regard, the reason that the area subjected to softening heat treatment to have the predetermined hardness is limited to the hatched area of the sealing face 13 of the connection head 10 is that especially when the sealing face 13 is softened, its contact surface is easily plastic-deformed to adapt to a mating member, thereby improving the sealing performance with relatively low torque, whereas when the whole of the tightening portion of the fuel piping is softened, the whole tightening portion is necessarily deformed in repeated tightening, thereby causing the problem that cannot ensure the sealing performance. In addition, softening treatment on the whole tightening portion results in a crushed edge of the sealing face, and thus leakage necessarily occurs, however, softening treatment only on the sealing face allows to keep the form of the edge to thereby ensure the sealing performance, which makes it possible to prevent leakage from occurring even if tightening is repeated several times.
The stainless-steel fuel piping shown in
The stainless-steel fuel piping shown in
The stainless-steel fuel piping shown in
As described above, the stainless-steel fuel piping of the present invention is subjected to softening heat treatment to the predetermined hardness on the surface layer of the sealing face by laser irradiation and it allows for rapid cooling by self-heat capacity due to appropriate heat input and cooling to the sealing face at the piping end, thereby making it possible to prevent sensitization which is the material deterioration phenomena specific to stainless steel. Thus, deformation of a mating part can be controlled in tightening of seal to prevent the mating part from deforming highly, thereby ensuring the sealing performance. Furthermore, since only the surface layer of the sealing face is softened to the predetermined hardness, a hardness inside of the piping is maintained to control deformation in the whole of the connection head to load in tightening, which produce an effect to ensure the sealing performance in repeated tightening for several times.
Then, a process for providing a concave-convex pattern is described based on
The method of softening the surface layer at the end of the stainless-steel fuel piping according to the present invention includes forming labyrinth grooves 50 simultaneously with the softening treatment by laser processing on the sealing face 13, 23, 33, or 43 of the connection head 10, 20, 30, or 40 at the end of the stainless-steel fuel piping shown in
As described above, the method of softening the surface layer at the end of the stainless-steel fuel piping of the invention employs the way of forming the labyrinth seal structure by the laser on the surface layer of the sealing face to allow only the surface layer of the sealing face to be softened to have the predetermined hardness thanks to the labyrinth structure, as the process of performing the softening heat treatment on the surface layer of the sealing face of the connection head. This enables not only exact adjustment of the hardness of the surface layer of the sealing face at the end of the piping which has been work-hardened, but also rapid cooling by self-heat capacity due to proper heat input and cooling to the sealing face at the piping end, thereby making it also possible to prevent sensitization which is material deterioration phenomena specific to stainless steel.
For the stainless-steel fuel piping of the invention, it is preferable to perform the softening heat treatment to the predetermined hardness on an area within a range of 0.35 mm to 0.65 D (D: the outer diameter of the stainless-steel fuel pipe) from the edge of the sealing face 13, 23, 33, or 43 and 0.05 mm or deeper and not more than half the pipe wall thickness in depth from the sealing face, although it is not particularly limited. In addition, the hardness of the softened area is preferably lower by 50 HV or more than that prior to the softening of the connection head. Furthermore, for the stainless-steel fuel piping, one can be used with the wall thickness t of 0.125 D to 0.27 D, the radius R of the spherical sealing part of 0.51 D to 0.65 D, the distance H from the edge face to the most-expanded pipe portion of 0.5 D to 0.7 D, and the diameter W of the most-expanded pipe portion of 1.25 D to 1.5 D, as shown in
The present invention is described more particularly by means of examples below, but it is not limited to the examples. Modifications and variations of the invention without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention are deemed to fall within the technical scope of the invention.
In the examples, regarding effects shown on the softened surface layer of the sealing face on the connection head at the stainless-steel fuel piping end, sealing performance tests were conducted by varying the depth to be softened and then resultant sealing effects were observed.
As a base material of the steel pipe, used was a stainless-steel pipe material with the outer diameter D of 6.35 mm, the inner diameter d of 3.05 mm, the wall thickness t of 1.65 mm, the radius R of a spherical sealing part at the worked pipe end of 4 mm, and the distance H from the edge face to the most-expanded pipe portion of 3.1 mm. The stainless-steel pipe material was subjected to softening heat treatment to the predetermined hardness on the surface layer of the sealing face at its connection end by laser irradiation. In so doing, the laser irradiation was performed on the point of 0.5 mm from the edge of the piping and the softening heat treatment was performed on an area within not more than half the pipe wall thickness in depth from the surface layer of the sealing face, and the hardness HV was set as 169 to 252 HV.
Table 1 shows results of the tests for the softening heat treatment at the connection end of the stainless-steel pipe material in Example 1. Table 2 shows results of sealing tests in tightening to check the presence or absence of leakage when pressurized to 105 MPa.
From the results shown in Tables 1 and 2, for the stainless-steel fuel piping with the connection head formed at the connection end of the thick-wall steel pipe, it became clear that when the laser irradiation was performed on the point of 0.5 mm from the edge of the piping, the hardness of the surface-softened piping at the depth of 0.1 mm from the outer surface (surface layer) in the range of 0.35 mm to 1 mm from the piping edge was lower by 50 HV or more than that of the unsoftened piping, whereas at the depth of 0.1 mm from the inner surface, the hardness of the surface-softened piping was almost equal to that of the unsoftened piping in any range of the distance from the piping edge. With regard to the piping whole-softened by high frequency, it was softened by 50 HV or more compared to the unsoftened piping even when measured both at the depth of 0.1 mm from the inner surface and from the outer surface.
As is also clear from the result of the example, for the stainless-steel fuel piping with the connection head formed at the connection end of the thick-wall steel pipe, the laser irradiation to the surface layer of the sealing face causes thermal energy generation on the surface layer to provide a softened layer surface of the sealing face with the desired hardness. Thus, the contact surface of the sealing face is plastic-deformed in tightening to adapt to a mating member to thereby ensure the sealing performance.
In addition, the results show that since only the surface layer of the sealing face was softened to the predetermined hardness, the tightening portion could be prevented from wholly deforming in the repeated tightening to thereby ensure the sealing performance. Consequently, it is proved that the softening heat treatment to the predetermined hardness is preferably performed on an area within the range of 0.35 mm to 0.65 D from the edge of the sealing face and 0.05 mm or deeper and not more than half the pipe wall thickness in depth from the sealing face, and further the hardness of the softened area is preferably lower by 50 HV or more than that prior to the softening of the connection head, as described above.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-186548 | Nov 2021 | JP | national |
The present application is a National Phase of International Application No. PCT/JP2022/042601, filed Nov. 16, 2022, and claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-186548, filed Nov. 16, 2021.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2022/042601 | 11/16/2022 | WO |
