Patent Application
20220074319
The present invention relates to a steam turbine and an exhaust chamber therefor.
Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-247168, filed on Dec. 28, 2018, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
A steam turbine includes an exhaust chamber that guides steam flowing out from a last stage rotor blade row of a turbine rotor to an outside. The exhaust chamber has a diffuser and an exhaust casing. The diffuser has an annular shape with respect to an axis of the turbine rotor, and forms a diffuser space gradually facing a radial outer side toward an axial downstream side. The diffuser has an outer diffuser (or a steam guide and a flow guide) that defines an edge on the radial outer side of the diffuser space, and an inner diffuser (or a bearing cone) that defines an edge on a radial inner side of the diffuser space. The steam flowing out from the last stage rotor blade row of the turbine rotor flows into the diffuser space. The exhaust casing communicates with the diffuser space, and spreads in a circumferential direction with respect to the axis, thereby forming an exhaust space through which the steam from the diffuser space flows. The exhaust casing has an exhaust port for exhausting the steam flowing inside the exhaust space to the outside.
For example, the exhaust casing in the exhaust chamber disclosed in PTL 1 below has a casing downstream-side end plate that defines an edge on the axial downstream side of the exhaust space, and a casing outer peripheral plate that defines an edge on the radial outer side of the exhaust space. The casing downstream-side end plate is perpendicular to the axis, and spreads to the radial outer side from an edge on the axial downstream side of the inner diffuser. The steam turbine is a downward exhaust type steam turbine. Therefore, the exhaust port is formed in a lower portion of the casing outer peripheral plate. The casing outer peripheral plate is connected to an edge on the radial outer side of the casing downstream-side end plate, and spreads in the circumferential direction around the axis.
The exhaust chamber in the steam turbine further has a bypass wall plate on the radial outer side of the inner diffuser to form a bypass passage having an annular shape around the axis. The bypass wall plate extends to the radial outer side, and spreads in the circumferential direction toward the axial downstream side. The edge on the axial downstream side of the bypass wall plate is connected to a position on the radial outer side from a position to which the inner diffuser is connected, on the casing downstream-side end plate. The bypass wall plate has openings through which the diffuser space and the bypass passage communicate with each other, on a lower side where the exhaust port is formed with reference to the axis and an upper side opposite thereto. The opening on the upper side is open from the inside of the bypass passage toward the axial upstream side. The steam inside the diffuser space flows into the bypass passage via the opening on the upper side. The steam flowing into the bypass passage returns to the inside of the diffuser space via the opening on the lower side.
According to a technique disclosed in PTL 1, in order to reduce a pressure loss of the steam inside the exhaust space and in an upper region with reference to the axis, a portion of the steam inside the diffuser space and in the upper region with reference to the axis is introduced into the bypass passage, and the steam is caused to return from the pass passage into the diffuser space and into a lower region with reference to the axis.
[PTL 1] U.S. Pat. No. 6,419,448
In an exhaust chamber, a pressure of steam flowing out from a last stage rotor blade row is restored. As a pressure recovery amount increases, the pressure of the steam is lowered immediately after the steam flows out from the last stage rotor blade row, thereby improving turbine efficiency. Therefore, it is desirable to increase the pressure recovery amount by reducing a pressure loss of the steam flowing inside the exhaust chamber.
In addition, in recent years, since renewable energy such as wind power and solar energy is substituted, there is a demand for a flexible operation for absorbing load fluctuations in a thermal power plant. When the flexible operation is performed, in some cases, an operation other than a rated operation may be performed. When the operation other than the rated operation is performed, delamination or a backflow occurs inside the exhaust chamber, and the pressure loss increases inside the exhaust chamber, thereby decreasing the pressure recovery amount.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust chamber and a steam turbine including the exhaust chamber, which are capable of increasing a pressure recovery amount by reducing a pressure loss of steam.
According to an aspect of the invention, in order to achieve the above-described object, there is provided an exhaust chamber of a steam turbine which guides steam flowing out from a last stage rotor blade row of a steam turbine rotor rotating around an axis to an outside.
The exhaust chamber includes a diffuser into which the steam flowing out from the last stage rotor blade row flows, having an annular shape with respect to the axis, and forming a diffuser space that gradually spreads to a radial outer side with respect to the axis toward an axial downstream side, an exhaust casing having an exhaust port open toward the radial outer side, communicating with the diffuser space, spreading in a circumferential direction with respect to the axis, and forming an exhaust space that guides the steam flowing from the diffuser space to the exhaust port, and an auxiliary exhaust frame including a partial region on a radial inner side from the diffuser with respect to the axis, and forming an exhaust auxiliary space having an annular shape around the axis. The diffuser has an outer diffuser having an annular cross section perpendicular to the axis, gradually spreading to the radial outer side toward the axial downstream side, and defining an edge on the radial outer side of the diffuser space, and an inner diffuser having an annular cross section perpendicular to the axis, gradually spreading to the radial outer side toward the axial downstream side, and defining an edge on the radial inner side of the diffuser space with respect to the axis. The exhaust casing has an exhaust port only on an exhaust side, out of a non-exhaust side and the exhaust side which are sides to opposite to each other with reference to the axis in an orthogonal direction orthogonal to the axis. The auxiliary exhaust frame has an opening open toward the radial outer side from an inside of the exhaust auxiliary space, in at least a portion on the non-exhaust side and the exhaust side with reference to the axis, and through which the exhaust space and the exhaust auxiliary space communicate with each other.
In some cases, a circulation region in which the steam circulates may be formed inside the exhaust main flow path formed by the diffuser space and the exhaust space and in a region on the non-exhaust side with reference to the axis. In particular, in a case of a low load operation having a low flow rate of the steam flowing into the steam turbine, or in a case of a low vacuum degree inside the condenser, there is a high possibility that the circulation region may be formed. When the circulation region is formed inside the exhaust main flow path in this way, a pressure loss of the steam increases, and a pressure recovery amount of the steam inside the exhaust main flow path decreases.
The above-described circulation region is formed in a region along the casing downstream-side end plate that defines the edge on the axial downstream side of the exhaust space, in the configuration elements of the exhaust casing. Inside the circulation region, a portion of the steam flows to the radial inner side along the casing downstream-side end plate. In the present aspect, even when the steam flows in this way, the steam enters the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space via the opening in the portion on the non-exhaust side of the auxiliary exhaust frame. The steam passes through the opening in the portion on the exhaust side of the auxiliary exhaust frame, flows into the region on the exhaust side with reference to the axis in the exhaust main flow path, and is exhausted from the exhaust port.
In the present aspect, the opening of the auxiliary exhaust frame is open from the inside toward the radial outer side of the exhaust auxiliary space. Therefore, in the present aspect, the steam flowing to the radial inner side along the casing downstream-side end plate inside the exhaust main flow path and inside the region on the non-exhaust side with reference to the axis is likely to enter the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space via the opening in the portion on the non-exhaust side of the auxiliary exhaust frame.
Therefore, in the present aspect, the circulation region is reduced, and the circulation region can be limited within the region on the radial outer side inside the exhaust main flow path. Therefore, in the present aspect, the pressure loss of the steam is reduced, and the pressure recovery amount of the steam inside the exhaust main flow path can be improved.
Here, in the exhaust chamber according to the aspect, the auxiliary exhaust frame may have a frame downstream-side end plate that defines an edge on the axial downstream side in the exhaust auxiliary space. The exhaust casing may have a casing downstream-side end plate that defines an edge on the axial downstream side in the exhaust space. In this case, the frame downstream-side end plate spreads in the direction including the radial component with respect to the axis and in the circumferential direction, and has an annular shape around the axis. The casing downstream-side end plate spreads in the direction including the radial component with respect to the axis and in the circumferential direction, and has an edge on the radial inner side having an annular shape around the axis. An edge on the radial outer side of the frame downstream-side end plate defines an edge on the axial downstream side of the opening. The edge on the radial inner side of the casing downstream-side end plate and the edge on the radial outer side of the frame downstream-side end plate are connected to each other.
