The present invention relates to stair stringers, and more particularly to an assembly for constructing a stair stringer assembly and a stairway assembly.
Conventional stairways, especially in residential construction, include a stringer made from a 2×12 piece of wood, with portions of the stringer cut away to define the rise and run of each step. This construction requires that each triangular portion of wood removed be marked and cut separately, involving a great deal of labor and presenting numerous opportunities for error and injury—even for the most skilled carpenter. It also results in a stringer having an effective structural thickness of less than half the thickness of the original 2×12 piece of lumber, with about one-quarter of the original 2×12 piece being scrapped.
A number of attempts have been made at producing stairs more efficiently and accurately. Most of these attempts incorporate preassembled portions of stringers, portions of stairways, or complete prefabricated stairways. These products reduce some of the on-the-job calculating and cutting that is required with conventional stringers, but they also reduce, and in some cases eliminate, the ability of the installer to accommodate for variables found in the typical building environment, such as variations in the floor to ceiling height and variations in the tread and riser materials.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,088,977 discloses a plurality of L-shaped brackets that can be used to construct a stringer. Each L-shaped bracket includes markings to indicate rise and run dimensions. The stringer is constructed by separately aligning and attaching each individual bracket onto a conventional 2×6 board using the bracket's rise and run dimensions. Treads and risers are attached to the stringers to complete the stairway. This system eliminates most of the cutting issues in constructing the stringer, but suffers from disadvantages as each bracket must be carefully measured before attaching it to the 2×6 board, which increases installation time and leaves a significant potential for error in the placement of each bracket. As a result, stairway manufacturers, contractors and do-it-yourself installers are continually searching for a simple, efficient and accurate way to construct stairway stringers and stairways.
The present invention provides an assembly for accurately and efficiently constructing a stringer assembly and a stairway assembly, while providing variability during installation.
In one embodiment, the stringer assembly includes a support element, a plurality of brackets and a plurality of alignment elements. The support element may be a generally straight, structural piece, such as a 2×4. The brackets are connected to the support element, and each bracket includes a rise indicator corresponding to a desired rise dimension and a run indicator corresponding to a desired run dimension. The alignment elements register the brackets by aligning the rise indicator on each of the brackets with a run indicator on an adjacent one of the brackets to space the brackets at a desired rise and run and to square the brackets at the proper angles. The brackets each include a tread flange and a riser flange, such that a tread and a riser can be directly connected to each bracket.
In one embodiment, the bracket includes a body, tread and riser flanges extending from the body, and at least one of a rise indicator and a run indicator on the body. Each rise indicator and run indicator is positioned such that a run indicator on one bracket can be aligned with a rise indicator on a second bracket. When the brackets are aligned in this manner, they space apart the tread flange on the one bracket from the tread flange on the second bracket at a desired rise dimension and a desired run dimension. Additional brackets may be similarly aligned and attached together to form the stringer assembly. The rise indicators and run indicators may be holes defined in the body of the bracket, and in one embodiment the bracket includes a plurality of rise indicator holes and a plurality of run indicator holes, each corresponding to a desired rise dimension or a desired run dimension. The assembly may further include a head bracket capable of being attached to the ceiling and having a rise indicator and a foot bracket capable of being attached to the floor and having a run indicator. Finally, each bracket may also include a plurality of attachment holes for securing the bracket to the support element and thus transferring loads to the support element.
In another embodiment, the assembly includes a temporary tread system, wherein the bracket body includes a cutout that is sized to receive a temporary tread support. A safe and solid temporary tread can be attached to the temporary tread support for use by installers and workers during construction before the finished tread is installed on the tread flanges. In one embodiment, the body includes a cutout shaped to receive a 2×4, and the cutout is spaced from the tread flange on the bracket such that the finished tread can be attached to the tread flange without removing the temporary tread. In a stairway assembly with multiple stringers, the temporary tread support can be inserted through each stringer, and the temporary tread can be glued, nailed, screwed or otherwise attached to the temporary tread support. In addition, in one embodiment, the temporary tread support can extend through and beyond the brackets to rest on a vertical support post to aid in transferring stair loads.
In yet another embodiment, the assembly includes a preassembled tread and riser combination that can be attached to the bracket as a single piece. The riser or tread includes a notch to securely receive an end of the other piece. The tread piece attaches to the tread flange of a first bracket and the riser attaches to the riser flange of a second bracket.
The present invention provides an accurate way to create and assemble a stringer, while providing a high degree of variability to accommodate for different rises and runs, as well as normal construction variables. The rise and run indicator holes are easily aligned to provide the desired rise and run spacing while also registering each bracket with the adjacent brackets. The tread and riser flanges enable a direct connection with the treads and risers, and the temporary tread cutout allows installers to easily assemble temporary treads, without requiring additional labor to remove or replace the temporary treads before installing the finished treads. In addition, the tread and riser system securely supports the loads of the entire length of the back of the tread, which in some cases may eliminate the need for a middle stringer.
These and other objects, advantages, and features of the invention will be readily understood and appreciated by reference to the detailed description of the current embodiment and the drawings.
I. Overview
A stair stringer assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown in
II. Structure
As noted above, in one embodiment, the stairway assembly 10 includes two stringer assemblies 12 and 14. The left stringer assembly 12 supports the left side of the stairway 10 and the right stringer assembly 14 supports the right side of the stairway 10. In another, embodiment, the stairway 10 may include additional stringer assemblies as necessary to provide sufficient support for the stairway 10. For instance, a third stringer assembly may be included to support the center of the stairway. The third stringer assembly may be a left stringer assembly, a right stringer assembly or a different central stringer assembly.
