The disclosure below relates to technology for acquiring a psychological state or a physical state of an animal, and especially relates to a state acquisition computer, a state acquisition method, and an information processing system for acquiring a psychological state or a physical state of an animal from an inter-beat interval.
Conventionally, technology for acquiring a psychological or physical state of an animal has been known. For example, a pulse wave diagnostic apparatus and a pulse wave diagnostic apparatus control method are disclosed in JP 5160586 B (PTL 1). According to PTL 1, a pulse wave diagnostic apparatus is provided that includes a photoelectric pulse wave detecting unit configured to receive light transmitted through an artery or light scattered at the artery to detect a pulse wave, a pulse wave amplitude Poincare calculation unit configured to calculate a pulse wave amplitude for each pulse of a pulse wave detected by the photoelectric pulse wave detecting unit to calculate a point of the pulse wave amplitude on an orthogonal coordinate plane formed by the two sequentially calculated pulse wave amplitudes as Poincare coordinates for each pulse, and a pulse wave amplitude distribution calculation unit configured to calculate a variation width between a maximum point and a minimum point of the Poincare coordinates of the pulse wave amplitudes calculated by the pulse wave amplitude Poincare calculation unit, in which the pulse wave amplitude distribution calculation unit calculates a variation width between a maximum point and a minimum point in a range defined by two straight lines represented by Y=X+a, and Y=X−a on the Poincare coordinates of the pulse wave amplitudes calculated by the pulse wave amplitude Poincare calculation unit.
PTL 1: JP 5160586 B
Technology has been required in which a psychological or physical state of an animal can be recognized more precisely or efficiently than the conventional technology. The present disclosure is made to solve the problem, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a state acquisition computer, a state acquisition method, and an information processing system that can recognize a psychological state or a physical state of an animal more precisely or efficiently than the conventional technology.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a state acquisition computer is provided that includes an interface configured to acquire data for indicating an inter-beat interval of an animal, and a processor configured to convert a Poincare plot of inter-beat intervals into a prescribed coordinate system, and based on a standard deviation of the Poincare plot after conversion, acquire information indicating a psychological state or a physical state of the animal.
Preferably, the processor is configured to acquire the information indicating the psychological state or the physical state of the animal, based on a product of standard deviations of at least two axes of the Poincare plot.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a state acquisition computer is provided that includes an interface configured to acquire data for indicating an inter-beat interval of an animal, and a processor configured to acquire information indicating a psychological state or a physical state of the animal, based on an average of distances between two sequential plots of a Poincare plot of inter-beat intervals.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a state acquisition computer is provided that includes an interface configured to acquire data for indicating an inter-beat interval of an animal, and a processor configured to acquire information indicating a psychological state or a physical state of the animal, based on an amount or a percentage of plots in a center portion of a Poincare plot of inter-beat intervals.
Preferably, the state acquisition computer further includes a memory configured to store a numerical value range corresponding to each of a plurality of types of psychological states or physical states. The processor is configured to identify a psychological state or a physical state of the animal by referring to the numerical value range, based on the standard deviation, the average, or the amount or percentage of the plots.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a state acquisition computer is provided that includes an interface configured to acquire data for indicating an inter-beat interval of an animal, and a processor configured to acquire information indicating a psychological state or a physical state of the animal by generating a histogram of the inter-beat intervals.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a state acquisition computer is provided that includes an interface configured to acquire data for indicating an inter-beat interval of an animal, and a processor configured to acquire information indicating a psychological state or a physical state of the animal by generating a trajectory of a Poincare plot of the inter-beat intervals.
Preferably, the state acquisition computer further includes a memory configured to store data related to a histogram or a trajectory of a Poincare plot corresponding to each of a plurality of types of psychological states or physical states. The processor is configured to identify a psychological state or a physical state of an animal by referring to the data, based on the histogram generated or the trajectory of the Poincare plot generated.
Preferably, the processor is configured to acquire the psychological state or the physical state of the animal by using a plurality of methods among the above methods for acquiring the information indicating the psychological state or the physical state of the animal.
Preferably, an animal being a target has a respiratory sinus arrhythmia.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a state acquisition method of a psychological state or a physical state of an animal by using a computer including a processor is provided. The state acquisition method is provided that includes a step for acquiring data for indicating an inter-beat interval of an animal, a step for converting a Poincare plot of inter-beat intervals into a prescribed coordinate system, a step for calculating a standard deviation of the Poincare plot after conversion, and a step for acquiring information indicating a psychological state or a physical state of the animal, based on the standard deviation.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a state acquisition method of a psychological state or a physical state of an animal by using a computer including a processor is provided. The state acquisition method includes a step for acquiring data for indicating an inter-beat interval of an animal, a step for calculating an average of distances between two sequential plots of a Poincare plot of the inter-beat intervals, and a step for acquiring information indicating a psychological state or a physical state of the animal, based on the average.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a state acquisition method of a psychological state or a physical state of an animal by using a computer including a processor is provided. The state acquisition method includes a step for acquiring data for indicating an inter-beat interval of an animal, a step for generating a histogram of the inter-beat intervals, and a step for acquiring information indicating a psychological state or a physical state of the animal, based on the histogram.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a state acquisition method of a psychological state or a physical state of an animal by using a computer including a processor is provided. The state acquisition method includes a step for acquiring data for indicating an inter-beat interval of an animal, a step for generating a trajectory of a Poincare plot of the inter-beat intervals, and a step for acquiring information indicating a psychological state or a physical state of the animal, based on the trajectory.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a state acquisition method of a psychological state or a physical state of an animal by using a computer including a processor is provided. The state acquisition method includes a step for acquiring data for indicating an inter-beat interval of an animal, and a step for acquiring information indicating a psychological state or a physical state of the animal, based on an amount of plots in a center portion of a Poincare plot of inter-beat intervals.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an information processing system is provided that includes an output device, a sensor configured to detect a pulsation of an animal, and a computer configured to acquire data for indicating an inter-beat interval of the animal from the sensor, convert a Poincare plot of inter-beat intervals into a prescribed coordinate system, acquire information indicating a psychological state or a physical state of the animal based on a standard deviation of the Poincare plot after conversion, and cause the output device to output the information.
