Patent Grant
9919068
The disclosure relates generally to ultraviolet radiation, and more particularly, to a solution for preserving, disinfecting, and/or the like, stored items within an area, such as food items located in a storage area of a refrigerated unit, using ultraviolet radiation.
Reliable, hygienic storage of sanitary and biological items, such as food, is a major problem. For example, the problem is present throughout the food industry, e.g., manufacturers, retailers, restaurants, and in every household, and is especially significant for food service establishments, in which related issues of food quality control also are significant. In addition to food storage and quality control in fixed locations (e.g., a refrigerator) where access to electricity is readily available, proper food storage and quality control also is important in situations for which access to unlimited electricity and/or a stationary storage device, such as a refrigerator, is not available, such as picnics, camping, mobile food kiosks, hospitality or battlefield meal locations, search and rescue, etc. In addition to food, other stored items also require hygienic storage. For example, medical and chemical equipment, construction wood, etc., also require storage in a biologically safe environment. Since ambient temperature significantly affects bacterial activity, effective control of the ambient temperature is an important tool in ensuring reliable, hygienic storage of various items.
Fresh food products can be processed using ultraviolet light as a germicidal medium to reduce the food-born microbial load. Water has been treated with ultraviolet light to provide safe drinking water for quite some time. Fruit and vegetable products capable of being pumped through a system generally are very suitable for processing by ultraviolet light to reduce the microbial load. Today, most of these products are pasteurized to obtain microbiologically safe and nutritious products. However, pasteurization can change the taste and flavor of such products because of the temperature and processing time. Juices from different sources can be treated by exposure to ultraviolet light at different doses. On the other hand, variables such as exposure time, type of fruit product, juice color and juice composition, among other variables, need to be studied to obtain fruit products with reduced microbial load, increased shelf life and adequate sensory and nutritional characteristics. Reduction of microbial load through ultraviolet light application as a disinfection medium for food products other than liquids also is being studied. Moreover, ultraviolet technology could be a source for pasteurization of liquids, or disinfection of solid foods as an alternative technology, instead of thermal treatment or application of antimicrobial compounds.
In general, ultraviolet (UV) light is classified into three wavelength ranges: UV-C, from about 200 nanometers (nm) to about 280 nm; UV-B, from about 280 nm to about 315 nm; and UV-A, from about 315 nm to about 400 nm. Generally, ultraviolet light, and in particular, UV-C light is “germicidal,” i.e., it deactivates the DNA of bacteria, viruses and other pathogens and thus destroys their ability to multiply and cause disease. This effectively results in sterilization of the microorganisms. Specifically, UV-C light causes damage to the nucleic acid of microorganisms by forming covalent bonds between certain adjacent bases in the DNA. The formation of these bonds prevents the DNA from being “unzipped” for replication, and the organism is neither able to produce molecules essential for life process, nor is it able to reproduce. In fact, when an organism is unable to produce these essential molecules or is unable to replicate, it dies. UV light with a wavelength of approximately between about 250 to about 280 nm provides the highest germicidal effectiveness. While susceptibility to UV light varies, exposure to UV energy for about 20 to about 34 milliwatt-seconds/cm2 is adequate to deactivate approximately 99 percent of the pathogens.
Various approaches have sought to use ultraviolet light to disinfect a compartment, such as compartments found in refrigerators. For example, one approach proposes a plurality of small, low current UV lights which utilize the standard circuitry of the refrigerator to power the UV light source. Another approach uses a UV lamp installed in a top portion of the refrigerator and reflective lining throughout the interior to reflect the UV radiation throughout the compartment. Another approach provides a UV system with a single UV source attached to an internal sidewall of a refrigerator to radiate light to the entire compartment, or in the alternative, provide UV exposure to a limited compartment. Still another approach proposes an air cleaner for an internal compartment of a refrigerator, which utilizes a UV filter to reduce pathogens in the re-circulated air. Still another approach provides a refrigerator with UV light irradiation components to eradicate low-level light from the storage containers contained therein to promote freshness of foodstuffs.
While refrigerators have been widely used to maintain the freshness of foods stored therein, and several approaches for using UV light devices in connection with refrigerators have been proposed, the inventors recognize that these approaches fail to adequately address food life prolongation, disinfection, ethylene decomposition, and/or the like, through the use of UV source(s), such as UV light emitting diode(s), capable of emitting UV radiation of different wavelengths and/or intensities.
The inventors provide a solution for preserving, disinfecting, and/or the like, stored items within a storage area, such as a storage area of a refrigerated unit, using ultraviolet radiation. For example, an embodiment of the solution is configured to monitor biodegradable items within the storage area and determine and apply a target amount of ultraviolet radiation to preserve and/or disinfect the items, without affecting the quality of the items. Embodiments of the system can be implemented in any of various types of storage environments, such as refrigerators, pantries, reusable grocery bags, coolers, boxes, biological and/or sterile object storage containers, and/or the like.
Aspects of the invention provide a solution in which ultraviolet radiation is directed within an area. Items located within the area and/or one or more conditions of the area are monitored over a period of time. Based on the monitoring, ultraviolet radiation sources are controlled by adjusting a direction, an intensity, a pattern, and/or a spectral power of the ultraviolet radiation generated by the ultraviolet radiation source. Adjustments to the ultraviolet radiation source(s) can correspond to one of a plurality of selectable operating configurations including a storage life preservation operating configuration, a disinfection operating configuration, an ethylene decomposition operating configuration, and/or the like.
