Patent Application
20200222281
This disclosure relates to a sterile product bag and, in particular, a sterile product bag having an integral filter that allows microbial and particulate matter filtration during filling in non-traditional settings for the purposes of concentrate reconstitution.
Often, drugs and nutrients are mixed with a diluent before being delivered to a patient. The diluent may be, for example, a dextrose solution, a saline solution or even water. Many such drugs or nutrients are supplied in a concentrated form such as powder, liquid, gel, foam, etc., and packaged in glass or plastic vials.
In order for the concentrate to be administered to a patient, it must first undergo reconstitution. As used herein, the term reconstitution includes not only liquidization of non-liquid concentrates but also dilution of liquid concentrates.
One way of reconstituting a concentrate is first to inject a diluent into the vial holding the concentrate. This may typically be performed by a syringe having a liquid diluent contained in the syringe barrel. After the rubber stopper of the vial is pierced by the syringe needle, the liquid is injected into the vial. The vial is shaken to reconstitute and dilute the concentrate with the liquid. The liquid is then withdrawn back into the syringe. After the mixing, the syringe is withdrawn and the reconstituted product may then be injected into a medication port of a pre-filled parenteral solution container (e.g., an IV bag) containing a medical solution or diluent such as dextrose or saline solution. The drug, now diluted with the medical solution in the parenteral solution container, is delivered through an administration set for intravenous administration to the patient. These pre-filled solution containers are provided to the health care provider in sterile form.
Some known parenteral solution containers have even been developed to include a device for connecting directly to the vial, thereby bypassing the need for the syringe to transfer the concentrate to the diluent within the container. Such devices utilize a vial attachment assembly attached to a port of the solution container. The attachment assembly includes a cannula with a sharp exterior end sealed inside of a sheath with a removable closure or extending within a housing having an opening covered by a foil or other membrane closure. These sheaths or closures maintain sterility of the fluid transfer path during storage. When reconstitution is required, the removable closure can be removed and a vial containing concentrate is pierced with the sharp end of the cannula to provide for fluid communication back and forth between the vial and the interior chamber of the parenteral container. This allows the user to mix the concentrate and diluent and place the solution in the parenteral container for administration to the patient.
Another assembly for mixing drug concentrate, whether lyophilized or liquid, with diluent is generally referred to as a dual chamber container. In such an assembly the container is formed with two or more chambers separated by a seal that may be ruptured by the user during reconstitution. For example a lyophilized powder may be provided in one of the chambers and a diluent provided in the other. Shortly before administration, the user squeezes the container causing a separating seal to rupture so that the two chambers are placed in fluid communication and the contents are mixed. The resulting solution is then administered to the patient.
Whether the diluent is provided in a parenteral solution container to which the reconstituted drug is added by injection through a port or by directly attaching a vial to the container, the fluid contents and all surfaces coming into contact with the solution must be provided in a sterile condition. If possible, sterilization is provided by heat such as by a steam sterilization process. The high temperatures to which the containers are exposed during the sterilization cycle may limit the materials from which the containers may be formed. For containers having a vial attachment assembly which is also to be sterilized, the design of the vial attachment assembly must be such that the sterilizing steam can penetrate into all portions that will come into contact with the fluid, either during storage or reconstitution.
For dual chamber containers, the method to provide a container with a sterile interior and contents may be even more difficult. Frequently the concentrate cannot withstand the temperatures during a steam sterilization process. So the chambers must be filled within a highly sterile or aseptic environment, such as within an isolator. One method of filling is to provide the container with sacrificial port tubes in communication with each chamber for adding the component to such chamber. After the addition, the port tubes are sealed and cuttingly removed from the container. Such a process adds costs to the production of the container.
By providing any of the above described containers with a stored diluent, the volume and weight of the container is increased by this diluent. This directly impacts transportation and storage costs. Moreover, the inclusion of the liquid diluent may cause the container to have a defined shelf life that must be monitored so that the container is used prior to the expiration of the labelled shelf life.
One aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a sterile product bag that includes a bladder, a stem, a filter, and a port to provide access to the interior of the container such as including a vial adaptor and/or a Luer-Activated-Device (LAD). The bladder has a perimeter seal and defining a sterile chamber. The stem extends through the perimeter seal and has an inlet end outside of the perimeter seal and an outlet end in fluid communication with the chamber. The filter is disposed in line with the stem and has a filter membrane with a nominal pore size in a range of approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 0.5 μm. The filter membrane is shaped as a hollow fiber with a wall and pores residing in the wall of the fiber. The port such as a vial adaptor or LAD is in selective fluid communication with the sterile chamber.
In some aspects, the vial adaptor includes a sterile hollow cannula, a sheath, and a peelable closure. The cannula is in fluid communication with the chamber of the bladder. The sheath is disposed outside of the bladder and connected to the hollow cannula. The sheath includes an interior cavity into which the hollow cannula extends. The peelable closure extends across an opening of the sheath to seal the interior cavity.
In some aspects, the filter membrane is disposed inside of the stem between the inlet and outlet ends.
In some aspects, the filter comprises a plurality of filter membranes
In some aspects, the outlet end of the hollow fiber of the filter membrane is sealed and the inlet end is an open inlet.
In some aspects, the filter membrane has a wall thickness in the range of approximately 150 μm to approximately 500 μm.
In some aspects, the filter membrane has a longitudinal dimension in the range of approximately 3 cm to approximately 420 cm, an inner diameter in the range of approximately 2 mm to approximately 4 mm, and an outer diameter in the range of approximately 2.3 mm to approximately 5 mm.
In some aspects, the filter membrane is made of at least one of the following materials: a polyolefin, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and a polymer containing cationic charges.
In some aspects, the stem is one of a flexible stem or a rigid stem.
In some aspects, the stem is made of at least one of the following materials: PVC, PET, a poly(meth)acrylate, a polycarbonate, a polyolefin, a cycloolefin copolymer, polystyrene, or a silicone polymer.
In some aspects, the filter includes at least one U-shaped hollow fiber filter membrane secured in a U-shaped configuration by a filter membrane housing contained within a filter body.
In some aspects, the filter includes a plurality of U-shaped hollow fiber filter membranes.
In some aspects, the filter comprises a plurality of parallel hollow fiber membrane filters secured in a side-by-side configuration.
In some aspects, the filter comprises a plurality of parallel hollow fiber membrane filters arranged in a circular pattern.
In some aspects, the filter membrane has a nominal pore size in a range of approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 0.22 μm.
In some aspects, the product bag further includes a breakaway valve disposed in the hollow cannula of the vial adaptor.
In some aspects, the sterile chamber is empty until a diluent is introduced to the chamber through the filter.
In some aspects, the chamber comprises at least a first chamber portion in fluid communication with the stem, and a second chamber portion isolated from the first chamber portion by an intermediate seal.
In some aspects, the first chamber portion of the chamber is empty until a diluent is introduced to the first chamber portion through the filter.
In some aspects, the bladder comprises adjacent front and rear films secured together by the perimeter seal, and the intermediate seal comprises a peelable seal formed by a bond between adjacent interior surface portions of the front and rear films, the peelable seal adapted to be broken to facilitate fluid communication between the first and second chamber portions.
In some aspects, the second chamber portion is not in fluid communication with the stem until the intermediate seal is broken.
In some aspects, the product bag further includes a medicinal or nutritional concentrate disposed in the second chamber portion.
In some aspects, the medicinal or nutritional concentrate is a sterile concentrate.
Another aspect of the disclosure is directed to a sterile product bag including a bladder, a peelable seal, a stem, and a filter. The bladder includes adjacent front and rear films secured together by a perimeter seal and defining a sterile chamber comprising at least a first chamber portion and a second chamber portion isolated from the first chamber portion by a peelable seal formed by a bond between adjacent interior surface portions of the front and rear films. The peelable seal is adapted to be broken to facilitate fluid communication between the first and second chamber portions. The stem extends through the perimeter seal and has an inlet end outside of the perimeter seal and an outlet end in fluid communication with the first chamber portion. The filter is disposed in line with the stem and has a filter membrane with a nominal pore size in a range of approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 0.5 μm. The filter membrane is shaped as a hollow fiber with a wall and pores residing in the wall of the fiber.
In some aspects, the filter membrane is disposed inside of the stem between the inlet and outlet ends.
In some aspects, the filter comprises a plurality of filter membranes.
In some aspects, the outlet end of the hollow fiber of the filter membrane is sealed and the inlet end is an open inlet.
In some aspects, the filter membrane has a wall thickness in the range of approximately 150 μm to approximately 500 μm.
In some aspects, the filter membrane has a longitudinal dimension in the range of approximately 3 cm to approximately 420 cm, an inner diameter in the range of approximately 2 mm to approximately 4 mm, and an outer diameter in the range of approximately 2.3 mm to approximately 5 mm.
In some aspects, the filter membrane is made of at least one of the following materials: a polyolefin, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and a polymer containing cationic charges.
In some aspects, the stem is one of a flexible stem or a rigid stem.
In some aspects, the stem is made of at least one of the following materials: PVC, PET, a poly(meth)acrylate, a polycarbonate, a polyolefin, a cycloolefin copolymer, polystyrene, or a silicone polymer.
In some aspects, the filter includes at least one U-shaped hollow fiber filter membrane secured in a U-shaped configuration by a filter membrane housing contained within a filter body.
In some aspects, the filter includes a plurality of U-shaped hollow fiber filter membranes.
In some aspects, the filter comprises a plurality of parallel hollow fiber membrane filters secured in a side-by-side configuration.
In some aspects, the filter comprises a plurality of parallel hollow fiber membrane filters arranged in a circular pattern.
In some aspects, the filter membrane has a nominal pore size in a range of approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 0.22 μm.
In some aspects, the product bag further includes a vial adaptor and/or a Luer-Activated-Device (LAD).
