The technology disclosed herein relates to formwork for fabricating structural parts of buildings, tanks and/or other structures out of concrete or other similar curable construction materials. Particular embodiments of the invention provide connector components for modular formworks and methods for providing connections between modular formwork units.
Any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of general common knowledge in the field.
It is known to fabricate structural parts for buildings, tanks or the like from concrete using modular stay-in-place formworks. Such structural parts may include walls, ceilings or the like. Examples of such modular stay in place formworks include those described US patent publication No. 2005/0016103 (Piccone) and PCT publication No. WO96/07799 (Sterling). A representative drawing depicting a partial formwork 28 according to one prior art system is shown in top plan view in
Formwork 28 includes support panels 36A which extend between, and connect to each of, wall segments 27, 29 at transversely spaced apart locations. Support panels 36A include male T-connector components 42 slidably received in the receptacles of female C-connector components 38 which extend inwardly from inwardly facing surfaces 31A or from female C-connector components 32. Formwork 28 comprises tensioning panels 40 which extend between panels 30 and support panels 36A at various locations within formwork 28. Tensioning panels 40 include male T-connector components 46 received in the receptacles of female C-connector components 38.
In use, formwork 28 is assembled by slidable connection of the various male T-connector components 34, 42, 46 in the receptacles of the various female C-connectors 32, 38. Liquid concrete is then poured into formwork 28 between wall segments 27, 29. The concrete flows through apertures (not shown) in support panels 36 and tensioning panels 40 to fill the inward portion of formwork 28 (i.e. between wall segments 27, 29). When the concrete solidifies, the concrete (together with formwork 28) may provide a structural component (e.g. a wall) for a building or other structure.
A known problem with prior art systems is referred to colloquially as “unzipping”. Unzipping refers to the separation of connector components from one another due to the weight and/or outward pressure generated by liquid concrete when it is poured into formwork 28. By way of example, unzipping may occur at connector components 32, 34 between panels 30.
Unzipping of connector components can lead to a number of problems. In addition to the unattractive appearance of unzipped connector components, unzipping can lead to separation of male connector components 34 from female connector components 32. To counteract this problem, prior art systems typically incorporate support panels 36A and tensioning panels 40, as described above. However, support panels 36A and tensioning panels 40 may not completely eliminate the unzipping problem. Notwithstanding the presence of support panels 36A and tensioning panels 40, in cases where male connector components 34 do not separate completely from female connector components 32, unzipping of connector components 32, 34 may still lead to the formation of small spaces (e.g. spaces 70, 71) or the like between connector components 32, 34. Such spaces can be difficult to clean and can represent regions for the proliferation of bacteria or other contaminants and can thereby prevent or discourage the use of formwork 28 for particular applications, such as those associated with food storage or handling or other applications requiring sanitary conditions or the like. Such spaces can also permit the leakage of liquids and/or gasses between inside 51 and outside 53 of panels 30. Such leakage can prevent or discourage the use of formwork 28 for applications where it is required that formwork 28 be impermeable to gases or liquids (e.g. to provide the walls of tanks used to store water or other liquids). Such leakage can also lead to unsanitary conditions on the inside of formwork 28 and/or cause or lead to corrosion of reinforcement bars (rebar) used in the concrete structure.
In some applications (e.g. in the walls of tanks used to store water or other fluids), there is a desire to maintain a fluid-tight seal at connections between connector components (e.g. connector components 32, 34). Most prior art systems do not provide fluid-tight seals between connector components. Those prior art systems that do provide fluid tight seals can be difficult to work with because of difficulties associated with making and breaking the fluid-tight connections between connector components (which can be desirable during assembly of a formwork or fabrication of a corresponding structure).
Also, some prior art formwork systems can be difficult to assemble. For example, some prior art formwork systems involve making connections by initially orienting the panels at relatively large angles (e.g. orthogonal angles) relative to one another. Again, this can be difficult or impossible in some constrained spaces.
The foregoing examples of the related art and limitations related thereto are intended to be illustrative and not exclusive. Other limitations of the related art will become apparent to those of skill in the art upon a reading of the specification and a study of the drawings.
There remains a general need for effective apparatus and methods for modular formwork systems.