A first aspect of the invention provides a system comprising: at least one ultraviolet radiation source configured to generate ultraviolet radiation directed within a storage area; and a control system for controlling ultraviolet radiation generated by the at least one ultraviolet radiation source using one of a plurality of selectable operating configurations and a set of current conditions of at least one of: the storage area or a set of items located in the storage area, wherein the controlling includes adjusting at least one of: a direction, an intensity, a pattern, or a spectral power of ultraviolet radiation directed within the storage area based on the set of current conditions of the storage area and a set of target conditions for at least one of: the storage area or a set of items located in the storage area corresponding to a currently selected one of the plurality of selectable operating configurations, and wherein the plurality of selectable operating configurations include: a storage life preservation operating configuration, a disinfection operating configuration, and an ethylene decomposition operating configuration.
A second aspect of the invention provides a food storage device comprising: a storage area configured to store at least one perishable food item; at least one ultraviolet radiation source configured to generate ultraviolet radiation directed within the storage area; and a monitoring system for monitoring a set of current conditions of at least one of: the storage area or a set of items located in the storage area, wherein the set of current conditions includes a set of current biological conditions of the storage area and an operating condition of the at least one ultraviolet radiation source.
A third aspect of the invention provides a refrigeration device comprising: a storage area configured to store at least one refrigerated item; a component configured to control at least one environmental condition of the storage area, wherein the at least one environmental condition includes at least one of: a temperature, a humidity, a gas convection, or a fluid convection; at least one ultraviolet radiation source configured to generate ultraviolet radiation directed within the storage area; and a monitoring and control system for managing the storage area by performing a method comprising: monitoring a set of current conditions of at least one of: the storage area or a set of items located in the storage area; and controlling ultraviolet radiation generated by the at least one ultraviolet radiation source using one of a plurality of selectable operating configurations and the set of current conditions, wherein the controlling includes adjusting at least one of: a direction, an intensity, a pattern, or a spectral power of ultraviolet radiation directed within the storage area based on the set of current conditions of the storage area and a set of target conditions for at least one of: the storage area or a set of items located in the storage area corresponding to a currently selected one of the plurality of selectable operating configurations, and wherein the plurality of selectable operating configurations include: a storage life preservation operating configuration, a disinfection operating configuration, and an ethylene decomposition operating configuration.
A fourth aspect of the invention provides a system comprising: a storage device including a storage area for containing at least one item, wherein the storage area is at least partially defined by: a transparent region fixed in the storage device, wherein the transparent region is configured to transmit ultraviolet radiation; and a reflecting region adjacent to the transparent region, wherein the reflecting region is configured to reflect ultraviolet radiation into the storage area; and a set of ultraviolet radiation sources configured to generate ultraviolet radiation into the storage area, wherein at least one of the set of ultraviolet radiation sources is adjacent to the at least one transparent region.
A fifth aspect of the invention provides a storage device comprising: a storage area for containing at least one item; means for removably mounting an ultraviolet radiation source configured to generate ultraviolet radiation directed into the storage area, wherein the means for removably mounting includes: a reflecting region adjacent to the ultraviolet radiation source, the reflecting region configured to reflect ultraviolet radiation into the storage area; and a transparent region isolating the ultraviolet radiation source from an interior of the storage area, the transparent region configured to transmit ultraviolet radiation into the storage area; and a monitoring and control system for monitoring a set of current conditions for at least one of: the storage area and the at least one item, and for controlling the ultraviolet radiation source based on the set of current conditions.
A sixth aspect of the invention provides a storage device comprising: a storage area for containing at least one item; a set of ultraviolet radiation sources located within the storage device and configured to generate ultraviolet radiation into the storage area, wherein the set of ultraviolet radiation sources are located in a hollow region defined by a reflecting surface configured to reflect ultraviolet radiation into the storage area and a transparent surface configured to transmit ultraviolet radiation; a set of visible and infrared radiation sources configured to generate radiation into the storage area; and a monitoring and control system for monitoring a set of current conditions of the storage area and controlling the set of ultraviolet radiation sources and the set of visible and infrared radiation sources using the set of current conditions.
The illustrative aspects of the invention are designed to solve one or more of the problems herein described and/or one or more other problems not discussed.
These and other features of the disclosure will be more readily understood from the following detailed description of the various aspects of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings that depict various aspects of the invention.
It is noted that the drawings may not be to scale. The drawings are intended to depict only typical aspects of the invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. In the drawings, like numbering represents like elements between the drawings.
As indicated above, aspects of the invention provide a solution in which ultraviolet radiation is directed within an area. Items located within the area and/or one or more conditions of the area are monitored over a period of time. Based on the monitoring, ultraviolet radiation sources are controlled by adjusting a direction, an intensity, a pattern, and/or a spectral power of the ultraviolet radiation generated by the ultraviolet radiation source. Adjustments to the ultraviolet radiation source(s) can correspond to one of a plurality of selectable operating configurations including a storage life preservation operating configuration, a disinfection operating configuration, an ethylene decomposition operating configuration, and/or the like. As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the term “set” means one or more (i.e., at least one) and the phrase “any solution” means any now known or later developed solution. Furthermore, as used herein, ultraviolet radiation/light means electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength ranging from approximately 10 nanometers (nm) to approximately 400 nm, while ultraviolet-C (UV-C) means electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength ranging from approximately 100 nm to approximately 280 nm, ultraviolet-B (UV-B) means electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength ranging from approximately 280 to approximately 315 nanometers, and ultraviolet-A (UV-A) means electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength ranging from approximately 315 to approximately 400 nanometers. As also used herein, a material/structure is considered to be “reflective” to ultraviolet light of a particular wavelength when the material/structure has an ultraviolet reflection coefficient of at least thirty percent for the ultraviolet light of the particular wavelength. In a more particular embodiment, a highly ultraviolet reflective material/structure has an ultraviolet reflection coefficient of at least eighty percent. Furthermore, a material/structure is considered to be “transparent” to ultraviolet light of a particular wavelength when the material/structure allows a significant amount of the ultraviolet radiation to pass there through. In an embodiment, the ultraviolet transparent structure is formed of a material and has a thickness, which allows at least ten percent of the ultraviolet radiation to pass there through.
