The present invention relates to methods and devices for applying markings or artwork to materials, and more particularly to stencils and methods for burning or embossing or painting designs or artwork onto substrates.
Consumers and businesses have often used stencils for marking and decorating objects. At the same time, branding irons have been used for a similar purpose: using heat to burn artwork onto various materials. In the current culture of do-it-yourself projects, consumers desire a better way to achieve a burned, “branded” look on their projects.
Currently there are many companies that produce stencil patterns for various cold-finishing applications such as painting. These stencils are made specifically for low-temperature applications, and limit the user to: paint, marker, pencil, or other similar processes to transfer the stencil artwork to the substrate.
Another available technology to achieve pre-defined artwork in a material surface is the use of branding irons, one example of which is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 1,101,616, granted Jun. 30, 1914. Like with other branding irons, this process first uses a flame or other heating means to heat metal to a highly elevated temperature, then uses this extremely hot metal to burn artwork onto the surface; usually wood or leather.
While the foregoing implements and techniques have useful purposes, there is room for improvement.
Applicants have recognized that stencils heretofore manufactured from plastic or paper products do not hold up to a flame or high-temperature exposure for extended periods. Furthermore, Applicants recognize plastic or paper stencils can produce toxic fumes when melted or burned, causing health concerns for the user. Still further, the extreme temperature fluctuation that a branding iron must endure induces warping of the branding iron artwork, requiring either a complex, cost-prohibitive design to minimize the warping, or the user having to limit the design to a simpler iteration of the original artwork. Additionally, the high temperature of the branding iron itself presents a dangerous burn hazard and fire hazard to the user.
Heretofore unrecognized is the opportunity to use a flame in combination with a fireproof stencil to apply markings and artistic images to objects such as wood and leather. Applicants have solved a long-felt problem and need in the marketplace for efficiently and safely applying markings or artwork to objects by providing a method of burning an image onto a wood object by applying a flame to an exposed portion of the wood object to burn the image onto the exposed portion where the exposed portion is defined by an opening in a stencil applied to the wood object, the stencil configured for re-use without degradation when the flame is applied to the stencil. The stencil is fire-proof and is not consumed, nor is the artistic image which is formed by the opening degraded upon application of the flame.
Applicants have also satisfied a long-felt need by presenting a stencil having a relatively thin and inexpensive burn-proof base defining an artwork opening where the artwork opening comprises an internal border of the stencil and configured in the shape of an artistic image and where the stencil retains its shape for reuse even after being burned by a flame from a torch such as a propane or butane torch or infrared heat source or other flame or heat source. The internal border is configured so that an accurate artistic image may be created without fading or blurring or overheating of portions of the image.
While there have been metal stencils in the past, such stencils do not present a single artistic image or single composite image defined by the stencil and/or have not been used in conjunction with a torch flame technique as described herein, or include the particular structural features and advantages of a flat rigid handheld-size sheet of metal as provided herein.
A further aspect of the invention includes a method of burning an image onto an object including applying a flame to an exposed portion of the object to burn the image onto the exposed portion, the exposed portion defined by an opening in a burn-proof stencil applied to the object.
In a further aspect the invention includes of a single-piece or multi-piece stencil that is used in conjunction with a heat source to burn artwork onto the surface of a substrate. The stencil is flexible, or inflexible in one aspect, and made of heat resistant material, allowing the user to burn artwork onto flat surfaces or curved, irregular surfaces. The short duration of heat application by utilizing a handheld propane or butane or gas torch minimizes heat retention in the stencil, making the process much safer than with branding irons. The heat resistant material holds up to the high temperature required for burning artwork onto a substrate, and does not degrade or create harmful fumes like the currently available stencils and techniques. Compared to branding irons, this present process involves a much smaller temperature range, allowing for more complex artwork with a more cost-effective design.
In further aspects the invention includes a metal stencil which withstands application of flame/heat from a torch in order to burn or char an artistic design on a substrate, and also configured for embossing and painting, particularly for receiving a film or leaf of foil or other material thereon which is pressed into the artistic opening to thereby form a resulting artistic image onto or into the film. The same stencil is used to burn, emboss and paint images onto substrates which match the artwork image of the opening defined by the metal base of the stencil.
The above partial summary of the present invention is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment, aspect, or every implementation of the present invention. The figures and detailed description and claims that follow more particularly exemplify these and other embodiments and further aspects of the invention.
Some features of the invention are represented by the accompanied drawings. These drawings capture the major defining features of the invention, but are not intended to encompass every variation of the design.
While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not necessarily to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, aspects and features described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention and as defined by the appended claims.
