BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a start up circuit. More particularly, the present invention relates to a high voltage start up circuit for power converters.
2. Description of Related Art
FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a traditional start up circuit, in which a voltage VD is required to provide a supply voltage to a control circuit 10 of a power converter. When power converter is switched on, the voltage VD is supplied from a voltage source VIN through a transistor 11. A drain terminal and a source terminal of the transistor 11 are coupled to the voltage source VIN and the control circuit 10 respectively. When the control circuit 10 starts to operate, a further supply voltage is provided by a transformer winding 16 through a diode 17 and a capacitor 18. After that, the transistor 11 will be turned off to save the power consumption. A transistor 12 is used to turn off the transistor 11. The transformer winding 16 is coupled to a ground and a terminal of the diode 17. The capacitor 18 is coupled between another terminal of the diode 17 and the ground. The capacitor 18 is further coupled to the control circuit 10. A resistor 15 is coupled from the drain terminal of the transistor 11 to a gate terminal of the transistor 11. The resistor 15 is used to provide a bias voltage to turn on the transistor 11.
A drain terminal and a source terminal of the transistor 12 are coupled to the gate terminal of the transistor 11 and the ground respectively. A gate terminal of the transistor 12 is coupled to an output terminal of an inverter 14. An input terminal of the inverter 14 receives a control signal SN. The transistor 11 is turned off by the transistor 12 in response to the control signal SN. The transistor 12 is controlled by the control signal SN through the inverter 14. The transistor 12 is turned on to switch off the transistor 11 in response to the disabling of the control signal SN. However, when the transistor 12 is turned on, the resistor 15 will consume a power PR, it is given by,
wherein R15 is a resistance of the resistor 15.
The voltage source VIN is normally supplied from an AC power source. Through the rectification, the voltage of the voltage source VIN would be as high as 350VDC when a high line voltage is applied. Therefore, a significant power loss will be produced at resistor 15. The resistor 15 in high resistance such as several mega ohms can be used to reduce the power loss. However such the resistor 15 in high resistance is not appropriate to be built into an integrated circuit. Therefore, it is desirable to develop a high efficiency start up circuit, especially to develop an integrated circuit for high voltage start up.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a start up circuit of power converters. It includes a first transistor, a resistive device, a second transistor, a third transistor and a diode. The first transistor has a negative-threshold voltage. The third transistor and the second transistor are positive-threshold voltage devices. The first transistor is coupled to input a voltage source. The third transistor is connected in serial with the first transistor to provide a supply voltage to a control circuit of the power converter. The diode is coupled from a transformer winding of the power converter to provide a further supply voltage to the control circuit of the power converter. The second transistor is coupled to control the first transistor and the third transistor in response to a control signal. The resistive device provides a bias voltage to turn on the third transistor and the first transistor when the second transistor is turned off. Once the second transistor is turned on, the third transistor is turned off and the first transistor is negative biased.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a traditional start up circuit for power converters;
FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of a start up circuit for power converters according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a preferred voltage-to-current curve of a transistor with a negative-threshold voltage according the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the current flow as the start up circuit is turned on according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the current flow as the start up circuit is turned off according to the present invention; and
FIG. 6 shows a circuit diagram of another preferred embodiment of the start up circuit for power converters according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows a circuit diagram of another preferred embodiment of the start up circuit for power converters according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a start up circuit according to the present invention. It comprises a first transistor 20, a second transistor 50, a third transistor 25, a resistive device 30, and a diode 90. The first transistor 20 has a negative-threshold voltage, and therefore the first transistor 20 is a negative-threshold voltage device. Transistors 25 and 50 are positive-threshold voltage devices. The first transistor 20 has a first terminal, a second terminal and a third terminal. The first terminal of the first transistor 20 is connected to input a voltage source VIN. The third transistor 25 is connected in serial with the first transistor 20 to output a voltage VD in response to the voltage source VIN to provide a supply voltage to the control circuit 10 of the power converter. A drain terminal of the third transistor 25 is connected to the second terminal of the first transistor 20. A source terminal of the third transistor 25 is coupled to the control circuit 10.