In some aspects, the vial adaptor includes a sterile hollow cannula in fluid communication with the second chamber portion of the bladder, a sheath disposed outside of the bladder and connected to the hollow cannula, the sheath comprising an interior cavity into which the hollow cannula extends, the peelable closure extending across an opening of the sheath to seal the interior cavity.
In some aspects, the product bag further includes a breakaway valve disposed in the hollow cannula of the vial adaptor.
In some aspects, the product bag further includes a medicinal or nutritional concentrate disposed in the second chamber portion.
In some aspects, the medicinal or nutritional concentrate is a sterile concentrate.
In some aspects, the first chamber portion is empty until a diluent is introduced into the first chamber portion through the filter.
Yet another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a method of reconstituting a medicinal or nutritional substance. The method includes providing a bladder having a perimeter seal and defining a sterile chamber, a stem extending through the perimeter seal and having an inlet end outside of the perimeter seal and an outlet end in fluid communication with the chamber, a filter disposed in line with the stem, the filter having a filter membrane with a nominal pore size in a range of approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 0.5 μm, wherein the filter membrane is shaped as a hollow fiber with a wall and pores residing in the wall of the fiber. The method also includes introducing a diluent into the chamber of the bladder through the filter membrane such that a sterile diluent resides within the chamber. The method also includes introducing a sterile medicinal or nutritional concentrate into the chamber of the bladder. The method also includes mixing the diluent and the concentrate in the chamber of the bladder to reconstitute the substance.
In some aspects, introducing the diluent into the chamber of the bladder through the filter membrane comprises introducing the diluent through a plurality of filter membranes.
In some aspects, introducing the diluent into the chamber of the bladder through the filter membrane comprises introducing the diluent through an open outlet end and a sealed outlet end of the hollow fiber of the filter membrane.
In some aspects, introducing the diluent into the chamber of the bladder through the filter membrane comprises introducing the diluent through a filter membrane having a wall thickness in the range of approximately 150 μm to approximately 500 μm.
In some aspects, introducing the diluent into the chamber of the bladder through the filter membrane comprises introducing the diluent through a filter membrane having a longitudinal dimension in the range of approximately 3 cm to approximately 420 cm, an inner diameter in the range of approximately 2 mm to approximately 4 mm, and an outer diameter in the range of approximately 2.3 mm to approximately 5 mm.
In some aspects, introducing the diluent into the chamber of the bladder through the filter membrane comprises introducing the diluent through a filter membrane made of at least one of the following materials: a polyolefin, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and a polymer containing cationic charges.
In some aspects, introducing the diluent into the chamber of the bladder through the filter membrane comprises introducing the diluent through a filter having at least one U-shaped hollow fiber filter membrane secured in a U-shaped configuration by a filter membrane housing contained within a filter body.
In some aspects, introducing the diluent through a filter having at least one U-shaped hollow fiber filter membrane comprises introducing diluent through a plurality of U-shaped hollow fiber filter membranes.
In some aspects, introducing the diluent into the chamber of the bladder through the filter membrane comprises introducing the diluent through a plurality of parallel hollow fiber membrane filters secured in a side-by-side configuration.
In some aspects, introducing the diluent into the chamber of the bladder through the filter membrane comprises introducing the diluent through a plurality of parallel hollow fiber membrane filters arranged in a circular pattern.
In some aspects, introducing the diluent into the chamber of the bladder through the filter membrane comprises introducing the diluent through a filter membrane having a nominal pore size in a range of approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 0.22 μm.
In some aspects, thee method further includes providing a vial adaptor including a sterile hollow cannula in fluid communication with the chamber of the bladder, a sheath disposed outside of the bladder and connected to the hollow cannula, the sheath comprising an interior cavity into which the hollow cannula extends, the peelable closure extending across an opening of the sheath to seal the interior cavity.
In some aspects the method further includes providing a vial containing the medicinal or nutritional concentrate and piercing a septum of the vial with the hollow cannula of the vial adaptor prior to introducing the concentrate to the chamber of the bladder.
In some aspects, the method further includes introducing a portion of the sterile diluent from the chamber of the bladder into the vial prior to introducing the concentrate to the chamber of the bladder.
In some aspects, the method further includes breaking a breakaway valve disposed in the hollow cannula of the vial adaptor prior to introducing the concentrate into the chamber of the bladder.
In some aspects, the method further includes removing the peelable closure from the vial adaptor before introducing the concentrate to the chamber of the bladder.
In some aspects, the method further includes providing the sterile chamber with at least a first chamber portion in fluid communication with the stem, and a second chamber portion isolated from the first chamber portion by an intermediate seal, wherein introducing a diluent into the chamber of the bladder comprises introducing the diluent into the first chamber portion.
In some aspects, the method further includes providing the concentrate in the second chamber portion wherein introducing the concentrate to the chamber comprises breaking the intermediate seal and introducing the concentrate to the first chamber portion.
In some aspects, the method further includes sealing and cutting the stem at a location between the filter and the bladder after introducing the diluent through the filter.
In some aspects, the method further includes performing a filter integrity test on the filter after cutting the stem and filter off of the product bag.
In some aspects, performing the filter integrity test comprises one of a pressure degradation test, a bubble point test, a water intrusion test, or a water flow test.
Still another aspect of the present disclosure includes a method of preparing doses for patient delivery. The method includes providing a bladder having a perimeter seal and defining a sterile chamber, a stem extending through the perimeter seal and having an inlet end outside of the perimeter seal and an outlet end in fluid communication with the chamber, a filter disposed in line with the stem, the filter having a filter membrane with a nominal pore size in a range of approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 0.5 μm, wherein the filter membrane is shaped as a hollow fiber with a wall and pores residing in the wall of the fiber. The method also includes introducing at least one medical fluid into the sterile chamber of the bladder through the filter membrane such that a sterile medical solution resides within the sterile chamber. The method also includes withdrawing a plurality of distinct and separate doses of the at least one sterile medical solution from the chamber through a Luer-Activated-Device (LAD) that is selectively fluidly coupled to the sterile chamber.
In some aspects, introducing the at least one sterile medical fluid into the sterile chamber comprises introducing a sterile medicinal or nutritional concentrate and a sterile diluent into the sterile chamber, and mixing the diluent and the concentrate in the chamber to reconstitute a patient-deliverable substance.
In some aspects, introducing the at least one sterile medical fluid into the sterile chamber through the filter membrane comprises introducing the fluid through a plurality of filter membranes.
In some aspects, introducing the at least one sterile medical fluid into the sterile chamber through the filter membrane comprises introducing the at least one medical fluid through an open inlet end and a sealed outlet end of the hollow fiber of the filter membrane.
In some aspects, introducing the at least one sterile medical fluid into the sterile chamber through the filter membrane comprises introducing the at least one medical fluid through a filter membrane having a wall thickness in the range of approximately 150 μm to approximately 500 μm.
In some aspects, introducing the at least one sterile medical fluid into the sterile chamber through the filter membrane comprises introducing the at least one medical fluid through a filter membrane having a longitudinal dimension in the range of approximately 3 cm to approximately 420 cm, an inner diameter in the range of approximately 2 mm to approximately 4 mm, and an outer diameter in the range of approximately 2.3 mm to approximately 5 mm.
In some aspects, introducing the at least one sterile medical fluid into the sterile chamber through the filter membrane comprises introducing the at least one medical fluid through a filter membrane made of at least one of the following materials: a polyolefin, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and a polymer containing cationic charges.
In some aspects, introducing the at least one sterile medical fluid into the sterile chamber through the filter membrane comprises introducing the at least one medical fluid through a filter having at least one U-shaped hollow fiber filter membrane secured in a U-shaped configuration by a filter membrane housing contained within a filter body.
In some aspects, introducing the at least one medical fluid through a filter having at least one U-shaped hollow fiber filter membrane comprises introducing medical fluid through a plurality of U-shaped hollow fiber filter membranes.
In some aspects, introducing the at least one sterile medical fluid into the sterile chamber through the filter membrane comprises introducing the at least one medical fluid through a plurality of parallel hollow fiber membrane filters secured in a side-by-side configuration.
In some aspects, introducing the at least one sterile medical fluid into the sterile chamber through the filter membrane comprises introducing the at least one medical fluid through a plurality of parallel hollow fiber membrane filters arranged in a circular pattern.
In some aspects, introducing the at least one sterile medical fluid into the sterile chamber through the filter membrane comprises introducing the at least one medical fluid through a filter membrane having a nominal pore size in a range of approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 0.22 μm.
In some aspects, the method further includes providing a vial adaptor including a sterile hollow cannula in fluid communication with the chamber of the bladder, a sheath disposed outside of the bladder and connected to the hollow cannula, the sheath comprising an interior cavity into which the hollow cannula extends, the peelable closure extending across an opening of the sheath to seal the interior cavity.
In some aspects, providing a vial containing the medicinal or nutritional concentrate and piercing a septum of the vial with the hollow cannula of the vial adaptor prior to introducing the concentrate to the chamber of the bladder.
In some aspects, the method further includes introducing a portion of the sterile diluent from the chamber of the bladder into the vial prior to introducing the concentrate to the chamber of the bladder.
In some aspects, the method further includes breaking a breakaway valve disposed in the hollow cannula of the vial adaptor prior to introducing the concentrate into the chamber of the bladder.
In some aspects, the method further includes removing the peelable closure from the vial adaptor before introducing the concentrate to the chamber of the bladder.
In some aspects, the method further includes providing the sterile chamber with at least a first chamber portion in fluid communication with the stem, and a second chamber portion isolated from the first chamber portion by an intermediate seal, wherein introducing a diluent into the chamber of the bladder comprises introducing the diluent into the first chamber portion.
In some aspects, providing a concentrate in the second chamber portion and introducing the concentrate to the chamber by breaking the intermediate seal and introducing the concentrate to the first chamber portion.