Referring to
In one aspect the stencil 20 shown in
In one preferred example, stencil 20 is a reusable handheld-size metal stencil, such that the stencil 20 may be handled by a single person and placed onto an object to be treated with artwork. The handheld-size in one example includes a 5 inch by 5 inch plate of steel. In other examples stencil 20 may be larger and still of handheld-size, such as 20 to 25 inches in length or even longer.
In one preferred aspect base 22 is made of a 16-gauge metal sheet or plate material. In a further preferred aspect the base is made of a 16-gauge sheet or plate of stainless steel. The use of 16-gauge metal is important in the present applications because a base 22 having such thickness is relatively thin while achieving desired burn results without warping or overheating. As the thickness of the base increases, such as using 14-gauge or 12-gauge metal, there is an increase in the tendency for the flame to deflect from the edges of the stencil 20, producing a less desirable result. A relatively thick base tends to result in more of a distortion of the image to be burned onto the substrate. While use of stencil 20 having a base 22 of greater thickness (i.e., thickness greater than 16-gauge, such as 14-gauge or 12-gauge) may still produce desired results depending on the artwork pattern and features of the opening 24 and/or skill of the operator, such relatively thick base tends to deflect the flame/heat from the edges of the stencil. Particularly, with 14-gauge thickness, the extra thickness of the base 22 compared to 16-gauge sheet or plate causes the heat/flame from the torch to deflect from or to avoid contact with or along the internal border of the stencil. Applicants have discovered that the greater thickness makes it more difficult to apply a flame to the object along the internal border of the opening 24. A careful or skilled user may still be able to achieve a desired result by angling the torch so that the tip or cone of the flame is directed to where the internal border meets with the object 28, or applying the flame/heat for various durations to assure a desired burn. Using a body 22 with an even greater thickness, such as 12-gauge metal sheet or plate, is even more difficult for the flame/heat to contact the portion of the object 28 along the lower edge of the internal border of the opening 24. While such relatively thick 12-gauge sheets or plates may still be workable, there is an increased opportunity to use a greater variety of artwork images 26 (or more intricate or elaborate images) when using thinner gauge such as 14-gauge or 16-gauge (and even 18-gauge and 20-gauge) metal sheet or plate for the body 22. Ideally the stencil 20 will be as thin as possible to achieve the desired results without warping or overheating. In aspects the body 22 is a rigid sheet of metal or a rigid plate of metal. In various aspects, body 22 may have a thickness from 0.0359 (20-gauge) to ½ inch.
In one aspect, 16-gauge stainless steel presents a sufficiently thick material to avoid warping for these applications, while at the same time being sufficiently thin to allow for details of the artwork image to appear on the substrate. Particularly, use of stainless steel provides a corrosion resistant body which also resists warping due to application of flame/heat from the torch. Use of aluminum by comparison is not as viable an alternative, because, while cost effective, aluminum, for instance conducts and transfers heat too efficiently that improper burning occurs. For instance, the aluminum material tends to heat too quickly and results in the heating of the object 28 beneath the stencil 26. Stainless steel which has a higher insulating property as compared with aluminum has proven to be a better material for producing results with clean defined border lines and is still cost-effective. Moreover, the thickness of the 16-gauge stainless steel resists warping and has been found to retain shape in the present applications. The 16-gauge stainless steel also allows for successive re-use of the stencil 20 because there is little or no warping due to the heating with a torch so that the stencil 20 may be applied to another object 28′ immediately (or nearly immediately) after use with a first object 28. The 16-gauge stainless steel tends to cool swiftly so that it may be re-used immediately or nearly immediately after a first use. The stencil 20 may also be used nearly immediately afterward for embossing and/or painting procedures as noted below. In one preferred aspect, grade 304 stainless steel is used as the base 22. Other varieties or grades of stainless steel may also be used as desired. Different types of metals and alloys may also be used for base 22. In one further aspect base 22 includes 16-gauge grade 304 stainless steel. In most aspects, a plate of 16-gauge stainless steel has a thickness of between 0.0598 inches and 0.0625 inches. The thicknesses may vary depending on manufacturing tolerances. In various aspects, the thickness of the base 22 may vary from 0.032 inches to 0.500 inches.
Applicants have also found that use of 16-gauge stainless provides a sufficiently narrow thickness to provide a sufficiently high-level of detail for the artwork 26. The thicker the base 22, the less detail can be cut into the design because the flame/heat tends not to reach the object 28 with the thicker material as noted above. The level of detail that can be achieved by conventional manufacturing methods decreases as the thickness of the material increases.
