BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of a prior art disc chipper apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a disc chipper apparatus made in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the feed spout of the disc chipper apparatus of FIG. 2, including a bedknife made in accordance with a preferred embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a disc side view of the bedknife partially shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a disc side perspective view of the bedknife of FIGS. 3 and 4;
FIG. 6 is a partial side elevational view of the disc chipper apparatus, herein depicting the cutting action of the bedknife of FIGS. 3-5, including an integral sliver trimmer feature thereof;
FIG. 7 is a partial side elevational view of a conventional chipper apparatus taken through the rotary disc of the apparatus, detailing the cutting action and formation of slivers; and
FIG. 8 illustrates the bedknife of FIGS. 3-5, as fitted within the chipper apparatus of FIGS. 2 and 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following relates to an exemplary embodiment of a stationary bedknife as used in a rotary wood chipping apparatus, hereinafter referred to throughout as disc chippers or chippers. It will be readily apparent that other modifications and variations are possible within the inventive ambits discussed herein. For example, the following discussion relates to the inclusion of the exemplary bedknife in a horizontal disc chipper. However, it will become immediately clear that other apparatus, e.g., gravity feed disc chippers, could similarly be utilized. Moreover, the presently described bedknife relates to a vertical bedknife (e.g., the cutting edge is disposed in a substantially vertical orientation). However, the inventive concepts described herein are not intended to be limited to this geometry. In addition, certain terms are used through the course of discussion in order to provide a frame of reference with regard to the accompanying drawings. These terms should not be regarded as overlimiting as to the recited claims, however, except where specifically indicated.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is first shown a well known disc chipper in accordance with the prior art. The chipper 10 includes a vertically disposed rotary disc 11 that is rotated upon a horizontal drive shaft 12. The shaft 12 is supported on a mount 13 in a suitable heavy-duty bearing 14. A motor (not shown) is used to rotate the disc 11, the disc being shielded by a cover 15, of which there is a lower fixed portion and a removable hood 17 covering an upper portion of the disc. The illustrated chipper 10 is of the shaft over spout design, having a feed spout or chute 18 that is disposed at an angle below the horizontal drive shaft 12. A log 19 or stick is shown in this view as advancing through the spout 18 and through a feed port 20 so that the end of the log is continuously held against the proximal cutting face of the disc 11.
The rotary disc 11 includes a predetermined number of radial cutting stations 21, each of the stations having an elongated knife assembly 22 situated adjacent a chip slot 23 that passes axially through the disc 11.
Referring briefly to FIG. 7, a stationary bedknife 25 is positioned at the trailing edge of the feed port 20 and is supported in a front frame 26 of the chipper 10. The bedknife 25 includes a distal edge that is spaced by a small clearance (e.g., 0.015-0.060 inches), for example, from a predetermined plane at which the cutting edges of the knife assemblies 22 are disposed.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 7, in operation and when the rotary disc 11 rotates across the feed port 20 of the spout 18 from a leading edge to a trailing edge thereof, the cutting knife assemblies 22 move past the stationary bedknife 25 at a high rate of speed. Chips 28 are rapidly cut from the face of the log 19. These chips 28 are directed into the associated chip slots 23, with the chips being passed out the distal or discharge side of the rotary disc 11, where they are exhausted into a discharge chute (not shown) and pass from the chipper 10.
Referring more specifically to FIG. 7, because the entering log 19 can be somewhat flexible as it passes through the spout 18, especially if the log is green, a long fillet or sliver 28 is ripped from the part of the log where the knife assemblies 22 are tangent to the log, i.e., where the blades leave the log 19. The incidence of slivers 28 increases when a considerable gap develops between the bedknife 25 and the knife edges 27. The slivers 28 can extend the entire length of the log 19, i.e., 25 to 50 feet. Often, these slivers 28 will become balled-up and can clog the machinery or size screening equipment downstream of the chipper 10. As the knives wear, the clearance or gap opens between the knife edges 27 and the bedknife 25, thereby increasing the sliver problem.