In some aspects, the method further includes sealing and cutting the stem at a location between the filter and the bladder after introducing the diluent through the filter.
In some aspects, the method further includes performing a filter integrity test on the filter after cutting the stem and filter off of the product bag.
In some aspects, performing the filter integrity test comprises one of a pressure degradation test, a bubble point test, a water intrusion test, or a water flow test.
A still yet further aspect of the present disclosure includes an ambulatory pump for dispensing a liquid under pressure. The ambulatory pump includes a housing, a product bag, a stem, and a filter. The product bag includes a pressurizable and expandable bladder defining an interior storage volume. The bladder is carried by the housing for receiving and dispensing the liquid, and is expandable between an unexpanded condition and an expanded condition. The stem has an inlet end and an outlet end, the outlet end in fluid communication with the interior of the bladder. The filter is disposed in line with the stem and has a filter membrane with a nominal pore size in a range of approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 0.5 μm, wherein the filter membrane is shaped as a hollow fiber with a wall and pores residing in the wall of the fiber.
In some aspects, the filter membrane is disposed inside of the stem between the inlet and outlet ends.
In some aspects, the filter comprises a plurality of filter membranes.
In some aspects, the hollow fiber of the filter membrane has a sealed outlet end and an open inlet end.
In some aspects, the filter membrane has a wall thickness in the range of approximately 150 μm to approximately 500 μm.
In some aspects, the filter membrane has a longitudinal dimension in the range of approximately 3 cm to approximately 420 cm, an inner diameter in the range of approximately 2 mm to approximately 4 mm, and an outer diameter in the range of approximately 2.3 mm to approximately 5 mm.
In some aspects, the filter membrane is made of at least one of the following materials: a polyolefin, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and a polymer containing cationic charges.
In some aspects, the stem is one of a flexible stem or a rigid stem.
In some aspects, the stem is made of at least one of the following materials: PVC, PET, a poly(meth)acrylate, a polycarbonate, a polyolefin, a cycloolefin copolymer, polystyrene, or a silicone polymer.
In some aspects, the filter includes at least one U-shaped hollow fiber filter membrane secured in a U-shaped configuration by a filter membrane housing contained within a filter body.
In some aspects, the filter includes a plurality of U-shaped hollow fiber filter membranes.
In some aspects, the filter comprises a plurality of parallel hollow fiber membrane filters secured in a side-by-side configuration.
In some aspects, the filter comprises a plurality of parallel hollow fiber membrane filters arranged in a circular pattern.
In some aspects, the filter membrane has a nominal pore size in a range of approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 0.22 μm.
While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter that is regarded as the present disclosure, it is believed that the disclosure will be more fully understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Some of the figures may have been simplified by the omission of selected elements for the purpose of more clearly showing other elements. Such omissions of elements in some figures are not necessarily indicative of the presence or absence of particular elements in any of the exemplary embodiments, except as may be explicitly delineated in the corresponding written description. None of the drawings are necessarily to scale.
The present disclosure is directed to a novel device and method related to delivering a medical fluid to a sterile chamber such that the medical fluid in the chamber is also sterile. Generally, the sterile product bag includes at least one chamber that is provided to a hospital or pharmacist, for example, empty. On demand, the pharmacist can introduce a medical fluid such as a diluent into the empty chamber through a sterilization filter such that the fluid is sterilized and resident by itself in the previously empty chamber. In some versions, a sterile concentrate such as a medicament or nutritional concentrate can then be introduced into the sterile chamber to be mixed with the sterile diluent prior to being administered to a patient. Introduction of the concentrate can typically occur through a medication port and/or a vial adaptor fluidly connected to the sterile chamber of the product bag. In other versions, the device can include a Luer-Activate Device (LAD) or Luer-Activate Valve (LAV) fluidly connected to the sterile chamber in addition to, or instead of, a vial adaptor or medication port. In yet other versions, the sterile product bag can include an expanding bladder of an ambulatory pump, for example.
One benefit of the various disclosed arrangements is that the product bag can be provided to the pharmacist completely empty, which can substantially decrease shipping and storage costs. Moreover, because medical fluid is provided to the bag on-demand, the sterility and integrity of the diluent over the course of shipping and storing the product bag is no longer a concern.
The stem 104 is a hollow narrow tube having an inlet 124 fluidly connected to the opening 114 of the bladder 102. The stem 104 includes a tapered head 126 defining the inlet 124, a collar 128 connecting a first stem part 130 to the tapered head 126, a second part 132, and a duct 134 defining a stem outlet 136. The sterile closure cap 108 has a hemispherical shaped knob 138 attached to a neck 140 that sealably covers the inlet 124 of the stem 104 to maintain sterility until necessary to remove the knob 138 for filling. The tapered head 126 may be a female fitting adapted for sealingly engaging a Luer fitting of a fluid supply line during filling, for example.
The filter 106 in this version has a flat sheet membrane 142 disposed in-line with the stem 104 between the first and second parts 130, 132 of the stem 104. Non-limiting examples of acceptable filter membranes for the filter membrane 142 are disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2012/0074064 A1 and PCT Publication No. PCT/EP2015/068004, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
So configured, a pharmaceutical fluid such as a water, saline, a solution, a diluent, a final drug product, etc., may enter the inlet 124 of the stem 104 and pass through the head 126 and into the first part 130 toward an inlet 144 of the filter 106. The fluid then filters through the filter membrane 142, out a filter outlet 146, and into the second part 132 of the stem 104. The duct 134 carries the filtered solution from the second part 132 to the opening 114 of the bladder 102, which leads to the empty sterile chamber 103. The second part 132 of the stem 104 defined as the area of the stem between the outlet of the filter 146 and an inlet 148 of the duct 134 may be identified as a “seal and cut area”. The phrase “seal and cut area” pertains to the manner in which the product bags are sealed and cut after introducing fluid to the chamber 103 through the filter 106. That is, the disclosed arrangement is designed such that after the bladder 102 receives fluid from the filter 106, a sealing mechanism can be employed to seal the stem 104 closed in the “seal and cut area,” which is below the filter membrane 142 but above the bladder 102. Thus, the “seal and cut area” 132 in this version is a portion of the stem 104 above the bladder 102 where the filter 106 does not reside. Sealing of the “seal and cut area” 132 can be achieved with a heat sealer or any other device, including for example clamping a clamp onto the “seal and cut area” 132. Once the stem 104 is sealed, the stem 104 is cut at a location above the seal but below the filter membrane 142. Cutting may be achieved with a knife or any other device. The stem 104 provides an isolated fluid connection between the inlet 124 and the chamber 103 of the bladder 102, such that once the fluid is filtered through the filter membrane 142, the filtered fluid passes directly into the sterilized environment of the empty chamber 103 of the bladder 102. Hence, after the bladder 102 receives the sterilized fluid and the stem 104 is sealed and cut, the fluid in the bladder 102 remains sterile until the bladder 102 is punctured or compromised. This, of course, assumes that the filter 106 was uncompromised prior to filling and performed as desired.
To ensure that the filter 106 performed properly, a filter integrity test can be performed on the filter 106. A filter integrity test is facilitated by the arrangement of the “seal and cut area” (second part 132) of the stem 104, which allows for the filter membrane 142 to be separated intact from the remainder of the now-sealed product bag 100. For example, after the stem 104 and filter 106 are separated from the product bag 100, a filter testing device (not shown) may be pre-programmed or controlled to perform a filter integrity test on the filter 106. Examples of filter integrity tests might include a bubble point test, a pressure degradation test, a water intrusion test, a water flow test, or any suitable test known in the art. A pressure degradation test is a method for testing the quality of a filter either before or after the filter has been used. In the preferred embodiment, the filter 106 is tested after the solution passes through the filter membrane 142 and into the bladder 102 of the product bag 100. To perform the filter integrity test using a pressure degradation test procedure, a test head (not shown) engages the stem 104 and applies an air pressure of a predetermined value to the inlet 124 and filter membrane 142. In one embodiment, the pre-determined value is the pressure where gas cannot permeate the filter membrane 142 of an acceptable filter 106. A pressure sensor, or other method of measuring the integrity of the filter, is located within the test head and measures the pressure decay or diffusion rate through the filter membrane 142. The results from the integrity test are assessed to determine the quality of the filter 106, and therefore the quality of the solution that previously passed through the filter 106 and into the product bag 100. If the pressure sensor measures a decay or a unexpected rate of decay, then the filter 106 fails the test and it can be determined that the solution in the product bag is unsatisfactory. Alternatively in a bubble point test, the test head gradually increases the pressure applied to the filter 106, and the increase in pressure is measured in parallel with the diffusion rate of the gas through the filter membrane 142. Any disproportionate increase in diffusion rate in relation to the applied pressure may indicate a hole or other structural flaw in the filter membrane 142, and the filter would fail the integrity test.
Thus, it can be appreciated that the disclosed arrangement of the “seal and cut area” 132 of the product bag 100 disclosed herein advantageously facilitates the filter integrity test, and a determination that the fluid in the product bag is either sterile or has the potential of being compromised may be made with a high degree of certainty.
As depicted in
The hollow connector 166 further includes a fluid inlet 169. A pharmaceutical fluid can be fed via a connected fluid supply line, for example, into the fluid inlet 169 of the hollow connector 166. In some versions, the fluid inlet 169 can include a Luer type fitting or other standard medical fitting. The pharmaceutical fluid can then travel through the hollow connector 166 and exit into the filter 155 through the open outlet end 168 of the hollow connector 166. The hollow connector 166 also includes a sealing surface 172 to which the stem 156 is attached. The sealing surface 172 in this version is cylindrical and has a diameter larger than a diameter of the open outlet end 168, and is disposed generally concentric with the open outlet end 168. In fact, in this version, the outer diameter of the sealing surface 172 is generally identical to or slightly smaller than an inner diameter of the stem 156. So configured, the stem 156 receives the sealing surface 172 and extends therefrom to surround and protect the filter 155 without contacting the surface 164 of the filter 155. The stem 156 can be fixed to the sealing surface 172 with adhesive (e.g., a UV curing acrylic adhesive), epoxy, welding, bonding, etc. The stem 156 receives the pharmaceutical solution after it passes through the pores 162 in the filter 155. From there, the now filtered solution passes into the bladder 152.
