1. Technical Field
This disclosure relates to remote tracking of locks, particularly so as to allow a change in status of the lock to be detected, monitored remotely.
2. Description of the Related Art
Electronic and electromechanical padlocks that allow remote control and data logging are known in the art.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,047,575 discloses an electronic padlock having a body and shackle and a motor-operated latch assembly within the body and operable by a motor for latching and releasing the end of the shackle. An encoder is coupled to the latch assembly for moving into respective positions depending on when the end of the shackle is latched or released. A circuit within the body detects the position of the encoder and generates a signal relating to the encoder position, thus indicating whether the shackle is latched or released.
US 2008/0036596 discloses a key-operated remotely monitorable locking assembly including a key-operated lock including a body including a key operated locking assembly and a tamper monitorable lockable assembly which is selectably locked to the body by operation of the mechanical key operated locking assembly and a wireless communication circuit located in at least one of the lock body and the lockable assembly for providing a remotely monitorable indication of tampering with the lockable assembly. The arrangement shown in US 2008/0036596 relates particularly to a padlock having a flexible shackle, which is modified by providing a longitudinal bore through which a wire is passed. Opposite ends of the wire are connected to switch contacts mounted on a PCB within the padlock so as to provide an alert signal if the shackle is cut.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,556,872 and 5,587,702 disclose padlocks housing a tamper alarm and integral battery.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,831,531 discloses a secure lock for a shipping container in which an electrically conductive cable is anchored between the doors of the container and whose continuity is monitored by an RFID.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,046,084 discloses an electronic lock-box system configured to transmit data by fax from a central computer to a real estate office so as to allow a real estate agent to monitor access to keys of houses listed for sale.
US Patent No. 6,046,558 discloses an electronic padlock having a body and shackle and a motor-operated latch assembly for latching and releasing the end of the shackle. Security problems related to a failure of the latch mechanism are monitored using an optical encoder that provides position information to a control circuit, which correlates the position information with a signal directing power to the motor for controlling the motor remotely.
It emerges from the foregoing discussion that padlocks having integral encoders for monitoring the latching mechanism are known as is the use of such padlocks in shipping containers. However, known such padlocks are motor-operated, which gives rise to a number of potential problems such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,046,558. Moreover, the encoders are integrated within the padlock during manufacture, which is not only expensive but means that a regular padlock is not easily amenable to being monitored using the approaches described in the prior art.
One or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a padlock and remote monitoring system that addresses these drawbacks.
According to a first embodiment of the disclosure there is provided a status detector and communication unit for a padlock having a body and a shackle at least one end of which can be latched to and released from the body, the status detector comprising:
a casing adapted to be securely retrofitted to the padlock so as to form a compact assembly without obscuring an operating mechanism of the padlock, and
a battery powered circuit contained within the casing for co-operating with the shackle of the padlock for transmitting a signal indicative of a status of the shackle to a remote monitoring unit.
In order to understand the disclosure and to see how it may be carried out in practice, embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
a,
1
b and 1c are pictorial representations showing details of a padlock useful in explaining the principle of operation of the disclosure;
a and 3b are pictorial views of a modified padlock for interacting with a status detector and communication unit according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
a is a pictorial view of an interface unit for coupling the status detector and communication unit to the padlock in
b and 4c depict respective detailed side views of the padlock and the interface unit showing their mutual interlocking;
d shows a detail of a modification to the shackle of the padlock for cooperating with actuators in the interface unit;
a to 5d are pictorial views showing details of the status detector;
a to 6d are schematic representations showing an actuator in a modified padlock according to an embodiment of the disclosure for triggering an attached status detector and communication unit;
a to 7c are schematic representations showing an actuator in a modified padlock according to another embodiment of the disclosure for triggering an attached status detector;
In the following description of some embodiments, identical components that appear in more than one figure or that share similar functionality will be referenced by identical reference symbols.
a,
1
b and 1c are pictorial representations showing details of a padlock 10 useful in explaining the principle of operation of the disclosure. The padlock has a body 11 and a shackle 12, a first end 13 of which is rotatably fixed within a cavity in the body and a second end 14 of which has a circumferential indent 15, which engages a locking member (not shown) that is released by a key 16 inserted into a keyhole 17 or by a combination lock. Padlocks are well known in the art and since one object of the disclosure is to allow the status of any padlock to be monitored remotely, further mechanical details are not necessary to understand the basic principle of the disclosure.