In the present aspect, the edge on the radial inner side of the casing downstream-side end plate and the edge on the radial outer side of the frame downstream-side end plate are connected to each other. Accordingly, the steam flowing to the radial inner side along the casing downstream-side end plate can be easily introduced into the exhaust auxiliary space via the opening in the portion on the non-exhaust side of the auxiliary exhaust frame.
In the exhaust chamber according to the aspect having the frame downstream-side end plate, an inner surface facing the exhaust auxiliary space in the frame downstream-side end plate and an inner surface facing the exhaust space in the casing downstream-side end plate may be smoothly continuous with each other in a portion where the frame downstream-side end plate and the casing downstream-side end plate are connected to each other.
In the present aspect, resistance can be minimized in a process of allowing the steam flowing to the radial inner side along the casing downstream-side end plate to flow into the exhaust auxiliary space via the opening in the portion on the non-exhaust side of the auxiliary exhaust frame.
The exhaust chamber according to any one of the above-described aspects having the frame downstream-side end plate may further include a second exhaust auxiliary space communicating with at least a portion on the non-exhaust side in the exhaust space, and forming a second auxiliary exhaust frame different from a first exhaust auxiliary space which is the exhaust auxiliary space, in addition to a first auxiliary exhaust frame which is the auxiliary exhaust frame. In this case, the exhaust casing has a casing outer peripheral plate that defines an edge on the radial outer side in the exhaust space. The second auxiliary exhaust frame has a second frame inner peripheral plate spreading in the circumferential direction at a position on the non-exhaust side with reference to the axis and on the radial inner side from the casing outer peripheral plate, and extending in the direction including the axial direction in which the axis extends from the casing downstream-side end plate. The second frame inner peripheral plate defines an edge on the radial inner side of the second exhaust auxiliary space. An edge on an axial upstream side opposite to the axial downstream side in the second frame inner peripheral plate defines an edge on the radial inner side of a second opening through which the exhaust space and the second exhaust auxiliary space communicate with each other.
In the present aspect, the steam inside the exhaust space and inside the region on the non-exhaust side with reference to the axis can be guided into the second exhaust auxiliary space. Therefore, in the present aspect, it is possible to reduce the circulation region in which the steam circulates inside the exhaust space and inside the region on the non-exhaust side with reference to the axis.
In the exhaust chamber according to the aspect including the second auxiliary exhaust frame, the second frame inner peripheral plate may gradually spread to the radial outer side toward the axial upstream side.
In the exhaust chamber according to any one of the above-described aspects including the second auxiliary exhaust frame, the second frame inner peripheral plate may extend toward the axial downstream side from an end on the radial outer side of the casing downstream-side end plate. The second exhaust auxiliary space may be formed on the axial downstream side from the casing downstream-side end plate.
In the exhaust chamber according to any one of the above-described aspects including the second auxiliary exhaust frame, the second frame inner peripheral plate may extend toward the axial upstream side from a position on the radial inner side from an end on the radial outer side in the casing downstream-side end plate. The second exhaust auxiliary space may be formed on the axial upstream side from the casing downstream-side end plate.
In the exhaust chamber according to any one of the above-described aspects, within a circumferential region where the opening is present in the circumferential direction, an edge on the axial downstream side of the inner diffuser may define an edge on the axial upstream side opposite to the axial downstream side in the opening.
In the exhaust chamber according to the aspect in which the edge on the axial downstream side of the inner diffuser defines the edge on the axial upstream side in the opening, the auxiliary exhaust frame may have a frame upstream-side end plate that defines an edge on the axial upstream side in the exhaust auxiliary space. In this case, the frame upstream-side end plate has an annular shape around the axis. In addition, an edge on the radial outer side of the frame upstream-side end plate is connected to a portion that defines an edge on the axial upstream side of the opening, which is an edge on the axial downstream side of the inner diffuser.
In the exhaust chamber according to the aspect having the frame upstream-side end plate, an inner surface facing the exhaust auxiliary space in the frame upstream-side end plate may be a surface gradually facing the axial upstream side toward the radial inner side.
In the present aspect, a volume of the exhaust auxiliary space can be increased compared to a case where the position of the edge on the radial outer side of the frame upstream-side end plate in the axial direction is the same as the position of the edge on the radial inner side of the frame upstream-side end plate in the axial direction. Therefore, in the present aspect, even when the flow rate of the steam flowing to the radial inner side increases along the casing downstream-side end plate inside the exhaust space and inside the region on the non-exhaust side with reference to the axis, the steam can be introduced into the exhaust auxiliary space.
A flow directional component of the steam flowing inside the exhaust main flow path on the exhaust side with reference to the axis includes a directional component facing the axial downstream side. As described above, the inner surface facing the exhaust auxiliary space in the frame upstream-side end plate according to the present aspect gradually faces the axial upstream side as toward the radial inner side. In other words, the inner surface facing the exhaust auxiliary space in the frame upstream-side end plate according to the present aspect gradually faces the axial downstream side toward the radial outer side. Therefore, in the present aspect, the flow directional component of the steam flowing into the exhaust main flow path on the exhaust side with reference to the axis from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space via the opening on the exhaust side includes the directional component facing the axial downstream side. Therefore, in the present aspect, it is possible to reduce an angle formed between the flow direction of the steam flowing into the exhaust main flow path on the exhaust side with reference to the axis from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space via the opening on the exhaust side, and the flow direction of the steam flowing inside the exhaust main flow path on the exhaust side with reference to the axis. Therefore, in the present aspect, a flow turbulence of the steam flowing inside the exhaust main flow path on the exhaust side with reference to the axis decreases, and the pressure loss of the steam can be reduced.
In the exhaust chamber according to the aspect in which the edge on the axial downstream side of the inner diffuser defines the edge on the axial upstream side in the opening, the auxiliary exhaust frame may have a frame upstream-side end plate that defines an edge on the axial upstream side in the exhaust auxiliary space. In this case, the frame upstream-side end plate has an annular shape around the axis. In addition, an edge on the radial outer side of the frame upstream-side end plate is connected to the inner diffuser at a position on the axial upstream side from an edge on the axial upstream side of the opening.
In the present aspect, a volume of the exhaust auxiliary space can be increased, compared to a case where the edge on the radial outer side of the frame upstream-side end plate is connected to a portion that defines the edge on the axial downstream side of the opening, which is the edge on the axial upstream side of the inner diffuser. Therefore, in the present aspect, even when the flow rate of the steam flowing to the radial inner side increases along the casing downstream-side end plate inside the exhaust space and inside the region on the non-exhaust side with reference to the axis, the steam can be introduced into the exhaust auxiliary space.
A flow directional component of the steam flowing inside the exhaust main flow path on the exhaust side with reference to the axis includes a directional component facing the axial downstream side. In the present aspect, the edge on the radial outer side of the frame upstream-side end plate is connected to the inner diffuser at the position on the axial upstream side from the edge on the axial upstream side of the opening. Therefore, in the present aspect, a portion of the steam inside the exhaust auxiliary space flows along the inner peripheral surface of the inner diffuser. The inner peripheral surface of the inner diffuser gradually spreads to the axial downstream side toward the radial outer side. Therefore, a portion of the steam inside the exhaust auxiliary space flows to the axial downstream side toward the radial outer side. Therefore, in the present aspect, the flow directional component of the steam flowing into the exhaust main flow path on the exhaust side with reference to the axis from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space via the opening on the exhaust side includes the directional component facing the axial downstream side. Therefore, in the present aspect, it is possible to reduce an angle formed between the flow direction of the steam flowing into the exhaust main flow path on the exhaust side with reference to the axis from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space via the opening on the exhaust side, and the flow direction of the steam flowing inside the exhaust main flow path on the exhaust side with reference to the axis. Therefore, in the present aspect, a flow turbulence of the steam flowing inside the exhaust main flow path on the exhaust side with reference to the axis decreases, and the pressure loss of the steam can be reduced.
In the exhaust chamber of the steam turbine according to any one of the above-described aspects, the opening may have an annular shape with reference to the axis.
According to an aspect of the invention, in order to achieve the above-described object, there is provided a steam turbine.