As described above, the present disclosure provides a state acquisition computer, a state acquisition method, and an information processing system that can recognize a psychological state or a physical state of an animal more precisely or efficiently than the conventional technology.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to drawings. In descriptions below, identical components are denoted by an identical reference sign. The identical components have an identical name and function. Therefore, descriptions thereof will not be repeated.
First, with reference to
The state acquisition system 1 according to the present embodiment mainly includes electrodes 401, 402, 403 that can be attached to the chest region of a dog, and is configured to acquire electrocardilgram, a signal processing apparatus 500 configured to process an electrocardiographic signal, and a communication terminal 300 that can communicate with the signal processing apparatus 500.
The electrodes 401, 402, 403 for acquiring the electrocardilgram are preferably attached to a position where the heart region is interposed on the chest region or the like, and may be attached to a hairless location such as a paw pad on both front feet (or a front foot and a hind foot), for example. Additionally, it is preferable that a dog be in a sheared state, gel or the like be adhered to the electrodes, or the electrodes have a protruding structure and have a configuration that contacts with skin even when the skin has hair. Alternatively, in a state where the skin has hair, a configuration is preferable in which the electrocardilgram is induced via a capacitive material in a non-contact manner. Accordingly, even in a case of an animal having surface skin covered with hair such as a dog, the electrocardilgram can be acquired. In the present embodiment, a configuration is adopted in which three electrodes 401, 402, 403 are used, but it is sufficient that at least two electrodes are used, or a configuration may be adopted in which more electrodes are used.
Next, with reference to
First, a configuration of the signal processing apparatus 500 in the state acquisition system 1 will be described. The signal processing apparatus 500 includes a electrocardilgram preprocessing unit 511, an inter-beat interval calculation unit 512, and a transmission unit 560.
The electrocardilgram preprocessing unit 511 includes a filter and an amplifier. The electrocardilgram preprocessing unit 511 converts an electrocardiographic signal transmitted from the electrodes 401, 402, 403 into pulsation data, and delivers the pulsation data to the inter-beat interval calculation unit 512.
More particularly, the electrocardilgram preprocessing unit 511 includes a filter device such as a high pass filter and a low pass filter, an amplification device formed of an operational amplifier and the like, an A/D conversion device configured to convert an analog signal of the electrocardilgram to a digital signal, and the like. Note that a configuration may be adopted in which the filter device, the amplification device, or the like is implemented by software. Moreover, the A/D conversion device preferably performs sampling in a period and with accuracy in which a difference between fluctuation amounts of the inter-beat intervals can be determined. That is, the A/D conversion frequency is preferably equal to 25 Hz or higher. For example, in the present embodiment, the electrocardiographic signal is sampled with 100 Hz. Increasing a sampling frequency enables the fluctuation amount of the inter-beat intervals to be precisely recognized.
The inter-beat interval calculation unit 512 is, for example, realized by a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 510 executing programs stored in a memory. The inter-beat interval calculation unit 512 sequentially calculates inter-beat intervals based on the pulsation data. More particularly, the inter-beat interval calculation unit 512 detects a peak signal (R wave) of the electrocardilgram by a method such as threshold value detection, and calculates a period (time) between the peak signals of the respective electrocardilgram. As a calculation method of the inter-beat interval, other than the above method, a method deriving a period by using an autocorrelation function or a method using a rectangular wave correlation trigger may be used.
In the present embodiment, the inter-beat interval calculation unit 512 sequentially executes calculation of the inter-beat intervals for sequentially inputted electrocardiographic signals. The inter-beat interval calculation unit 512 transmits the calculated inter-beat interval and the pulsation data themselves to the communication terminal 300 via the transmission unit 560. Note that the transmission unit 560 is realized by a communication interface including an antenna, a connector, or the like.
Next, a configuration of the communication terminal 300 will be described. The communication terminal 300 includes a reception unit 361, an inter-beat interval storage memory 321, a statistical processing unit 311, a Poincare plot generation unit 312, a result output unit 313, a display 330, a data storage memory 322, and a transmission unit 362.
First, the reception unit 361 and the transmission unit 362 are realized by a communication interface 360 including an antenna, a connector, or the like. The reception unit 361 receives data indicating the inter-beat interval from the signal processing apparatus 500 (step S102).