The following embodiments and aspects thereof are described and illustrated in conjunction with systems, tools and methods which are meant to be exemplary and illustrative, not limiting in scope. In various embodiments, one or more of the above-described problems have been reduced or eliminated, while other embodiments are directed to other improvements.
One aspect of the invention provides a formwork assembly comprising a plurality of elongated panels connectable to one another in edge-adjacent relationship. The plurality of panels comprises first and second edge-adjacent panels connectable to one another at a connection between a male connector component of the first panel and a female connector component of the second panel. The female connector component comprises a female engagement portion which defines a principal receptacle and the male connector component comprises a male engagement portion which is received in the principal receptacle to form the connection. The female connector component comprises a first abutment portion and the male connector component comprises a second abutment portion which abuts against the first abutment portion to form the connection. The first and second abutment portions comprise corresponding first and second abutment surfaces which are bevelled with respect to outer surfaces of the first and second edge-adjacent panels.
In addition to the exemplary aspects and embodiments described above, further aspects and embodiments will become apparent by reference to the drawings and by study of the following detailed descriptions.
Exemplary embodiments are illustrated in referenced figures of the drawings. It is intended that the embodiments and figures disclosed herein are to be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.
In drawings which illustrate non-limiting embodiments of the invention:
Throughout the following description specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding to persons skilled in the art. However, well known elements may not have been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the disclosure. Accordingly, the description and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative, rather than a restrictive, sense.
Particular embodiments of the invention provide formwork assemblies comprising a plurality of elongated panels connectable to one another in edge-adjacent relationship. The plurality of panels comprises first and second edge-adjacent panels connectable to one another at a connection between a male connector component of the first panel and a female connector component of the second panel. The female connector component comprises a female engagement portion which defines a principal receptacle and the male connector component comprises a male engagement portion which is received in the principal receptacle to form the connection. The female connector component comprises a first abutment portion and the male connector component comprises a second abutment portion which abuts against the first abutment portion to form the connection. The first and second abutment portions comprise corresponding first and second abutment surfaces which are bevelled with respect to outer surfaces of the first and second edge-adjacent panels.
Formwork 128 comprises a plurality of panels 130, 133 which are elongated in the vertical direction (i.e. the direction into and out of the page of
In the illustrated embodiment, panels 130, 133 have a substantially uniform cross-section along their entire vertical length, although this is not necessary. In the illustrated embodiment, the transverse dimensions (direction 17) of panels 130, 133 are the same for each of panels 130, 133. This is not necessary. In general, it can be desirable to fabricate panels 130, 133 having a number of different transverse dimensions which may suit particular applications. By way of non-limiting example, panels 130, 133 may be provided with 2, 3, 4 and 6 inch transverse dimensions or such other transverse dimensions as may be appropriate or desirable for particular applications. In some embodiments, panels 130, 133 are prefabricated to have a variety of different vertical dimensions with may be suitable for a variety of different applications. In other embodiments, the vertical dimensions of panels 130, 133 may be made arbitrarily and then panels 130, 133 may be cut to length for different applications. Preferably, panels 130, 133 are relatively thin in the inward-outward direction (shown by double-headed arrow 15 of
In the
Panels 133 incorporate first, generally female, connector components 132 at one of their transverse edges and second, generally male, connector components 134 at their opposing transverse edges. As shown in
Panels 130 of the illustrated embodiment incorporate generally C-shaped, female connector components 137 at both of their transverse edges. Connector components 137 are connected to complementary T-shaped, male connector components 139 at the inner or outer edges of support members 136 so as to form connections 140 which connect panels 130 in edge-adjacent relationship and to thereby provide wall segment 129. Connector components 137 of panels 130 and connector components 139 of support members 136 may be connected to one another by slidably inserting male connector components 139 into female connector components 137. In other embodiments, connector components 137, 139 may be different than those shown in the illustrated embodiment and may connect to one using techniques other than relative sliding, such as, by way of non-limiting example, deformable “snap-together” connections, pivotal connections, push on connections and/or the like. In some embodiments, panels 130 may be provided with male connector component and support members 136 may comprise female connector components.