In the locked state depicted in
The present disclosure resides principally in the secure coupling of a status detector and communication unit to a padlock so as to provide an indication of whether the padlock is open or closed and to report this to a remote monitoring unit, while being amenable for retrofitting to existing padlocks with minimal customization of the padlocks. With reference to
At the other extreme, we present in
Such an arrangement obviates the need for the padlock to be modified and, in particular, avoids the need for an encoder to be provided within the body of the padlock as is necessary in hitherto-proposed schemes. At its simplest, the casing 21 of the status detector and communication unit 20 may be provided with a bracket 26 at its upper having an aperture through which the shackle is inserted so that, once the padlock is locked, the status detector and communication unit 20 is retained on the padlock. A resilient L-shaped bracket 27 on the lower end of the casing 21 may then be snap-fitted to the base of the padlock as shown in
If desired, instead of relying on the absence or detection of light reflected from the end of the shackle, two colored bands of different reflectivity could be painted on the periphery of the shackle: one on that part of the shackle that is normally obscured when the padlock is locked and the other on a part of the shackle that is exposed. Upon opening the padlock the intensity of the reflected light sensed by the photodetector 24 varies according to which band reflects the light. Likewise, the exposed band could be provided with different colored segments around its periphery each segment having a different reflectivity. Rotation of the shackle within the padlock without its removal would then result in different intensities being sensed by the photodetector. This is useful if the padlock is tampered with by cutting the shackle since rotation of the shackle can then be detected and reported. Better security is achieved by providing corresponding segmented bands on the two opposing ends of the shackle so that rotation of either end may be monitored.
a and 3b are pictorial views of a padlock 30 that is adapted for attachment to the status detector and communication unit 20 via an interface unit 31 (mark 31 also to 3b) shown retrofitted to the padlock in
The interface unit 31 is provided on an outer surface 41 thereof opposite the surface 32 with opposing first recesses 42a and 42b which slidingly engage complementary rails 43 formed in an outer surface of the status detector and communication unit 20, shown in
d shows a detail of a modification to the shackle 12 of the padlock for cooperating with the pins 47a, 47a in the interface unit 31. Thus, sockets 48a, 48b and 48c are formed in the shackle 12 in proper spaced relationship so that when the padlock 30 is locked, the socket 48a formed in the fixed end 49a of the shackle is exactly aligned with the pin 47a, whereby the end of the pin 47a is accommodated within the socket 48a. Thus, when the padlock is armed, the pin 47a does not protrude outward from the interface unit 31. On the other hand, the sockets 48b and 48c are formed in the opposite end 49b of the shackle (i.e. the end that disengages from the locking mechanism) so as to be slightly out of alignment with the pin 47b. Specifically, the sockets 48b and 48c are formed on opposite sides of an imaginary axis that is aligned with the pin 47b when the padlock is armed. Thus, when the padlock is armed, the sockets 48b and 48c are both slightly offset relative to the pin 47b on opposite sides thereof. The pin 47b is therefore pushed by the shackle so as to protrude outward. However, when the padlock is armed, if the shackle is severed so as to allow independent rotation of the two broken halves of the shackle, even a slight rotation of the end 49b in either direction will cause one of the sockets 48b and 48c to rotate into alignment with the pin 47b, which will then be retracted so as no longer to protrude out of the interface unit 31. Likewise, the fixed end 49a of the shackle, once broken, is capable of independent rotation, which causes the pin 47a to be misaligned with the socket 48a. Consequently, any change in status of the padlock or any attempt to tamper with the padlock induces a change in the state of the actuators constituted by the pins 47a and 47b, which in turn induces operation of the microswitches 63 and 64, thus alerting the status detector and communication unit 20. The sockets 48a and 48b thus serve as encoders that co-operate with the actuators so as to provide an indication whether the corresponding end of the shackle is in an inserted or retracted state and also whether the end is rotated while still being retained within the body of the padlock.
