Stator and electrical machine

Abstract

The method for making a stator includes making individual strip-shaped laminas (15) for it; stacking the laminas (15) to form a stator core (13) with grooves (18) on one side extending through the core; producing a subassembly by inserting a stator winding (17) into the grooves (18); bending the subassembly to form a cylindrical cavity so that the grooves (18) end in the cavity and connecting two ends (23) of the stator core (13) to each other by a welding seam (20) to maintain this configuration. To produce a welding seam of sufficient strength which does not exert excessive influence on magnetic properties, the welding seam depth (TS) is given by TS=0.5 mm*(Hyoke/mm−1)±ΔTS, wherein Hyoke is yoke height and ΔTS is a tolerance value. An electric machine including the stator made by this method is also described.

Description

PRIOR ART

A stator and electric machine according to the preamble to claim 1 are already known from Japanese patent application 9-103052. To manufacture this stator, first, individual sheet-metal lamina are stamped out and a particular number of these sheet-metal lamina are stacked one on top of another until the desired axial breadth of the core is achieved. These stacked sheet-metal lamina constitute the stator core, which has teeth and grooves arranged parallel to one another on one side in a manner that is customary for a stator. A pre-wound core winding is produced, for example, in an approximately planar form and is then inserted into the grooves of the for example essentially flat core. The subassembly comprised of the core and core winding is then bent in a circular fashion so as to yield a hollow, cylindrical stator. After the circular bending of the subassembly comprised of the stator yoke and winding, the two ends are connected to each other by welding. The welded connection between the two ends is a multiply loaded joint whose specific embodiment cannot be gleaned from any known technical teaching in the prior art.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The stator according to the present invention, with the characteristics of the main claim, has the advantage that by specifying the welding seam depth as a function of the effective yoke height and a tolerance value for the welding seam depth, a rule has been established that permits sure, reliable control of the multiple influence parameters on the stator of an electric machine, on the one hand so as to reliably prevent the welding seam from tearing open at the joint after being welded and on the other hand, so as not to exert excessive, disadvantageous influence for example on the electromagnetic properties of the stator core at the joint. The rule provided for determining the welding seam depth T_S, according to which the welding seam depth T_S is determined as a function of the yoke height H_yoke and a tolerance value ΔT_S in accordance with the following function T_S=0.5 mm*(H_yoke/mm−1)±ΔT_S, on the one hand gives the welding seam a sufficient strength to allow it, with a certain yoke height, to absorb the tensile forces occurring in the welding seam, but on the other hand, the welding seam is not too deep so that it does not exert too excessive a negative influence on the magnetic properties at the welding point due to structural changes occurring in the yoke. One of these influences, for example, is the magnitude of undesirable eddy current losses that occur.

If the variable ΔT_S is equal to 1 mm, then this yields a secure welded connection for the resulting minimum value and on the other hand, does not have an excessively deep welding seam that approaches the maximum value.

If the value ΔT_S is equal to 0.5 mm, then the welding seam quality can be reproduced with particular reliability.

If the welding seam depth T_S does not fall below a minimum value T_Smin as a function of the yoke height H_yoke, where the minimum value T_Smin is proportional to the yoke height H_yoke multiplied by the factor 3/40, then this yields a minimum strength of the welding seam for various yoke heights H_yoke.

If the yoke is embodied at the joint so that two teeth are disposed on the outside of the joint, then this yields the positive effect that on the one hand, the weld is disposed particularly far away from the yoke and on the other hand, even during the welding process, a relatively large degree of heat can be dissipated by this outer tooth. Part of the heat therefore does not reach the yoke, which results in less powerful influences being exerted on the electromagnetic properties of the yoke.

If the welding seam is disposed on a radial inside of the yoke so that the joint is disposed at the tip of a tooth, then this reliably prevents vibration of these half teeth.

The welding seam is also disposed on at least one axial end of the stator. This reduces the magnetic noise at this point.

If the welding seam is a laser beam welding seam, then the embodiment of the weld permits the method for manufacturing the welding seam to be executed in a particularly reliable fashion. The welding parameters can be reliably adjusted, no additional application of welding material is made, and the welding heat is significantly reduced in comparison to other methods for example deposit welding. Furthermore, the stator core is comprised of a material that has a carbon content of more than 0.1% (by mass).