The hollow connector 766 further includes a fluid inlet 769, which is also a stem structure, extending in a second direction (opposite the first direction) from the bearing plate 777. A pharmaceutical fluid can be fed via a connected fluid supply line, for example, into the fluid inlet 769 of the hollow connector 766. In some versions, the fluid inlet 769 can include a Luer type fitting or other standard medical fitting. The pharmaceutical fluid can then travel through the hollow connector 766 and exit into the filter 155 through the open outlet end 768 of the hollow connector 766.
The hollow connector 766 also includes a sealing surface 772 to which the stem 156 is attached. The sealing surface 772 in this version is a cylindrical shroud extending from the bearing plate 777 in the first direction and has a diameter larger than a diameter of the open outlet end 768. The sealing surface 772 is disposed generally concentric with the open outlet end 768. As such, in this embodiment, the shroud of the sealing surface 772 surrounds the stem structure of the open outlet end 768 such that an annular gap 779 resides between the two. In fact, in this version, the outer diameter of the sealing surface 772 is generally identical to or slightly smaller than an inner diameter of the stem 156. So configured, the sealing surface 772 of the connector 766 can be received by the stem 156 such that the stem 156 extends therefrom to surround and protect the filter 155 without contacting the surface 164 of the filter 155. The stem 156 can be fixed to the sealing surface 772 with adhesive (e.g., a UV curing acrylic adhesive), epoxy, welding, bonding, etc. The stem 156 receives the pharmaceutical fluid after it passes through the pores 162 in the filter 155. From there, the now filtered fluid passes into the bladder 152 in the same manner described above with respect to
While the foregoing version of the filter 155 has been described as including a single filter membrane 170, in other embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure, the filter 155 may include multiple filter membranes 170. A few non-limiting examples of multiple membrane filters will be discussed below. Finally, as described with respect to the product bags 100, 150 in
In one version of the foregoing assembly of
Suitable materials for the filter membrane 170 can include polyolefins (e.g., PE, PP), polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, and polyethersulfone. In some embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure, the filter 155 may be comprised of a blend of polysulfone or polyethersulfone and polyvinylpyrrolidone. In other embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure, the filter membrane 170 can include a polymer containing cationic charges, e.g. polymers bearing functional groups like quaternary ammonium groups. A suitable example for such polymers is polyethyleneimine. The filter membrane 170 may be manufactured by known techniques including, e.g., extrusion, phase inversion, spinning, chemical vapor deposition, 3D printing, etc. Suitable materials for the stem 156 include PVC, polyesters like PET, poly(meth)acrylates like PMMA, polycarbonates (PC), polyolefins like PE, PP, or cycloolefin copolymers (COC), polystyrene (PS), silicone polymers, etc.
Additional details regarding some possible versions of the filter and the specific construction of the membrane, for example, can be found in European Patent Application No. EP16152332.9, entitled FILTER MEMBRANE AND DEVICE, filed Jan. 22, 2016, and additionally in PCT/EP2017/051044, entitled FILTER MEMBRANE AND DEVICE, filed Jan. 19, 2017, the entire contents of each of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
Thus far, the hollow fiber membrane 170 in
For example,
The hollow connector 866 also includes a sealing surface 872 to which the stem 156 is attached. The sealing surface 872 in this version is a cylindrical shroud extending from the bearing plate 877 in a direction opposite to a direction of extension of the fluid inlet 869. The sealing surface 872 is disposed generally concentric with the fluid inlet 869. As such, in this embodiment, the shroud of the sealing surface 872 defines a cylindrical cavity (not shown in the drawings) for receiving a portion of the second hollow body 866b of the connector 866.
The second hollow body 866b, as depicted, includes a support plate 880 and three open outlet ends 868 extending from the support plate 880. Additionally, the support plate 880 includes an outer diameter that is essentially the same as or slightly smaller than an inner diameter of the cavity of the shroud of the sealing surface 872 such that when assembled, the support plate 880 is positioned into the cavity. In one version, the support plate 880 includes a seal member 882 around its periphery to form a fluid tight seal with the inner surface of the shroud of the sealing surface 872 when inserted into the cavity. Friction, adhesive, or some other means may retain the support plate 880 in connection with the shroud of the sealing surface 872.
As mentioned, the second body 866b includes three open outlet ends 868 extending from the support plate 880. Each open outlet end 868 is adapted to be sealingly connected to an open inlet end 160 of one of three filters 155. The connection may be achieved by gluing open inlet ends 160 of the filters 155 to the open outlet ends 868 with, for example, an epoxy resin, a polyurethane resin, a cyanoacrylate resin, a UV curing acrylic adhesive, or a solvent for the material of the hollow connector 766 such as cyclohexanone. In the version depicted, the stem structure of the open outlet ends 868 of the connector 866 comprises a hollow cylindrical member that fits inside of and is fixed to the open inlet ends 160 of the filters 155. As such, an outer diameter of the open outlet ends 868 is substantially similar to or slightly smaller than an inner diameter of the open inlet ends 160 of the filters 155. In some versions, the filters 155 may be welded to the open outlet ends 868 of the connector 866 by, for example, heat welding (e.g., introducing a hot conical metal tip into the open inlet ends 150 of the filters 155 to partially melt it), laser welding if the hollow connector 866 is made from a material that absorbs laser radiation, mirror welding, ultrasound welding, and friction welding. Alternately, the filters 155 may be inserted into a mold, and a thermoplastic polymer may be injection-molded around it to form the hollow connector 866. Other designs and configurations for connecting the filters 155 to the open outlet ends 868 are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Finally, as with previously described embodiments, the sealing surface 872 of the connector 866 can be received by the stem 156 such that the stem 156 extends therefrom to surround and protect the filters 155 without contacting the surfaces 164 of the filters 155. The stem 156 can be fixed to the sealing surface 872 with adhesive (e.g., a UV curing acrylic adhesive), epoxy, welding, bonding, etc. The stem 156 receives the pharmaceutical solution after it passes through the pores 162 in the filter 155. From there, the now filtered solution passes into the bladder 152 in the same manner described above with respect to
The second hollow body 966b, as depicted, includes a hollow cylindrical support collar 980 in which seven hollow fiber membrane filters 955 can be disposed parallel to each other, as shown in
Finally, the collar 980 of this embodiment includes a sealing surface 972 that can be received by the stem 156 such that the stem 156 extends therefrom. The stem 156 can be fixed to the sealing surface 972 with adhesive (e.g., a UV curing acrylic adhesive), epoxy, welding, bonding, etc. The stem 156 receives the pharmaceutical fluid after it passes through the pores 162 in the filters 955. From there, the now filtered fluid passes into the bladder 152 in the same manner described above with respect to
As discussed above, some embodiments of the disclosed systems include a knob 138, as depicted in
From the foregoing, it can be seen that various filtering arrangements can serve the principles of the present disclosure including introducing fluid to the product bag in a sterilized manner. In some versions of the disclosure, this fluid can then be mixed with a concentrate (e.g., medicament, drug, nutrient, etc.) that is introduced into the product bag 100, 150 through the vial adaptor 120 depicted and mentioned with respect to
That is, as mentioned above, the sterile product bags 100, 150 described in
Referring to
The present vial adaptor 120 is adapted to be used in conjunction with a standard sized drug vial 244 which is also shown in
The drug vial 244 typically further includes a malleable band 256 typically made of aluminum which is mounted about the outer periphery of the mouth 250 and the stopper 252, thereby retaining the stopper 252 within the drug vial 244. Typically, the malleable band 256 initially includes a top portion (not shown) covering the top of the stopper 252. This top portion is separated from the malleable band 256 by means of a weakened score line 258 disposed at the inner circle of the malleable band 256. This top portion is removed to provide access to the stopper 252.
Referring now to
Extending into the flexible tube 230 and molded integrally with the sheath member 32 is housing 68 defining a lumen 272. The lumen 272 is in fluid communication with the cannula 264. Thus, when the sheath 232 is placed over a drug vial 244 and the cannula 264 is inserted through the stopper 252 into the interior of the drug vial 244, open fluid communication is established between the interior of the drug vial 244 and the lumen 272.
Sealingly permanently engaged to the outer periphery of the lumen housing 268 and to the flexible tube 230 is a frangible or breakaway valve housing 274. The valve housing 274 is permanently secured to the interior of the flexible tubing 230 by solvent bonding or heat sealing. The valve housing 274 includes a tubular aperture 276 in fluid communication with the lumen 272. The lumen housing 268 is preferably tapered from an initial diameter to a smaller inner diameter. The valve housing 274 is preferably cooperatively tapered from an initial interior diameter to a smaller interior diameter. The taper of the outside diameter of the lumen housing 68 cooperates with the taper of the inside diameter of the valve housing 274 to form a tight fit. Additionally, the valve housing 274 and the lumen housing 268 are permanently sealed by means such as solvent bonding, heat bonding or other bonding techniques known in the art.
The tubular aperture 276 includes a normally closed end 280. The normally closed end 280 has extending from and integral with it an elongated, generally rigid handle 282. The normally closed end 280 further includes an annular zone of weakness 284 to facilitate breaking the handle 282 from the valve housing 274 thereby opening the valve. The valve housing 274 and the handle 282, which form the valve, are preferably a molded, chemically inert, rigid plastic. In a preferred embodiment, this plastic can be polyvinyl chloride.