Panels 133 comprise a connector component 142 which is complementary to the pair of connector components 139 of support members 136. In the illustrated embodiment, connector components 142 of panels 133 comprise “double-J” shaped, female connector components that slidably receive T-shaped connector components 139 of support members 136 to provide connections 145 between support members 136 and panels 133. In other embodiments, connector components 139, 142 may be different than those shown in the illustrated embodiment and may connect to one using techniques other than relative sliding, such as, by way of non-limiting example, deformable “snap-together” connections, pivotal connections, push on connections and/or the like. In some embodiments, panels 133 may be provided with male connector component and support members 136 may comprise female connector components.
Connector components 142 may be located relatively close to one of the transverse edges of panels 133. In the illustrated embodiment, connector components 142 are located relatively close to the transverse edges of panels 133 which include connector components 132. In the particular case of the illustrated embodiment, connector components 142 are immediately adjacent connector components 132 and connector components 142, 132 share a connector wall portion 167 with one another. The proximity of connector components 142 to one of the transverse edges of panels 133 means that connections 145 between panels 133 and support members 136 are also located relatively close to one of the transverse edges of panels 133, such that support members 136 reinforce connections 150 between edge-adjacent panels 133.
Support members 136 may also optionally be connected to panels 130, 133 at locations away from their transverse edges, as is shown in the
In the illustrated embodiment, panels 133, 130 respectively comprise one interior connector component 144, 146 which is generally centrally located along the transverse dimension of panels 133, 130. In other embodiments, panels 133, 130 may be provided with different numbers (e.g. zero or a plurality) of interior connector components 144, 146 which may depend on the transverse (direction 17) width of panels 133, 130 and/or the strength requirements of a particular application. It will be understood that the mere provision of connector components 144, 146 on panels 133, 130 does not mean that support members 136 must be connected to these panels.
Connector components 132, 134 may be shaped such that loose-fit connection 180 (
In some embodiments, as shown in
As discussed above, once panels 133A, 133B have been moved in direction 19 into a desired alignment (
A detailed description of the formation of connection 150 is now provided, with reference to
As shown in
As shown in
In the illustrated embodiment, bevelled abutment surface 172 of abutment portion 184 of connector component 132 is also provided by forearm 166B. Forearms 166 may comprise convex or rounded phalanges 161A, 161B (collectively, phalanges 161). Phalanges 161 may allow splayed protrusion 152 to pivot upon them while connections 150, 180 are being formed. Back wall 167 may provide support for engagement portion 182 of female connector component 132 and, in the illustrated embodiment, may also provide a connector wall portion of connector component 142, discussed above. When panels 133A, 133B are in the connected configuration 150 of
As mentioned briefly above, engagement portion 186 of male connector component 134 of the illustrated embodiment comprises splayed protrusion 152 having fingers 156A, 156B (collectively, fingers 156). Fingers 156 may be sized and/or shaped so as to not deform, or create substantial friction with, engagement portion 182 of female connector component 134 when connector components 132, 134 are in loose-fit connection 180 (
When panels 133A, 133B are flattened from loose-fit connection 180 (
When connector components 132, 134 are flattened to bring abutment surfaces 157, 172 of abutment portions 188, 184 into contact with one another and to thereby provide connection 150 (
In the
In particular, when a curable material, such as liquid concrete, is introduced into a formwork comprising panels 133A, 133B, it exerts a pressure on panels 133A, 133B which is generally oriented in direction 14. This pressure asserts corresponding force on the abutment engagement between bevelled abutment surfaces 172, 157 of abutment portions 184, 188 of connector components 132, 134 and thereby helps to prevent leakage of fluids through connection 150. Furthermore, because of the angle of abutment surfaces 172, 157, the pressure of liquid construction material (e.g. concrete) oriented in direction 14 causes hooks 168A, 159A and hooks 168B, 159B to pull toward one another, thereby further engaging hooks 168A, 159A and hooks 168B, 159B. Accordingly, the pressure associated with introducing the curable construction material into the formwork actually reinforces connection 150 by causing hooks 168A, 159A and hooks 168B, 159B to be further engaged in this manner.