The carbon content influences the brittleness of the welding seam and therefore its durability, for example when subjected to oscillatory loads.

DRAWINGS

Exemplary embodiments of a stator and an electric machine according to the present invention are shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a stator according to a first exemplary embodiment,

FIG. 2 shows an end view of two exemplary embodiments of welding seams in the joined stator core,

FIG. 3 is a graph depicting the function for the welding seam depth T_S for different parameters,

FIGS. 4 and 5 show end views of two additional exemplary embodiments of welding seams in the joined stator core, and

FIG. 6 is a depiction for determining the yoke height with a particular embodiment of the yoke.

DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows a stator 10 of an electric machine. The stator 10 has an annular stator core 13 comprised of a stator core segment 14. The stator core 13 in this instance is comprised of a stator core segment 14 that is in turn comprised of a multitude of stator laminas 15. As in the prior art, the stator core 13 has inwardly oriented radial grooves 18 into which a stator winding 17 is inserted. This stator 10 is manufactured as described below. Individual, generally strip-shaped stator lamellas 15 are manufactured, which can extend in arcs or straight lines. The individual stator lamellas 15 are bundled so as to produce a side that is provided with grooves 18 extending all the way through, into which the stator winding 17 is later inserted. After the insertion of the stator winding 17, this produces a subassembly comprised of the stator core 13 and the stator winding 17, which subassembly is then bent in a circular fashion so as to produce a cylindrical cavity in which the grooves 18 end. In order to preserve this state, at least two ends of the stator core 13 that face each other after the circular bending are fixed in place by means of a welding seam 20. Otherwise, the stator 10 would gape open at the joint. It would be hardly possible to install it in a cylindrical bore of a housing.

FIG. 2 shows the joint 22. The figure shows each end 23 of the at least one stator core segment 14 on both sides of the joint 22. The two ends 23 are embodied so that one partial tooth 24 rests against another partial tooth 24. The two partial teeth 24 function together as a whole tooth. The welding seam 20 is shown in cross section at the joint 22. In the radial direction, i.e. in the direction along the joint and/or the surface in which the partial teeth 24 rest against each other, the welding seam 20 has a welding seam depth T_S. A yoke 26, i.e. a part of the stator core 13 and/or of a stator core segment 14, has a yoke height H_yoke between two teeth, for example between a partial tooth 24 and a partial tooth 25.

As a function of the yoke height H_yoke, the following function should apply for the welding seam depth T_S: T_S=0.5 mm*(H_yoke/mm−1)±ΔT_S,

The welding seam depth T_S is therefore a function of the yoke height H_yoke and the tolerance value ΔT_S. The function for determining the welding seam depth T_S is therefore comprised of a base function f_B f_B=0.5 mm*(H_yoke/mm−1) as a function of the yoke height H_yoke and the additional tolerance value ΔT_S. The variables H_yoke and ΔT_S are expressed in millimeters (mm); the value of (H_yoke/mm−1) is dimensionless. In the first iteration, ΔT_S corresponds to the variable ΔT_S1, which has a value of 1.0 mm. In the second iteration, ΔT_S corresponds to the variable ΔT_S2, which has a value of 0.5 mm.

FIG. 3 shows the function for T_S for the various parameters, i.e. as a function of the yoke height and the tolerance value ΔT_S. FIG. 3 also shows the function of the minimal welding seam depth T_Smin, which is a function of the yoke height H_yoke. The function can be described by means of T_Smin= 3/40*H_yoke,

According to another exemplary embodiment, the welding seam 20 is disposed on the outside 30 of the yoke, on a tooth composed of two partial teeth 31, see FIG. 4. In another exemplary embodiment, the welding seam 20 is disposed on a radial inside of at least one end 23 of the stator core segment 14, also see FIG. 2.

In order to reduce the magnetic noise, a welding seam 20 is disposed on an axial end of the stator 10 and/or stator core 13. This welding seam 20 can also be provided on the axial end surface, see FIG. 5.

If a flute 35 is provided at the joint 22, then the effective yoke height H_yoke is not equivalent to the yoke height that has been described above. Here, the projected yoke height H_yokeP must be determined as an effective yoke height H_yoke that serves as the basis for determining the required welding seam depth T_S according to the equation given at the beginning. To this end, the radial depth of the flute 35 is subtracted from the actual yoke height between two teeth 25, see FIG. 6. In this instance, the value of the projected yoke height H_yokeP must be used for the factor H_yoke.