The handle 282 includes a plurality of outwardly extending projections 86 which frictionally fit within the interior of the flexible tubing 230. The outwardly extending projections 286 dig into the interior of the tubing 230 and hold the handle in position after it is broken away from the closed end. This assures that fluid can flow in two directions, one way to provide fluid into the drug vial 244 and the opposite way to provide liquid from the drug vial 244 into the chamber 103, 153 of the sterile product bags 100, 150, without the handle 282 moving back into contact with the normally closed end 280 and blocking fluid flow.
Referring now to
The bumps 290 are preferably spaced equal distance radially about the inner surface 262 of the skirt 236. Each bump 290 preferably includes a sloped side 292 facing the open end of the skirt 236. The slope side 292 extends to a plane 294 which represents the maximum internal projection of the bump 290. The plane 294 of maximum projection tapers on the base side to an elongated narrow plane 296 extending from the plane 294 of maximum projection to the base 234. The slope side 292 preferably defines an angle of about 30° from the inner surface 262 while the plane 294 of maximum projection is preferably at least about 0.026 inches from the inner surface 262.
The skirt 236 is preferably made of a semi-rigid material such as a polycarbonate or other suitable polymer. The semi-rigid skirt 236 assists in creating a tight fit between the vial adaptor 120 and a wider size range of drug vials 244.
With a product bag 100, 150 arranged as described in
The first step for the pharmacist then is to introduce a diluent into the empty, sterile chamber 103, 153 through the filtered stem 104. As described above with respect to any of
Then, once the desired amount of diluent is added to the chamber 103, 153, the stem 104 is sealed and cut at the second part 132 of the stem 104 as discussed above regarding
In this regard, a drug vial 244 of standard construction is introduced and installed onto the vial adaptor 120 by removing the foil closure 240 and simply pushing the sharp cannula 264 through the stopper 252. This penetration can be aided by use of a suitable lubricant on the cannula such as a silicon oil. The internal diameter of the skirt 236 is sized to approximate the outer diameter defined by the malleable band 256 used on most drug vials 244 of standard construction. Because the precise drug vial 244 dimensions vary throughout the industry, a tight fit is insured by the bumps 290, which create a stop against the underside of the malleable band 256, making inadvertent disconnection of the device and the drug vial 244 difficult.
The fit between the skirt 236 and the drug vial 244 is tight enough so that in most instances the bumps 290 deform the malleable band 256. This results in the creation of vertical grooves in the side of the malleable band 256 as the skirt 236 is pushed down about the mouth 48 of the drug vial 244. If the malleable band 256 is wider than average, there may be no space between the top of the malleable band 256 and the base 234 of the sheath 232. The width of the malleable band 256 may actually equal or even slightly exceed the distance between the base 234 and the base side of the bumps 290. In situations with wider malleable bands 56, the bumps 290 deform the underside of the malleable band 256 by causing indentation where the bumps 290 contact the underside.
After the sharp cannula 264 has been inserted into the drug vial 244 and fluid communication has been established between the interior of the drug vial 244 and the lumen 272, the vial adaptor 120 can be stored for an extended period of time prior to use. This is because the permanently secured, integral design of the vial adaptor 120 allows for presterilization of the entire unit, including the sterile product bags 100, 150, the flexible tubing 230, and the sheath 232. With the use of the peelable closure 240, the sterility of the vial adaptor 120 during storage as well as the aseptic connection to drug vials 244 is assured. This assurance of sterility results in the availability of extended periods of storage prior to use.
When the drug is to be reconstituted, fluid communication can be established between the interior of the drug vial 244 and the chamber 103, 153 of the sterile product bag 100, 150 by opening the frangible or breakaway valve. To open the valve, the user can simply grasp the flexible tubing 230 to break the handle 282 from the valve housing 274 at the weakened score line 284. The valve housing 274 remains in place within the flexible tubing 230 since it is bonded to the interior of the flexible tubing 230. The outwardly extending projections 86 of the handle 282 maintain frictional contact with the interior of the flexible tubing 230 as the valve is opened and the handle 282 is “walked” down the flexible tubing 230 by manually bending and releasing the flexible tubing 230. A force created by folding the flexible tubing 230 back upon itself “walks” the handle 282 down the flexible tubing 230 where it remains after the force is released. The handle 282 can be “walked” further down the flexible tubing 230 by again folding the flexible tubing 230 back upon itself and releasing. The outwardly extending projections 86 assure that the handle 282 remains away from the aperture 276 by frictionally “biting” into the flexible tubing 230. At this point, the user takes generally conventional steps to reconstitute the concentrate in the vial 244. Specifically, the user squeezes the product bag 100, 150, which forces some of the diluent into the drug vial 244. Then by manipulating the orientation of the vial 244 of the product bag 100, 150 the diluent and concentrate begin to mix abd flow back and forth between the vial 244 and the bag 100, 150. By holding vial 244 upside down above the product bag 100, 150, the user can determine when a mixed concentrate has sufficiently moved out of the vial 244 and into the chamber 103, 153 with diluent. At this point, the product bag 100, 150 can be manually manipulated to thoroughly mix the concentrate and diluent into solution. When satisfactorily mixed, the solution may be delivered to the patient by connecting the administration port 118 to a conventional delivery set.
Thus far, only sterile product bags 100, 150 with single chambers 103, 153 have been discussed. But the benefits of the present disclosure can also be realized in sterile product bags with more than a single chamber. As an example, one conventional dual-chamber product bag that can benefit from the technologies disclosed in the present application is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,577,369, entitled METHOD OF MAKING AND FILLING A MULTI-CHAMBER CONTAINER, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Referring to
The product bag 300 is formed from a flexible sheet of plastic. The bag 300 may be formed from two sheets of film that are heat sealed along their edges defining a perimeter seal 305. However, the bag 300 can be formed from a web of film folded over and sealed along three sides. Pursuant to the present invention, the bag 300 is formed from a multi-layer film discussed below.
In the illustrated embodiment as shown in
In the preferred embodiment illustrated in
Still referring to
The tubular ports 330, 332, and 334 are mounted in the product bag 300 to communicate with the product bag 300 via the chamber portion 314. The ports 330, 332, and 334 can include a membrane or septum that is pierced by, for example, a cannula or a spike of an administration set for delivery of the contents of the product bag 300 through the administration set to the patient. Of course, more or less than three ports can be included.
Preferably, at the top end 324 of the product bag 300 is an area which includes a hanger hole 36 for supporting the product bag 300 by, for example, a hook (not shown).
In
The sheets 318, 320 are flexible and are preferably made of the same materials. In the illustrated embodiment, the first sheet 318 includes a first layer 340 forming an outer surface or abuse layer of the product bag 300. The first layer 340 may be, for example, a thermoplastic material such as PCCE. A typical thickness of the first layer 340, in a preferred embodiment, is approximately 0.55 mil but may vary, for example, between 0.40 mil and 0.70 mil.
A tie layer 342 can be provided to provide a binding layer between the outside layer 340 and a second layer 344 of the sheet 318 which is RF-responsive. Although in a preferred embodiment, the tie layer 342 has a thickness of approximately 0.4 mils, the tie layer 342 may, however, have a varied thickness, for example, between 0.25 mils and 0.55 mils. The tie layer 342 can be a thermoplastic material such as ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) modified with malic anhydride.
The second layer 344 is an RF-responsive layer that, as discussed below, cooperates with a sealing or inner layer 346 to create the seal. The second layer 344 can be any RF-responsive material. In a preferred embodiment, the RF-responsive material is an ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA). It has been found that a layer thickness of approximately 6.2 mils functions satisfactorily. However, the second layer 344 can have a varied thickness of between, for example, at least 5.75 mils and 6.75 mils.
The sealing layer 346 is made of a non-RF responsive material. Preferably, the non-RF responsive layer includes at least two materials having different melting points. In an embodiment, the non-RF-responsive layer is an alloy of styrene-ethylene-butyl-styrene (SEBS) for example, Kraton®, and ethylene polypropylene copolymer. It has been found that if the sealing layer has a thickness of approximately 1.6 mils it functions satisfactorily. However, the thickness may vary, for example, between 1.40 mils and 1.80 mils.
The sealing layer 346 is adjacent the solution side of the container such that when the seal 316 is ruptured, communication is provided between the chamber portions 312, 314. As noted above, the four-layer film illustrated in
As previously indicated, the product bag 300 can be formed by folding a single web, such as the sheet 318, or alternatively, the sheet 320 can be further provided in addition to the sheet 318. In the preferred embodiment, the sheet 320 is a four-layer film in which layers 50, 52, 54 and 56 of the sheet 320 substantially correspond to the layers 40, 42, 44 and 46 of the sheet 318, respectively. As a result, the sealing layer 456 of the sheet 320 forms a cohesive bond with the sealing layer 346 of the sheet 318. The cohesive bond formed is the peelable seal 316.
It should be appreciated that fewer layers for each of the sheets 318, 320 than the four-layer film described with reference to
The peelable seal 316 is preferably formed to withstand external pressure to one or both chamber portions 312, 314 of the container. Furthermore, the peelable seal 316 is capable of withstanding pressure exerted by dropping the product bag 300 either on its side or if it is dropped flat. Preferably, the peelable seal 316 can withstand rupture from a drop of up to six feet.
Post-sterilization of the chamber portions 312, 314 of the product bag 300 substantially increases the pressure which the peelable seal 316 is capable of withstanding before rupture. More specifically, sterilization can increase seal strength between 40 and 80 percent.
During use, the product bag 300 can be supplied to a pharmacist in one of two manners. In the first manner, the first and second chamber portions 312, 314 of the bag 300 are entirely empty, while in a second manner, the first chamber portion 312 is empty but the second chamber portion 314 can be pre-filled with a concentrate requiring reconstitution. The concentrate may be in the form of powder, gel, foam, liquid, flakes, etc.