The steam turbine includes the exhaust chamber according to any one of the above-described aspects, the steam turbine rotor, a cylinder casing that covers an outer peripheral side of the steam turbine rotor, and a stator blade row disposed on an inner peripheral side of the cylinder casing, and in which an end on the radial outer side is attached to the cylinder casing. The outer diffuser is connected to the cylinder casing.
In the exhaust chamber according to an aspect of the present invention, the pressure recovery amount can be increased by reducing the pressure loss of the steam.
Hereinafter, various embodiments of a steam turbine including an exhaust chamber according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
A first embodiment of the steam turbine according to the present invention will be described with reference to
The steam turbine of the first embodiment is a two-way exhaust type steam turbine. Therefore, as illustrated in
The first steam turbine unit 10a and the second steam turbine unit 10b share a steam inlet duct 19. Components of the first steam turbine unit 10a excluding the steam inlet duct 19 are disposed on one side in an axial direction Da with reference to the steam inlet duct 19. In addition, components of second steam turbine unit 10b excluding the steam inlet duct 19 are disposed on the other side in the axial direction Da with reference to the steam inlet duct 19. In each of the steam turbine units 10a and 10b, a side of the steam inlet duct 19 is the axial direction Da will be referred to as an axial upstream side Dau, and a side opposite thereto will be referred to as an axial downstream side Dad.
A configuration of the first steam turbine unit 10a and a configuration of the second steam turbine unit 10b are basically the same as each other. Therefore, hereinafter, the first steam turbine unit 10a will be mainly described.
The turbine rotor 11 has a rotor shaft 12 extending in the axial direction Da around the axis Ar, and a plurality of rotor blade rows 13 attached to the rotor shaft 12. The turbine rotor 11 is supported to be rotatable around the axis Ar by a bearing 18. The plurality of rotor blade rows 13 are aligned in the axial direction Da. Each of the rotor blade rows 13 is configured to include a plurality of rotor blades aligned in the circumferential direction Dc. The turbine rotor 11 of the first steam turbine unit 10a and the turbine rotor 11 of the second steam turbine unit 10b are located on the same axis Ar, are connected to each other, and integrally rotate around the axis Ar.
The casing 20 has a cylinder casing 21 and an exhaust chamber 25. The cylinder casing 21 forms a substantially conical space around the axis Ar, and covers an outer periphery of the turbine rotor 11. The plurality of rotor blade rows 13 of the turbine rotor 11 are disposed in the conical space. The plurality of stator blade rows 17 are aligned along the axial direction Da, and are disposed inside the conical space. Each of the plurality of stator blade rows 17 is disposed on the axial upstream side Dau of any one rotor blade row 13 of the plurality of rotor blade rows 13. The plurality of stator blade rows 17 are fixed to the cylinder casing 21.
As illustrated in
The diffuser 26 has an annular shape with respect to the axis Ar, and forms a diffuser space 26s gradually facing the radial outer side Dro toward the axial downstream side Dad. The steam flowing out from the last stage rotor blade row 13a of the turbine rotor 11 flows into the diffuser space 26s. The last stage rotor blade row 13a is the rotor blade row 13 disposed on the most axial downstream side Dad, out of the plurality of rotor blade rows 13. The diffuser 26 has an outer diffuser (or steam guide, flow guide) 27 that defines an edge on the radial outer side Dro of the diffuser space 26s, and an inner diffuser (or bearing cone) 29 that defines an edge on the radial inner side Dri of the diffuser space 26s. The outer diffuser 27 has an annular cross section perpendicular to the axis Ar, and gradually spreads to the radial outer side Dro toward the axial downstream side Dad. The inner diffuser 29 also has an annular cross section perpendicular to the axis Ar, and gradually spreads toward the radial outer side Dro toward the axial downstream side Dad. The outer diffuser 27 is connected to the cylinder casing 21.
The exhaust casing 30 has an exhaust port 31. The exhaust port 31 is open to the radial outer side Dro from the inside in a vertically downward direction. A condenser Co that returns steam to water is connected to the exhaust port 31. Therefore, the steam turbine of the present embodiment is a downward exhaust type condensing steam turbine. Here, a non-exhaust side Dpu and an exhaust side Dpe form mutually opposite sides with reference to the axis Ar in an orthogonal direction orthogonal to the axis Ar. The steam turbine of the present embodiment is the downward exhaust type condensing steam turbine as described above. Accordingly, the exhaust side Dpe is a vertically lower side, and the non-exhaust side Dpu is a vertical upper side.
The exhaust casing 30 forms an exhaust space 30s communicating with the diffuser 26. The exhaust space 30s has an outer periphery of the diffuser 26 which spreads in the circumferential direction Dc with respect to the axis Ar, and guides the steam flowing from the diffuser space 26s to the exhaust port 31. The exhaust casing 30 has a casing downstream-side end plate 32, a casing upstream-side end plate 34, and a casing outer peripheral plate 36.
The casing downstream-side end plate 32 defines an edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the exhaust space 30s. The casing downstream-side end plate 32 spreads in a direction including a component in the radial direction Dr and in the circumferential direction Dc, and is substantially perpendicular to the axis Ar. A portion above the axis Ar in the casing downstream-side end plate 32 has a substantially semicircular shape. On the other hand, a portion below the axis Ar in the casing downstream-side end plate 32 has a substantially rectangular shape. However, the casing downstream-side end plate 32 has a circular opening formed around the axis Ar. An edge on the circular opening forms an edge on the radial inner side Dri of the casing downstream-side end plate 32. A lower edge on the casing downstream-side end plate 32 forms a portion of an edge on the exhaust port 31.
The casing outer peripheral plate 36 defines an edge on the radial outer side Dro of the exhaust space 30s. The casing outer peripheral plate 36 is connected to an edge on the radial outer side Dro of the casing downstream-side end plate 32, spreads in the axial direction Da, and spreads in the circumferential direction Dc around the axis Ar. The casing outer peripheral plate 36 has a semi-circular shape (semi-cylindrical shape) whose upper side forms a semi-cylinder. An edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the casing outer peripheral plate 36 is connected to the casing downstream-side end plate 32. In addition, a lower edge on the casing outer peripheral plate 36 forms a portion of an edge on the exhaust port 31.
The casing upstream-side end plate 34 defines an edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the exhaust space 30s. The casing upstream-side end plate 34 is disposed on the axial upstream side Dau from the diffuser 26. The casing upstream-side end plate 34 spreads to the radial outer side Dro from an outer peripheral surface 21o of the cylinder casing 21. The casing upstream-side end plate 34 is substantially perpendicular to the axis Ar. Therefore, the casing upstream-side end plate 34 faces the casing downstream-side end plate 32 at an interval therebetween in the axial direction Da. A lower edge on the casing upstream-side end plate 34 forms a portion of the edge on the exhaust port 31. In an edge on the radial outer side Dro of the casing upstream-side end plate 34, a portion excluding a portion forming the edge on the exhaust port 31 is connected to the casing outer peripheral plate 36.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
The auxiliary exhaust frame 40 has an opening 41 open toward the radial outer side Dro from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s, and through which the exhaust space 30s and the exhaust auxiliary space 40s communicate with each other. The opening 41 is has an annular shape around the axis Ar. An edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the opening 41 is defined by an edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the inner diffuser 29. Hereinafter, in the opening 41, a portion facing vertically upward from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s will be referred to as a non-exhaust side opening portion 41u, and a portion facing vertically downward from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s will be referred to as an exhaust side opening portion 41e.
The auxiliary exhaust frame 40 has a frame downstream-side end plate 42, a frame upstream-side end plate 43, and a frame inner peripheral plate 44.
The frame downstream-side end plate 42 defines an edge on the axial downstream side Dad in the exhaust auxiliary space 40s. The frame downstream-side end plate 42 is an annular plate spreading in the direction including the component in the radial direction Dr and in the circumferential direction Dc. The edge on the radial outer side Dro of the frame downstream-side end plate 42 is connected to the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the casing downstream-side end plate 32. An inner surface facing the exhaust auxiliary space 40s in the frame downstream-side end plate 42 and an inner surface facing the exhaust space 30s in the casing downstream-side end plate 32 are smoothly continuous with a portion where the frame downstream-side end plate 42 and the casing downstream-side end plate 32 are connected to each other. In the present embodiment, both the inner surface facing the exhaust auxiliary space 40s in the frame downstream-side end plate 42 and the inner surface facing the exhaust space 30s in the casing downstream-side end plate 32 are surfaces spreading in the radial direction Dr and the circumferential direction Dc, and are connected to be flush with each other. Therefore, the inner surface facing the exhaust auxiliary space 40s in the frame downstream-side end plate 42 and the inner surface facing the exhaust space 30s in the casing downstream-side end plate 32 are located one virtual plane spreading in the radial direction Dr and the circumferential direction Dc.
The edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the opening 41 is defined by the edge on the radial outer side Dro of the frame downstream-side end plate 42.
The frame upstream-side end plate 43 defines the edge on the axial upstream side Dau in the exhaust auxiliary space 40s. The frame upstream-side end plate 43 is an annular plate spreading in the radial direction Dr and the circumferential direction Dc. The edge on the radial outer side Dro of the frame upstream-side end plate 43 is connected to the edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the inner diffuser 29, that is, a portion of the inner diffuser 29 which defines the edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the opening 41.
The frame inner peripheral plate 44 defines the edge on the radial inner side Dri in the exhaust auxiliary space 40s. The frame inner peripheral plate 44 connects the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the frame upstream-side end plate 43 and the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the frame downstream-side end plate 42. The frame inner peripheral plate 44 has an upstream-side inner peripheral plate 45 and a downstream-side inner peripheral plate 46. The upstream-side inner peripheral plate 45 has an annular shape around the axis Ar, and extends in the axial direction Da. The edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the upstream-side inner peripheral plate 45 is connected to the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the frame upstream-side end plate 43. The downstream-side inner peripheral plate 46 has an annular shape around the axis Ar, and gradually extends to the radial outer side Dro toward the axial downstream side Dad. The edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the downstream-side inner peripheral plate 46 is connected to the edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the upstream-side inner peripheral plate 45. The edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the downstream-side inner peripheral plate 46 is connected to the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the frame downstream-side end plate 42.
Next, before an advantageous effect of the exhaust chamber 25 is described, an exhaust chamber of a comparative example will be described with reference to
The exhaust chamber 25x of the comparative example has a diffuser 26x and an exhaust casing 30x, as in the exhaust chamber 25 of the present embodiment. However, the exhaust chamber 25x of the comparative example does not have the auxiliary exhaust frame 40 of the exhaust chamber 25 in the present embodiment. The diffuser 26x of the comparative example has the outer diffuser 27 and an inner diffuser 29x, as in the diffuser 26 of the present embodiment. However, since the exhaust chamber 25x of the comparative example does not have the auxiliary exhaust frame 40, the openings 41u and 41e of the present embodiment are not formed in the inner diffuser 29x of the comparative example. As in the exhaust casing 30 of the present embodiment, the exhaust casing 30x of the comparative example has a casing downstream-side end plate 32x, the casing upstream-side end plate 34, and the casing outer peripheral plate 36. An edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the inner diffuser 29x of the comparative example is connected to the casing downstream-side end plate 32x.
As a result of analyzing a steam flow inside the exhaust chamber 25x of the comparative example, it was found that the steam flows inside the exhaust chamber 25x as follows.
The steam flowing out from the last stage rotor blade row 13a of the turbine rotor to the axial downstream side Dad flows into the diffuser space 26s. While the steam flows toward the axial downstream side Dad inside the diffuser space 26s, the steam flows toward the radial outer side Dro, and flows into the exhaust space 30s.
Inside the exhaust space 30s and in a region on the non-exhaust side Dpu (hereinafter, referred to as a non-exhaust side exhaust space 30su) with reference to the axis Ar, the steam flowing into the exhaust space 30s along the inner peripheral surface of the outer diffuser 27 flows in an extending direction of a tangent line in an end on the radial outer side Dro of the inner peripheral surface of the outer diffuser 27, that is, in a tangential direction. When the steam collides with the casing outer peripheral plate 36, a portion of the steam flows to the axial upstream side Dau along the casing outer peripheral plate 36, and a portion of the steam flows to the axial downstream side Dad along the casing outer peripheral plate 36.
The steam flowing to the axial upstream side Dau along the casing outer peripheral plate 36 gradually changes a flow direction to the circumferential direction Dc, and flows to the exhaust side Dpe along the casing outer peripheral plate 36. Then, the steam is exhausted from the exhaust port 31. On the other hand, the steam flowing to the axial downstream side Dad along the casing outer peripheral plate 36 flows to a base portion side of the last stage rotor blade row 13a along the casing downstream-side end plate 32x and the inner diffuser 29x. That is, the steam flowing to the axial downstream side Dad along the casing outer peripheral plate 36 flows to the radial inner side Dri along the casing downstream-side end plate 32x. Furthermore, while the steam flows toward the radial inner side Dri along the inner peripheral surface of the inner diffuser 29, the steam flows to the axial upstream side Dau. Therefore, steam flows back in a region along the casing downstream-side end plate 32x inside the exhaust space 30s and in a region along the inner diffuser 29x inside the diffuser space 26s. The steam flowing back inside the diffuser space 26s flows close to the outer diffuser 27 side, and flows again to the radial outer side Dro. Therefore, a circulation region Zx in which the steam circulates is formed inside the exhaust main flow path S and inside a region on the non-exhaust side Dpu (hereinafter, referred to as a non-exhaust side main flow path Su) with reference to the axis Ar. The exhaust main flow path S is a space in which the diffuser space 26s and the exhaust space 30s are combined with each other.
On the other hand, inside the exhaust space 30s and inside a region on the exhaust side Dpe with reference to the axis Ar (hereinafter, referred to as an exhaust side exhaust space 30se), a flow direction of the steam flowing into the exhaust space 30s along the inner peripheral surface of the outer diffuser 27 is a direction including a component in the tangential direction in which the tangential line extends in the end on the radial outer side Dro of the inner peripheral surface and a directional component on a side closer to the exhaust port 31 in the circumferential direction Dc with respect to the axis Ar. The reason is as follows. The steam containing a large amount of the component in the circumferential direction Dc flows into a region on the exhaust side Dpe from a region on the non-exhaust side Dpu inside the exhaust chamber 25x. In addition, the above-described tangential direction includes a directional component facing the radial outer side Dro. Inside the exhaust side exhaust space 30se, the exhaust port 31 is formed on the radial outer side Dro. Therefore, inside the exhaust main flow path S and in a region on the exhaust side Dpe with reference to the axis Ar (hereinafter, referred to as an exhaust side main flow path Se), the backflow of the steam is not substantially generated as in the region on the non-exhaust side Dpu.
As described above, in the comparative example, a portion of a cross-sectional area of the flow path inside the exhaust main flow path S cannot be effectively used to exhaust the steam. Consequently, the pressure loss of the steam increases.
In a case of a low load operation having a low flow rate of the steam flowing into the steam turbine, or in a case of low vacuum inside the condenser Co, with regard to a directional component in the flow direction of the steam flowing out from the last stage rotor blade row 13a of the turbine rotor, a component in the circumferential direction Dc around the axis Ar, that is, a turning component is relatively larger than a directional component toward the axial downstream side Dad. Therefore, in this case, the steam flowing out from the last stage rotor blade row 13a of the turbine rotor has a strong tendency to be deflected to the radial outer side Dro inside the diffuser space 26s. Therefore, in the steam flowing into the diffuser space 26s, the flow rate of the steam on the outer diffuser 27 side is higher than the flow rate of the steam on the inner diffuser 29x side. That is, in the case of the low load operation or in the case of low vacuum inside the condenser Co, the flow of the steam flowing along the inner peripheral surface of the outer diffuser 27 increases. Therefore, in the comparative example, in the case of the low load operation or in the case of low vacuum inside the condenser Co, the amount of steam flowing back inside the exhaust chamber 25x further increases, and the pressure loss of the steam increases.
Next, an advantageous effect of the exhaust chamber 25 in the present embodiment described above will be described with reference to
As a result of analyzing the flow of the steam inside the exhaust chamber 25 in the present embodiment, it was found that the steam flows inside the exhaust chamber 25 as follows.
