Patent Grant
9227780
This invention relates to storage apparatus. This invention has particular application to cuttings capture, storage and transfer apparatus for handling drill cuttings on rigs and platforms, and for illustrative purposes the invention will be described with reference to this application. However we envisage that this invention may find use in other applications such as bulk handling of particulates and non-homogeneous mixtures generally.
The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that the referenced prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in Australia.
The disposal of drill cuttings from rigs and platforms at sea has come under increasing regulation on environmental grounds. The challenge is to accumulate cuttings on board and tranship to shore for ultimate disposal. Typically drill cuttings are accumulated in generic crane-hoistable skips which are loaded on to boat or barge for transport ashore. The number of skips required is large due to lifting limitations. Cranes are weather-dependent in operation, meaning drilling must cease when cuttings capacity on board is reached. The large number of skips necessary is an encumbrance on deck space and skips may not be safe to stack.
One solution proposed has been to use bulk pneumatic silos to handle drill cuttings as is done with other bulk materials such as barite or cement. However, traditional silos are not usually suitable, as the unique and highly variable physical properties of drill cuttings in many cases limits the ability to adequately discharge these tanks.
Traditionally the challenge of discharging high moisture and viscous materials from bulk silos was solved by having high angle conical bottoms in pressure silos. While this approach has been proven to work in most cases, this approach creates limitations in the storage capacity of the tank in a set footprint. One solution proposed by Halliburton is to have a straight sided tank with a “honey comb base” (HCB™) comprising an array of high-angle polygonal pyramids or cones dividing flow into an array of invert-conical or polygonal-pryramid outlets. The HCB tank does not rely on a high angle conical bottom to ensure mass flow discharge and can hold approximately 20% more bulk material in the same footprint as a high angle conical bottomed silo. The disadvantage is that such large tanks cannot be subjected to pressure-and-vacuum cycles necessary for efficient charge and discharge.
In one aspect the present invention resides broadly in storage apparatus including:
The supporting base may comprise a crane-hoistable supporting frame. The footprint of the supporting base may be selected to conform to a standard size such as an ISO container footprint. Alternatively the footprint may be selected to conform to the footprint of a prior art cuttings storage tank, or a defined load space on board or on transfer means such as a barge.
In yet a further embodiment the footprint may conform to the end of an ISO container and the vertical faces may describe an ISO container shape, whereby the apparatus may be turned on to the appropriate side for shipping and handling as a container. To this end the supporting base may include an open crane-hoistable frame formed by welding frame members to standard steel container corner lifting point castings.
The plurality of silos are preferably supported in a close packed array on the supporting base to get as close as possible to the density of the prior art single silo or HCB apparatus. The plurality of silos may comprise a plurality of individual, round or polygonal-sectioned silos having a generally vertical axis and constant cross section transverse the axis. Alternatively the plurality of silos may be formed by internal partitioning of a single outer silo casing. For example the silo casing may be square in section and divided by vertical partitioning into 4 equilateral-sectioned silo portions.
Preferably the silos are of a curved wall section to resist pressure and vacuum cycles while keeping the weight of construction down. The upper portion of the silo may be closed by a domed top to reduce deformation in pressure and vacuum cycles.
The lower portion is preferably of a relatively high angle of repose selected according to the material to be stored and pumped out. The convergence on the silo port is preferably smooth and without other impediment for material to pass under gravity to the port. The lower portion may for example be, or transition to be, a substantially conical lower portion. Gravity discharge may also be facilitated by the conical bases being able to be swung open.
The outlet valve may be of any valve suitable for use with the stored material. In the case of at least drill cuttings the outlet valve may be a knifegate valve. The silo ports may be siamesed or manifolded downstream of the outlet valves to provide one or more delivery conduits from the apparatus
The upper charging port may pass though the upper side wall of the silo or may pass through the upper closure of the silo. The inlet valve may be of any valve suitable for use with the stored material. In the case of at least drill cuttings the inlet valve may be a knifegate valve. The upper charging ports will generally draw from a single cuttings supply and accordingly there is provided a charge manifold interconnecting the respective inlet ports and connecting the ports to the cuttings source.
The cuttings source may comprise a buffering hopper mounted above the silos and feeding with gravity assistance. Alternatively the cuttings source may comprise a pumped source such as those including a pump such as that disclosed in one or both of WO/2009/018599 and WO/2006/037186, hereby incorporated by reference.
The silos may be adapted to provide for both capture and transfer of drill cuttings. To this end the apparatus may be provided with active means for charging and discharging the material. For example there may be provided a pressure/vacuum port located at an upper position in each silo. There may be provided air supply means operable to selectively apply pressure or vacuum to each of the pressure/vacuum ports. The ports may be supplied with vacuum or pressure simultaneously, in tandem or individually on demand.
For example, the pressure/vacuum port may be connected to an ejector assembly of the type including a venturi for generating vacuum using high velocity compressed air and valved to be able to cycle to a pressure phase using the same compressed air source. The air supply means is accordingly an industrial air source of greater than 90 psig and preferably above 150 psig may be provided and down regulated as required.
There may be provided control means selectively operating the outlet valve and inlet valve. The control means may be selected to operate on one or more programmable cycles or may comprise a manually operable interface. The control means preferably controls the preferred pressure/vacuum port via an ejector assembly operated by the air supply means. The configuration and control is preferably selected to allow for several options in both load and discharge modes of operation. Preferably the tanks are rated for full vacuum and 16 psi discharge pressure. Because of the preferred high angle of repose the silos can also discharge their contents via gravity, under vacuum or via pressure along with any combination of these.