One particular application of the disclosure relates to real time monitoring and tracking of shipping containers, which are locked by authorized personnel at the port of embarkation with a padlock whose status must be continually monitored. This is typical of security applications, where the padlock must be tamper-proof and the actuators as described above address this requirement. However, there may be applications where security is not a principal consideration and only an instantaneous status is required, in which case only a single actuator may be necessary. For example, it is not uncommon for people to leave their premises and then worry that they have forgotten to lock the house or garage. If, for example, the garage were locked with a suitably modified padlock, a single actuator would be sufficient to indicate whether or not the padlock were locked. It will be noted that a padlock can be locked even when it is not affixed to the doors that it is intended to safeguard. Consequently, knowing only the instantaneous status may not be sufficient unless the padlock is armed by an authorized officer, thus establishing a verified initial state, who then reports in a secure manner to the remote monitoring unit. But in the case of a homeowner who is both the “authorized officer” and the “remote monitoring unit” this is not a consideration and so a single actuator may be sufficient to provide the required feedback.
The purpose of the screws 46 is not so much to prevent removal of the interface unit 31, which as noted above is rendered difficult on account of the latches formed by the notches 37. Rather the screws reduce the possibility of any slight play between the padlock and the interface unit and thereby ensure that the interface unit is accurately aligned with the padlock and that the pins 47a, 47b are correctly oriented with respect to the sockets 48a, 48b and 48c.
Referring to
The status detector and communication unit 20 has a casing 60 (
Also accessible from the battery compartment 61 is a SIM card 65 shown in
This embodiment has been described in significant detail since it discloses a currently preferred embodiment whereby the status detector and communication unit 20 may be retrofitted to a fairly standard padlock while requiring minimal customization of the padlock. To this end, the actuators constituted by the pins 47a and 47b are provided in the interface unit 31, requiring only that complementary sockets be formed in the shackle of the padlock. While this is most conveniently done during manufacture of the padlock and prior to assembly, it can conceivably be done to an off-the-shelf padlock thus allowing a standard padlock to be adapted for use with the disclosure. However, the required retrofitting can be achieved in other ways, examples of which will now be described.
a and 6b show a detail of the shackle 12 according to an alternative embodiment having an indent 15 that extends through a side surface of the shackle and is retained by a resilient tongue (not shown) in the locked state. The figures are schematic and the locking mechanism is not itself a feature of the disclosure and is therefore not shown. Furthermore, for clarity of illustration, the figures are not to scale, it being noted that in an actual padlock the free end of the shackle extends into the body of the padlock by only a short length and not as shown in the figures. Mounted in spaced relationship with the shackle is a resilient abutment 70 retained within an annular support 71 fixed to an inner wall of the padlock body. In the locked state shown in
a to 7c show schematically an actuator in a modified padlock according to another embodiment of the disclosure where the pins 73a and 73b are located at the same height of the padlock. In the figures, for ease of illustration, the padlock is shown as two split casings. However, in reality there is, of course, only a single casing and both pins protrude through the same surface of the casing at the same height so as to be aligned with respective contacts of the status detector. Operation of the pins 73a and 73b is the same as described above and is self-evident from the figures in the light of the foregoing description.
As explained above, security applications require the actuators to be tamper-proof. Enhanced security is provided by providing two spaced apart pins 73a and 73b as shown in
The embodiments shown in
The GPS receiver and antenna serve as a location module for providing a realtime signal indicating the padlock's location in space. Other Satellite-based protocols may also be used, such as Galileo, Glonass and Ground Cellular Cells all of which are known in the art.
The following logic states apply to the status detector and communication unit 20:
Passive State—The device 20 is powered. Any sensors associated therewith are in an inactive state.
Armed State—All sensors are connected directly to the power management controller 85. When the status detector and communication unit 20 is armed, the power management controller is the only subsystem that is active. The entire system becomes alive upon anyone or more of the sensors providing an indication or alert signal to the power management controller.
Silent Alarm—In this state the power management controller 85 awakens the CPU 71 to recheck on an intercepted signal. If an intercepted signal repeats more than a specified number of times that may be preset by the customer, the power management controller 85 awakens the location and radio modules. Otherwise, all the sensors as well as the power management controller go into a sleep mode.
Emergency—The system is up and verifies an intercepted signal several times before activating the status detector and communication unit 20, which then sends the location and information on the sensor type waiting for message acknowledgment from the network before shutting down the entire system then switching to an armed state. In a system that monitors only the padlock status and has no other sensors, the sensor type is indicative of one of the two microswitches 63 and 64.