The inter-beat interval storage memory 321 is formed of various types of memories 320 and stores the data received from the signal processing apparatus 500. In the present embodiment, a CPU 310 sequentially stores the inter-beat intervals received via the communication interface 360 as an inter-beat interval table in the memory 320 (step S104). However, these data may be stored in the memory 320 of the communication terminal 300, or in other apparatuses that can be accessed from the communication terminal 300.
For example, the CPU 310 executes a program in the memory 320, so that the statistical processing unit 311, the Poincare plot generation unit 312, and the result output unit 313 are realized. The statistical processing unit 311 reads the inter-beat interval data from the inter-beat interval storage memory 321 at a fixed time unit, such as a minute, 10 minutes, or an hour, which is a time unit required for determining a state, for example, and generates a table 321A indicating correspondence relation between an inter-beat interval R-R (n) and the following inter-beat interval R-R (n+1), as shown in
As shown in
The statistical processing unit 311 calculates a standard deviation related to numerical series forming each axis after axis conversion (step S110). Note that the statistical processing unit 311 may calculate only a standard deviation related to a Y=X axis, only a standard deviation related to an axis perpendicular to the Y=X axis, or both the standard deviations.
Note that the statistical processing unit 311 may determine an axis in which a spread is maximum by using a method such as main component analysis to calculate standard deviations related to the axis and an axis perpendicular to the first-mentioned axis. Further, the statistical processing unit 311 may calculate standard deviations related to an X axis and a Y axis without performing the axis conversion. When directions in which spreads are large are an X axis direction and a Y direction, a variation state of the inter-beat intervals plotted by a Poincare plot can be evaluated by calculating the standard deviations related to the X axis and the Y axis without performing the axis conversion. In this case, a calculation amount can be reduced because the axis conversion is unnecessary.
The result output unit 313 allows an output device of itself or an external output device, such as the display 330 or a speaker, to display a standard deviation or output an audio message (step S114). Note that, to be specific, the result output unit 313 may output only a standard deviation related to a Y=X axis, only a standard deviation related to an axis perpendicular to the Y=X axis, both the standard deviations, only a larger one, or a smaller one.
By calculating a standard deviation, a variation state of the inter-beat intervals plotted by a Poincare plot with each of an inter-beat interval R-R (n) and the following inter-beat interval R-R (n+1) used as an axis can be evaluated.
Note that, as shown in
In the present embodiment, apart from the step S108, at the same time, the Poincare plot generation unit 312 acquires data of the inter-beat intervals R-R (n) and the following inter-beat intervals R-R (n+1) in a range that has been used in the standard deviation calculation from the correspondence relation table shown in
Additionally, the result output unit 313 allows an output device of itself or an external output device such as a display to display the generated Poincare plot diagram. Note that the Poincare plot generation unit 312 may utilize the result in the step S108 to generate and output the Poincare plot diagram after the axis conversion.
Hereinafter, the Poincare plot diagram will be described.
First, in a case of an animal having a respiratory sinus arrhythmia, such as a dog, in an excited state as in
In addition, in a normal state in which breathing is stable as in
Additionally, in a normal state as in
Further, in a rest state as in
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the degree of the distribution spread of the plot points of the Poincare plot, the size, the shape, and whether the number of the plot points in the center portion is large or small, can be indirectly estimated based on a calculation result, and as a result, a psychological state or a physical state of an animal can be estimated.
In the first embodiment, the communication terminal 300 outputs the standard deviation along the Y=X axis or the standard deviation along the axis perpendicular to the Y=X axis, of the Poincare plot. However, in the present embodiment, a product of these two standard deviations is calculated. With reference to
The CPU 310 as the statistical processing unit 311 calculates a standard deviation related to each axis after the axis conversion (step S210). Note that the statistical processing unit 311 may determine an axis in which a spread is maximum to calculate standard deviations related to the axis and an axis perpendicular to the first-mentioned axis.
Additionally, the statistical processing unit 311 calculates the product of these two standard deviations (step S212).
The result output unit 313 allows, for example, an output device of itself or an external output device, such as a display or a speaker, to display a product of standard deviations or output an audio message (step S214). More particularly, the result output unit 313 may output a standard deviation related to the Y=X axis, a standard deviation related to the axis perpendicular to the Y=X axis, and a product of both the standard deviations.
By calculating a product of standard deviations, as for a distribution spread of the inter-beat intervals plotted by a Poincare plot with each of an inter-beat interval R-R (n) and the following inter-beat interval R-R (n+1) used as an axis, a variation state, that is, a size and a shape of the spread, whether the plot points are uniformly distributed, whether a blank exists in a center portion, or the like can be evaluated. Moreover, even in a state where an aspect ratio is identical but only the size changes, or even in a case where a distribution spread area is identical but the variation state is different, the variation state can be efficiently evaluated.
In this case, the result output unit 313 stores a standard deviation, a product of the standard deviations, a correspondence relation table, or the like in the data storage memory 322, and uses the transmission unit 362 to perform transmission to the server 100 via the Internet. With this, the output result this time can be utilized to recognize a short-term or long-term stress state of an observation target.
