FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Background of the Invention
A hollow ball with holes made from plastic is used for game play of several sports. For example, one such sport is Pickleball. The ball used to play the sport of Pickleball is referred to as a pickleball. Per the USA PICKLEBALL Official Rulebook, Section 2.D. Ball Specifications; “Pickleballs have between 26 and 40 circular holes with spacing of the holes and overall design of the ball conforming to flight characteristics.”
Pickleballs are typically manufactured by injection or rotational molding using various types of plastic. Per the USA PICKLEBALL Official Rulebook, Section 2.D.3. Construction; “The ball shall be made of a durable material molded with a smooth surface and free of texturing.”
The ball is kept in play using a paddle to hit it over a net between opponents, thus the ball is subject to repeated impacts from both paddle strikes and the court surface while bouncing. The accumulation of impact stress fatigues the ball's plastic shell and, eventually unable to absorb additional energy, the overload causes the ball to crack. Once a ball cracks, the integrity of its action is compromised, and the ball is removed from play and permanently discarded.
Compounding the problem, plastic's response to impact stress is largely dependent upon two conditions, which are ambient temperature and age of the plastic itself. All plastic material has a ductile to brittle transition temperature, hereto referred to as DBTT. The DBTT is the point where plastic becomes brittle and shatters upon high-speed impact. At lower temperatures, some plastics that would be ductile at room temperature instead become brittle. This means when used for outdoor play, as the air temperature drops, the frequency of stress fractures and cracks in the pickleball's plastic shell significantly increase. Additionally, as plastic parts age their DBTT increases making them increasingly vulnerable to environmental stress factors when cracks can occur even at moderate temperatures.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In an aspect described herein, disclosed is an interior structural support system integrated with the underside surface of a hollow ball's shell. The structural support system, generally in the form of a spherical lattice, may comprise a framework composed of struts, which may be connected, often in a geodesic topology, to adjacent hubs, which can encompass holes, herein also referred to as apertures, in the shell, all of which serve to reinforce the structural integrity of the ball and increase the ball's durability.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 illustrates example pickleball game balls with varying amounts of holes and hole sizes. FIG. 1-A would generally be considered a ball for outdoor play and FIG. 1-B would generally be considered a ball for indoor play.
FIG. 2 displays a uniform geometric pattern of hexagons in a spherical lattice.
FIG. 3 is a view of hexagonal hubs surrounding each aperture in an asymmetric incongruous layout.
FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 3, except that each hexagonal hub abuts an adjacent hexagonal hub or hubs.
FIG. 5 displays a spherical lattice formed of adjoining pentagonal and hexagonal shapes.
FIG. 6 presents pentagonal and hexagonal forms joined together in a spherical lattice, centered around each aperture, with two hemispheres combined in FIG. 6-A, and a single hemisphere in FIG. 6-B.
FIG. 7 is similar to FIG. 6, but shows an increase of wall thickness on each pentagonal hub.
FIG. 8-A illustrates the top hemisphere of a ball's exterior shell with a view of inlaid support framework imposed underneath, while FIG. 8-B is an interior view of the hub and strut support model integrated on the underside of the ball's shell where a lattice of pentagonal and hexagonal hubs frame the apertures.
FIG. 9-A is an example embodiment of a hollow game ball with both hemispheres combined along an equatorial line and its apertures displayed in relation to an underlying support framework, while FIG. 9-B shows a single hemisphere of FIG. 9-A when viewed from the shell's underside.
FIG. 10 displays two interior wall variations for pentagonal hubs outlining an aperture perimeter, where
FIG. 10-A is comprised of curved walls and FIG. 10-B is comprised of straight walls.
FIG. 11 shows a structural lattice support framework of struts connecting pentagonal hubs that are infilled to the edge precipice of alternating apertures in the ball's shell.
FIG. 12 shows an example game ball outfitted with a reinforcing lattice support framework on the interior of a hollow shell that is spherical in shape and comprises a first hemisphere, SECTION A, and a second hemisphere, SECTION B, that interface along an equatorial line.
FIG. 13-A illustrates an interior lattice support framework comprised of pentagonal hubs framing each aperture in contrast to FIG. 13-B where circular hubs frames each aperture.
FIG. 14-A and FIG. 14-B are example embodiments of a typical pickleball with shell apertures that possess a 90-degree angle.
FIG. 15-A and 15-B are example embodiments of apertures where a concave edge and a radius curve slope inward toward the center of the ball.
FIG. 16-A is similar to FIG. 15-B but shown from another perspective while FIG. 16-B illustrates a close-up perspective of the aperture edge profile comprising a contoured arc that funnels inward.