To perform reconstitution when both chamber portions 312, 314 are completely empty, the pharmacist can first introduce a diluent to the first chamber portion 312 through the filtered stem 326 in a manner same as that described above with reference to the product bags 100, 150 in
In the alternative version where the product bag 300 arrives at the pharmacist with pre-filled concentrate in the second chamber portion 314, the foregoing steps are the same except the pharmacist is not required to utilize the vial adaptor 325 to introduce the concentrate to the second chamber portion 314. Thus, in the pre-filled concentrate version, the product bag 300 does not need to have the vial adaptor 325 at all.
While the foregoing describes a two chamber product bag 300 in accordance with the present disclosure, other alternatives can include additional chambers an/or additional features. For example, one example of a multi-chamber product bag that can benefit from the present advancements includes that which is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,165,161, entitled SACRIFICIAL PORT FOR FILLING FLEXIBLE, MULTIPLE-COMPARTMENT DRUG CONTAINER, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Referring to
In the present embodiment, the product bag 400 includes a bladder defining a chamber 403 that is partitioned into three separate chamber portions: an upper chamber portion 418, an intermediate chamber portion 420, and a lower chamber portion 422. Each chamber portion 418, 420, 422 is sterile and, at least in one version, empty prior to use. The upper and intermediate chamber portions 418 and 420 are separated from one another by a first peelable seal 424, and the intermediate and lower chamber portions 420 and 422 are separated from one another by a second peelable seal 426. The peelable seals 424 and 426 extend between the two sides of the bag 400, i.e., between the right side 410a and the left side 410b joining the front and rear sheets. A “peelable” seal as the term is used herein with reference to
As also seen in
In a typical application for the product bag 400, the upper chamber portion 418 is initially supplied to the pharmacist empty and subsequently filled with a liquid diluent through the filtered stem 475. The intermediate chamber portion 420 is supplied either empty or filled with a concentrate, typically provided in powder form, but could be foam, gel, liquid, granulates, flakes, etc. In those product bags 400 where the intermediate chamber portion 420 is supplied empty to the pharmacist, the vial adaptor 435 can be used to introduce a concentrate to the intermediate chamber portion 420. The vial adaptor 435 can take different forms, but one embodiment is identical to the vial adaptor described above with reference to
The materials employed in the front and rear sheets of the product bag 400 can be selected based on the material to be stored therein. Preferably, at least one of the sheets is transparent to allow the contents of the container to be visually inspected and to allow the level of the solution in the container to be seen during dispensing. Suitable materials for fabrication of the transparent sheet are typically single-layer and multi-layer laminated, polymer films.
In particular, whether constructed of a single layer or a multi-layer laminated polymer film, the materials comprising the front 12 and rear 14 sheets of the product bag 400 are chosen for their clarity and transparency. Conventional polyvinylchloride (PVC) container materials are generally quite murky in appearance, making it difficult to adequately view the interior of the container and determine the levels of any fluids contained therein or the presence of particulate matter. This is a particularly dangerous situation when administering medication intravenously. It is imperative that a nurse or clinical worker be able to tell, at a glance, that the fluid of any such medication being administered from a medical container is free from particulate matter.
In a first version of the product bag 400, which is depicted in fragmentary schematic cross-section in
In addition to its clarity and transparency, the transparent polymer film 444 (which may be referred to alternatively as the “80:20 film”) is particularly suitable for forming both “peelable” seals and permanent edge seals along the periphery of the product bag 400. As will be described in greater detail below, the 80:20 film, in accordance with the invention, is able to accommodate both lower-temperature peelable seal, and higher-temperature permanent seal, formation processes without affecting the material's integrity or its ability to provide an effective peelable seal.
For certain combinations of diluents and medicaments, the rear sheet 414 can have the same single layer composition and configuration as the front sheet 412. Alternatively, multi-layer films which include layers which are impermeable to moisture and light, for example, may be preferred for the rear sheet to extend the shelf life of a filled container. In the embodiment of the container depicted in
In the exemplary embodiment, the rear sheet 414 includes an inner, seal layer 446 on its inwardly facing surface, constructed of an 80%/20% wt/wt blend of polypropylene-polyethylene copolymer and styrene ethylene-butylene styrene thermal plastic elastomer having a thickness of about three to six mils (the 80:20 film). In one preferred embodiment, the inner seal 80:20 film layer 446 is a six mil thick composition, which is bonded by means of a suitable transparent adhesive 448 to an approximately 0.7 mil to 1.3 mil (preferably 1.0 mils) high-barrier aluminum foil layer 450. An outer, high melting temperature layer 454 is provided on the rear sheet's outwardly facing surface, and is bonded to the high-barrier aluminum foil layer 450 by means of a suitable transparent adhesive 452. In the embodiment of
Because the heat sealing process used to form the peripheral edge seals and the transverse peelable seals is capable of damaging the high-barrier aluminum foil layer, were that layer to remain exposed, the outer high temperature layer 454 is constructed of a relatively high-melting polymer and functions as a protective layer to prevent contact between the foil layer and the hot patterns of a heat seal apparatus. Further, the high-temperature layer 454 serves as a heat seal release (also termed mold release) because it does not melt and stick to the heat seal platens at the temperatures used to form the seals.
The outer high-temperature layer 454 is preferably a polyethylene terephthalate (designated herein as PET or polyester) available from Rhone-Poulanc under the commercial designation TERPHANE 10.21, having a thickness of in the range of about 0.4 to about 0.6 mils. In one preferred embodiment, the thickness dimensions of the multi-layer laminate film 414 are 0.48 mils for the outer, higher-temperature polyester layer 454, 1.0 mils for the high-barrier aluminum foil layer 450, and 6.0 mils for the 80:20 film inner seal layer 446.
It has been found that preferable material choices for the front and rear sheets, which result in optimum performance of the peelable seals, incorporate an interfacing seal layer on both sheets comprising the 80:20 film. However, the interfacing seal layers of the front and rear sheets may, alternatively, comprise polypropylene-polyethylene co-polymer and styrene butadiene elastomer blends having differing relative percentages. The relative percentages used will depend on the characteristics of the various seals contemplated for use in connection with a particular medical container, and the temperature and pressure parameters of the sealing process. Other types of flexible films, which may be useful in the construction of the front and rear sheets of the shell of the product bag 400 of the present invention, as well as the interfacing seal layers on both sheets, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,803,102, 4,910,085, 5,176,634, and 5,462,526, all of the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
In certain applications, particularly where a concentrate is prefilled in the intermediate chamber portion 420, additional protection for the second or intermediate chamber portion 420 of the product bag 400 is preferred. Such additional protection is provided to preclude moisture, oxygen and/or light transmission through the film comprising the front of the intermediate chamber portion to protect the medicament powder from degradation. Such additional protection allows the product bag 400 to be stored, for substantial periods of time, without losing medicinal efficacy.
Referring in particular to
The high-barrier protective film 455 is a multi-layer laminate, constructed of an inner seal layer 456, on its inwardly facing surface. In an exemplary embodiment, the seal layer 456 is a soft co-extrusion coated resin comprising a modified ethylenevinylacetate polymer available from the Dupont Chemical Company under the commercial designation APPEEL 1181, provided in a thickness of from about 0.2 to about 0.4 mils. An aluminum foil layer 458, such as Alcan 1145, of from about 0.7 to about 1.3 mils, (preferably about 1.0 mils) thickness is bonded to the inner seal layer 456 by means of a suitable transparent adhesive 457. An outer, heat seal release layer 460 comprising a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, such as TERPHANE 10.21, approximately 0.48 mils in thickness, forms the outwardly facing surface of the high-barrier protective film 455 and is bonded over the aluminum foil layer 458 by means of a suitable transparent adhesive 459. The adhesive layers 457 and 459, of the present embodiment, comprise a modified aliphatic polyester polyurethane adhesive available from Liofol Co. under the commercial designation TYCEL 7909.
Because the inner seal layer 456 of the high-barrier protective film 455 is a co-extrusion coated resin, it is able to provide a peelable seal, over a broad temperature range, when applied to a number of different materials. Materials to which such a co-extrusion coated resin forms a peelable seal include acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), high density polyethylene (HDPE), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinylchloride (PVC), and the 80:20 film comprising the front sheet 412. The high-barrier protective film 455 may, thus, be removably (peelably) affixed to the outer surface of the front sheet 412, covering the intermediate chamber portion 420.
Preferably, the high-barrier protective film 455 is removable (peelable) from the container prior to its use, to allow examination of the state of the concentrate in the interior of the intermediate chamber portion 420. In the exemplary embodiment, best seen in connection with
As can be understood by referring to
The dimples 451 allow the high-barrier protective film 455 to be adequately sealed over the underlying material of the medical container but, at the same time, provide for easy removal of the film 455 without the application of undue force. Were the entire protective layer 455 to be heat sealed onto the surface of the container, a larger than desired amount of force would be required to completely peel it away. By reducing the surface area of the seal, a lesser force (proportional to the seal area) is required to remove the peelable aluminum strip. It is apparent from the foregoing description, that the amount of force required to remove the peelable aluminum strip is inversely proportional to the number of dimples (451 of
In practical use, the filled bag is received by a hospital's pharmacy services, and first or upper chamber portion 418 is entirely empty and sterile. The intermediate chamber portion 420 is either empty and sterile or prefilled with a concentrate and sterile. The bag 400 can then be stored for a period of time against need. Typically, prior to dispensing, the pharmacist first fills the upper chamber portion 418 with a diluent through the sterilization filtered stem 475 to provide sterile diluent to the upper chamber portion 418. Then, if needed, the pharmacist introduces concentrate to the intermediate chamber portion 420 through the vial adaptor. Then, in some cases, the pharmacist removes the high-barrier foil layer 455 from the surface of the bag 400, thus exposing the intermediate chamber portion 420 in order visually inspect the integrity of the contents. If the bag 400 is not put into use at that time, it is returned to the pharmacy and dispensed again, at the next request. The removal of the peelable high-barrier film 455 from the intermediate chamber portion 420 leaves the contents of the intermediate chamber portion 420 susceptible to degradation by moisture, light and permeable oxygen. It is desirable that the filled containers, of the present invention, are able to be stored in pharmacy services for periods of time up to 30 days, prior to use, without the concentrate being severely degraded by exposure to moisture and free oxygen after the high-barrier protective film over the intermediate chamber portion 420 has been removed. Accordingly, as is shown in
Polymers are classified by the degree to which they restrict passage of penetrant gasses, e.g., oxygen or moisture vapor. The categories range from high-barrier (low permeability) to low-barrier (high permeability). The category in which a polymer is classified may vary according to the penetrant gas. As used herein, the term “high barrier”, when it refers to moisture vapor permeability, means a film with a permeability of less than about 1.5 g/mil/m2/ 24 hr/atm, at 38° C., 100% R.H. As used herein, the term “high barrier” when it refers to oxygen permeability means a film with a permeability of less than about 50 cc/mil/m2/24 hr/atm, at 25° C., 100% R.H.