Also in the present embodiment, the CPU 310 as the Poincare plot generation unit 312 may generate Poincare plot diagrams as shown in
Note that, in the present embodiment, although the statistical processing unit 311 calculates a product of standard deviations related to two axes, a product of standard deviations related to three or more axes may be calculated.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the degree of the distribution spread of the plot points of the Poincare plot, the size, the shape, and whether the number of the plot points in the center portion is large or small, can be indirectly estimated based on a calculation result, and as a result, a psychological state or a physical state of an animal can be estimated.
In the first embodiment, the communication terminal 300 outputs the standard deviation related to the Y=X axis or the standard deviation related to the axis perpendicular to the Y=X axis, of the Poincare plot. However, in the present embodiment, a standard deviation related to an X axis or a Y axis of a Poincare plot before axis conversion or a product of standard deviations is calculated. With reference to
The statistical processing unit 311 reads the inter-beat interval data from the inter-beat interval storage memory 321 at a fixed time unit, such as a minute, 10 minutes, or an hour, which is a time unit required for determining a state, for example, and generates a relation table between an inter-beat interval R-R (n) and the following inter-beat interval R-R (n+1) (step S306).
The statistical processing unit 311 calculates a standard deviation related to the X axis and a standard deviation related to the Y axis (step S310).
Additionally, the statistical processing unit 311 calculates the product of these two standard deviations (step S312).
The CPU 310 as the result output unit 313 allows, for example, an output device, such as a display or a speaker, to display a product of standard deviations or output an audio message (step S314). More particularly, the result output unit 313 may output a standard deviation related to the X axis, a standard deviation related to the Y axis, and a product of both the standard deviations.
By calculating a product of standard deviations, a variation state of the inter-beat intervals plotted by a Poincare plot with each of an inter-beat interval R-R (n) and the following inter-beat interval R-R (n+1) used as an axis can be evaluated.
Note that, also in the present embodiment, the CPU 310 as the result output unit 313 stores a standard deviation, a product of the standard deviations, a correspondence relation table, or the like in the data storage memory 322, and uses the transmission unit 362 to perform transmission to the server 100 via the Internet. With this, the output result this time can be utilized to recognize a short-term or long-term stress state of an observation target.
Also in the present embodiment, the CPU 310 as the Poincare plot generation unit 312 may generate Poincare plot diagrams as shown in
Note that, the excited state, a first normal state (a normal and stable breathing state), a second normal state, and the rest state in the first embodiment to the third embodiment can be used as an index indicating a stress state. These states correlate with LF/HF analysis of the inter-beat interval. In the state in
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the degree of the distribution spread of the Poincare plot, the size, the shape, and whether the number of the plot points in the center portion is large or small, can be estimated based on a calculation result, and as a result, a psychological state or a physical state of an animal can be estimated.
In the first embodiment to the third embodiment, the communication terminal 300 outputs the standard deviation or the product of the standard deviations of the Poincare plot. However, in the present embodiment, an average of distances between two sequential plots of the Poincare plot is calculated. With reference to
The CPU 310 as the statistical processing unit 311 calculates distances from [R-R (n), R-R (n+1)] to the following [R-R (n), R-R (n+1)] in a certain period, and stores the distance table 321B as shown in
The CPU 310 as the result output unit 313 allows, for example, an output device, such as a display or a speaker, to display the average of the distances or output an audio message (step S412).
Since the distances between the respective points are different due to the distribution state of the Poincare plot, calculating the average can allow the shape of the Poincare plot to be reflected. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the degree of the distribution spread of the Poincare plot, the size, the shape, and whether the number of the plot points in the center portion is large or small, can be estimated based on a calculation result, and as a result, a psychological state or a physical state of an animal can be estimated.
In the first embodiment to the fourth embodiment, the communication terminal 300 outputs the Poincare plot itself, the standard deviation, the product of the standard deviations, the average of the distances, or the like. However, in the present embodiment, based on these numerical values, a state of an animal is also determined.
First, with reference to
The communication terminal 300 includes a state determination unit 314, compared with the communication terminal 300 according to the first embodiment to the fourth embodiment. For example, the CPU 310 executes a program in the memory 320, so that the state determination unit 314 is realized.
The memory 320 in the communication terminal 300 stores a numerical value range and model feature data for each state of an animal. For example, the memory 320 stores a numerical value range or a threshold value of the standard deviation for each state. Alternatively, the memory 320 stores a numerical value range or a threshold value of the product of the standard deviations for each state. Alternatively, the memory stores a numerical value range or a threshold value of the average of the distances for each state. Alternatively, the memory 320 stores a model shape of the Poincare plot of each state.
With reference to
The statistical processing unit 311 calculates the standard deviation, the product of the standard deviations, the average of the distances, or the like (step S510). Note that, here, the Poincare plot generation unit 312 may generate the Poincare plot.
Next, the CPU 310 as the state determination unit 314 determines the numerical value range corresponding to the state within which the standard deviation from the statistical processing unit 311 falls (step S512). Alternatively, the state determination unit 314 determines the numerical value range corresponding to the state within which the product of the standard deviations from the statistical processing unit 311 falls. Alternatively, the state determination unit 314 determines the numerical value range corresponding to the state within which the average of the distances from the statistical processing unit 311 falls. The state determination unit 314 determines the model shape of the Poincare plot corresponding to the state to which the Poincare plot shape from the statistical processing unit 311 or the Poincare plot generation unit 312 is similar.