In order to prevent the welding seam 20 from being too brittle and therefore unable to withstand anything more than small loads, the stator core 13 and/or the stator lamellas 15 is comprised of a ferrous material that has a carbon content of no more than 0.1% (by mass). Before the welding procedure is executed, the stator winding 17 is mounted onto the stator core 13 at the joint 22 and then they are both bent together in a circular fashion.

In addition, the welding seam 20 has an ultimate tensile strength of between 10 kN and 44 kN in the circumference direction of the yoke 26. Furthermore, the welding seam should have an ultimate tensile strength of between 20 kN and 36 kN at a depth of between 0.9 mm and 2.2 mm. At depths between 1.1 mm and 1.8 mm, the ultimate tensile strength should be between 22 kN and 32 kN.

Claims

1-10. (canceled)

11. A method of making a stator of an electric machine, said method comprising: a) making individual generally strip-shaped laminas (15) for the stator; b) stacking the individual laminas (15) to form a stator core (13) with a yoke having a yoke height, so that one side of the stator core is provided with grooves (18) extending through the core; c) producing a subassembly by inserting a stator winding (17) into the grooves (18) of the stator core (13) formed in step b); d) bending the subassembly in a circular fashion to form a cylindrical cavity, so that the grooves (18) end in the cavity; and e) in order to keep the subassembly in a configuration with the cylindrical cavity, connecting at least two ends (23) of the stator core (13) to each other by means of a welding seam (20); wherein a welding seam depth (TS) of the welding seam (20) is a function of the yoke height (Hyoke) and a tolerance value (ΔTS) and is given by the following formula (I): TS=0.5 mm*(Hyoke/mm−1)±ΔTS (I).

12. The method as defined in claim 11, wherein the tolerance value (ΔTS) equals 1.0 mm.

13. The method as defined in claim 11, wherein the tolerance value (ΔTS) equals 0.5 mm.

14. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein welding seam depth (TS) of the welding seam (20) is not less than a minimum value (TSmin) and said minimum value (TSmin) depends on the yoke height (Hyoke) and is described by the following formula (II): TSmin={ 3/40}*HYoke.

15. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the stator core (13) comprises a yoke (26) and the welding seam (20) is arranged on a radial outside (30) of the yoke (26).

16. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the stator core (13) comprises a plurality of teeth (25), the welding seam (20) is arranged on a radial outside (30) of the yoke (26) and the welding seam (20) is arranged in one of said teeth, said one of said teeth comprising two partial teeth (24).

17. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the welding seam (20) is disposed on at least one axial end of the stator core (13).

18. The method as claimed in claim 11, further comprising making the welding seam by a laser welding process with a laser beam.

19. An electric machine comprising a stator (10) made by a method, which comprises: a) making individual generally strip-shaped laminas (15) for the stator; b) stacking the individual laminas (15) to form a stator core (13) with a yoke having a yoke height, so that one side of the stator core is provided with grooves (18) extending through the core; c) producing a subassembly by inserting a stator winding (17) into the grooves (18) of the stator core (13) formed in step b); d) bending the subassembly in a circular fashion to produce a cylindrical cavity, so that the grooves (18) end in the cavity; and e) in order to keep the subassembly in a configuration with the cylindrical cavity, connecting at least two ends (23) of the stator core (13) to each other by means of a welding seam (20); wherein a welding seam depth (TS) of the welding seam (20) is a function of the yoke height (Hyoke) and a tolerance value (ΔTS) and is given by the following formula (I): TS=0.5 mm*(Hyoke/mm−1)±ΔTS (I).

20. The electric machine as defined in claim 19, consisting of a generator.

21. The electric machine as defined in claim 19, wherein the tolerance value (ΔTS) equals 1.0 mm.

22. The electric machine as defined in claim 19, wherein the tolerance value (ΔTS) equals 0.5 mm.

23. The electric machine as claimed in claim 19, wherein the welding seam depth (TS) of the welding seam (20) is not less than a minimum value (TSmin) and said minimum value (TSmin) depends on the yoke height (Hyoke) and is described by the following formula (II): TSmin={ 3/40}*HYoke.