In one exemplary embodiment, the transparent high-barrier intermediate film 464 comprises a three-layer high-barrier laminate structure which is significantly resistant to free oxygen and water vapor permeability so as to protect the contents of the intermediate chamber portion and increase shelf life of the binary container. In one embodiment, the intermediate film 464 includes an outer layer 66 of silica deposited polyethylene terephthalate (also termed SiOx coated polyester or SiOx coated PET), available from Mitsubishi Kasei under the commercial designation TECH BARRIER™ H, in contact with the sealant layer 456 of the high-barrier protective film 455. The outer layer 66 is bonded to an intermediate layer 68 comprising a silica deposited (SiOx coated) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film available from Mitsubishi Kasei under the commercial designation TECH BARRIER™ S. On its inwardly facing surface, the transparent, high-barrier intermediate film 464 includes an inner seal layer 470 comprising a polypropylene-polyethylene co-polymer, which may be blended with styrene ethylene-butylene styrene thermal plastic elastomer in various ratios. However, a 100% polypropylene-polyethylene co-polymer layer is preferred. The individual layers of the intermediate laminate film 464 are adhesively bonded to one another. For clarity, however, these adhesive layers are not shown but comprise a modified aliphatic polyester polyurethane laminate available from Liofol Co. under the commercial designation TYCEL 7909. The inner seal layer 470 is securely affixed to the outer surface of the container front sheet 412 by an appropriate permanent heat or ultrasonic seal, an adhesive pressure seal, or the like. The transparent, high-barrier intermediate laminate film 464 is sized, horizontally and vertically, to cover the entire surface area of the intermediate chamber portion and also extends to cover the peelable and permanent seals formed adjacent the intermediate chamber portion.
As is the case with the flexible, plastic materials which comprise the front sheet 412 of the product bag 400, the three-layer laminate structure of the intermediate layer 464 is substantially transparent to allow inspection of the contents of the intermediate chamber portion 420. Thus, unlike polyvinylchloride (PVC), and other similar materials, which are fairly hazy (translucent), the intermediate layer 464 is substantially clear and transparent, allowing the contents of the intermediate chamber portion 420 to be easily inspected, while imparting considerable protection against moisture and free oxygen degradation.
In particular, the barrier properties of the transparent, high-barrier intermediate laminate film 464 are substantially greater than those of conventional films, such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), or blends of these polymers, in areas important to the function of the container, e.g., moisture and oxygen permeability. The oxygen permeability of the intermediate layer 464 is approximately 10 cc/mil/m2-24 hr/atm. Conversely, the oxygen permeability of EVA copolymers, LDPE and MDPE, respectively, are approximately 2500 (EVA 5%), 8300 (LDPE), and 8500 (MDPE) cc/mil/m2-24 hr/atm. The oxygen permeability of LLDPE is approximately the same or slightly higher than LDPE. Thus, the oxygen permeability of the transparent, high-barrier intermediate layer 464 is orders of magnitude less than the oxygen permeability of polymers typically used to construct binary medical containers.
Because of the intermediate laminate film's barrier properties, the peelable aluminum foil-containing protective film 455 may be removed by a pharmacist in order to perform an inspection on the bag's contents prior to dispensing, and the container may then be stored for an additional period of time without the danger of oxygen or moisture induced medicament degradation. Once the protective foil layer is removed, it is desirable that the bag have a storage shelf life of about 30 days. After removal of the aluminum foil layer, the precise shelf life of a container which includes a clear high barrier laminate film 464 depends necessarily on the moisture sensitivity of the drug contained in the intermediate chamber portion 420. Drugs with a relatively low moisture sensitivity are able to retain efficacy for periods substantially longer than days by virtue of being protected by the clear high barrier laminate film 464. In addition, drugs with an extreme moisture sensitivity, i.e., those that would normally begin to loose effectiveness almost immediately upon removal of the aluminum foil layer, may be stored for periods up to two weeks without loosing effectiveness because of the moisture barrier properties of the clear high barrier film overlying the intermediate chamber portion 420.
Although the intermediate barrier film 464 has been described in the exemplary embodiment as being affixed to the outer surface of the intermediate chamber portion 420, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the intermediate layer may be sized to cover both the intermediate chamber portion 420 and the upper chamber portion 418 if desired. The manner of attachment of the intermediate layer to the outer surface of the bag 400 may also be varied. The intermediate layer 464 may be permanently secured to the outer surface of the bag 400 by a suitable adhesive, as well as by permanent heat or ultrasonic sealing. Alternatively, the intermediate film 464 may be removably provided on the surface of the bag 400 by adjusting the temperature and pressure characteristics of a heat seal, in order to make the seal peelable. In this case the film 464 could be peeled from the product bag 400 as was the case with film 455.
It should be noted that in the exemplary embodiment, the medicament is disclosed as being in the form of a dry powder, granulate, flake, gel, foam, or other form. Such forms can be for example, antibiotic compositions or antiemetic compositions, with non-limiting examples of such being; cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ampicillin, nafcillin, erythromycin, ceftriaxone, metoclopramide and ticar/clay. However, a liquid concentrate may also be employed in this system. Such a condition may arise when a liquid concentrate and a liquid diluent are not compatible for long periods of time and must be mixed just prior to being dispensed to a patient. Also, the concentrate may be in the form of a colloid, crystalloid, liquid concentrate, emulsion, or the like. In addition, the intermediate chamber portion 420 need not be filled with a drug, per se. Other medical compositions, such as lyophilized blood fractions, blood factor 8, factor 9, prothrombin complex, and the like, are equally suitable. While a single medicament, and a single upper chamber portion 418 is disclosed in the bag, bags which have multiple chamber portions filled with different diluents and/or different concentrates, may be provided in accordance with the present invention.
In a second version of the product bag 400, which is depicted in schematic cross-section in
As was the case with the first version, depicted in
The alternative high-barrier intermediate laminate film is constructed of a transparent, multi-layer thermoplastic polymer laminate, indicated generally at 471, with high moisture and oxygen barrier properties. In the exemplary embodiment of
Ethylenevinylalcohol is primarily noted for its barrier properties against oxygen permeability. In particular, its oxygen permeability barrier values are typically in excess of four orders of magnitude greater than conventional primary bag films such as ethylenevinylacetate (EVA), SURLYN®, medium and high-density polyethylene (MDPE, HDPE). However, while affording a considerable barrier to oxygen permeability, ethylenevinylalcohol, alone, may not provide sufficient protection from water vapor. Accordingly, a moisture barrier layer 478 is laminated to the ethylenevinylalcohol oxygen barrier layer 474 by a second low density polyethylene (LDPE) bonding layer 80. Moisture barrier 78 is a transparent, flexible film comprising an oriented high density polyethylene (OHDPE) polymer available from the Tredegar Co. of Richmond, Va. under the commercial designation of MONAX™, grade HD. The resultant composite barrier structure includes a polyester (PET) heat seal release layer 82 (such as TERPHANE 10.21) on its outward facing surface, and which is laminated, in turn, to the moisture barrier 78 by a third low density polyethylene extrudate bonding layer 84.
The multi-layer, high-barrier polymeric laminate film 471 of the exemplary embodiment described in connection with
A higher transparency is obtainable for the multi-layer laminate film 471 of
In addition, SiOx containing material is relatively rigid and brittle, and can be cracked during the primary container manufacturing, filling, and/or handling process. Because of its inherent rigidity, the barrier properties of a SiOx containing film decrease if the SiOx film is stretched beyond 1% due to destruction of the SiOx film substrate. In addition, the state of SiOx coating technology is such that a SiOx film's barrier properties will vary from point-to-point over the surface of the film. This is because currently available SiOx sputtering processes are not able to form a smooth film of consistent thickness. This variability of barrier properties is typically greater than that shown by extruded polymeric materials, which have a lower variance because of their inherent homogenous character. The barrier properties of a homogenous polymeric barrier film is primarily a function of film thickness, which can be controlled very precisely during the manufacturing process.
While preferred materials for the clear, high-barrier intermediate film would include both an oxygen barrier layer and a moisture barrier layer, alternate materials may be used to provide a intermediate chamber portion cover which is adapted for particular uses. For example, one of the high barrier layers may be omitted giving a high-barrier intermediate film which includes only a moisture barrier layer, or only an oxygen barrier layer. Moreover, the high-barrier intermediate film may include a moisture barrier layer, as described above, in combination with a heat seal release layer which is constructed from a high melting temperature material which also has oxygen barrier properties.