In the present embodiment, the steam flowing out from the last stage rotor blade row 13a of the turbine rotor to the axial downstream side Dad also flows into the diffuser space 26s, as in the comparative example. While the steam flows toward the axial downstream side Dad inside the diffuser space 26s, the steam flows toward the radial outer side Dro, and flows into the exhaust space 30s.
As in the comparative example, inside the non-exhaust side exhaust space 30su, the steam flowing into the non-exhaust side exhaust space 30su along the inner peripheral surface of the outer diffuser 27 flows in the extending direction of the tangent line in the end of the radial outer side Dr on the inner peripheral surface of the outer diffuser 27, that is, in the tangential direction. When the steam collides with the casing outer peripheral plate 36, a portion of the steam flows to the axial upstream side Dau along the casing outer peripheral plate 36, and a portion of the steam flows to the axial downstream side Dad along the casing outer peripheral plate 36.
The steam flowing to the axial upstream side Dau along the casing outer peripheral plate 36 gradually changes a flow direction to the circumferential direction Dc, and flows to the exhaust side Dpe along the casing outer peripheral plate 36. Then, the steam is exhausted from the exhaust port 31. On the other hand, the steam flowing to the axial downstream side Dad along the casing outer peripheral plate 36 flows to the radial inner side Dri along the casing downstream-side end plate 32.
Incidentally, the pressure inside the exhaust auxiliary space 40s is higher than the pressure inside the exhaust side main flow path Se. Therefore, the fluid inside the exhaust auxiliary space 40s flows into the exhaust side main flow path Se via the exhaust side opening portion 41e of the auxiliary exhaust frame 40. In addition, the pressure inside the non-exhaust side main flow path Su is higher than the pressure inside the exhaust auxiliary space 40s. Therefore, a portion of the steam inside the non-exhaust side main flow path Su enters the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s via the non-exhaust side opening portion 41u of the auxiliary exhaust frame 40.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, as described above, even when the steam flowing to the radial inner side Dri is generated along the casing downstream-side end plate 32 inside the non-exhaust side main flow path Su, that is, even when the backflow of the steam is generated, the steam enters the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s via the non-exhaust side opening portion 41u of the auxiliary exhaust frame 40. Then, as described above, the steam flows into the exhaust side main flow path Se via the exhaust side opening portion 41e of the auxiliary exhaust frame 40, and is exhausted from the exhaust port 31.
In the present embodiment, the non-exhaust side opening portion 41u of the auxiliary exhaust frame 40 is open toward the radial outer side Dro from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the steam flowing to the radial inner side Dri along the casing downstream-side end plate 32 inside the non-exhaust side exhaust space 30su is likely to flow into the exhaust auxiliary space 40s via the non-exhaust side opening portion 41u of the auxiliary exhaust frame 40. In addition, in the present embodiment, an edge on the radial outer side Dro of the frame downstream-side end plate 42 in the auxiliary exhaust frame 40 is connected to an edge on the radial inner side Dri of the casing downstream-side end plate 32 in the exhaust casing 30. Moreover, in the present embodiment, an inner surface facing the exhaust auxiliary space 40s in the frame downstream-side end plate 42 and an inner surface facing the exhaust space 30s in the casing downstream-side end plate 32 are smoothly continuous with a portion where the frame downstream-side end plate 42 and the casing downstream-side end plate 32 are connected to each other. Therefore, in the present embodiment, resistance in a process in which the steam flowing to the radial inner side Dri along the casing downstream-side end plate 32 inside the non-exhaust side exhaust space 30su enters the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s can be minimized. In the present embodiment, from a viewpoint described above, the steam flowing to the radial inner side Dri along the casing downstream-side end plate 32 inside the non-exhaust side main flow path Su can easily flow into the exhaust auxiliary space 40s via the non-exhaust side opening portion 41u of the auxiliary exhaust frame 40.
In the present embodiment, the backflow of the steam is not substantially generated inside the exhaust side main flow path Se, as in the comparative example.
As described above, in the present embodiment, a portion of the steam flowing back inside the exhaust main flow path S can flow into the exhaust auxiliary space 40s. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the circulation region Z in which the steam flows back inside the exhaust main flow path S decreases than that in the comparative example, and the circulation region Z is limited within a region on to the radial outer side Dro inside the exhaust main flow path S. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the pressure loss of the steam decreases than that of the comparative example, and the pressure recovery amount of the steam inside the exhaust main flow path S can be improved.
A second embodiment of the steam turbine according to the present invention will be described with reference to
The steam turbine of the present embodiment is different from the steam turbine of the first embodiment only in a configuration of an exhaust chamber. Therefore, hereinafter, the exhaust chamber according to the present embodiment will be mainly described.
As illustrated in
As in the auxiliary exhaust frame 40 in the first embodiment, the auxiliary exhaust frame 40a in the present embodiment includes a partial region on the radial inner side Dri from the diffuser 26, and forms the exhaust auxiliary space 40s having an annular shape around the axis Ar.
As in the auxiliary exhaust frame 40 in the first embodiment, the auxiliary exhaust frame 40a has the opening 41 open toward the radial outer side Dro from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s, and through which the exhaust space 30s and the exhaust auxiliary space 40s communicate with each other. The opening 41 in the present embodiment has the annular shape around the axis Ar. An edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the opening 41 is defined by an edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the inner diffuser 29. In the opening 41, the portion facing vertically upward from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s is the non-exhaust side opening portion 41u, and the portion facing vertically downward from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s is the exhaust side opening portion 41e.
As in the auxiliary exhaust frame 40 in the first embodiment, the auxiliary exhaust frame 40a in the present embodiment has the frame downstream-side end plate 42, the frame upstream-side end plate 43a, and the frame inner peripheral plate 44.
The frame downstream-side end plate 42 defines an edge on the axial downstream side Dad in the exhaust auxiliary space 40s. The frame downstream-side end plate 42 is the same as the frame downstream-side end plate 42 in the first embodiment, and is an annular plate spreading in the direction including the component in the radial direction Dr and in the circumferential direction Dc. The edge on the radial outer side Dro of the frame downstream-side end plate 42 is connected to the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the casing downstream-side end plate 32.
The frame upstream-side end plate 43a defines an edge on the axial upstream side Dau in the exhaust auxiliary space 40s. As in the frame upstream-side end plate 43 in the first embodiment, the frame upstream-side end plate 43a is an annular plate spreading in the radial direction Dr and the circumferential direction Dc. However, unlike the frame upstream-side end plate 43 in the first embodiment, the frame upstream-side end plate 43a gradually spreads to the axial upstream side Dau toward the radial inner side Dri. Therefore, the inner surface facing the exhaust auxiliary space 40s in the frame upstream-side end plate 43a is a surface gradually facing the axial upstream side Dau toward the radial inner side Dri. The edge on the radial outer side Dro of the frame upstream-side end plate 43a is connected to the edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the inner diffuser 29, that is, the portion in the inner diffuser 29 which defines the edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the opening 41.
The frame inner peripheral plate 44 defines the edge on the radial inner side Dri in the exhaust auxiliary space 40s. The frame inner peripheral plate 44 connects the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the frame upstream-side end plate 43a and the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the frame downstream-side end plate 42 to each other. As described above, the frame upstream-side end plate 43a gradually spreads to the axial upstream side Dau toward the radial inner side Dri. Therefore, the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the frame upstream-side end plate 43a is located on the axial upstream side Dau from the edge on the radial outer side Dro of the frame upstream-side end plate 43a.
As described above, the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the frame upstream-side end plate 43a in the present embodiment is located on the axial upstream side Dau from the edge on the radial outer side Dro of the frame upstream-side end plate 43a. Therefore, even when in the axial direction Da, the position of the edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the opening 41 in the present embodiment is the same as the position of the edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the opening 41 in the first embodiment, and even when in the axial direction Da, the position of the edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the opening 41 in the present embodiment is the same as the position of the edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the opening 41 in the first embodiment, a volume of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s in the present embodiment can be increased than a volume of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s in the first embodiment.