Normally, slivers 28 will proceed along a line that is parallel to the spout's projection onto the disc's face; i.e., in the direction normal to tangency where the knives leave the log. Because the wood is often very flexible and resilient, and because the wood grain extends lengthwise through sliver 28, the knife assemblies 22 do not cut through the sliver. The use of a peripheral sliver ring 24, also as shown in FIG. 1, assists in stopping the progress of slivers 28. This sliver ring 24, however, is provided at the outer periphery of the rotary disc 11 and therefore only acts to prevent slivers 28 from growing beyond a predetermined size. In addition, and when the cutting knives or the bedknife 25 becomes worn, the slivers 28 can be too large for the sliver ring 24 to be effective.
With the preceding provided as background material, FIG. 2 illustrates a disc chipper 50 that is made in accordance with a preferred embodiment. The disc chipper 50 is somewhat similar to the foregoing in that this chipper includes a rotary disc 52 having a plurality of cutting stations 53, each of the cutting stations including a knife assembly 54, shown in FIG. 6, extending from a proximal facing surface 55 of the disc. Like the preceding, the disc 52 is rotated about a drive shaft 56 that is supported on a mount 58 in heavy-duty bearings 60, the disc further including a plurality of spaced chip slots 57, also as in the preceding, at each cutting station 53, passing axially through the disc. A motor (not shown) rotates the disc 52, the disc being shielded by a cover 61, such as in the manner previously described.
In addition and also like the preceding, a feed chute or spout 62 is disposed beneath the horizontal drive shaft 56. The feed spout 62 is mounted in relation to a chipper frame 70 beneath the drive shaft 56 of the disc 52 and logs (not shown in this view) are horizontally introduced into the spout by means of a conveyor (not shown) through a feed port 66 for chipping.
A bedknife 80 in accordance with an exemplary aspect of the invention is mounted in stationary relation at the feed port 66, the latter being disposed at a distal end of the feed spout 62. The bedknife 80 is mounted within the chipper frame 70 such that a substantially vertical primary cutting edge 84 is disposed in relation to the plane through which the edges of the knife assemblies 54, FIG. 6, pass as the disc 52 is rotated.
Referring to FIGS. 4-6, the stationary bedknife 80 is defined by a unitary member made from steel or other suitable material. The bedknife 80 includes a plurality of surfaces defining a substantially cubic configuration, namely a front surface 88, a rear surface 91, a top surface 93, a bottom surface 95 and a pair of lateral surfaces 97, 99. The rear and top surfaces 91, 93 are substantially planar, wherein an angled surface 89 is formed between the lateral surface 97 and the front surface 88, this angled surface forming the primary cutting edge 84 of the bedknife at a distal edge thereof. The surface 89 extends angularly inward from the lateral surface 97 toward the front surface 88 and also forms a substantially horizontal base surface 100, the latter surface being aligned within the feed spout 62, FIG. 3, such that when mounted the front surface 88 of the bedknife 80 is parallel with the rotary disc 52. The horizontal base surface 100 is also angled in relation to the bottom surface 95 of the bedknife 80, wherein a small wedge is formed extending along the lower portion of the front surface 88 between the two lateral surfaces 97, 99.
Referring to FIGS. 4-6, a portion of the front surface 88 of the bedknife 80 is machined to create a recessed area 90 and to create a peripheral secondary cutting edge 92 extending along the edge of lateral surface 99, top surface 93 and also along a portion of the horizontal base surface 100 that acts to trim slivers that are produced by the cutting action. The functionality of the peripheral secondary cutting edge 92 and recessed area 90 is represented in FIG. 6 wherein a sliver, represented herein as 94, is passed into the recessed area 90 of the bedknife 80. The sliver 94 advances over the front surface 88 and is either drawn into the recessed area 90 where the sliver buckles (as shown in solid representation) and is trimmed or cut at the peripheral cutting edge 92 adjacent the lateral surface 99 or the top surface 93. Alternatively, the sliver 94 passes the front surface 88 and is drawn into the recessed area 90 where the sliver is curled upon itself (shown in phantom), the sliver then being cut into chips 96 at the plane of the cutting disc knives 54.