For example, the memory 320 as the data storage memory 322 stores data, smaller than 5.0×104 in the excited state, equal to or larger than 5.0×104 and smaller than 1.0×105 in the first normal state, equal to or larger than 1.0×105 and smaller than 1.4×105 in the second normal state, and equal to or larger than 1.4×105 in the rest state, as the numerical value ranges of the product of the standard deviations. Moreover, the state determination unit 314 determines the state based on the data.
Alternatively, the memory 320 as the data storage memory 322 stores data, smaller than 4.0×102 in the excited state, equal to or larger than 4.0×102 and smaller than 5.0×102 in the first normal state, equal to or larger than 5.0×102 and smaller than 6.0×102 in the second normal state, and equal to or larger than 6.0×102 in the rest state, as the numerical value ranges of the average of the distances. Additionally, the state determination unit 314 determines the numerical value range corresponding to the state within which the calculation result from the statistical processing unit 311 falls.
The CPU 310 as the result output unit 313 allows, for example, an output device, such as a display or a speaker, to display the standard deviation, the product of the standard deviations, the average of the distances, the Poincare plot graph itself, and the state of the animal as the determination result or output an audio message (step S514).
Note that the result output unit 313 stores the calculation result, the determination result, or the like in the data storage memory 322, and uses the transmission unit 362 to transmit the calculation result, the determination result, or the like to the server 100 via the Internet. With this, the output result this time can be utilized to recognize a short-term or long-term stress state of an observation target.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the degree of the distribution spread of the Poincare plot, the size, the shape, and whether the number of the plot points in the center portion is large or small, can be estimated based on the calculation result, and as a result, a psychological state or a physical state of an animal can be estimated. That is, as for an animal, due to a psychological state (excitement, anger, delight, sadness, fun, stress state, stress-free state), a variation state of inter-beat intervals changes. In addition, also as for change of a physical state (due to exercise, body motion, sleep, rest, disease, pain), a variation state of inter-beat intervals changes. The change of these state can be estimated. Recognizing the state change enables mutual understanding or communication support between an animal and a human, training, exercise load adjustment, or the like. Further, detecting the change in the psychological state or the physical state due to disease can be useful for treatment or disease observation.
Note that, in
In the first embodiment to the sixth embodiment, the Poincare plot is mainly used for determining the state of the animal. In the present embodiment, the histogram of the inter-beat intervals is used for determining the state of the animal.
First, with reference to
The communication terminal 300 includes a histogram generation unit 315, instead of the Poincare plot generation unit 312, compared with the communication terminal 300 according to the fifth embodiment. For example, the CPU 310 executes a program in the memory 320, so that the histogram generation unit 315 is realized.
The memory 320 in the communication terminal 300 stores histogram model data or the like for each state of the animal.
With reference to
The CPU 310 as the statistical processing unit 311 reads the inter-beat interval data from the inter-beat interval storage memory 321 at a fixed time unit, such as a minute, 10 minutes, or an hour, which is a time unit required for determining a state, for example, and generates a histogram indicating relation between the inter-beat interval and its frequency, as shown in
Next, the CPU 310 as the state determination unit 314 determines the state corresponding to the histogram model shape to which a shape of the histogram from the histogram generation unit 315 is similar (step S712).
The CPU 310 as the result output unit 313 allows, for example, an output device, such as a display or a speaker, to display the histogram itself and/or the state of the animal as the determination result, or output an audio message (step S714).
Note that the result output unit 313 stores the calculation result, the determination result, or the like in the data storage memory 322, and uses the transmission unit 362 to transmit the calculation result, the determination result, or the like to the server 100 via the Internet. With this, the output result this time can be utilized to recognize a short-term or long-term stress state of an observation target.
For example, in a case of a dog, in the excited state, as shown in
The state determination unit 314 distinguishes a model to which the shape of this histogram is similar, specifies the corresponding state, and thus determines the excited state, the first normal state, the second normal state, the rest state, or the like. For example, the state determination unit 314 detects the number of peaks by peak detection, and, by obtaining the half value width (spread of a skirt of the peak), determines spread degree of the distribution by using the threshold value. In this case, the memory 320 stores the numerical value range indicating the distribution spread of the histogram for each state.
Specifically, the state determination unit 314 determines the excited state in a case of one peak with the narrow half value width. The state determination unit 314 determines the second normal state in a case of one peak with the wide half value width. The state determination unit 314 determines the first normal state in a case of two peaks with the narrow half value widths. The state determination unit 314 determines the rest state in a case of two peaks with the wide half value widths.
Note that since these threshold values and numerical value ranges are possibly different depending on a type or an age of a dog, the settings are preferably changed in accordance with these conditions. For example, a configuration may be provided in which a user inputs a type, a gender, and an age of a dog, and then threshold values are set in accordance with the type, the gender and the age of the dog.