Connector component 232 differs from connector component 132 in that engagement portion 282 of connector component 232 comprises a projection 273. In the illustrated embodiment, projection 273 projects from upper arm 265A toward upper arm 265B—i.e. into principal recess 262. Projection 273 is shaped to provide resistance to flattening panels 233A, 233B (e.g. to moving panels 233A, 233B from loose-fit connection 280 (
The resilient deformation of one or both of connector components 134, 232 caused by the relative pivotal motion of panels 233A, 233B and the movement of finger 156A against protrusion 273 create restorative deformation forces (i.e. forces that tend to restore connector components 134, 232 to their original, non-deformed configuration). As finger 156A moves past protrusion 273 with the continued relative pivotal movement of panels 233A, 233B, these restorative deformation forces tend to force finger 156A into concavity 274 of hook 268A. The action of these restorative deformation forces provides a so-called “snap-together” fitting between connector components 134, 232. When finger 256A projects into concavity 274 of hook 268A to provide connection 250 (
In other embodiments (not shown), a surface of protrusion 273 and/or a surface of finger 156A may be provided with one or more surface features which may tend to prevent the withdrawal of finger 156A from concavity 274 of hook 268A—i.e. to lock finger 156A in concavity 274 of hook 268A. Such surface features may comprise complementary barbs, complementary ridges and/or the like.
In other respects, panels 233A, 233B, their connector components 232, 134 and their connections 280, 250 are substantially similar to panels 133A, 133B, connector components 132, 134 and connections 180, 150 described herein and any reference to panels 133A, 133B, connector components 132, 134 and connections 180, 150 should be understood to be applicable (where appropriate) to panels 233A, 233B, connector components 232, 134 and connections 280, 250.
As discussed above, moving edge-adjacent panels 133A, 133B between loose-fit connection 180 (
In some embodiments, like the illustrated embodiment of
In some embodiments, it may be desirable to provide θmax with a value that is less than the desired ultimate angle θdesired between outer surfaces 135A of panels 133A, 133B. This may be accomplished, for example, by providing interior bevel angle β and/or interior bevel angle α of the abutment surfaces at other angles such that the sum of interior bevel angle β and interior bevel angle α (i.e. θmax) is less than the desired ultimate angle θdesired. Such an embodiment is shown in
Panels 333A, 333B differ from panels 133A, 133B only in that θmax, which is provided by the sum of interior bevel angle β and interior bevel angle α of abutment surfaces 372, 357, is less than the desired ultimate angle θdesired. In the case of the
Obtaining the desired ultimate angle θdesired may involve forcing abutment surfaces 157, 172 into one another with such force that the force causes deformation of panels 333A, 333B (or more particularly, connector components 332, 334) so that the interior angle between panels 333A, 333B increases from θmax to θdesired. Such force may be applied when support members 136 are connected to panels 333A, 333B, for example. For example, when θmax is less than θdesired and support members 136 are connected to panels 333A, 333B, outwardly directed force may be applied to panels 333A, 333B, such that one or both of panels 333A, 333B may tend to deform under the forces caused this pressure in the direction of arrow 15. This deformation may cause exterior surfaces 335A of panels 333A, 333B to become relatively more parallel with one another—i.e. so that the angle between the exterior surfaces 335A of panels 333A, 333B changes from θmax (prior to connection of support members 136) to a value closer to the desired ultimate angle θdesired (after the connection of support members 136). Accordingly, selecting a value of θmax<θdesired may effectively result in an angle between the exterior surfaces 335A of panels 333A, 333B that is closer to θdesired (after the connection of support members 136). In the case of the illustrated embodiment of
The forces which cause deformation of panels 333A, 333B so that the interior angle between panels 333A, 333B increases from θmax to θdesired may additionally or alternatively come from the introduction of liquid concrete to the corresponding formwork. For example, where panels 333A, 333B and their respective connection 350 (
Providing a value of θmax<θdesired may also increase the sealing force between connector components 332, 334 of panels 333A, 333B. More particularly, forces caused by the connection of support members 136 to panels 333A, 333B and/or the pressure associated with the weight of liquid concrete may be directed generally perpendicularly to interior surface 335B of panel 333B. Forces oriented in this direction include transversely directed components which tend to pull the hooks 368 of connector component 332 toward, and into more forceful engagement with, the hooks 359 of connector component 334, thereby increasing the sealing force between connector components 332, 334 of panels 333A, 333B. Further forces oriented in this direction include outward components which create torques which tend to push abutment surfaces 357, 372 toward, and into more forceful engagement with one another.