The inlet manifold and preferred outlet manifold allows one tank to be loaded whilst another is being discharged. As a consequence of the independence of operation of the silos, the apparatus can be used for the storage of for example bulk drilling mud or fluids while processing cuttings. There could be two tanks holding bulk base chemicals or diesel whilst the others are filling, storing or discharging drill cuttings. The manifold may also allow for transfer between adjacent “pods” of silos as each apparatus may form a module of a modular system that is scalable in situ.
While apparatus in accordance with the foregoing will give away some capacity in volume relative to the monolithic prior art on pure geometric grounds, there are numerous advantages that outweigh the volume shortfall. The system can store different products at the same time; the prior art storages must have the contents removed to change.
The “pods” of silos can be craned and then trucked horizontally via standard shipping container mounts.
The invention will be described with reference to the following non-limiting embodiment of the invention as illustrated in the drawings and wherein:
In the figures there is illustrated storage apparatus including a crane-hoistable supporting frame 10 incorporating a supporting base portion 11. The footprint of the base portion 11 conforms to the end of an ISO container and the vertical faces describe an ISO container shape. The supporting base 11 and frame 10 comprises an open frame formed by welding frame members 12 to standard steel container corner lifting point castings 13.
Five silos 14 of circular section are supported on the supporting base 11, each silo 14 having a lower portion 15 converging on a silo port 16 controlled by an outlet valve 17, and an upper charging port 20 controlled by an inlet valve 21. The silos 14 are in a close packed array on the supporting base to get as close as possible to the density of the prior art single silo or HCB apparatus.
An upper portion 22 of the silo is closed by a domed top 18 to reduce deformation in pressure and vacuum cycles. The lower portion 15 is a substantially conical lower portion and has an angle of repose of about 65° selected to accommodate discharge of drilling cuttings.
The outlet valve 17 is a knifegate valve. The respective silo ports 16 are manifolded to a common pod outlet 32 via respective outlet branches 34 downstream of the outlet valves 17.
The upper charging port 20 passes through the domed top 18 of the silo. The inlet valve 21 is a knifegate valve. A charge manifold 25 interconnects the respective upper charging ports 20 and connects the ports to the cuttings source conduit 26.
The upper charging port 20 may pass though the upper side wall of the silo or may pass through the upper closure of the silo. The upper charging ports will generally draw from a flowable material source. The flowable material source may be configured as a single cuttings supply such as a buffering hopper 36 mounted above the silos and feeding with gravity assistance, or a pumped source 38.
The silos 14 are adapted to provide for both capture and transfer of drill cuttings by selective application of pressure and vacuum to the interior of the silo 14. A pressure/vacuum port 27 is located through the domed top 18. The pressure/vacuum port is connected via cycle control valve 30 to an ejector assembly 40 of the type including a venturi 44 for generating vacuum using high velocity compressed air from a compressed air source 42 and valved to be able to cycle to a pressure phase to about 16 psig using the same compressed air source 42.
Control means (not shown) is selectively operable to control the outlet valve 17 and inlet valve 21 on selectable program cycles, and manually operable cycles. The control means controls the cycle control valve 30 and thus the ejector assembly.
Apparatus in accordance with the foregoing embodiment offers several advantages from lower build cost right through to being a significantly more functional piece of equipment. A 12.75 m3 capacity is lower than the prior art capacity but the issues of the prior art that are overcome are crucial for the successful operation offshore. The dual manifold allows for one tank to be loaded whilst another or others are being emptied. The gravity discharge capability on all tanks is an advantage. The tanks may be loaded or unloaded by both vacuum and pressure. Pressurizing HCB tanks often bends the knifegate blades so some jam up. Different products can be accommodated in each pod. 12.75 m3 of cuttings is around 25 tonnes so the pods can be transferred full to an awaiting cargo barge. Other single tanks such as SWACO employ a 65° angle of repose on their tanks so they are about 10 metres high. From an operational perspective this creates logistical difficulties to deal with.
The fact that the embodiment has 5 tanks which can all function autonomously to some degree removes the bigger issue of a single tank going down/offline. Tanks are generally employed to give continuity of drilling in poor weather. With the embodied system the operator can actually be still using one tank in a pod whilst discharging the others down to an awaiting barge in a break in the weather. This sort of small thing offers big dollar savings when a rig (without the crew or equipment) is costing 250-400,000.00 USD per day
It will of course be realised that while the above has been given by way of illustrative example of this invention, all such and other modifications and variations thereto as would be apparent to persons skilled in the art are deemed to fall within the broad scope and ambit of this invention as is set forth in the claims appended hereto.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU2010/000048 | 1/20/2010 | WO | 00 | 10/22/2012 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011/088493 | 7/28/2011 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3607620 | Carlsmith | Sep 1971 | A |
| 3861286 | Albright et al. | Jan 1975 | A |
| 4411295 | Nutter | Oct 1983 | A |
| 5381839 | Dowd | Jan 1995 | A |
| 6003332 | Foster | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6220790 | Schenk et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6659693 | Perkins et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6698989 | Snowdon | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6702539 | Snowdon | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6709216 | Snowdon | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6709217 | Snowdon | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6776561 | Yeh | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6843633 | Pfeiffer | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 7278811 | Yielding et al. | Oct 2007 | B1 |
| 8074509 | Bingham et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8348556 | Hilgraf et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8425160 | Curle | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8529160 | Ambriz | Sep 2013 | B2 |
| 20080196942 | Bingham et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20090000184 | Garwood | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090220324 | Curle | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20100015020 | Pelly | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100051624 | Finn et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20140158431 | Anderson et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2427380 | Apr 2001 | CN |
| 1356894 | Jul 1973 | GB |
| 1358694 | Jul 1974 | GB |
| 2006037186 | Apr 2006 | WO |
| 2009018599 | Feb 2009 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20130037140 A1 | Feb 2013 | US |