Turning to the drawings,
In an embodiment, during an initial period of operation (e.g., after recent access to the area, addition/removal/reconfiguration of item(s) placed within the area, and/or the like), the computer system 20 can acquire data from the feedback component 14 regarding one or more attributes of the items in the area and/or conditions of the area and generate analysis data 42 for further processing. The analysis data 42 can include information on the color, appearance, and/or the like, of items in the area, the presence of microorganisms on the items or within the area, and/or the like. Furthermore, the analysis data 42 can include information on the presence of ethylene gas within the area. The computer system 20 can use the analysis data 42 to generate calibration data 40 for controlling one or more aspects of the ultraviolet radiation generated by the ultraviolet radiation source(s) 12 using one of a plurality of selectable operating configurations as discussed herein. Furthermore, one or more aspects of the operation of the ultraviolet radiation source 12 can be controlled by a user 6 via an external interface component 26B.
The computer system 20 is shown including a processing component 22 (e.g., one or more processors), a storage component 24 (e.g., a storage hierarchy), an input/output (I/O) component 26A (e.g., one or more I/O interfaces and/or devices), and a communications pathway 28. In general, the processing component 22 executes program code, such as the analysis program 30, which is at least partially fixed in the storage component 24. While executing program code, the processing component 22 can process data, which can result in reading and/or writing transformed data from/to the storage component 24 and/or the I/O component 26A for further processing. The pathway 28 provides a communications link between each of the components in the computer system 20. The I/O component 26A and/or the external interface component 26B can comprise one or more human I/O devices, which enable a human user 6 to interact with the computer system 20 and/or one or more communications devices to enable a system user 6 to communicate with the computer system 20 using any type of communications link. To this extent, during execution by the computer system 20, the analysis program 30 can manage a set of interfaces (e.g., graphical user interface(s), application program interface, and/or the like) that enable human and/or system users 6 to interact with the analysis program 30. Furthermore, the analysis program 30 can manage (e.g., store, retrieve, create, manipulate, organize, present, etc.) the data, such as calibration data 40 and analysis data 42, using any solution.
In any event, the computer system 20 can comprise one or more general purpose computing articles of manufacture (e.g., computing devices) capable of executing program code, such as the analysis program 30, installed thereon. As used herein, it is understood that “program code” means any collection of instructions, in any language, code or notation, that cause a computing device having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after any combination of the following: (a) conversion to another language, code or notation; (b) reproduction in a different material form; and/or (c) decompression. To this extent, the analysis program 30 can be embodied as any combination of system software and/or application software.
Furthermore, the analysis program 30 can be implemented using a set of modules 32. In this case, a module 32 can enable the computer system 20 to perform a set of tasks used by the analysis program 30, and can be separately developed and/or implemented apart from other portions of the analysis program 30. When the computer system 20 comprises multiple computing devices, each computing device can have only a portion of the analysis program 30 fixed thereon (e.g., one or more modules 32). However, it is understood that the computer system 20 and the analysis program 30 are only representative of various possible equivalent monitoring and/or control systems 11 that may perform a process described herein. To this extent, in other embodiments, the functionality provided by the computer system 20 and the analysis program 30 can be at least partially implemented by one or more computing devices that include any combination of general and/or specific purpose hardware with or without program code. In each embodiment, the hardware and program code, if included, can be created using standard engineering and programming techniques, respectively. In another embodiment, the monitoring and/or control system 11 can be implemented without any computing device, e.g., using a closed loop circuit implementing a feedback control loop in which the outputs of one or more sensing devices are used as inputs to control the operation of one or more other devices (e.g., LEDs). Illustrative aspects of the invention are further described in conjunction with the computer system 20. However, it is understood that the functionality described in conjunction therewith can be implemented by any type of monitoring and/or control system 11.
Regardless, when the computer system 20 includes multiple computing devices, the computing devices can communicate over any type of communications link. Furthermore, while performing a process described herein, the computer system 20 can communicate with one or more other computer systems, such as the user 6, using any type of communications link. In either case, the communications link can comprise any combination of various types of wired and/or wireless links; comprise any combination of one or more types of networks; and/or utilize any combination of various types of transmission techniques and protocols. This communications link, which can include a wireless or cable based transmission, can be utilized to transmit information about the state of one or more items and/or zones within the storage area 54.
The system 10 can be implemented within an existing storage device (e.g., a refrigerator) using any solution. For example, one or more ultraviolet radiation sources 12 and one or more devices included in a feedback component 14 can be fixed within various locations in the storage device (e.g., on walls, shelves, etc.) and configured for operation by the computer system 20. The locations of devices in the ultraviolet radiation source(s) 12 and/or the feedback component 14 can be selected to provide comprehensive coverage of the storage area of the storage device and the items located within the storage area. In an embodiment, the computer system 20 can be located outside of the storage area of the storage device.
The ultraviolet radiation source 12 can comprise any combination of one or more ultraviolet radiation emitters. For example, the UV source 12 can include a high intensity ultraviolet lamp (e.g., a high intensity mercury lamp), an ultraviolet light emitting diode (LED), and/or the like. In an embodiment, the UV source 12 includes a set of light emitting diodes manufactured with one or more layers of materials selected from the group-III nitride material system (e.g., AlxInyGa1-X-YN, where 0≤x, y≤1, and x+y≤1 and/or alloys thereof). Additionally, the UV source 12 can comprise one or more additional components (e.g., a wave guiding structure, a component for relocating and/or redirecting ultraviolet radiation emitter(s), etc.) to direct and/or deliver the emitted radiation to a particular location/area, in a particular direction, in a particular pattern, and/or the like, within the storage area. Illustrative wave guiding structures include, but are not limited to, a plurality of ultraviolet fibers, each of which terminates at an opening, a diffuser, and/or the like. The computer system 12 can independently control each UV source 12.