With this, the histogram is generated by counting the number of pulsations for each of lengths of the inter-beat intervals, and the state can be distinguished by using the distribution of the histogram. The calculation amount can be reduced before the state is distinguished. Additionally, in the present embodiment, the degree of the distribution spread of the Poincare plot, the size, the shape, and whether the number of the plot points in the center portion is large or small, can be estimated based on the calculation result, and as a result, a psychological state or a physical state of an animal can be estimated.
Alternatively, by using the trajectory of the Poincare plot, the state of the animal may be determined. In the present embodiment, the CPU 310 as the Poincare plot generation unit 312 in
Additionally, the memory 320 in the communication terminal 300 stores trajectory model data of the Poincare plot or the like for each state of the animal.
With reference to
As shown in
Next, the state determination unit 314 refers to the memory 320, and determines whether there is a trajectory model similar to the drawn trajectory of the Poincare plot or not by technology such as pattern recognition (step S812). In a case where the drawn trajectory of the Poincare plot is not similar to any trajectory model (in a case of NO in the step S812), the CPU 310 reads correspondence relation of the inter-beat intervals in another timing, and repeats the processing from the step S810 again.
In a case where there is a trajectory model similar to the drawn trajectory of the Poincare plot (in a case of YES in the step S812), the CPU 310 as the result output unit 313 allows, for example, an output device, such as a display or a speaker, to display the trajectory graph of the Poincare plot itself and/or the state of the animal as the determination result, or output an audio message (step S814).
Note that the CPU 310 as the result output unit 313 stores the calculation result, the determination result, or the like in the data storage memory 322, and uses the transmission unit 362 to transmit the calculation result, the determination result, or the like to the server 100 via the Internet. With this, the output result this time can be utilized to recognize a short-term or long-term stress state of an observation target.
For example, in a case of a dog, the trajectory shown in
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the degree of the distribution spread of the Poincare plot, the size, the shape, and whether the number of the plot points in the center portion is large or small, can be estimated based on the calculation result, and as a result, a psychological state or a physical state of an animal can be estimated.
In order to determine the rest state, it is sufficient that the state acquisition system 1 can determine whether there is an area where the number of the plots are small in the center portion of the plots in the graph of the Poincare plot or not, and as the determination method, a plurality of methods among the first embodiment to the eighth embodiment may be used, or a method different from the methods among the first embodiment to the eighth embodiment may be used. In other words, the state acquisition system 1 may determine the state of the animal in accordance with an amount or a percentage of the plots in the center portion among the entire plots in the graph of the Poincare plot.
For example, the state determination unit 314 may determine the rest state, in a case where the number of plots is only smaller than a first prescribed percentage to the total number of plots, within a distance from an average of all plots to the standard deviation multiplied by prescribed times with relation to each of two axes in the graph of the Poincare plot. Additionally, the state determination unit 314 may determine the normal state, in a case where the number of plots is only equal to or larger than the first prescribed percentage and smaller than a second prescribed percentage to the total number of plots, within the distance from the average of all plots to the standard deviation multiplied by prescribed times with relation to each of two axes in the graph of the Poincare plot. Additionally, the state determination unit 314 may determine the excited state, in a case where the number of plots is equal to or larger than the second prescribed percentage to the total number of plots, within the distance from the average of all plots to the standard deviation multiplied by prescribed times with relation to each of two axes in the graph of the Poincare plot.
Specifically, the state determination unit 314 may determine the rest state, in a case where the number of plots is only smaller than 10 percent to the total number of plots, within the distance from the average of all plots to the standard deviation multiplied by 0.5 with relation to each of two axes in the graph of the Poincare plot. In addition, the state determination unit 314 may determine the normal state, in a case where the number of plots is only equal to or larger than 10 percent and smaller than 30 percent to the total number of plots, within the distance from the average of all plots to the standard deviation multiplied by 0.5 with relation to each of two axes in the graph of the Poincare plot. In addition, the state determination unit 314 may determine the excited state, in a case where the number of plots is equal to or larger than 30 percent to the total number of plots, within the distance from the average of all plots to the standard deviation multiplied by 0.5 with relation to each of two axes in the graph of the Poincare plot.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the degree of the distribution spread of the Poincare plot, the size, the shape, and whether the number of the plot points in the center portion is large or small, can be estimated based on the calculation result, and as a result, a psychological state or a physical state of an animal can be estimated.
Alternatively, by using a plurality of methods among the first embodiment to the ninth embodiment, or a method different from the methods among the first embodiment to the ninth embodiment, the state of the animal may be determined. For example, as shown in
Alternatively, as shown in
Alternatively, as shown in
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the degree of the distribution spread of the Poincare plot, the size, the shape, and whether the number of the plot points in the center portion is large or small, can be estimated based on the calculation result, and as a result, a psychological state or a physical state of an animal can be estimated.
Moreover, it is preferable that a user input an actual current state of the animal, and then numerical value ranges and threshold values for determining the state be revised by new data. In other words, since the user inputs a correct answer about the state due to individual difference of a dog, the CPU 310 can adjust the threshold values for the determination, and this can enhance accuracy so that the output in which the user does not recognize incongruity can be performed.