In other respects, panels 333A, 333B, their connector components 332, 334 and their connections 380, 350 are substantially similar to panels 133A, 133B, connector components 132, 134 and connections 180, 150 described herein and any reference to panels 133A, 133B, connector components 132, 134 and connections 180, 150 should be understood to be applicable (where appropriate) to panels 333A, 333B, connector components 332, 334 and connections 380, 350.
Referring back to
In some embodiments, a sealing material (not shown) may be provided on some surfaces of connector components 132, 134. Such sealing material may be relatively soft (e.g. elastomeric) when compared to the material from which the remainder of panels 133 are formed. Such sealing materials may be provided using a co-extrusion process or coated onto connector components 132, 134 after fabrication of panels 133, for example. Such sealing materials may help to make connections 150 between edge adjacent panel 133A, 133B impermeable to liquids or gasses. Such sealing materials may be provided on any one or more contact surfaces of connector components 132, 134, including, by way of non-limiting example, such sealing materials may be provided on: one or both of fingers 156; one or both of restraining arms 164; one or both of phalanxes 161; elbow 169B; knee 153; and one or both of abutment surfaces 172, 157.
Bevelled abutment surfaces 152, 157 of connector components 132, 134 are generally planar surfaces. In some embodiments, the bevelled abutment surfaces of connector components may be provided with one or more complementary profile features (e.g. one or more complementary convexities and concavities) which may help to provide connections between the corresponding connector components and corresponding edge-adjacent panels.
In some embodiments, multiple complementary profile features may be provided on the bevelled abutment surfaces of connector components.
In other embodiments, connector components 642, 644, 646 may be different than those shown in the illustrated embodiment and may connect to one using techniques other than relative sliding, such as, by way of non-limiting example, deformable “snap-together” connections, pivotal connections, push on connections and/or the like. In some embodiments, tensioning braces 640 may be provided with male connector component and panels 133 and support members 136 may comprise female connector components. While not shown in the illustrated embodiment, tensioning braces 640 may additionally or alternatively be connected between connector components 648 of support members 136 and connector components 650 of panels 130.
In other respects, formwork 628 is substantially similar to formwork 128 described herein.
Panels 730, 733 of formwork 728 comprise female connector components 732 and male connector components 734 which are respectively substantially similar to female connector components 132 and male connector components 134 described herein. More particularly, female and male connector components 732, 734 comprise engagement portions and abutment portions (not specifically enumerated in
Panels 730, 733 differ from panels 130, 133 in that panels 730 respectively comprise outward facing (exterior) surfaces 731A, 735A and inward facing (interior) surfaces 731B, 735B that are spaced apart from one another and inward facing (interior) surfaces 731B, 735B of panels 730, 733 are shaped to provide inwardly protruding convexities 703 between the transverse edges of panels 730, 733. In the illustrated embodiment, convexities 703 are arcuately shaped, but this is not necessary and convexities 703 may be linearly convex.
Extending between exterior surfaces 731A, 735A and interior surfaces 731B, 735B of panels 730, 733 comprise a plurality of brace elements 832A, 832B, 834A, 834B, 836A, 836B, 838A, 838B, 840A, 840B. Brace elements 832A, 832B, 834A, 834B, 836A, 836B, 838A, 838B, 840A, 840B of the illustrated embodiment are oriented at non-orthogonal angles to both exterior surfaces 731A, 735A and interior surfaces 731B, 735B of panels 730, 733. In the illustrated embodiment, all of brace elements 832A, 832B, 834A, 834B, 836A, 836B, 838A, 838B, 840A, 840B in any one panel 730, 733 are non-parallel with one another. In the illustrated embodiment, brace elements 832A, 832B, 834A, 834B, 836A, 836B, 838A, 838B, 840A, 840B are oriented to be symmetrical about a notional transverse mid-plane 842—i.e. more particularly:
This shape of exterior and interior surfaces 731A, 731B and 735A, 735B and the orientations of brace elements 832A, 832B, 834A, 834B, 836A, 836B, 838A, 838B, 840A, 840B can reduce deformation (e.g. pillowing and bellying) in panels 730, 733. It will be appreciated that panels 730, 733 of the illustrated embodiment comprise five pairs of brace elements 832A, 832B, 834A, 834B, 836A, 836B, 838A, 838B, 840A, 840B that are symmetrical with respect to notional mid-plane 842, but that in other embodiments, panels may comprise other numbers of pairs of symmetrical brace elements.