The system 10 also can include an alarm component 23, which can be operated by the computer system 20 to indicate when ultraviolet radiation is being directed within the storage area. The alarm component 23 can include one or more devices for generating a visual signal, an auditory signal, and/or the like. For example, in the example shown in
The computer system 20 is configured to control and adjust a direction, an intensity, a pattern, and/or a spectral power (e.g., wavelength) of the ultraviolet radiation sources 12 to correspond to a particular operating configuration 50A-50C. The computer system 20 can control and adjust each property of the UV source 12 independently. For example, the computer system 20 can adjust the intensity, the time duration, and/or time scheduling (e.g., pattern) of the UV source 12 for a given wavelength. Each operating configuration 50A-50C can designate a unique combination of: a target ultraviolet wavelength, a target intensity level, a target pattern for the ultraviolet radiation (e.g., time scheduling, including duration (e.g., exposure/illumination time), duty cycle, time between exposures/illuminations, and/or the like), a target spectral power, and/or the like, in order to meet a unique set of goals corresponding to each operating configuration 50A-50C.
For example, the storage life preservation operating configuration 50A can require an ultraviolet wavelength of approximately 290 nm peak emission of a relatively lower intensity substantially continuous radiation. For example, an illustrative intensity range can be between approximately 0.1 milliwatt/m2 and approximately 1000 milliwatt/m2. In an embodiment, the intensity for the ultraviolet radiation in the storage life preservation operating configuration 50A can be approximately 400 microwatts/cm2. In a more specific illustrative embodiment, the ultraviolet LEDs can direct ultraviolet radiation having an intensity of a few (e.g., 1-3) microwatts/cm2 for approximately seven days within an enclosure that does not allow ultraviolet radiation to escape, such as an aluminum tube.
The disinfection operating configuration 50B can require any subset of ultraviolet wavelengths in the range of ultraviolet wavelengths (e.g., between approximately 10 nm and approximately 400 nm) and higher intensity levels. In an embodiment, the intensity range can be between approximately 1 milliwatt/m2 and approximately 10 watt/m2. In a more specific embodiment, the ultraviolet wavelength and intensity levels for the disinfection operating configuration 50B can be between approximately 250-290 nm and approximately 20 microwatt/cm2 or higher, respectively, and the ultraviolet light can be applied for approximately 20 minutes. In this case, the dosage of ultraviolet radiation for the disinfection operating configuration 50B can be approximately 24 milliJoule/cm2. However, it is understood that this is only illustrative and a dosage can be at least approximately 16 milliJoule/cm2. The ethylene decomposition operating configuration 50C can require even higher intensity levels and the disinfection operating configuration 50B and a relatively low ultraviolet wavelength of approximately 230-270 nm. In an embodiment, the intensity range can be between approximately 1 milliwatt/m2 and approximately 1000 watt/m2.
In an embodiment, the sensing devices 16 include at least one of a visual camera or a chemical sensor. The visual camera can acquire data (e.g., visual, electronic, and/or the like) used to monitor the storage area 54 and/or one or more of the items 56 located therein, while the chemical sensor can acquire data (e.g., chemical, electronic, and/or the like) used to monitor the storage area 54 and/or one or more of the items 56 located therein. The set of current conditions of the storage area 54 and/or items 56 can include the color or visual appearance of the items 56, the presence of microorganisms within the storage area 54, and/or the like. In an embodiment, the visual camera comprises a fluorescent optical camera. In this case, when the computer system 20 is operating the UV radiation source 12 in the storage life preservation operating configuration 50A (
The feedback component 14 also can include one or more additional devices. For example, the feedback component 14 is shown including a logic unit 17. In an embodiment, the logic unit 17 receives data from a set of sensing devices 16 and provides data corresponding to the set of conditions of the storage area 54 and/or items 56 located in the storage area 54 for processing by the computer system 20. In a more particular embodiment, the computer system 20 can provide information corresponding to the currently selected operating configuration 50 for use by the feedback component 14. For example, the logic unit 17 can adjust the operation of one or more of the sensing devices 16, operate a unique subset of the sensing devices 16, and/or the like, according to the currently selected operating configuration 50. In response to data received from the feedback component 14, the computer system 20 can automatically adjust and control one or more aspects of the ultraviolet radiation 13 generated by the ultraviolet radiation source 12 according to the currently selected operating configuration 50.
In an embodiment, the system 10 can include visible and/or infrared (IR) sources 15 which can be controlled by the computer system 20 to generate light 25 directed within the storage area 54. For example, the computer system 20 can control the visible source 15 to generate light 25 with wavelengths configured to increase photosynthesis in one or more food items 56. Additionally, the computer system 20 can control the IR source 15 to generate light 25 directed onto certain foods to locally increase the temperature of the food items 56. The visible and/or IR source 15 also can generate light 25 to excite fluorescence from microorganisms that may be present on items 56, so that a sensing device 16 of the feedback component 14 can detect the microorganisms. Furthermore, the visible and/or IR source 15 can generate light 25 to facilitate a target (e.g., optimal) photocatalytic reaction for the catalyst 59.
As described herein, embodiments can be implemented as part of any of various types of storage systems.