FIG. 17-A embodies the top hemisphere of a game ball with integrated lattice support framework and a modification applied to the aperture profile, while FIG. 17-B embodies the bottom hemisphere of said ball in FIG. 17-A.
FIG. 18-A, FIG. 18-B, and FIG. 18-C are exemplary embodiments of the present invention that depict a pickleball game ball in its entirety, as would be visible to the naked eye.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS
The following is a detailed description of exemplary embodiments to illustrate the principles of the invention. The embodiments are provided to illustrate aspects of the invention, but the invention is not limited to any embodiment and the scope of the invention encompasses numerous alternatives and modifications. Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, the invention may be practiced according to claims without some or all of these specific details. For the purpose of clarity, technical material that is known in the technical fields related to the invention has not been described in detail so that the invention is not unnecessarily obscured. It is readily apparent that the features described above have the advantage of wide commercial utility. It should be understood that the specific features described are intended to be representative only, as certain modifications within the scope of these teachings will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, the dimensions could be varied. Accordingly, reference should be made to the claims in determining the full scope of the invention. Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to.” Words using the singular or plural number also include the plural or singular number respectively. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below” and words of similar import, when used in this application, shall refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. When the claims use the word “or” in reference to a list of two or more items, that word covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list and any combination of the items in the list. When the word “each” is used to refer to an element that was previously introduced as being at least one in number, the word “each” does not necessarily imply a plurality of the elements, but can also mean a singular element.
FIG. 1 shows two examples of pickleballs used for game play. Pickleballs used for game play conducted outdoors typically have a greater amount of holes that are smaller in size, as shown in FIG. 1-A, whereas game play conducted indoors typically use a pickleball with fewer holes that are larger in size, as shown in FIG. 1-B. Said holes, herein also referred to as apertures, determines the amount of airflow entering the ball, which affect corollary properties such as wind resistance, flight distance, and overall playability of a game ball. Holes should be shaped, dimensioned, and configured in a layout that allows sufficient airflow through the ball. Increased distance between adjacent holes can help reduce breakage.
The first aspect of the general invention, as shown in FIG. 2, embodies a geometric pattern of symmetrical hexagons which form a sphere. With the understanding all shapes are composed of independent lines connected in such a way they create a form; said independent lines will herein be referred to as struts. Similar to a typical line, struts may exist in a linear, geometric, or freeform manner. Struts may intersect, connect, or terminate other struts. Struts may exist as independent segments and struts may have dimensionality. The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 suggests increasing a ball's shell strength through a structural lattice support framework, comprised of struts forming a uniform spherical hexagonal mesh, integrated on the interior surface of a hollow ball's shell.
Another embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 3 applies raised struts to the underside of the ball's shell which are connected in such a way they form hexagons. When struts connect to form the boundary of a shape that demands attention, said shape will herein be referred to as a hub. That is to say, the embodiment in FIG. 3 comprises hexagonal hubs which form a perimeter around each aperture. Though the hexagonal hubs are geometrically identical, they otherwise occupy an incongruous layout. Since the aperture, a perforation within the surface of the ball's shell, is its weakest point, this embodiment increases shell strength by fortifying the surface area around each aperture.
A different embodiment of the invention, displayed in FIG. 4, applies raised struts in a manner that forms a grid of connected hexagonal hubs. Each hub is situated around an aperture and shares a portion of an adjoining wall with adjacent hubs. In this embodiment, each hexagonal hub has a border wall that is set back further from the aperture precipice than the embodiment shown previously in FIG. 3.
It is to be understood that any combination of struts and/or hubs integrated with the spherical shell of a ball is herein referred to as a lattice support framework. A lattice support framework comprised of struts and/or hubs, may be polygonal, circular, or any freeform shape that is preferred. All dimensional properties of said framework are variable in terms of layout, design, density, and geometry to best accommodate the desired application. Apertures may be encompassed by hubs and/or struts. The quantity, location, size, and placement configuration of apertures within the ball's shell may require the implementation of a lattice support framework that is neither contiguous nor congruent in form.
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a reinforcement method using a spherical lattice support framework comprised in a geodesic layout. Each raised strut spans from an intersectional nodal point to create an interconnected grid of pentagonal and hexagonal hubs that is greater in density and more dimensionally complex than previous embodiments. This embodiment discerns the difference between pentagonal structural hubs that encapsulate apertures and hexagonal hubs devoid of an aperture in its perimeter.
Another embodiment of the invention in FIG. 6 comprises a layout of lattice support framework where struts span outward from the corner of each hub and form adjacent hub walls, which interconnect one to another. The polygonal lattice support framework is less dense, where pentagonal and hexagonal hubs allow a generous perimeter around each intended aperture location in the ball's exterior shell. FIG. 6-A illustrates two hemispheres combined whereas FIG. 6-B displays a single hemisphere,
The embodiment of the invention in FIG. 7 illustrates the application of increased wall thickness in pentagonal hubs and a decrease in the strut thickness forming hexagonal hubs.
