Patent Grant
8214839
This invention pertains generally to application streaming technology and network file systems, and more specifically to streaming distribution of file data based on predicted need.
There are many scenarios in which a delay occurs before a user can begin a desired task on a computer, because file resources required for the task are not immediately available to the device. One example is when a user logs onto a networked computer for the first time, and specific applications, user data, and settings need to be downloaded from a central server for the user. Another example is where a single person uses multiple computers (e.g., a desktop and a laptop). When the user operates one of the computers (e.g., the desktop), the user's activity has effects such as changing data, creating and deleting files and modifying configuration settings. When the user next operates the other computer (e.g., the laptop), these modified file resources need to be copied to the other computer.
Application streaming provides the ability for an endpoint (e.g., a client computer) to run an application locally that is stored remotely, for example on a server. The server can transmit specific portions of the application as well as associated file resources to the endpoint, as the endpoint needs them. Commercial application streaming technology exists today.
A network file system is a computer file system that supports sharing of resources such as files, printers and/or persistent storage over a computer network. Network file systems such as Andrew File System (AFS), NetWare Core Protocol (NCP), and Server Message Block (SMB, also known as Common Internet File System (CIFS)) exist today. Network file systems can share files, including executable files, between servers and endpoints.
In a co-pending, commonly assigned patent application, the use of a local index of a set of file resources is disclosed, such that application streaming technology or network file systems can simulate local storage of the entire set of file resources. This is true even though some or all of the file resources are actually stored remotely. The streaming technology or the like can be used to transfer remotely stored file resources as needed, by using the index.
Returning to the scenario discussed above in which a single users runs both a desktop and a laptop, imagine that these computers are both used for the same work related tasks, and both use roaming profiles. A roaming profile, such as those provided by Central identity management software (e.g., Microsoft's Active Directory®) allows individual users to login to any computer in an enterprise network, and automatically have their personal settings copied to that computer. Thus, the user can experience the same computing environment on both computers. However, under such a scenario, a synchronization operation will need to occur every time the user logs into one of the computers, to copy the updated file resources to that computer. This synchronization can be time consuming, causing the delay discussed above. The use of the application streaming technology index solution can shorten the delay, but a delay still occurs.
It would be desirable to be able to provide relevant file resources to computing devices without experiencing these problems.
File resources that are most likely to be used on a target computer are proactively cached, so that the resources are available before they are needed. This greatly reduces or eliminates associated user wait times. It is determined which file resources are most likely to be used, the cost of transmitting them to the cache, the cost of storing them in the cache and the amount of cache space available. Based on a weighted balancing analysis of factors such as these, specific file resources are proactively streamed for use on the target computer. The determination as to which resources are most likely to be used can be based on a variety of factors, such as usage patterns, schedule based information, user and group based information, target computer and network information, etc.
The features and advantages described in this summary and in the following detailed description are not all-inclusive, and particularly, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art in view of the drawings, specification, and claims hereof. Moreover, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter, resort to the claims being necessary to determine such inventive subject matter.
The Figures depict embodiments of the present invention for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following discussion that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the invention described herein.
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Based on the above-described analysis, the resource usage component 103 can determine a file resource set most likely to be utilized on the target computer 105. This set of files 101 can comprise not only data associated with specific users, but also shared data, such as Application Virtualization Layers. As described in more detail below, shared data can be weighed differently than data associated with an individual user.
The resource usage component 103 pre-streams file resources 105 that are most likely to be used to a cache 109 on the target computer 105. It is to be understood that as used herein, the term “file resources” 105 is not limited to entire files, but can also comprise specific portions of files, which modern streaming systems are capable of transmitting. In some embodiments, the resource usage component 103 can also/instead move and/or copy some or all of these file resources 101 to a more desirable network location 111 other than the target computer 105 (because, e.g., the location 111 is faster or cheaper). By pre-streaming the files 101 most likely to be used to the cache 109, the delay experienced by the user can be greatly shortened or eliminated altogether.
In order to determine which file resources 101 from the set to pre-stream, the resource usage component 103 evaluates how likely each resource 101 is to be utilized, its size, and the available cache size. Thus, the determination is made based not only on how likely the resource 101 is to be used, but also the cost of caching it. The amount of available bandwidth and the cost of transmitting the resource 101 can also be taken into account. In some embodiments, in order to not have a negative impact on current users, the resource usage component 103 uses only a portion of available bandwidth, or only idle transport cycles, to stream the predictive file resource data 101.
As noted above, file resources 101 can also be treated at a group level. For example, suppose a given computer 105 is shared by two users, both of whom use Microsoft Office®, one of whom uses Adobe Creator®, and the other of whom uses Autocad®. The resource usage component 103 could determine, for example, that Microsoft Office® related resources 101 have priority for storage in the cache 109, because Microsoft Office® is utilized by both users. Suppose that after storing the Microsoft Office® related resources 101, there is not sufficient cache 109 space for all of the Creator and Autocad related resources 101. The resource usage component 103 could determine which Creator and/or Autocad resources 101 to cache based on, e.g., usage history, likelihood the associated user will be the next one to use the computer 105, size, etc. Individual users can also be given greater or lesser cache 109 priorities and associated amounts of cache 109 space, as desired.
It is to be understood that a balancing analysis is performed to determine which specific file resources 101 to stream. Which specific factors to include in the balancing analysis and how to weight the different factors is a variable design parameter. The implementation mechanics of performing the above-described balancing and weighing are known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art, and the use thereof within the context of the present invention will be readily apparent to those of such a skill level in light of this specification. Based on the results of the (weighted) balancing, the resource usage component 103 can deliver some, all or none of the file resources 101 in the set, depending upon, e.g., how much cache 109 space is available, and the cost of the streaming operation.
In some embodiments, the resource usage component 103 updates its determinations of which file resources 101 are to be streamed to the cache 109, on a regular basis in real time, e.g., X times per Y period of time. In other words, the resource usage component 103 can re-determine which resources 101 are most likely to be used, etc., and proactively push resources 101 to users as various resources become more and less likely to be used over time. As the resource usage component 103 can make such determinations based on the actions of many users in the field, it can be very dynamic in nature, as it changes in synchronization with the latest usage trends.
As will be understood by those familiar with the art, the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Likewise, the particular naming and division of the portions, modules, agents, managers, components, functions, procedures, actions, layers, features, attributes, methodologies and other aspects are not mandatory or significant, and the mechanisms that implement the invention or its features may have different names, divisions and/or formats. Furthermore, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art, the portions, modules, agents, managers, components, functions, procedures, actions, layers, features, attributes, methodologies and other aspects of the invention can be implemented as software, hardware, firmware or any combination of the three. Of course, wherever a component of the present invention is implemented as software, the component can be implemented as a script, as a standalone program, as part of a larger program, as a plurality of separate scripts and/or programs, as a statically or dynamically linked library, as a kernel loadable module, as a device driver, and/or in every and any other way known now or in the future to those of skill in the art of computer programming. Additionally, the present invention is in no way limited to implementation in any specific programming language, or for any specific operating system or environment. Furthermore, it will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art that where the present invention is implemented in whole or in part in software, the software components thereof can be stored on computer readable media as computer program products. Any form of computer readable medium can be used in this context, such as magnetic or optical storage media. Additionally, software portions of the present invention can be instantiated (for example as object code or executable images) within the memory of any programmable computing device. Accordingly, the disclosure of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
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