In an embodiment, the ultraviolet radiation source 12 can include a plurality of ultraviolet light emitters located in various locations adjacent to a storage area. To this extent,
The highly reflective wall 64 can reflect and/or absorb the UV radiation. The highly reflective wall can include a reflectivity of more than approximately 50% as measured for the UV radiation at the normal incidence direction. Approximately 20% of the volume of the hollow region 58 can include a refractive index lower than that of the ultraviolet transparent wall 57. A plurality of elements 60 can protrude from the ultraviolet transparent wall 57 into the hollow region 58. The plurality of elements 60 can include high/low index interfaces 62. During operation, once the ultraviolet radiation emitters 12 shine ultraviolet light into the storage area 154, the high/low index interfaces 60 and the highly reflective wall 64 reflect ultraviolet light back into the storage area 154. The ultraviolet transparent wall 57 can be made of one or more materials that allow ultraviolet radiation to pass through, such as fused silica, an amorphous fluoroplastic (e.g., Teflon by Dupont), and/or the like. Other illustrative materials include alumina sol-gel glass, alumina aerogel, sapphire, aluminum nitride (e.g., single crystal aluminum nitride), boron nitride (e.g., single crystal boron nitride), and/or the like. The outer reflective wall 64 can be made of one or more materials that reflects ultraviolet radiation, such as polished aluminum, a highly ultraviolet reflective expanding polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane (e.g., GORE® Diffuse Reflector Material), and/or the like.
A computer system 20 (
Alternatively, as shown in
Additionally, the shelves 772 may revolve, e.g., via a motor 80. The motor 80 may be controlled by the computer system 20 and rotate according to a timing schedule, such that the first sub-compartment 76 and the second sub-compartment 78 each receive ultraviolet light emitted by one of the UV sources 12A, 12B according to a particular operating configuration at a specific time. Although UV sources 12A, 12B are shown as mounted above the shelf 772, it is understood that UV sources can also be within the shelf 772, below the shelf 772, and/or the like.
Returning to
An environment within the storage area 54 can be controlled by an environmental control component 18. In an illustrative implementation, the environmental control component 18 can comprise a temperature control module, a humidity control module, and/or a convection control module. During normal operation of the environmental control component 18, a user 6 (
The computer system 20 can be configured to adjust one or more operating parameters of the environmental control component 18 based on a set of current conditions in the storage area 54 and/or an operating configuration of the UV radiation source 12. For example, the computer system 20 can adjust one or more of: a temperature, a humidity, a gas convection, and/or a fluid convection of the storage area 54 in response to a set of biological activity dynamics and according to a currently selected operating configuration. To this extent, each operating configuration can further define a set of target environmental conditions for use during the UV illumination. Such environmental conditions can include a target temperature, a target humidity, additional illumination by non-ultraviolet sources (e.g., visible, infrared), air circulation, and/or the like. Furthermore, one or more of the environmental conditions can change over time during implementation of the operating configuration. In an illustrative embodiment, the computer system 20 can operate the environmental control component 18 to circulate air into the chamber 55, e.g., during implementation of the ethylene decomposition operating configuration. Furthermore, the set of current conditions in the storage area 54 can include an operating condition of one or more components of the system 10, such as the ultraviolet radiation source(s) 12. Information regarding the operating condition can be used to, for example, notify a user 6 of a problem using the alarm component 23, alter one or more aspects of an operating configuration, and/or the like. Additionally, the set of current conditions in the storage area 54 can include data corresponding to a dose of ultraviolet radiation delivered by an ultraviolet radiation source 12 during a predetermined time period. In this case, the computer system 20 can dynamically determine when to turn off the ultraviolet radiation source 12.
It is understood that the set of current conditions in the storage area 54 can include one or more attributes corresponding to a set of biological activity dynamics present within the storage area. The set of biological activity dynamics can include, for example, a presence of biological activity (e.g., exponential bacterial growth), a location of the biological activity, a type of biological activity (e.g., type of organism), a concentration of the biological activity, an estimated amount of time an organism has been in a growth phase (e.g., exponential growth and/or stationary), and/or the like. The set of biological activity dynamics can include information on the variation of the biological activity over time, such as a growth rate, a rate with which an area including the biological activity is spreading, and/or the like. In an embodiment, the set of biological activity dynamics are related to various attributes of bacteria activity within an area, including, for example, the presence of detectable bacteria activity, measured bacteria population/concentration time dynamics, growth phase, and/or the like.
As described herein, aspects of the invention can be implemented to treat (e.g., preserve, disinfect, and/or the like) various types of food stored in various types of environments. A typical environment can comprise a refrigerated environment, in which food is frequently stored to extend the shelf life of the food. However, embodiments can be implemented in other non-refrigerated environments, in which food is stored for a period of time, e.g., to ripen, prior to being used, and/or the like. Furthermore, an embodiment can be implemented in conjunction with a freezer, in which the temperature is maintained well below the freezing point of water. To this extent, the types of food items to which aspects of the invention can be implemented can include various types of food as described herein. As described herein, the foods can include various types of fruits and vegetables. However, the foods also can include frozen consumables, such as ice cubes, ice cream, and/or the like. Furthermore, the foods can include liquids, grains, cereals, and/or the like. Additionally, as described herein, embodiments can be implemented to treat non-food items stored in any type of environment. Such non-food items can include, for example, frozen/liquid chemicals, sand, wood, and/or the like. Regardless, it is understood that a treated item can be ultraviolet transparent (e.g., semi-transparent), ultraviolet absorbing, and/or ultraviolet reflective.
In an embodiment, the computer system 20 can be configured to operate the UV radiation source 12 (e.g., during the storage life preservation operating configuration 50A) to generate ultraviolet radiation to, for example, maintain and/or increase natural phenols, including one or more types of flavonoids, in the food items 56 within the storage area 54. In this case, the computer system 20 can increase the nutritional qualities, including antioxidant benefits, and/or increase storage life of the food items 56.