In the embodiment of FIG. 8-A, a view of the exterior ball's top hemisphere which comprises a hub and strut lattice support framework imposed underneath. FIG. 8-B displays an interior view of the ball's bottom hemisphere, where a raised lattice support framework is integrated on the underside surface of the shell with alternating pentagonal and hexagonal hubs surrounding the apertures.
FIG. 9-A embodies an example game ball with hemisphere A and hemisphere B combined along an equatorial line, and its apertures in relation to the underlying lattice support framework. FIG. 10-B displays a reverse view of the hemisphere's lattice support framework with a pentagonal hub oriented at the top of the game ball's spherical shell.
FIG. 10 comprises exemplary embodiments of the present invention in relation to potential geometric variations in the composition of hub walls. FIG. 10-A illustrates pentagonal hubs where a circular wall is utilized for the aperture perimeter while FIG. 10-B illustrates pentagonal hubs utilizing an angular wall for the aperture perimeter.
In FIG. 11, another embodiment of the present invention illustrates a lattice support framework comprised of raised struts connecting equally spaced solid frame pentagonal hubs encompassing each aperture. By infilling the encapsulated area up to the edge precipice of the aperture, this embodiment draws upon a fundamental engineering concept of increasing material thickness increases material strength.
The exemplary embodiment of the present invention in FIG. 12 shows a game ball that comprises a hollow shell that is spherical in shape and comprises a first hemisphere, SECTION A, and a second hemisphere, SECTION B, which interface along an equatorial line. Similar to FIG. 11, the structural lattice support framework comprises a network of interconnected struts and hubs, where only infilled geometric hubs are outfitted with apertures.
FIG. 13 illustrates exemplary embodiments of lattice support framework which can be comprised of any combination of integrated shapes or patterns, whether geometric or freeform, provided they are contained solely to the interior of the ball as to not protrude past the exterior shell or interrupt the smooth surface of the ball. FIG. 13-A comprises an interior lattice support framework with an array of polygonal shaped hubs that encompass each aperture, whereas FIG. 13-B comprises an interior lattice support framework of circular shaped hubs that encompass each aperture.
The embodiments in FIG. 14-A and FIG. 14-B are typical pickleball game balls comprised of apertures possessing an edge profile that forms a 90-degree right-angle where said apertures perforate the ball's shell. The rigidity of a sharp 90-degree angle lends itself to a greater concentration of energy absorption over a smaller area, thus greater shell deformation occurs when the ball impacts exterior objects. This, in turn, accelerates degradation of shell strength and reduces the ball's ability to withstand subsequent stress applied.
The embodiments in FIG. 15-A and FIG. 15-B comprise a modified exterior aperture edge, by altering said edge profile from a typical 90-degree angle to an edge profile comprised of a contoured arc that funnels inward. Eliminating the typical hard right-angle edge and replacing it with a radius concave edge, preferably with a gradient curvature greater than 91-degrees, results in better deflection and dispersion of concentrated impact stress, thereby reducing a significant contributing factor to ball breakage.
In example embodiments of FIG. 16-A and FIG. 16-B, the full circumference of each aperture comprises a concave radius edge with an arcing sidewall that slopes inward toward the center of the ball.
The exemplary embodiment in FIG. 17-A comprises a single hemisphere of a game ball, as observed from below, with fully integrated lattice support framework and radius concave holes. In FIG. 17-B, the same embodiment as FIG. 17-A is viewed from above with an overlay of its lattice support framework and radius concave holes. The thickness of the ball's exterior shell and the thickness of the interior structural lattice support framework are independent and thereby not linked to a predefined ratio. Their variable thicknesses are only mutually exclusive in that their values are measured in totality to calculate the total weight of the ball.
For dimensional illustration, FIG. 18-A, FIG. 18-B, and FIG. 18-C illustrate pickleball game balls according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, the hollow shell is the same size as a regulation game ball used in accordance with an officially sanctioned pickleball game. Alternatively, the hollow shell is formable with any dimension and can be made of a suitable material such as plastic or a polymer such as, for example, resin and polyethylene. The hollow shell may be manufactured as one sphere or two semi-spheres that are joined together at their equatorial line. Preferably, the ball is made of a plastic material that is recyclable to further reduce the impact on our environment.
The disclosed embodiments are illustrative, not restrictive. While specific configurations of the design have been described, it is understood that the present invention can be applied to a wide variety of balls as there are many alternative ways of implementing said invention.
Patent Application
20250222309