Next, an advantageous effect of the exhaust chamber 25a in the present embodiment described above will be described with reference to
In the present embodiment, as in the comparative example and the first embodiment, the steam flowing out from the last stage rotor blade row 13a of the turbine rotor to the axial downstream side Dad flows into the diffuser space 26s. While the steam flows toward the axial downstream side Dad inside the diffuser space 26s, the steam flows toward the radial outer side Dro, and flows into the exhaust space 30s.
As in the comparative example and the first embodiment, in the non-exhaust side exhaust space 30su, the steam flowing to the radial inner side Dri, that is, the backflow of the steam is generated along the casing downstream-side end plate 32. In the present embodiment as well, as in the first embodiment, the steam enters the exhaust auxiliary space 40s through the non-exhaust side opening portion 41u of the auxiliary exhaust frame 40a. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the circulation region Z in which the steam flows back inside the exhaust main flow path S also decreases than that in the comparative example, and the circulation region Z can be limited within a region on the radial outer side Dro inside the exhaust main flow path S. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the pressure loss of the steam decreases than that of the comparative example, and the pressure recovery amount of the steam inside the exhaust main flow path S can be improved.
In addition, in the present embodiment, as described above, the volume of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s can be increased than the volume of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s in the first embodiment. Therefore, even when the flow rate of the steam flowing to the radial inner side Dri increases along the casing downstream-side end plate 32 inside the non-exhaust side exhaust space 30su, it is possible to cope with the increased flow rate. That is, in the present embodiment, even when the flow rate of the backflow of the steam increases, the steam can be introduced into the exhaust auxiliary space 40s.
Incidentally, in the first embodiment, as illustrated in
As described above, the frame upstream-side end plate 43a of the present embodiment gradually spreads to the axial upstream side Dau toward the radial inner side Dri. In other words, the frame upstream-side end plate 43a of the present embodiment gradually spreads to the axial downstream side Dad toward the radial outer side Dro. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the directional component on the radial outer side Dro in the flow direction of the steam flowing into the exhaust side main flow path Se from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s via the exhaust side opening portion 41e is smaller than the directional component on the radial outer side Dro in the flow direction of the steam in the first embodiment. Therefore, in the present embodiment, compared to the first embodiment, the flow turbulence of the steam flowing inside the exhaust side main flow path Se can be suppressed, and an increase in the pressure loss of the steam can be suppressed.
A third embodiment of the steam turbine according to the present invention will be described with reference to
The steam turbine in the present embodiment is different from the steam turbine in the first embodiment and the second embodiment only in a configuration of an exhaust chamber. Therefore, hereinafter, the exhaust chamber according to the present embodiment will be mainly described.
As illustrated in
As in the auxiliary exhaust frames 40 and 40a in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the auxiliary exhaust frame 40b in the present embodiment also includes a partial region on the radial inner side Dri from the diffuser 26, and forms the exhaust auxiliary space 40s having an annular shape around the axis Ar.
As in the auxiliary exhaust frame 40 in the first embodiment, the auxiliary exhaust frame 40b also has the opening 41 open toward the radial outer side Dro from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s, and through which the exhaust space 30s and the exhaust auxiliary space 40s communicate with each other. The opening 41 in the present embodiment has the annular shape around the axis Ar. An edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the opening 41 is defined by an edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the inner diffuser 29. In the opening 41, the portion facing vertically upward from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s is the non-exhaust side opening portion 41u, and the portion facing vertically downward from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s is the exhaust side opening portion 41e.
As in the auxiliary exhaust frame 40 in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the auxiliary exhaust frame 40b in the present embodiment has the frame downstream-side end plate 42, the frame upstream-side end plate 43b, and the frame inner peripheral plate 44.
The frame downstream-side end plate 42 defines an edge on the axial downstream side Dad in the exhaust auxiliary space 40s. The frame downstream-side end plate 42 is the same as the frame downstream-side end plate 42 in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and is an annular plate spreading in the direction including the component in the radial direction Dr and in the circumferential direction Dc. The edge on the radial outer side Dro of the frame downstream-side end plate 42 is connected to the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the casing downstream-side end plate 32.
The frame upstream-side end plate 43b defines an edge on the axial upstream side Dau in the exhaust auxiliary space 40s. The frame upstream-side end plate 43b is the same as the frame upstream-side end plate 43 in the first embodiment, and is an annular plate spreading in the radial direction Dr and the circumferential direction Dc. However, unlike the frame upstream-side end plates 43 and 43a in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the edge on the radial outer side Dro of the frame upstream-side end plate 43b is connected to the inner diffuser 29 at a position on the axial upstream side Dau from the edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the opening 41.
As described above, the edge on the radial outer side Dro of the frame upstream-side end plate 43b in the present embodiment is connected to the inner diffuser 29 at the position on the axial upstream side Dau from the edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the opening 41. Therefore, even when in the axial direction Da, the position of the edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the opening 41 in the present embodiment is the same as the position of the edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the opening 41 in the first embodiment, and even when in the axial direction Da, the position of the edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the opening 41 in the present embodiment is the same as the position of the edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the opening 41 in the first embodiment, the volume of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s in the present embodiment can be increased than the volume of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s in the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
Next, an advantageous effect of the exhaust chamber 25b in the present embodiment described above will be described with reference to
As in the comparative example, the first embodiment, and the second embodiment, in the present embodiment, the steam flowing out from the last stage rotor blade row 13a of the turbine rotor to the axial downstream side Dad also flows into the diffuser space 26s. While the steam flows toward the axial downstream side Dad inside the diffuser space 26s, the steam flows toward the radial outer side Dro, and flows into the exhaust space 30s.
As in the comparative example and the first embodiment, in the non-exhaust side exhaust space 30su, the steam flowing to the radial inner side Dri, that is, the backflow of the steam is generated along the casing downstream-side end plate 32. As in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, in the present embodiment, the steam also enters the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s via the non-exhaust side opening portion 41u of the auxiliary exhaust frame 40b. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the circulation region Z in which the steam flows back inside the exhaust main flow path S also decreases than that in the comparative example, and the circulation region Z can be limited within a region on the radial outer side Dro inside the exhaust main flow path S. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the pressure loss of the steam also decreases than that of the comparative example, and the pressure recovery amount of the steam inside the exhaust main flow path S can be improved.
In addition, in the present embodiment, as described above, the volume of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s can be increased than the volume of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s in the first embodiment and the second embodiment. Therefore, even when the flow rate of the steam flowing to the radial inner side Dri increases along the casing downstream-side end plate 32 inside the non-exhaust side exhaust space 30su, it is possible to cope with the increased flow rate. That is, in the present embodiment, even when the flow rate of the backflow of the steam increases, the steam can be introduced into the exhaust auxiliary space 40s.
As described above, the edge on the radial outer side Dro of the frame upstream-side end plate 43b of the present embodiment is connected to the inner diffuser 29 at the position on the axial upstream side Dau from the edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the opening portions 41u and 41e. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a portion of the steam inside the exhaust auxiliary space 40s on the exhaust side Dpe with reference to the axis Ar flows along the inner peripheral surface of the inner diffuser 29. The inner peripheral surface of the inner diffuser 29 gradually spreads to the axial downstream side Dad toward the radial outer side Dro. Accordingly, a portion of the steam inside the exhaust auxiliary space 40s gradually flows to the axial downstream side Dad toward the radial outer side Dro. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the directional component on the radial outer side Dro in the flow direction of the steam flowing into the exhaust side main flow path Se from the inside of the exhaust auxiliary space 40s via the exhaust side opening portion 41e is smaller than the directional component on the radial outer side Dro in the flow direction of the steam in the first embodiment. Therefore, in the present embodiment, as in the second embodiment, compared to the first embodiment, the flow turbulence of the steam flowing inside the exhaust side main flow path Se can be suppressed, and the pressure loss of the steam can decrease.
A fourth embodiment of the steam turbine according to the present invention will be described with reference to
The steam turbine in the present embodiment is a modification example of the steam turbine in the third embodiment.