Referring now to
The head bracket 22 additionally includes a rise indicator 21. In the illustrated embodiment, the rise indicator 21 is a plurality of holes 32 defined in the body in two parallel staggered lines 56 and 58. Each staggered line 56, 58 starts proximate to the bottom edge 44 of the bracket 22 and extends toward the top edge 42. As shown in
Referring now to
Referring now to
The foot bracket 24 additionally includes a run indicator 23. As shown in
III. Assembly
Assembly of the stairway 10 of the illustrated embodiment begins with measuring the distance from the floor 18 to the upper floor structure 20, and then calculating or determining the number of brackets, including a head bracket 22, a foot bracket 24 and one or more center brackets 26, necessary for each stringer assembly 12, 14 to span the distance between the head bracket 22 and foot bracket 24. This division also determines the consistent riser height for all of the brackets 22, 24 and 26. This division may otherwise be determined by a chart that is provided with the assembly 10. The desired run length can be determined from the various run lengths provided in the run indicator markings shown in
One assembly method of a stringer assembly 12 or 14 begins with marking a scribe line 11 on a support board 16. The scribe line 11 may be a pencil line extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal length of the support board 16. In one embodiment, wherein the support board is a conventional 2×4, the scribe line 11 may be located about 2½ inches from the bottom edge 120 of the board 16. In one embodiment, a center bracket 26 is then attached to the support board 16 using fasteners, such as screws or nails, extending through the attachment holes 55 on the bracket 26 and into the support board 16, while aligning one of the rise indicator holes 72 and one of the run indicator holes 78 with the scribe line 11, so that the bracket 26 is about one foot from the “foot” end 121 of the support board 16.
In one embodiment, a foot bracket 24 is then attached by inserting fasteners through the run indicator holes 112 on the foot bracket 24 corresponding to the predetermined run for the stairway and into the rise indicator holes 72 on the center bracket 26. In the illustrated embodiment (shown in
The rest of the center panels 26 are then added to the initial center panel 26 by using the rise and run indicator markings to align the run indicator holes 78 of a first center panel 26 with the rise indicator holes 72 of a second center panel 26 and extending fasteners through the aligned holes and into the support board 16 along the scribe line. For instance, one fastener may be inserted through a rise indicator hole 72 on line 74 on a first bracket 26 and through a run indicator hole 78 on line 80 of a second bracket 26, and a second fastener may be inserted through a rise indicator hole 72 on line 76 of the first bracket 26 and through a run indicator hole 78 on line 82 of the second bracket 26. At any point during this process, the stringer assembly can be checked for mistakes by ensuring that each of the fasteners that extends through the aligned indicator holes 72, 78 is also inserted along the scribe line 11 on the support board 16. Each center bracket 26 can be securely attached to the support board 16 by inserting additional fasteners through the attachment holes 55, which helps to transfer loads from the brackets 26 to the support board 16.
The head bracket 22 is aligned on the support board 16 by aligning the rise indicator holes 32 on the head bracket 22 with the run indicator holes 78 on the upper-most center bracket 26. In one embodiment, shown in
In one embodiment, after the head bracket 22 is secured, the portion of the support board 16 that extends beyond the upper edge 42 of the head bracket 22 can be cut off. Similarly, after the foot bracket 24 is secured to the support board 16, the portion of the support board 16 below the bottom edge 96 of the foot bracket 24 can be cut off.
The assembled stringer assembly 12 or 14 is secured to the ceiling and floor by inserting fasteners through the support flange 54 and into the upper floor structure 20 (i.e. a hanger board, furr blocking or another ceiling support) with the tread flange 50 on the head bracket 22 spaced from the ceiling (not shown) at the predetermined rise distance. The floor flange 106 of the floor bracket 24 is attached to the floor 18, or a furr block (not shown) secured to the floor 18. The above-noted method may be duplicated for the opposite stringer assembly 12, 14 and any additional stringer assemblies. Treads 28 may then be attached to the tread flanges 50, 68 and 100 of the brackets 22, 24 and 26, and risers 30 may be attached to the riser flanges 52, 70 and 102 of the brackets 22, 24 and 26 to complete the stairway assembly. In the bracket embodiment shown in
In another embodiment, wherein the brackets 22, 24 and 26 include temporary tread support cutouts 59, 84 and 118, temporary treads may be installed before installation of the treads 28 and risers 30. In this embodiment (see
Referring now to
Although the above-described assembly method includes a particular order for assembling the stringer assemblies 12, 14 and stairway 10, the assembly does not require a particular order. For instance, the brackets 22, 24 and 26 can be attached to the support board 16 in any order, as long as the rise indicator holes of a first bracket are aligned with the run indicator holes of a second bracket and the scribe line on the support board 16. In addition, alternative run indicators and rise indicators may be used to align the brackets. For instance, the indicators could be elongated slots, dimples, or other markings on the brackets that enable alignment of a particular rise or run dimension on one bracket with a particular rise or run dimension on another bracket. Further, although the illustrated embodiment shows the rise and run indicators being aligned by fasteners, they could otherwise be aligned with alternative alignment elements that align the rise and run indicators but do not extend into the support board.
The above description is that of the current embodiment of the invention. Various alterations and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and broader aspects of the invention as defined in the appended claims, which are to be interpreted in accordance with the principles of patent law including the doctrine of equivalents. Any reference to claim elements in the singular, for example, using the articles “a,” “an,” “the” or “said,” is not to be construed as limiting the element to the singular.