Table 1 is a non-limiting list showing the exemplary film 471 of
In accordance with practice of the present invention, each of the multi-layer laminate films discussed above, are contemplated as forming a clear high-barrier covering over the intermediate chamber portion 420 of the sterile product bag 400. Preferably, the rear sheet 414 of each such container is constructed of a multi-layer laminate structure including a high moisture barrier aluminum foil-containing film, comprising the 80%/20% wt/wt film on its inwardly facing surface, as described in connection with the embodiment of
Constructing the rear sheet 414 of the bag 400 from an opaque aluminum foil-containing high-barrier laminate film allows the contents of the bag 400 to be protected from exposure from UV and visible spectrum light which may degrade its contents. In practical use, the peelable aluminum foil-containing film, covering the intermediate chamber portion 420, is typically removed prior to dispensing by a hospital's pharmacy. Since the high-barrier intermediate films are clear, they do not provide protection against light exposure and care must be taken to prevent the contents of the intermediate chamber portion 420 from being inadvertently exposed to UV or intense visible spectrum light during subsequent container storage. Accordingly, the bag 400 is folded-over upon itself in the region of one of the peelable seals, such that the aluminum foil-containing film (or rear sheet) forms the outward facing surface of the folded-over container and helps protect the contents of the intermediate chamber portion 420 from exposure to UV or intense visible spectrum light.
Referring to
When the product bag 400 is constructed with the additional peelable seal 425 and buffer chamber portion 429, a sacrificial moisture vapor permeation path is provided which protects powdered drugs in the intermediate chamber portion 420 from moisture permeating through the container material from the upper chamber portion 418. Although the intermediate chamber portion 420 is covered by one of a variety of high-barrier protective coverings, as described above, a path exists, for moisture to migrate from the upper chamber portion 418 to the intermediate chamber portion 420, through the primary container materials comprising the first peelable seal 424. In the embodiment of the invention depicted in
Thus, it can be seen that the additional peelable seal 425 and buffer chamber portion 429 provides means for protecting the dry medicament in the intermediate chamber portion 420 from being degraded by moisture.
As mentioned, the triple chambered product bag 400 will be received by health care personnel, typically a hospital's pharmacy department, in the completed configuration shown in
Referring now to
The arrangement of the product bag 400 precludes delivery of unmixed diluent through the outlet port 430. Further, the arrangement of the intermediate chamber portion 420 between the upper chamber portion 418 and the outlet port 430 enhances the probability of complete mixing and delivery of the medicament to the patient. For bags including a liquid diluent and powdered concentrate, rupture of the first peelable seal between the upper chamber portion 418 and intermediate chamber portion 420 is essentially assured prior to rupture of the second peelable seal between the intermediate chamber portion 420 and the lower security chamber portion 422 since the hydraulic forces developed in the diluent by manipulating the bag 400 cannot be transmitted through the powder in the intermediate chamber portion 420 until the first seal has been ruptured and mixing of the diluent and concentrate has commenced. For those cases where a liquid medicament may be used, the relative size difference between the upper chamber portion 418 and the intermediate chamber portion 420 and the placement of the smaller intermediate chamber portion 420 intermediate the larger upper chamber portion 418 and the lower or security chamber portion 422 assures development of hydraulic forces which will rupture the first seal between the upper and intermediate chamber portions 418, 420 before rupture of the second seal leading to the security chamber portion 422 with only minimal care.
In the exemplary embodiments of the container, shown in
Throughout the foregoing disclosure, the various product bags 100, 150, 300, 400 have been described as optionally including a vial adaptor 120, 325, 435 for facilitating the introduction of product concentrate into the bag for reconstitution. Other embodiments of the various product bags 100, 150, 300, 400 can also include other types of ports in addition to or as a substitute for the illustrated port. Such other types of ports may include a Luer-Activate-Device (LAD) (also commonly be referred to as a Luer-Activated-Valve (LAV)) attached to the bag and in fluid communication with the bladder to provide multiple resealable connections to the interior of the bladder. The LAD could be used to introduce medical fluids such as a product concentrate to the bag similar to the vial adaptor described above. For example this LAD could be included instead of a vial adaptor, or in addition to a vial adaptor. In one version of the disclosure where the product bag includes a LAD, the LAD can also be used to not only provide a resealable connection to the interior of the bag for adding substances to the bag but also provide a resealable connection to the interior to selectively withdraw multiple distinct doses from the bag, after the bag has been filled with a medical fluid such as a medicament or nutritional substance. The LAD can also be used as an embodiment of an administration port 118 (
Furthermore, while the foregoing disclosure only specifically describes embodiments of product bags with one filter arrangement disposed, for example, in line with a stem as described with reference to
Further still, the product bag of the present disclosure has thus far been described as being a traditional parenteral solution container (e.g., an IV bag) but the product bag may include other solution containers for other purposes. For example,
More specifically,
The free end 30 of the bladder 22 is mounted to a “floating” or movable element 32, such as the illustrated connecting or indicating member or indicator. The “floating” element 32 includes a port 34 to which the expandable bladder 22 is connected and with which the lumen 28 or storage volume 26 is in flow communication. As illustrated, the element 32 can include indicia 36 to, in cooperation with indicia 38 on the housing 12, permit determining the volume of liquid L in the pump 10.
At least a portion or section of flexible tubing 40 extends between the indicating member 32 and an opening O formed by the tubing 40 for filling the bladder 22. Preferably, the opening O is in flow communication with an inlet 39 formed by the second end cap port 20. Most preferably, the flexible tubing 40 is in flow communication with both the port 34 through the indicating member 32 and the port 20 in the second end cap 16.
In this arrangement, an essentially isolated fluid storage and transport circuit is established from the second end cap 16 through the port 20 into the flexible tubing 40, through the indicator 32 and bladder 22, and out of the port 18 in the first end cap 14. The tube 40 has a relatively small inside diameter to minimize the amount of residual fluid that may be in the pump system after infusion. The small diameter tube also reduces or minimizes the time necessary for priming the pump 10. However, as will be discussed in more detail herein, the minimal amount of air (about 0.50 ml) in the tubing 40 enhances operation of the pump 10.
As will be apparent from
In a present embodiment, a tube set 50 is connected to the pump 10, which tube set 50 is configured to provide fluid, directly or indirectly from the bladder 22 to a patient. The patient delivery tube set 50 can be connected to the end cap 14 of the pump 10. Preferably the tube set 50 is connected to (e.g., formed as a part of) the pump 10 assembly.
For purposes of the present discussion, the second end cap port 20 will be referred to as the inlet or fill port 20 and the first cap port 18 will be referred to as the outlet port. The pump 10 can include at least one valve associated with the indicating member 32, the valve being configured to permit fluid L to flow into the bladder 22 from the inlet port 20 to fill the bladder 22. In a present configuration, a “duck bill” valve can be formed as part of, or mounted to, the indicating member 32, extending into the bladder 22. The duck bill valve permits fluid L input to the bladder 22 from the inlet port 20 and prevents reverse flow out of the bladder 22 through the inlet port 20.
The pump 10 further includes an outlet nozzle 56 that extends inwardly from the first end cap 14 at the port 18, into the bladder 22. In this configuration, the bladder 22 can be sealingly mounted to the port 34 and to the nozzle 56 to isolate the fluid path, and to prevent leakage from around the bladder 22 connections into the housing 12. The outlet nozzle 56 can be configured to filter flow from the bladder 22. Alternately, and preferably, the outlet nozzle 56 is configured to provide a free flow of fluid that can be regulated by a downstream restrictor device 52.
The inlet port 20 on the second end cap 20 is attached to the filter 19 via a hollow tube, which can be referred to as a portion of a stem 21. The filter 19 can include any of the filter arrangements described above with respect to
That is, referring specifically to
Other embodiments of the pump 10 are also contemplated. In certain embodiments, the shell 13 is non-rigid and can deform to the shape of the bladder 22 when the bladder is inflated with the fluid. In a further example embodiment, the shell 13 can include a single end cap 14, 16 with the single cap having both an inlet port 20 and outlet port 18. As in the earlier example embodiment, the inlet port includes a stem 21 and filter 19 to allow sterile filtration of the fluid being injected into the bladder 22 and when the desired amount of fluid is input into the bladder 22, the portion of the stem 21 disposed between the filter 19 and the port 20 can be sealed and cut in a manner identical to the previous embodiments such that the filter 19 can be removed and integrity tested. In further embodiments, the bladder 22 can be of a material that does not possess a great degree of elasticity but the pump 10 includes a mechanism (not shown) that applies a force against the exterior of the bladder 22 upon the expansion of the bladder, thereby pressurizing the fluid within the bladder. For example within the shell can be a platen and biasing mechanism (not shown) whereby the expansion of the bladder 22 displaces the platen against the force of the biasing mechanism, thereby applying a counter force against the bladder.
While certain representative versions of the claimed subject matter have been described herein for purposes of illustrating the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the devices and methods disclosed may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the following claims and is not limited in any manner by the foregoing description.
Priority is claimed to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/533,362, filed Jul. 17, 2017, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Additionally, the following related and co-owned U.S. or applications are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety: U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/533,380, having Attorney Docket No.: 31203/52019P (entitled DUAL CONTAINER SYSTEM FOR PRODUCT RECONSTITUTION); U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/533,408, having Attorney Docket No.: 31203/52032P (entitled MEDICAL PRODUCT INCLUDING PRE-FILLED PRODUCT BAG WITH FILTERED FLUID PORT); U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/533,427, having Attorney Docket No.: 31203/52050P (entitled FILTERED PRODUCT BAG WITH COMPACT FORM FACTOR); and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/533,440, having Attorney Docket No.: 31203/52062P (entitled MEDICAL SYRINGE SYSTEM WITH FILTERED FILLING PORT), each filed on Jul. 17, 2017.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US18/41800 | 7/12/2018 | WO | 00 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62533362 | Jul 2017 | US |