As described herein, embodiments of an ultraviolet radiation system can be implemented as part of and/or in conjunction with any type of storage device. In an embodiment, the storage device can include a transparent region for removably or permanently attaching and/or sealing an ultraviolet radiation source. For example, in
The removable lid 954 can be attached and/or sealed to the container portion 950 of the storage device 952 by any means, such as a threading mechanism, a gasket, and/or the like. The transparent region 956 can be formed of any material that allows at least a portion of the ultraviolet radiation generated by the ultraviolet radiation source 958 to pass there through. In an embodiment, the transparent region 956 is formed of a polymer.
As illustrated in
Returning to
Turning to
The structure 1052 also can include a set of reflecting mirrors 1060, each of which is located directly beneath a transparent region 1056. The reflecting mirrors 1060 can comprise a highly diffusive ultraviolet radiation material, such as a highly ultraviolet reflective expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane (e.g., GORE® Diffuse Reflector Product (DRP)), and/or the like. In an embodiment, the reflecting mirrors 1060 can comprise a fluoropolymer, such as fluorinated ethylene-propylene (EFEP), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene vinylidene fluoride (THV), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), Teflon, and/or the like. In still another embodiment, the reflecting mirrors 1060 can be partially UV reflecting, partially UV transparent. For example, the reflecting mirrors 1060 can comprise an UV reflective film over an UV transparent film. In an embodiment, the reflecting mirrors 1060 can be configured to provide specular reflection and can comprise, for example, polished aluminum, and/or the like.
The reflecting mirrors 1060 can diffuse the ultraviolet radiation emitted by the ultraviolet radiation sources 1058A-1058C throughout an interior the structure 1052 prior to the ultraviolet radiation exiting out an exit surface 1062. The exit surface 1062 of the structure 1052 can include a diffusive film to further increase a uniformity of the ultraviolet radiation, which can be emitted out the exit surface 1062 into an interior of the storage device. In an embodiment, the exit surface 1062 is at least 40% transparent and at most, 30% absorbent to ultraviolet radiation of a relevant wavelength at a normal incidence. In an embodiment, the exit surface 1062 can also include an opening for ultraviolet radiation to exit the structure 1052.
Each of the ultraviolet radiation sources 1058A-C can be selected/engineered to produce an emission with a particular peak radiation wavelength. For example, a first ultraviolet radiation source 1058A can produce an emission with a peak wavelength within the UV-A spectrum, a second ultraviolet radiation source 1058B can produce an emission with a peak wavelength within the UV-B spectrum, and a third ultraviolet radiation source 1058C can produce an emission with a peak wavelength within the UV-C spectrum. In another embodiment, a single ultraviolet radiation source can be configured to concurrently emit multi-peak ultraviolet radiation. For example,
When multiple ultraviolet radiation sources 1058A-C are utilized, the plurality of ultraviolet radiation sources 1058A-C can be arranged in any formation. For example,
In an embodiment, a storage device described herein can include sensors for acquiring data indicating whether the storage device is in a configuration in which it is safe to turn on the ultraviolet radiation source. For example, in
Additionally, it is understood that an ultraviolet radiation source 1158 can be implemented in multiple physical structures, each of which includes one or more ultraviolet radiation devices, and can be independently and/or collectively controlled by the monitoring and/or control system 1190. For example, as illustrated in
As mentioned above in
The ultraviolet radiation sources 1358 can be permanently or removably mounted within the drawer 1352 using any solution. For example, turning now to
Turning now to
Turning now to
Turning now to
Turning now to
The enclosure 1670 can be diffusively partially transparent to ultraviolet radiation, similar to the enclosures shown in
Turning now to
Turning now to
While shown and described herein as a method and system for managing a storage area, it is understood that aspects of the invention further provide various alternative embodiments. For example, in one embodiment, the invention provides a computer program fixed in at least one computer-readable medium, which when executed, enables a computer system to manage the storage area using a process described herein. To this extent, the computer-readable medium includes program code, such as the analysis program 30 (
In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of providing a copy of program code, such as the analysis program 30 (
In still another embodiment, the invention provides a method of generating a system for managing the storage area. In this case, the generating can include configuring a computer system, such as the computer system 20 (
The foregoing description of various aspects of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously, many modifications and variations are possible. Such modifications and variations that may be apparent to an individual in the art are included within the scope of the invention as defined by the accompanying claims.