Formwork 728 also differs from formwork 128 in that support members 736 comprise T-shaped male connector components 739 and panels 730, 733 comprise complementary female C-shaped connector components 742 which have different shapes (but similar functionality) to connector components 139, 142 of support members 136 and panels 130, 133.
Panels 730, 733 also differ from panels 130, 133 in that panels 730, 733 comprise connector component reinforcement structures 721 which reinforce connector components 732 and 742 and provide panels 730, 733 with additional stiffness and resistance to deformation in the region of connector components 732 and 742. In the illustrated embodiment, connector component reinforcement structures 721 are rectangular shaped comprising inward/outward members and transverse members (not specifically enumerated), although this is not necessary. In other embodiments, connector component reinforcement structures 721 could be provided with other shapes, while performing the same or similar function. For example, connector component reinforcement structures 721 could be made to have one or more non-orthogonal and non-parallel brace elements (e.g. similar to brace elements 832A, 832B, 834A, 834B, 836A, 836B, 838A, 838B, 840A, 840B described above) or connector component reinforcement structures 721 could be made to have one or more orthogonal and parallel brace elements.
In other respects, formwork 728 is substantially similar to formwork 128 described herein.
Formwork 728′ differs from formwork 728 in that formwork 728′ comprises support members 136 (substantially identical to those of formwork 128) and edge-adjacent pairs of panels 733′ are each provided with a J-shaped connector component 742A′, 742B′ at their transverse edges for engaging a portion of the connector component 139 of support member 136. More particularly, when panels 733′ are connected in edge-adjacent relationship, a pair of J-shaped connector components 742A′ 742B′ (one from each edge-adjacent panel 733′) together provide a “double-J” shaped female connector component for receiving the complementary connector component 139 of support member 136. This configuration of connector components may help to reinforce the connections between edge-adjacent panels 733′.
In other respects, formwork 728 is substantially similar to formwork 128 described herein.
Processes, methods, lists and the like are presented in a given order. Alternative examples may be performed in a different order, and some elements may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and/or modified to provide additional, alternative or sub-combinations. Each of these elements may be implemented in a variety of different ways. Also, while elements are at times shown as being performed in series, they may instead be performed in parallel, or may be performed at different times. Some elements may be of a conditional nature, which is not shown for simplicity
Where a component (e.g. a connector component, etc.) is referred to above, unless otherwise indicated, reference to that component (including a reference to a “means”) should be interpreted as including as equivalents of that component any component which performs the function of the described component (i.e. that is functionally equivalent), including components which are not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the illustrated exemplary embodiments of the invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that directional conventions such as “vertical”, “transverse”, “horizontal”, “upward”, “downward”, “forward”, “backward”, “inward”, “outward”, “vertical”, “transverse” and the like, used in this description and any accompanying claims (where present) depend on the specific orientation of the apparatus described. Accordingly, these directional terms are not strictly defined and should not be interpreted narrowly.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and any claims (where present), the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense, that is, in the sense of “including, but not limited to.” As used herein, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variant thereof, means any connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements; the coupling or connection between the elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import, shall refer to this document as a whole and not to any particular portions. Where the context permits, words using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number respectively. The word “or,” in reference to a list of two or more items, covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.
While a number of exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations thereof. For example:
This application claims the benefit of the priority of U.S. application No. 61/563,595 filed on 24 Nov. 2011. U.S. application No. 61/563,595 is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/CA2012/050850 | 11/23/2012 | WO | 00 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO2013/075251 | 5/30/2013 | WO | A |
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