The power management controller 85 is configured so as to cause minimum intervention commensurate with providing real time monitoring and tracking, so that the CPU 81 remains dormant and power consumption is reduced to a minimum. However, in order to provide real time monitoring and tracking, it is nevertheless necessary that the power management controller 85 awaken the CPU 81 periodically and convey the current status to the server 93. Likewise, the server 93 can itself interrogate the status detector and communication unit 20 but this also drains the battery in the device. Consequently, a reasonable balance has to be drawn between obtaining updated location and status of the container and preserving battery power.
In one embodiment of the disclosure, the time period between interrogations, whether they be remotely initiated by the server 83 or locally by the power management controller 85 may be pre-set and stored either in the memory 82 of the status detector 20 or in the server 93. Whenever, the power management controller 85 awakens the CPU 81 it associates with the current status a timestamp that is stored with the status in the memory 82. Only when the lapsed time from the most recent timestamp exceeds the preset time interval between interrogations, does the power management controller 85 awaken the CPU 81 for determining a subsequent status of the container. Data conveyed to the server 93 likewise includes a respective timestamp, thus allowing the server to operate in like manner. Obviously, a security event will override this logic.
The time interval between interrogations may be automatically computed as a function of estimated voyage time, so that for long voyages lasting weeks or months, the time interval between interrogations is reduced (in absolute terms) so as to conserve battery, while for short voyages more frequent interrogations can be permitted.
The server 93 incorporates a user interface that is accessible via a workstation or computer terminal coupled to the server 93 either directly or remotely and enables an operator to display a specified container on a map in real-time, and send messages and commands to a specified status detector and communication unit 20. For example, the remote operator can cause the status detector and communication unit 20 to change transmission intervals or to turn on the refrigeration system 92, if appropriate. The user interface also allows the operator to generate a variety of informative reports, and to predefine relevant alert messages to be sent to a list of cellular phone recipients. The user interface may be customized geographically to support different languages and different street-level maps depending on geographic location.
The user interface system provides two interfaces:
Online software application:-This resides on the server 93 for access by an end user and enables the end user to customize and define various alerts for each event and determine if an alert is to be sent to a mail recipient or one or more cellular subscribers etc. For instance, an event may be initiated only if a container arrives at its destination and the door is opened. Likewise, an event may be initiated if during the transportation of a container its ambient temperature increases and it is more than a specified distance from destination.
Procedures software application:-This is aimed at emergency events that require immediate response, for instance theft or temperature increase and allows the end user to define in advance the right procedure to be taken upon occurrence of such an event. For instance, if an unauthorized door open event occurs, a police car may be rushed to site to handle the situation. Or if temperature exceeds a preset threshold, a technician may be immediately called to site to handle and fix the problem.
It is to be noted that event-driven interfaces and event-handling in general are well-known in the art and these features are therefore not described in detail. However, the disclosure permits event-handling to be implemented in real-time only by virtue of the fact that, unlike hitherto-proposed systems, the containers are tracked in real-time and the instantaneous location of each container is thus known in real-time. This permits not only tracking and monitoring of containers, but also allows event-driven remedial action to be carried out by entities that are external to the container and that are automatically dispatched to the container based on location data provided by the server 83.
For example,
It will be appreciated that modifications may be made to the embodiments as described without departing from the scope of the attached claims. For example, while the status detector is adapted to be retrofitted to a padlock by an end-user, it will be appreciated that this may also be done in the factory so that the padlock and detector are sold as an integral unit. In either case, mounting the status detector external to the padlock avoids the need to provide electronics within the padlock.
While the padlock is described as operating using a key, it will be understood that the principle of the disclosure are also applicable to combination padlocks. Similarly, while the padlock as described has a shackle one of whose ends is permanently fixed in the body of the padlock, the disclosure is also suitable for use with padlocks having larger flexible shackles both of whose ends are removable from the body and are independently secured thereto.
Likewise, while an application has been described with particular reference to shipping containers, it will be understood that the disclosure is also application to the monitoring of other sea or land based freight vehicles.
The various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. All of the U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications referred to in this specification and/or listed in the Application Data Sheet which are commonly owned with this application are incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety. Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, if necessary to employ concepts of the various patents, applications and publications to provide yet further embodiments.
These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by the disclosure.
This application is a U.S. national stage application filed under 35 U.S.C. §371 of International Patent Application PCT/IL2011/000349, accorded an international filing date of May 1, 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/404,105 filed Sep. 28, 2010, which applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/IL11/00349 | 5/1/2011 | WO | 00 | 7/6/2012 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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61404105 | Sep 2010 | US |