In order to turn on the first transistor 20 and the third transistor 25, the resistive device 30 is connected from the third terminal of the first transistor 20 to the second terminal of the first transistor 20. Additionally, the resistive device 30 is connected between the drain terminal and a gate terminal of the third transistor 25. The resistive device 30 therefore provides a bias voltage to the first transistor 20 and the third transistor 25. The resistive device 30 can be implemented by a resistor 60 (shown in FIG. 4) or a transistor 65 (shown in FIG. 7). A terminal of a capacitor 70 is coupled to the control circuit 10. Another terminal of the capacitor 70 is coupled to the ground. A terminal of the diode 90 is coupled to the capacitor 70 and the control circuit 10. Another terminal of the diode 90 is coupled to a transformer winding 100 of the power converter. When the control circuit 10 starts to operate, a further supply voltage is provided from the transformer winding 100 to the control circuit 10 through the diode 90 and the capacitor 70. After that, the voltage source VIN will be turned off via the first transistor 20 and the third transistor 25 to save the power consumption.
A control signal SN is connected to an input terminal of the start up circuit to turn on the second transistor 50 for turning off the voltage source VIN. A gate terminal of the second transistor 50 is coupled to receive the control signal SN through an inverter 40. An input terminal of the inverter 40 is coupled to receive the control signal SN. An output terminal of the inverter 40 is coupled to the gate terminal of the second transistor 50. A source terminal of the second transistor 50 is coupled to the ground. A drain terminal of the second transistor 50 is connected to the gate terminal of the third transistor 25 and the third terminal of the first transistor 20. Therefore the resistive device 30 provides the bias voltage to turn on the third transistor 25 and the first transistor 20 when the second transistor 50 is turned off in response to the enabling state of the control signal SN.
Once the second transistor 50 is turned on after the control circuit 10 of the power converter starts to operate in response to the disabling state of the control signal SN, the third transistor 25 is turned off to disable the voltage source VIN to the control circuit 10. Meanwhile, the resistive device 30 will provide a negative bias to the first transistor 20 that the second transistor 50 provides the negative bias to the first transistor 20 through the resistive device 30. The first transistor 20 includes the negative-threshold voltage −VTH. FIG. 3 shows a preferred voltage-to-current curve of the first transistor 20. The current IJ is the current flowed through the first terminal and the second terminal of the first transistor 20. The voltage VJ is the voltage across the third terminal and the second terminal of the first transistor 20. The first transistor 20 is developed to operate as a voltage controlled resistance device. The current IJ is decreased in response to the decrease of the voltage VJ. When the voltage VJ is lower than the negative-threshold voltage −VTH, the first transistor 20 will be turned off.
FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 respectively show the on stage and off stage of a preferred start up circuit, in which a resistor 60 is operated as the resistive device 30. In FIG. 4, the second transistor 50 is turned off in response to the enabling state of the control signal SN. No current can be flowed through the resistor 60. The resistor 60 thus provides a zero bias to the voltage VJ of the first transistor 20. The resistor 60 further provides a same bias voltage between the gate terminal and the drain terminal of the third transistor 25. Therefore, both first transistor 20 and third transistor 25 are turned on. In FIG. 5, the second transistor 50 is turned on to switch off the third transistor 25 in response to the disabling state of the control signal SN. Meanwhile, the current flows through the second transistor 50 and the resistor 60 will provide the negative bias to the voltage VJ of the first transistor 20. At this moment, the increase of the current IJ provides further negative bias to the voltage VJ for turning off the first transistor 20 and prevents the increase of the current IJ. The circuit is operated as a negative feedback. Although there is still has a current flowed through the first transistor 20 when the third transistor 25 is turned off, the current is small and negligible. The first transistor 20 and the resistive device 30 are appropriate to be built into an integrated circuit. Therefore, the start up circuit shown in FIG. 2 can achieve the objective of this invention.
Furthermore, FIG. 6 shows another preferred embodiment of the start up circuit. The start up circuit does not include the third transistor 25 as shown in FIG. 2. The first transistor 20 coupled to receive the voltage source VIN for providing a supply voltage to the control circuit 10 of the power converter. Without the third transistor 25, a current will be flowed from the capacitor 70 to the second transistor 50 through the resistive device 30 when the second transistor 50 is turned on. Although the resistive device 30 will provide the negative bias to turn off the first transistor 20, the current outputted from the capacitor 70 causes a power loss. Therefore the resistive device 30 shown in FIG. 6 is required to have a high resistance to reduce the power consumption.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the structure of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the present invention covers modifications and variations of this invention provided they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.
Patent Grant
7764098