According to the present embodiment, the recessed area 90 is defined by a substantially constant depth of at least 0.250″ and a width having a minimum dimension of at least 3 inches. According to the present embodiment, the width of the recessed area 90 is varied between the horizontal base surface 100 and top surface 93 in order to enhance the trapping of slivers 94, though this parameter can also be substantially constant. As noted, the recessed area 90 forms a peripheral second cutting edge 92, as well as a pocket or gap for the slivers 94 that are formed from the cutting operation. The edges forming the peripheral cutting edge 92 are cut at the same time as those of the primary cutting edge 84; therefore, adjustments in the bedknife 80 are not required.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 and according to this embodiment, one of the pair of lateral surfaces 99 is angled in nonparallel relation to the opposing lateral surface 97. In this embodiment, lateral surface 99 is angled inwardly between the top surface 93 and the bottom surface 95 in order to create a taper. This taper extends in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the rotary disc 52 (i.e., perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disc) and therefore does not affect the clearance between the cutting plane and the primary cutting edge 84 of the bedknife 80. According to this embodiment, the angle of the taper is approximately 3 degrees, though a range of 0.5-25 degrees is acceptable. As such, the bottom surface 95 has a smaller width than the top surface 93.
Referring to FIG. 8, the herein described taper of the lateral surface 99 permits the bedknife 80 to be positioned within the frame 70 of the chipper 50 in a pinched condition, the frame including a nonparallel gap into which the bedknife 80 can be introduced and removed. A cap 102 is attached in overlaying relation to the top surface 93 of the bedknife 80, the cap being a plate-like member that is sized to cover the top surface of the bedknife wherein bolts are used to mount the cap to the frame 70 and the feed spout 62 of the chipper 50 through corresponding holes provided therein in order to cause the tapered edges of the bedknife 80 to pinch within a defined frame pocket. Bedknife liners (only one 106 being shown) are optionally used and if so are disposed in relation to each of the lateral surface 99 and rear surface 91 of the bedknife 80, these liners being attached to the frame 70 by fasteners 114. The frame 70 or the bedknife liner 106 includes an outwardly angled taper, substantially matching that of the lateral surface 99 in order to provide a pinched fit when the bedknife 80 is placed within the frame pocket. The bedknife 80, according to this specific embodiment, is attached to the chipper frame 70 and the spout 62 by means of a pair of transverse bolts 118 that extend through corresponding holes provided in the side bedknife liner 106, bedknife 80, and feed spout 62, respectively.
Removal of the bedknife 80 in accordance with this embodiment is herein described with reference to FIG. 8. First, a small removable hood portion (not shown) of the chipper cover (not shown) is removed, thereby exposing the top cap 102. The bolts 104 of the top cap 102 can then be loosened from the frame 70 and the feed spout 62 and the top cap can be removed from the top surface 93 of the bedknife 80, thereby exposing the top surface. Each of the pair of transverse bolts 118 can also be removed, as accessed from the exterior of the chipper frame 70. Once the bedknife 80 is seated, separate means are therefore required to unseat the bedknife 80 from the frame 70. Therefore and according to this embodiment, a hydraulic or similar type of mechanical jack 122 is provided in relation to the bottom surface 95 of the bedknife 80, the latter being employed to loosen the bedknife 80 wherein a crane or other lifting apparatus (not shown) can be employed in order to then remove the bedknife 80 vertically from the defined pocket of the chipper frame 70.
PARTS LIST FOR FIGS. 1-8
10 disc chipper
11 rotary cutting disc
12 horizontal drive shaft
13 mount
14 bearing
15 cover
16 fixed portion
17 removable hood
18 feed chute or spout
19 log
20 feed port
21 cutting stations
22 knife assemblies
23 chip slots
24 sliver ring
25 bedknife
26 front frame
27 knife edges
28 slivers
50 chipper
52 rotary disc
53 cutting stations
54 knife assemblies
55 proximal facing surface
56 horizontal drive shaft
57 chip slots
58 mount
60 bearing
61 cover
62 feed chute or spout
66 feed port
70 chipper frame
80 bedknife
84 primary cutting edge
88 front surface
89 angled surface
90 recessed area
91 rear surface
92 peripheral secondary cutting edge
93 top surface
94 slivers
95 bottom surface
96 chips
97 lateral surface
99 lateral surface
100 horizontal base surface
102 top cap
104 bolts
106 bedknife liner
114 fasteners
118 transverse bolts
122 jack
Though the invention has been shown based on certain embodiments, it will be readily apparent that there are other variations or modifications that can be made within the inventive concepts described herein and as set forth by the following claims. For example, the bedknife used herein can be applied to various chipper apparatus in addition to those described herein.
Patent Application
20080035242