The current application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/943,915, which was filed on 24 Feb. 2014, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/042,737, which was filed on 27 Aug. 2014, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference. The current application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/012,682, which was filed on 28 Aug. 2013 and which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/694,229, which was filed on 28 Aug. 2012, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/694,232, which was filed on 28 Aug. 2012, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Additional aspects of the invention are related to the invention disclosed in the application Ser. No. 14/478,266, titled “Ultraviolet Diffusive Illumination,” which was filed on 5 Sep. 2014, and which is hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2482507 | Rentschler et al. | Sep 1949 | A |
| 3817703 | Atwood | Jun 1974 | A |
| 4736416 | Weinert | Apr 1988 | A |
| 4857277 | Broomfield | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4867052 | Cipelletti | Sep 1989 | A |
| 5078971 | Matuda et al. | Jan 1992 | A |
| 5117642 | Nakanishi et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5136170 | Gellert | Aug 1992 | A |
| 5230220 | Kang et al. | Jul 1993 | A |
| 5364645 | Lagunas-Solar et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5454944 | Clack | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5768898 | Seok et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5836669 | Hed | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5865959 | Meinzer et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5889684 | Ben-David et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5901564 | Comeau, II et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5919422 | Yamanaka et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 6165526 | Newman | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6182453 | Forsberg | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6312608 | Buckner | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6447721 | Horton, III et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6471136 | Chatterjee et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6477853 | Khorram | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6524529 | Horton, III | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6565803 | Bolton et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6574984 | McCrea et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6576188 | Rose et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6579495 | Maiden | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6592816 | Ebel et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6673137 | Wen | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6735479 | Fabian et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6818177 | Turcotte | Nov 2004 | B1 |
| 6878761 | Gugumus | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 7026018 | Kranovich | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7160370 | Baca et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7296422 | Strohm et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7323065 | Fend et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7401469 | Joshi et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7452561 | Newman | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7634996 | Gaska et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7645381 | Oranski et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7654102 | Hurlebaus et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7754156 | Hyde et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7824480 | Hurlebaus et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7897104 | Kwon | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 8062589 | Naarup | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8114342 | Jung et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8178042 | Jung et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8277734 | Koudymov et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8384047 | Shur et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8828315 | Ryska et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 9006680 | Betties et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9042967 | Dacosta et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9061082 | Gaska et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9138499 | Betties et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9179703 | Shur et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
| 20020063954 | Horton, III | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020074559 | Dowling et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020122743 | Huang | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020176809 | Siess | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20030019222 | Takahashi et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030019505 | Scheir et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030164754 | Roseen | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030194692 | Purdum | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20040018125 | Yang et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040210099 | Shiratori | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20050165499 | Stein | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050178977 | Koenck et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050186124 | Fink et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050217282 | Strohm et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050257827 | Gaudiana et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050274965 | Phillips et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060091310 | Furry | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060130498 | Joshi et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060147339 | Hunter | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060163169 | Eckhardt et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060216193 | Johnson et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060237687 | Yue et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20070051901 | Hopaluk et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070104841 | Min et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070164232 | Rolleri et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070172560 | Mirtsching et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070172661 | Fechner et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070196235 | Shur et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070205382 | Gaska et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070248487 | Kay et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070295203 | Shekarriz et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080061005 | Hopaluk et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080213129 | van der Pol et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080286146 | Schroll et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080295033 | Lee et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080307818 | Min et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090110933 | Hyde et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090185960 | Busujima | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090228155 | Slifkin et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090229287 | Prentner | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090280035 | Koudymov et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20100065632 | Babcock et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100097013 | Inskeep | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100101432 | Biotti et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100227031 | Vasilenko | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100296971 | Gaska et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100307973 | Grcevic | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110030560 | Bohlen | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110044848 | Wright | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110147617 | Shur et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110163046 | Neal et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110228534 | Zhang | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110297241 | Biotti et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110306262 | Arpin | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120011874 | Conradt et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120017628 | Okabe et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120025104 | Park et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120051030 | Johnson | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120085116 | Maeng et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120104021 | Cur et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120126134 | Deal et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20130048545 | Shatalov et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130337121 | Sugano et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20140042012 | Clement et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140060094 | Shur et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140060095 | Shur et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140060096 | Shur et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140060104 | Shur et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140102127 | Yum et al. | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140202962 | Bilenko et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140209928 | Teng et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20150008167 | Shturm et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150069270 | Shur et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150161909 | Won et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20160058020 | Shur et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1269246 | Oct 2000 | CN |