With reference to
The communication terminal 300 according to the present embodiment includes a state determination reference generation unit 316, and a state input unit 340, compared with the communication terminal 300 according to the fifth embodiment. For example, the CPU 310 executes a program in the memory 320, so that the state determination reference generation unit 316 is realized. The state input unit 340 is realized by a switch, a keyboard, a touch panel, or the like, and delivers an operation instruction from the user to the state determination reference generation unit 316 or the like in the CPU 310.
When the user inputs a current state of the target animal to the state input unit 340, the state determination reference generation unit 316 determines whether the current state of the animal input by the user matches the determination result by the state determination unit 314 or not. In a case where the current state of the animal input by the user does not match the determination result by the state determination unit 314, the state determination reference generation unit 316 revises the numerical value ranges or the threshold values for determining the state so that the determination result by the state determination unit 314 comes close to the inputted state.
Thus, the state acquisition system 1 according to the present embodiment can enhance accuracy of the state determination.
In the first embodiment to the eleventh embodiment, although the inter-beat intervals are calculated by using the electrodes 401, 402, 403 for acquiring the electrocardilgram, a configuration is not limited thereto. For example, a pulse wave signal may be acquired by a photoelectric pulse wave type sphygmograph or pulse oxymeter, and the inter-beat interval may be calculated from the pulse wave signal. In this case, it is preferable that a measurement part of the pulse wave be a part on which the skin is exposed, such as the tongue and the ear. Additionally, a heart sound signal may be acquired by an electronic stethoscope or the like, and the inter-beat interval may be calculated from the heart wave signal. In these cases, the measurement by a method that does not use an electrode can be performed. By using a pulse wave acquisition sensor such as a microwave Doppler sensor, a pulse wave signal may be acquired and the inter-beat interval may be calculated by the pulse wave signal. For example, a configuration can be conceived in which a microwave transmission apparatus is installed on a ceiling or the like, and a pulse wave of an animal such as a dog is acquired in a non-contact manner. In this case, measurement in the non-contact manner can be performed, and has an effect in which loads on a subject are further reduced.
In the state acquisition system 1 according to the first embodiment to the twelfth embodiment, the signal processing apparatus 500 acquires the inter-beat interval based on the electrocardiographic signal from the electrodes 401, 402, 403, and the communication terminal 300 calculates and outputs information for determining the state of the animal from the inter-beat interval or information related to the determination result about the state of the animal. However, all or part of the roles of one of these apparatuses may be played by another apparatus, or may be shared by a plurality of apparatuses. Conversely, all or part of the roles of the plurality of apparatuses may be played by an apparatus, and may be played by another apparatus.
For example, as shown in
Note that, in this case, naturally, the reception unit 161 and the transmission unit 162 in the server 100 are realized by the communication interface 160 in the server 100. Additionally, the inter-beat interval storage memory 121 and the data storage memory 122 are realized by the memory 120 in the server 100 or another apparatus that can be accessed by the server 100. The CPU 110 executes a program in the memory 120, so that the statistical processing unit 111, the Poincare plot generation unit 112, and the result output unit 113 are realized.
Alternatively, as shown in
Note that, in this case, naturally, the reception unit 161 and the transmission unit 162 in the server 100 are realized by the communication interface 160 in the server 100. Additionally, the inter-beat interval storage memory 121 and the data storage memory 122 are realized by the memory 120 in the server 100 or another apparatus that can be accessed by the server 100. The CPU 110 executes a program in the memory 120, so that the statistical processing unit 111, the Poincare plot generation unit 112, and the result output unit 113 are realized.
Alternatively, as shown in
Alternatively, as shown in
In addition to the functions of the state acquisition system 1 according to the first embodiment to the thirteenth embodiment, the state acquisition system 1 may further include the following functions. For example, as shown in
Additionally, as shown in
More particularly, in the present embodiment, the CPU 310 that realizes the statistical processing unit 311, the result output unit 313, and the like according to the first embodiment to the thirteenth embodiment, executes processing shown in
Additionally, the state acquisition system 1 according to the present embodiment may or may not include the Poincare plot generation unit 312 shown in
With reference to
The inter-beat interval storage memory 321 is formed of various types of memories 320 and stores the data received from the signal processing apparatus 500. In the present embodiment, the CPU 310 sequentially stores the inter-beat intervals received via the communication interface 360 as an inter-beat interval table in the memory 320 (step S1104). However, these data may be stored in the memory 320 of the communication terminal 300, or in other apparatuses that can be accessed from the communication terminal 300.
For example, the CPU 310 executes a program in the memory 320, so that the statistical processing unit 311, and the result output unit 313 are realized. The statistical processing unit 311 reads the inter-beat interval data from the inter-beat interval storage memory 321 at a fixed time unit, and generates the table 321A indicating correspondence relation between an inter-beat interval R-R (n) and the following inter-beat interval R-R (n+1), as shown in
As shown in
The statistical processing unit 311 calculates a standard deviation and a product of the standard deviations related to numerical series forming each axis after the axis conversion (step S1110). Note that the statistical processing unit 311 may calculate only a standard deviation related to a Y=X axis, only a standard deviation related to an axis perpendicular to the Y=X axis, or both the standard deviations.
The statistical processing unit 311 stores the product of the standard deviations this time after the axis conversion in the storage memory 322 (step S1112). The statistical processing unit 311, in a case where a second prescribed time, for example, 20 minutes, or 24 hours, has not passed (in a case of NO in a step S1118), repeats the processing from the step S1102.