Artwork 26a portrayed in stencil 20 may include, and is not limited to, geometric shapes, alphanumeric, scenery, persons, living creatures, cosmic entities, cultural symbols, religious symbols, animals, fish, birds, footprints, trees, cabin images or images of other objects. One or more optional holes 34, round or otherwise, may be integrated into stencil 20 to facilitate storage, alignment, or retail display. Stencil 20 and base 22 may have one or more exterior edges 40. As in
In
The stencil 20 of
In further aspects, in combination with a base 22 having a 16-gauge thickness (or other thicknesses as noted above), particular features of the opening 24 are limited in one aspect of the invention. Specifically, in order to have small image features burned onto the object 20 (such that the heat/flame passes through an opening 24), the width of the opening for such smaller features has a minimum width of 1/16 inches. For instance, with respect to
In further aspects, the internal border 36 of opening 24 is configured with advantageous burn and safety characteristics of stencil 20. Particularly, with reference to
Further with respect to
In further aspects, artwork opening 24 includes multiple openings 24 which comprise the desired shape. With reference again to
In further aspects with respect to
Methods for manufacture of stencil 20 vary based on the material of base 22 selected. Some non-limiting and non-exclusive methods of manufacture of stencil 20 include (whether ferrous or non-ferrous): blanking, laser-blanking, waterjet, plasma cutter, photo etching, casting, or machining. One or more finishing operations may be included after manufacturing to clean or apply finish to the surface of stencil 20. A finishing operation may include, but is not limited to, acid bath, anodizing, electro-plating, chemical plating, paint, powder coat, or conversion coating. Manufacturing of polymer or composite stencils 20 include, for instance: injection molding, 3D printing, machining, laser-blanking, waterjet, casting, or thermoforming. Similarly, one or more finishing operations may be applied to the polymer or composite to clean, smooth, or add a finish to the surface of stencil 20. This finish may include, but is not limited to, abrasive media, solvent, paint, or an additional polymer coating. In a further aspect stencil 20 may be made of a base 22 comprising a silicone material. The silicone material is flame proof or flame-resistant and allows the base 22 to be somewhat flexible. The flexible base 22 in some applications is wrapped about an object 28 to be marked with the burned artwork 26b, such as a curved post or other non-flat object or object having a non-flat surface.
Further use or method aspects of the invention are described below. These examples shall not be considered limiting the function of the invention, as there are many variations of use that shall be considered normal operation of the invention.
In one method aspect, an image is burned onto an object such as a wood substrate or leather piece by applying a flame 32 as noted herein. In one aspect stencil 20 is utilized by applying a heat source, typically a flame from a gas-fueled torch 33, to burn artwork 26b onto the chosen substrate or object 28, such as a substrate or layer of wood or leather. The torch 33 in some aspects include a butane or propane torch, and in further aspects the flame or heat source includes an infrared heat source. The object 28 or substrate is chosen, which in one aspect is ideally flat, but may be curved or irregular. The stencil 20 is placed on the substrate 28 and positioned in a location where the user requires the burned artwork 26b to be positioned, as in
While using stencils as a guide for various artwork is not a new concept in itself, and there are manufacturers that offer stencils with various artwork, one aspect which makes this invention special is the combination of a heat-resistant or flame resistant (of flame proof) base 22 and the process of burning artwork 26a using a flame and stencil combination. The stencil 20 is reusable for additional flame burning applications. Such combination avoids use of a hazardous, red-hot branding iron or wood burner. The present stencils are long-lasting and provide repeatable images without degradation, and the methods of burning an image greatly reduce health and safety concerns that currently plague consumers given the limited options available for branding wood or leather. Use of particular radii for the internal border angles, in conjunction with 16-guague stainless steel provide a desired mix of features which produce repeatable clean artistic images at relatively low cost.
In further aspects, stencil 20 is universal in that it may be used to burn images on substrates, and also used for embossing images onto materials and for painting images onto objects. For instance, stencil 20 having a body 22 made of 16-gauge (or other gauge) metal provides a sufficient thickness of material to allow the stencil 20 to operate in an embossing process. Particularly, with respect to
In a further aspect stencil 20 is placed on an object and a paint or paints or other materials are applied to the opening 24 to create an artwork image 26 on the object. In aspects the paint or other material may be applied by brushing or blotting or spraying other methods. In the case of a stainless steel stencil 20, the paints or other materials wipe easily from the surface and edges of the body 22. The universal stencil 20 may thus be used as a burning stencil, a painting stencil and an embossing stencil, and the order of use may be varied as desired. The flatness of the base 22 allows for stencils 20 to be conveniently stacked, stored, packaged and shipped.
The invention described by this document references the ideal or common iterations of the invention, but in no way limits the invention to the described methods, procedures, or design elements. It will be apparent to anyone in the trade to which this invention belongs, that different iterations of the invention may perform the same functions. These iterations are considered within the scope of the current invention, and are meant to be included by the following claims.
This application claims the benefit and priority of Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/833,049, filed Apr. 12, 2019 for Stencils and Methods for Burning Artwork on Substrates, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for continuity of disclosure.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62833049 | Apr 2019 | US |