| 2488020 | Apr 2002 | CN |
| 101171938 | May 2008 | CN |
| 101322000 | Dec 2008 | CN |
| 102564003 | Jul 2012 | CN |
| 1038536 | Jun 2005 | EP |
| 2002204653 | Jul 2002 | JP |
| 1020090074966 | Jul 2009 | KR |
| 1020110057773 | Jun 2011 | KR |
| 1020120011458 | Feb 2012 | KR |
| 2013096243 | Jun 2013 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Stoffa, Wyatt A., U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,644, Notice of Allowance, Jul. 9, 2015, 32 pages. |
| Martin, Elizabeth J., U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,667, Non-Final Office Action, Dec. 3, 2015, 73 pages. |
| Cox, A., U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,637, Office Action 1, Feb. 19, 2016, 49 pages. |
| Martin, E., U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,667, Final Office Action 1, Apr. 1, 2016, 15 pages. |
| Stoffa, W., U.S. Appl. No. 14/937,090, Non-Final Rejection, Jun. 1, 2016, 15 pages. |
| Mendoza-Wilkenfe, E., U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,652, Non-Final Rejection, Jun. 1, 2016, 74 pages. |
| Martin, E., U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,667, Final Rejection 1, Apr. 1, 2016, 15 pages. |
| Martin, E., U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,667, Non-Final Rejection2, Jun. 28, 2016, 20 pages. |
| Cox, A., U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,637, Final Rejection1, Aug. 25, 2016, 27 pages. |
| Cheng, X., Application No. 201380053723.1, Office Action1—English translation, Jun. 6, 2016, 6 pages. |
| Li, X., Application No. 201380053801.8, Office Action1—English translation, Jul. 22, 2016, 7 pages. |
| Mendoza-Wilkenfe, E., U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,652, Final Rejection, Nov. 17, 2016, 22 pages. |
| Martin, E., U.S. Appl. No. 14/541,245, Final Rejection 1, Nov. 28, 2016, 23 pages. |
| Martin, E., U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,667, Final Rejection2, Nov. 30, 2016, 25 pages. |
| Stoffa, W., U.S. Appl. No. 14/937,090, Final Rejection, Oct. 27, 2016, 45 pages. |
| Cox, A., U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,637, Final Rejection, Feb. 2, 2017, 33 pages. |
| Stoffa, W., U.S. Appl. No. 14/937,090, Notice of Allowance, Mar. 2, 2017, 18 pages. |
| Mendoza-Wilkenfe, E., U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,652, Notice of Allowance, Mar. 10, 2017, 37 pages. |
| Martin, E., U.S. Appl. No. 14/541,245, Notice of Allowance, Apr. 3, 2017, 18 pages. |
| Stoffa, W., U.S. Appl. No. 15/388,506, Non-Final Rejection, Apr. 12, 2017, 51 pages. |
| Cheng, X., Application No. 201380053723.1, Notice of Allowance, Mar. 3, 2017, 2 pages (No English translation available). |
| Zhou, Z., Application No. 201380053729.9, Office Action1 (with English translation), Mar. 14, 2017, 21 pages. |
| (Google translation of title: “Fruit and vegetable preservation technology and equipment”), Received Mar. 14, 2017, 2 pages. |
| Li, X., Application No. 20130053801.8, Office Action2—with English translation, Apr. 21, 2017, 16 pages. |
| Stoffa, Wyatt, Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,644, dated Apr. 1, 2015, 15 pages. |
| Chang, et al., “Removal of Ethylene and Secondary Organic Aerosols Using UV-C 254≣nm with TiO2 Catalyst”, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2013, 13:618-626. |
| Cheba, et al., “Inactivation of E. Coli Cell Viability and DNA Photo-breakage by Pulsed Nitrogen Laser Radiation”, CP748 Modern Trends in Physics Research, 2005, 264-267, American Institute of Physics. |
| Kim, International Search Report for PCT/US2013/057077, Nov. 8, 2013, 10 pages. |
| Yang, International Search Report for PCT/US2013/056997, Nov. 28, 2013, 12 pages. |
| Yang, International Search Report for PCT/US2013/056986, Nov. 29, 2013, 12 pages. |
| Yang, International Search Report for PCT/US2013/056983, Dec. 19, 2013, 12 pages. |
| Sharma et al., “Inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 on Inoculated alfalfa seeds with pulsed ultraviolet light and response surface modeling”, J. Food Science, 2003, 68:1448-1453. |
| Hillegas et al., “Inactivation of Clostridium sporogenes in clover honey by pulsed UV-light treatment”, CIGR J. AE Sci. Res. Dev., 2003, Manuscript FP 03-009. vol. V. 7, Abstract only. |
| Jun et al., “Pulsed UVlight treatment of corn meal for inactivation of Aspergillus niger spores”, Int. J. Food Sci. Technology., 2003, 38:883-888. |
| Chisari et al., “Improving the quality of fresh-cut melon through inactivation of degradative oxidase and pectinase enzymatic activities by UV-C treatment”, in Food Science & Technology, 46, 463-468. |
| Ozer et al., “Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on raw salmon fillets by pulsed-UV light treatment”, International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2006, 41 (4): 354-360. |
| Kennedy et al., “An Investigation of the thermal inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and the potential for increased thermotolerance as a result of chilled storage”, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2005, 99, 1229-1235. |
| Krishnamurthy et al., “Inactivation of taphylococcus aureus in milk using flow-through pulsed UV-light treatment system”, Journal of Food Science, 2007, 72 (7) M233-M239. |
| Bialka et al., “Decontamination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enterica on blueberries using ozone and pulsed UV-Light”, Journal of Food Science, 2007, 72 (9): M391-M396. |
| Bialka et al., “Modeling the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enterica on raspberries and strawberries resulting from exposure to ozone or pulsed UV-light”, Journal of Food Engineering, 2008, 85 (3): 444-449. |
| Bialka et al., “Pulsed UV-light penetration of characterization and the inactivation of Escherichia coli K12 in solid model systems”, Transactions of the ASABE, 2008, 51(1): 195-204. Abstract only. |
| Bialka et al., “Efficacy of Pulsed UV-Light for the Decontamination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. on Raspberries and Strawberries”, Journal of Food Science, 2008, 73(5):M201-M207. |
| Krishnamurthy et al., “Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in milk and milk foam by pulsed UV-light treatment and surface response modeling”, Transactions of the ASABE, 2008, 51(6): 2083-2090. Abstract only. |
| Demirci et al., “Pulsed ultraviolet light”, Food Science and Technology International, 14:443-446. |
| Krishnamurthy et al., “Microscopic and spectroscopic evaluation of inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by pulsed UV light and infrared heating”, Food Bioprocess Technol. In-Print, 2008, DOI 10.1007/s11947-008-0084-8, pp. 93-104. |
| Krishnamurthy et al., Food Processing Operations and Modeling, 2nd edition, 2008, CRC Press, Ch. 11, pp. 281-302. |
| Zhang et al., Nonthermal Processing Technologies for Food, Chapters 18 and 19, 2011, pp. 249-270. |
| Demirci et al., “Disinfection of water by flow-through Pulsed ultraviolet light sterilization system”, Ultrapure Water Journal, 2007, Abstract. |
| Krishnamurthy et al., “Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by pulsed UV-light treatment”, J. Food Prot., 2004, Abstract. |
| Mayekar, Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,682, Sep. 24, 2014, 20 pages. |
| Stoffa, Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,644, Mar. 10, 2014, 30 pages. |
| Stoffa, Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,644, Jul. 3, 2014, 18 pages. |
| Stoffa, Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,644, Oct. 21, 2014, 19 pages. |
| Mayekar, Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,682, Jan. 22, 2015, 16 pages. |
| Martin, E., U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,667, Notice of Allowance, Jun. 16, 2017, 25 pages. |
| Cox, A., U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,637, Non-Final Rejection, Jun. 29, 2017, 35 pages. |
| Stoffa, W., U.S. Appl. No. 15/388,506, Notice of Allowance, Sep. 6, 2017, 35 pages. |
| Zhou, Z., Application No. 201380056459.7, Office Action1 (with English translation), Jun. 14, 2017, 13 pages. |
| Li, X., Application No. 201380053801.8, Rejection Decision—with English translation, dated Nov. 6, 2017, 14 pages. |
| Cox, A., U.S. Appl. No. 14/012,637, Notice of Allowance, dated Jan. 19, 2018, 43 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20150165079 A1 | Jun 2015 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61943915 | Feb 2014 | US | |
| 62042737 | Aug 2014 | US | |
| 61694229 | Aug 2012 | US | |
| 61694232 | Aug 2012 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14012682 | Aug 2013 | US |
| Child | 14629508 | US |