The statistical processing unit 311, in a case where the second prescribed time has passed (in a case of YES in the step S1118), calculates a mean value and variation (standard deviation) of the products of the standard deviations for the second prescribed time (step S1120).
The result output unit 313 allows an output device of itself or an external output device, such as the display 330 or a speaker, to display a result image, text, or output an audio message (step S1122). More particularly, the result output unit 313, based on the stored data in the step 1112, outputs and renews a time series graph of the products of the standard deviations of the Poincare plot after the axis conversion, as shown in
More particularly, as shown in
Alternatively, the CPU 310 may execute the processing shown in
The inter-beat interval storage memory 321 is formed of various types of memories 320 and stores the data received from the signal processing apparatus 500. In the present embodiment, in a case where the first prescribed time, for example, 20 minutes, an hour, or 24 hours, has passed (in a case of YES in a step S1204) the CPU 310 sequentially stores the inter-beat intervals received via the communication interface 360 as an inter-beat interval table in the memory 320 (step S1206). However, these data may be stored in the memory 320 of the communication terminal 300, or in other apparatuses that can be accessed from the communication terminal 300.
The statistical processing unit 311 reads the inter-beat interval data from the inter-beat interval storage memory 321 at a fixed time unit, and generates the table 321A indicating correspondence relation between an inter-beat interval R-R (n) and the following inter-beat interval R-R (n+1), as shown in
As shown in
The statistical processing unit 311 calculates a standard deviation and a product of the standard deviations related to numerical series forming each axis after the axis conversion (step S1212). The statistical processing unit 311 stores the product of the standard deviations this time after the axis conversion in the storage memory 322 (step S1214).
The statistical processing unit 311, calculates a mean value and variation (standard deviation) of the products of the standard deviations for the first prescribed time (step S1220).
The result output unit 313 allows, for example, an output device of itself or an external output device, such as the display 330 or a speaker, to output an image, text or an audio message related to a result (step S1222). More particularly, the result output unit 313, based on the stored data in the step 1112, outputs and renews a time series graph of the products of the standard deviations of the Poincare plot after the axis conversion as shown in
Further, the statistical processing unit 311 may execute processing shown in
The result output unit 313 allows, for example, an output device of itself or an external output device, such as the display 330 or a speaker, to output an image, text or an audio message related to a result (step S1308). For example, the result output unit 313, as shown in
Here, although the example is described in which specific time is designated as comparison targets, the comparison target is not limited thereto. For example, data acquired in any term and any time period may be averaged and compared, such as comparison of a mean value of data every eight o'clock in the morning and a mean value of data every eight o'clock at night for a week, and comparison of a mean value of data for a month and a mean value of data for another month. Additionally, the comparison targets are not limited to two terms, and every prescribed time, for example, every two hours, a mean value for the prescribed time may be calculated, and the transition may be output as a graph.
Further, the statistical processing unit 311 may execute processing shown in
This can reduce variation due to an individual difference or time, and compare a change rate of numerical values before and after the prescribed time.
As shown in
In the above descriptions, although the processing for performing the “Poincare plot” and the processing for performing the “axis conversion after the Poincare plot processing” are described, these processes should not be limited to cases where the CPU in each of the communication terminal 300, the server 100, and the signal processing apparatus 500 actually prints or displays a Poincare plot image in a paper medium or a display. These processes have a concept including processing in which a CPU stores and expands data substantially indicating the Poincare plot in a memory. Additionally, although the “Poincare plot” is also referred to as a “Lorenz plot”, the Poincare plot means plotting on two orthogonal axes with a point at a time n and a point at the following time n+1 made as the respective axes, and is not restricted by the term “Poincare plot.”
Needless to say, this disclosure can be adapted in a case where this disclosure is achieved by supplying a program to a system or an apparatus. Moreover, the effect of this disclosure can be achieved by supplying a storage medium (or memory) that stores a program expressed by a software for achieving this disclosure to a system or an apparatus so that a computer (or a CPU or MPU) in the system or the apparatus reads and executes program codes stored in the storage medium.
In this case, the program codes themselves read from the storage medium enable the functions of the embodiments, and the storage medium that stores the program codes configures this disclosure.
Moreover, needless to say, cases are included in which not only the functions of the above-described embodiments are enabled by executing the program codes read by the computer, but also, based on instructions of the program codes, an Operating System (OS) or the like operating on the computer performs all or part of actual processing, and by the processing, the above-described embodiments are enabled.
Furthermore, needless to say, cases are included in which after the program codes read from the storage medium are written in a feature expansion board inserted in a computer or another storage medium included in a feature expansion unit connected to a computer, based on instructions of the program codes, a CPU or the like included in the feature expansion board or the feature expansion unit performs all or part of actual processing, and by the processing, the above-described embodiments are enabled.
The embodiments disclosed here are to be understood as being in all ways exemplary and in no ways limiting. The scope of the disclosure is defined not by the foregoing descriptions but by the appended claims, and is intended to include all changes equivalent in meaning and scope to the claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2016-182682 | Sep 2016 | JP | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2017/002738 | 1/26/2017 | WO | 00 |