As illustrated in
The second auxiliary exhaust frame 50c communicates with at least a portion on the non-exhaust side Dpu in the exhaust space 30s, and forms a second exhaust auxiliary space 50s different from the first exhaust auxiliary space 40s which is the exhaust auxiliary space 40s described above. The second exhaust auxiliary space 50s is a space spreading in the circumferential direction Dc along the casing outer peripheral plate 36 on the axial downstream side Dad from the casing downstream-side end plate 32, at least in a region on the non-exhaust side Dpu with reference to the axis Ar.
The second auxiliary exhaust frame 50c has a second frame outer peripheral plate 52, a second frame inner peripheral plate 53, and a second frame downstream-side end plate 54. The second frame outer peripheral plate 52 extends from the edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the casing outer peripheral plate 36 to the axial downstream side Dad and, spreads in the circumferential direction Dc, at least in a region on the non-exhaust side Dpu with reference to the axis Ar. The second frame inner peripheral plate 53 extends from the edge on the radial outer side Dro of the casing downstream-side end plate 32 to the axial downstream side Dad, and spreads in the circumferential direction Dc, at the position on the radial inner side Dri from the casing outer peripheral plate 36 and the second frame outer peripheral plate 52, at least in the region on the non-exhaust side Dpu with reference to the axis Ar. The second frame downstream-side end plate 54 is a plate spreading in the radial direction Dr and the circumferential direction Dc, at least in the region on the non-exhaust side Dpu with reference to the axis Ar. The edge on the radial outer side Dro on a second frame downstream-side end plate 54 is connected to the edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the second frame outer peripheral plate 52. In addition, the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the second frame downstream-side end plate 54 is connected to the edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the second frame inner peripheral plate 53.
The edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the second frame outer peripheral plate 52 defines the edge on the radial outer side Dro of the second opening 51 serving as the opening through which the exhaust space 30s and the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s communicate with each other. In addition, the edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the second frame inner peripheral plate 53 defines the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the second opening 51.
Next, an advantageous effect of the exhaust chamber 25c in the present embodiment described above will be described with reference to
The exhaust chamber 25c in the present embodiment has the first auxiliary exhaust frame 40b the same as the exhaust chamber 25b in the third embodiment. Accordingly, as in the third embodiment, a circulation region Zc inside a non-exhaust side exhaust main flow path Su can be reduced, compared to the comparative example, and the circulation region Zc can be limited within a region on the radial outer side Dro inside the exhaust main flow path S.
In the present embodiment, the region on the radial outer side Dro inside the exhaust main flow path S communicates with the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s. Therefore, a portion of the steam inside the region on the radial outer side Dro inside the exhaust main flow path S flows into the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s. As a result, the circulation region Zc inside the exhaust main flow path S further decreases due to the presence of the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s. A portion of the steam flowing into the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s circulates inside the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s, and thereafter, immediately returns to the exhaust main flow path S. In addition, the remaining portion of the steam flowing into the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s returns to the inside of the exhaust main flow path S from an end in the circumferential direction Dc of the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s spreading in the circumferential direction Dc.
As described above, in the present embodiment, the circulation region Zc in the exhaust main flow path S can be reduced, compared to the third embodiment.
A fifth embodiment of the steam turbine according to the present invention will be described with reference to
The steam turbine in the present embodiment is a modification example of the steam turbine in the third embodiment.
As illustrated in
As in the second auxiliary exhaust frame 50c in the fourth embodiment, the second auxiliary exhaust frame 50d communicates with at least a portion on the non-exhaust side Dpu in the exhaust space 30s, and forms a second exhaust auxiliary space 50s different from the first exhaust auxiliary space 40s. The second exhaust auxiliary space 50s is a space spreading in the circumferential direction Dc along the casing outer peripheral plate 36 on the axial downstream side Dad from the casing downstream-side end plate 32, at least in a region on the non-exhaust side Dpu with reference to the axis Ar.
As in the second auxiliary exhaust frame 50c in the fourth embodiment, the second auxiliary exhaust frame 50d has the second frame outer peripheral plate 52, the second frame inner peripheral plate 53d, and the second frame downstream-side end plate 54.
As in the second frame outer peripheral plate 52 in the fourth embodiment, the second frame outer peripheral plate 52 extends to the axial downstream side Dad from the edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the casing outer peripheral plate 36, and spreads in the circumferential direction Dc, at least in the region on the non-exhaust side Dpu with reference to the axis Ar.
As in the second frame inner peripheral plate 53 in the fourth embodiment, the second frame inner peripheral plate 53d extends to the axial downstream side Dad from the edge on the radial outer side Dro of the casing downstream-side end plate 32, and spreads in the circumferential direction Dc, at the position on the radial inner side Dri from the casing outer peripheral plate 36 and the second frame outer peripheral plate 52, at least in the region on the non-exhaust side Dpu with reference to the axis Ar. However, unlike the second frame inner peripheral plate 53 of the fourth embodiment, the second frame inner peripheral plate 53d gradually extends to the radial inner side Dri toward the axial downstream side Dad from the edge on the radial outer side Dro of the casing downstream-side end plate 32. In other words, the second frame inner peripheral plate 53d gradually extends to the radial outer side Dro toward the axial upstream side Dau.
As in the second frame downstream-side end plate 54 in the fourth embodiment, the second frame downstream-side end plate 54 is a plate spreading in the radial direction Dr and the circumferential direction Dc, at least in the region on the non-exhaust side Dpu with reference to the axis Ar. The edge on the radial outer side Dro on the second frame downstream-side end plate 54 is connected to the edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the second frame outer peripheral plate 52. In addition, the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the second frame downstream-side end plate 54 is connected to the edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the second frame inner peripheral plate 53d.
The edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the second frame outer peripheral plate 52 defines the edge on the radial outer side Dro of the second opening 51 serving as the opening through which the exhaust space 30s and the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s communicate with each other. In addition, the edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the second frame inner peripheral plate 53 defines the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the second opening 51.
Next, an advantageous effect of the exhaust chamber 25d in the present embodiment described above will be described with reference to
The exhaust chamber 25d in the present embodiment has the first auxiliary exhaust frame 40b the same as the exhaust chambers 25b and 25c in the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment. Accordingly, as in the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment, compared to the comparative example, the circulation region Zc inside the non-exhaust side exhaust main flow path Su can be reduced, and the circulation region Zc can be limited within the region on the radial outer side Dro inside the exhaust main flow path S.
In the present embodiment, as in the fourth embodiment, the region on the radial outer side Dro in the exhaust main flow path S communicates with the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s. Therefore, a portion of the steam in the region on the radial outer side Dro inside the exhaust main flow path S flows into the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s. As a result, the circulation region Zc inside the exhaust main flow path S further decreases due to the presence of the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s. A portion of the steam flowing into the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s circulates inside the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s, and thereafter, immediately returns to the inside of the exhaust main flow path S. In addition, the remaining portion of the steam flowing into the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s returns to the inside of the exhaust main flow path S from an end in the circumferential direction Dc of the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s spreading in the circumferential direction Dc.
The second frame inner peripheral plate 53d of the second auxiliary exhaust frame 50d in the fifth embodiment gradually extends to the radial outer side Dro toward the axial upstream side Dau. Therefore, the steam flowing into the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s is more likely to circulate inside the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s, compared to the fourth embodiment. In the steam flowing into the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s, the amount of the steam returning into the exhaust main flow path S immediately decreases. Conversely, the amount of the steam returning into the exhaust main flow path S from the end in the circumferential direction Dc of the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s spreading in the circumferential direction Dc increases. That is, the second auxiliary exhaust frame 50d in the present embodiment has a structure in which the steam flowing into the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s positively returns into the exhaust main flow path S from the end in the circumferential direction Dc of the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s spreading in the circumferential direction Dc. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the circulation region Zc inside the exhaust main flow path S can be further reduced than that in the fourth embodiment.
A sixth embodiment of the steam turbine according to the present invention will be described with reference to
The steam turbine in the present embodiment is a modification example of the steam turbine in the third embodiment.
As illustrated in
The second auxiliary exhaust frame 50e communicates with at least a portion on the non-exhaust side Dpu in the exhaust space 30s, and forms a second exhaust auxiliary space 50se different from the first exhaust auxiliary space 40s. The second exhaust auxiliary space 50se is a space spreading in the circumferential direction Dc along the casing outer peripheral plate 36 on the non-exhaust side Dpu from the casing downstream-side end plate 32, at least in the region on the axial upstream side Dau with reference to the axis Ar. Therefore, unlike the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s in the fourth embodiment and the fifth embodiment, the second exhaust auxiliary space 50se in the present embodiment is formed inside the exhaust casing 30.
The second auxiliary exhaust frame 50e has a second frame outer peripheral plate 52e, a second frame inner peripheral plate 53e, and a second frame downstream-side end plate 54e. The second frame outer peripheral plate 52e is formed in a portion on the axial downstream side Dad of the casing outer peripheral plate 36, at least in a region on the non-exhaust side Dpu with reference to the axis Ar. The second frame downstream-side end plate 54e is formed in a portion on the radial outer side Dro of the casing downstream-side end plate 32, at least in the region on the non-exhaust side Dpu with reference to the axis Ar. The second frame inner peripheral plate 53e is a plate gradually extending to the radial outer side Dro toward the axial upstream side Dau from the casing downstream-side end plate 32, and spreading in the circumferential direction Dc toward the direction of Dc, at the position on the radial inner side Dri from the casing outer peripheral plate 36, at least in the region on the non-exhaust side Dpu with reference to the axis Ar.
The edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the second frame outer peripheral plate 52e defines the edge on the radial outer side Dro of the second opening 51e serving as the opening through which the exhaust space 30s and the second exhaust auxiliary space 50s communicate with each other. In addition, the edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the second frame inner peripheral plate 53e defines the edge on the radial inner side Dri of the second opening 51e.
Next, an advantageous effect of the exhaust chamber 25e in the present embodiment described above will be described with reference to
The exhaust chamber 25e in the present embodiment has the first auxiliary exhaust frame 40b the same as the exhaust chambers 25b, 25c, and 25d in the third to fifth embodiments. Accordingly, as in the third to fifth embodiments, a circulation region Ze inside the non-exhaust side exhaust main flow path Su can be reduced, compared to that in the comparative example, and the circulation region Ze can be limited within the region on the radial outer side Dro inside the exhaust main flow path S.
In the present embodiment, the region on the radial outer side Dro inside the exhaust main flow path S communicates with the second exhaust auxiliary space 50se. Therefore, a portion of the steam in the region on the radial outer side Dro inside the exhaust main flow path S flows into the second exhaust auxiliary space 50se. A portion of the steam flowing into the second exhaust auxiliary space 50se circulates inside the second exhaust auxiliary space 50se, and thereafter, immediately returns into the exhaust main flow path S. In addition, the remaining portion of the steam flowing into the second exhaust auxiliary space 50se returns into the exhaust main flow path S from the end in the circumferential direction Dc of the second exhaust auxiliary space 50se spreading in the circumferential direction Dc.
As in the second frame inner peripheral plate 53d in the fifth embodiment, the second frame inner peripheral plate 53e in the sixth embodiment gradually extends to the radial outer side Dro toward the axial upstream side Dau. Therefore, the steam flowing into the second exhaust auxiliary space 50se is more likely to circulate inside the second exhaust auxiliary space 50se, compared to the fourth embodiment. Therefore, in the steam flowing into the second exhaust auxiliary space 50se, the amount of the steam returning into the exhaust main flow path S immediately decreases. Conversely, the amount of the steam returning into the exhaust main flow path S from the end in the circumferential direction Dc of the second exhaust auxiliary space 50se spreading in the circumferential direction Dc increases. That is, as in the fifth embodiment, the second auxiliary exhaust frame 50e in the present embodiment also has a structure in which the steam flowing into the second exhaust auxiliary space 50se positively returns into the exhaust main flow path S from the end in the circumferential direction Dc of the second exhaust auxiliary space 50se spreading in the circumferential direction Dc. Therefore, as described above, although the second exhaust auxiliary space 50se in the present embodiment is formed inside the exhaust casing 30, the circulation region Ze inside the exhaust casing 30 can be further reduced than that in the third embodiment.
[Various Modification Example]
The second frame downstream-side end plates 54 and 54e in the fourth to sixth embodiments extend in the radial direction Dr. However, the second frame downstream-side end plates 54 and 54e may be portions on the radial outer side Dro, and may gradually extend to the axial upstream side Dau toward the radial outer side Dro. In addition, the second frame downstream-side end plates 54 and 54e may be portions on the radial inner side Dri, and may gradually extend to the axial downstream side Dad as the second frame downstream-side end plates 54 and 54e extend to the radial outer side Dro.
The casing downstream-side end plate 32 in each of the above-described embodiments extends in the radial direction Dr. However, the casing downstream-side end plate 32 may be a portion on the radial outer side Dro, and may gradually extend to the axial upstream side Dau as the casing downstream-side end plate 32 extends to the radial outer side Dro. In addition, the casing downstream-side end plate 32 may be a portion on the radial inner side Dri, and may gradually extend to the axial downstream side Dad as the casing downstream-side end plate 32 extends to the radial outer side Dro.
The steam turbines in the fourth to sixth embodiments are modification examples of the steam turbine in the third embodiment. However, the configurations of the second auxiliary exhaust frames 50c, 50d, and 50e in the fourth to sixth embodiments may be applied to the steam turbine in the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
The second exhaust auxiliary spaces 50s and 50se in the fourth to sixth embodiments are spaces spreading in the circumferential direction Dc, in the region on the non-exhaust side Dpu with reference to the axis Ar. However, the second exhaust auxiliary spaces 50s and 50se may be annular spaces formed around the axis Ar.
All of the openings 41 of the auxiliary exhaust frames (first auxiliary exhaust frame) in the above-described respective embodiments have an annular shape formed around the axis Ar. The edge on the axial upstream side Dau of the opening 41 is an entire peripheral edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the inner diffuser 29. Therefore, the entire peripheral edge on the axial downstream side Dad of the inner diffuser 29 is separated from the casing downstream-side end plate 32 in the axial direction Da. As illustrated in
As described above, independent openings are formed on the non-exhaust side Dpu and the exhaust side Dpe. Even in this case, it is possible to reduce a decrease in efficiency in the portion on the non-exhaust side Dpu inside the exhaust chamber. However, as in each of the above-described embodiments, in a case of an annular opening, the steam flows from the non-exhaust side Dpu to the exhaust side Dpe in a space where the exhaust auxiliary space 40s and the exhaust space 30s are integrated with each other. Accordingly, it is not necessary to consider a loss in a branching portion or a merging portion of the opening. On the other hand, when the independent openings are formed on the non-exhaust side Dpu and the exhaust side Dpe, the flow may be disturbed near an inlet or an outlet of each opening, thereby causing a possibility of a pressure loss. Therefore, when the independent openings are formed on the non-exhaust side Dpu and the exhaust side Dpe, it is necessary to carefully examine the length of the opening in the circumferential direction of each opening.
The steam turbine in the above-described respective embodiments is a downward exhaust type. However, the steam turbine may be a laterally exhaust type. In this case, in the non-exhaust side Dpu and the exhaust side Dpe which form mutually opposite sides with respect to the axis Ar in an orthogonal direction orthogonal to the axis Ar, for example, the non-exhaust side Dpu is the left side with reference to the axis Ar, and the exhaust side Dpe is the right side with reference to the axis Ar.
All of the exhaust casings 30 in the above-described respective embodiments have the casing upstream-side end plate 34. However, in a case of a two-way exhaust type, the exhaust space 30s of the first steam turbine unit 10a and the exhaust space 30s of the second steam turbine unit 10b are caused to communicate with each other in the region on the non-exhaust side Dpu with reference to the axis Ar. In this manner, the upstream-side end plate can be omitted.
All of the steam turbines of the above-described respective embodiments are the two-way exhaust types. However, the present invention may be applied to a steam turbine in which the exhaust is not branched.
In the exhaust chamber according to an aspect of the present invention, the pressure recovery amount can be increased by reducing the pressure loss of the steam.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-247168 | Dec 2018 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2019/046090 | 11/26/2019 | WO | 00 |
