The present invention relates to semiconductor structures including resistors that are compatible with finFET structures and methods of manufacturing the same.
The push for ever increasing device densities is particularly strong in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies such as in the design and fabrication of field effect transistors (FETs). FETs are the basic electrical devices of today's integrated circuits and are used in almost all types of integrated circuit design (e.g., microprocessors, memory, etc.). FETs may be formed on conventional substrates.
The advent of finFETs, i.e., field effect transistors formed on semiconductor fins having a height greater than the width, has altered the processing steps of conventional planar field effect transistors significantly. For example, semiconductor fins are formed by patterning a top semiconductor layer of a semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. Thus, the conventional planar capacitor that employs an upper portion of a semiconductor substrate as a lower plate cannot be formed on a substrate including finFETs.
Resistors are devices that have electrical resistance associated with the device. Resistors are typically employed in an electrical device for protection, operation and/or current control. Hence, resistors play an important part in current analog and digital circuit designs. Using a fin-based technology would require a redesign of current CMOS resistor schemes for buried resistors (BRs), overpass resistors (Ops) and silicide resistors.
The present invention relates to semiconductor structures including resistors that are compatible with finFET structures and methods of manufacturing the same. One aspect of the present invention is to provide a technique of fabricating a parallel resistor circuit on a standard finFET process. For example, in a first aspect, the structure of the parallel resistor semiconductor comprises first and at least second fin structures. Each of the first and at least second fin structures has a vertically oriented semiconductor body. The vertically oriented semiconductor body comprises vertical surfaces. The structure further comprises a doped region in each of the first and at least second fin structures. A concentration of dopant ions is present in the semiconductor body to form a first resistor and at least a second resistor. The structure further comprises a pair of merged fins formed on outer portions of the doped regions of the first and at least second fin structures. The pair of merged fins is electrically connected so that the first and at least second resistors are electrically connected in parallel with each other.
In a second aspect of the invention, a method of forming a structure comprises forming first and at least second fin structures. Each of the first and at least second fin structures has a vertically oriented semiconductor body. The vertically oriented semiconductor body comprises vertical surfaces. The method further comprises forming a doped region in each of the first and at least second fin structures A concentration of dopant ions is present in the semiconductor body to form a first resistor and at least a second resistor. The method further comprises forming a pair of merged fins on outer portions of the doped regions of the first and at least second fin structures. The pair of merged fins is electrically connected so that the first and at least second resistors are electrically connected in parallel with each other.
In a third aspect of the invention, an integrated circuit including at least one parallel resistor circuit comprises first and at least second fin structures. Each of the first and at least second fin structures has a vertically oriented semiconductor body. The vertically oriented semiconductor body comprises vertical surfaces. The circuit further comprises a doped region in each of the first and at least second fin structures. A concentration of dopant ions is present in the semiconductor body to form a first resistor and at least a second resistor. The circuit further comprises a pair of merged fins formed on outer portions of the doped regions of the first and at least second fin structures. The pair of merged fins is electrically connected so that the first and at least second resistors are electrically connected in parallel with each other.
Advantageously, the above-described techniques provide for fin structures that do not require a redesign of current CMOS resistor schemes.
These and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention relates to a semiconductor structure including at least two resistors in parallel with each other. The semiconductor structure is compatible with finFET structures, and methods of manufacturing the same, which are described in detail in the accompanying figures. The finFETs may be dual gate finFETs or trigate finFETs. The term “fin” is used herein to denote a semiconductor material, which is employed as the body of the FET.
A pair of merged fins 140a, 140b is formed on outer portions 145a-145d of the first and at least second fin structures 105, 110. The pair of merged fins 140a, 140b is electrically connected to the first and at least second fin structures 105, 110 in such a manner that the first and at least second resistors 130, 135 are electrically connected in parallel with each other.
The substrate 150 includes upper portion 150b, which is comprised of an insulating material, which can be, but is not limited to, an oxide, nitride, oxynitride or multilayers thereof, and bottom portion 150a, which is comprised of a semiconducting material such as Silicon (Si) or silicon-germanium (SiGe). Regions 150 and fins 105, 110 (
The semiconductor body, i.e., fin region 105, 110, is comprised of any semiconducting material, which can be, but is not limited to, a single crystalline Si or SiGe. The fin cap dielectric layer 155, 156 is comprised of a dielectric material, which can be, but is not limited to, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride or multilayers thereof. The semiconductor body 115, 116 may have a vertical thickness of from approximately three hundred (300) Angstroms to approximately two thousand (2,000) Angstroms.
The structure shown in
Following formation of the fin cap dielectric layer material 155, 156 on the semiconductor body 115, 116, the structure 100 is subjected to conventional lithography (including applying a photoresist 159 to the fin cap dielectric layer 155, 156, exposing the photoresist 159 to a pattern of radiation, and developing the pattern into the photoresist 159 using a conventional resist developer) and dry etching such as reactive-ion etching, ion beam etching, plasma-etching or laser ablation. The etching step may include a single etching process or multiple etching processes to provide the structure illustrated in
With fin cap dielectric layer 155, 156 protecting the top horizontal surface of vertically oriented semiconductor body 115, 116, i.e., the fin 105, 110, the structure 100 shown in
It is noted that the phrase “deep enough to penetrate the surface of the semiconductor body, without saturating the semiconductor body” denotes that the dopant ions used in the above-identified implant step are not implanted entirely through the semiconductor body. Hence, in the implantation step, the dopant ions are implanted so as to form implant regions, which are predominately located near the vertical sidewalls of the semiconductor body; the implant regions do not extend into the interior portion of the semiconductor body. With very thin fins, it would be quite easy to implant dopant ions such that the fin has a fairly uniform dopant concentration all the way through the fin (a “saturated fin”). However, saturated thin fins would result in a resistor whose resistance is heavily independent on Fin thickness. The depth and concentration for each fin would be approximately equal, resulting in a substantially identical total dopant dose in each fin. However, after annealing, the thicker fins may have dopant dose distributed over a thicker fin, resulting in a lower final dopant concentration.
It should be understood that the dose of the implant can be used to adjust the resulting resistance for each doped region 160, 161 within the semiconductor body 115, 116. For example, Table I shows the dopant concentration for three resistors. The dopant ion employed may be either an n-type dopant or a p-type dopant. In one embodiment, boron implantation at a dose of from approximately 1 E14 atoms/cm2 to approximately 5 E15 atoms/cm2 is carried out at energy levels from approximately five (5) Kiloelectron-Volt (KeV) to approximately ten (10) KeV. It should be understood that the doped region 115 of the first fin structure 105 may have a different dopant type or the same dopant type as the doped region 116 of the at least second fin structure 110. The doped semiconductor body 115, 116 can be formed by a blanket deposition process such as chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, plasma doping or a combination thereof.
The implant step may be carried out using a maskless or masked ion implantation process.
Following the implantation step, the structure 100 is subjected to a rapid thermal anneal (RTA) process at, for example, approximately one thousand (1,000) degrees Celsius for about five (5) seconds, which serves to diffuse the dopant ions through the fin to a predetermined depth, which is independent on the thickness of the fin as well as the concentration of the dopant ion. For example, the activation annealing step is performed in an inert atmosphere such as helium (He), argon (Ar) or a mixture thereof at a temperature of about seven hundred (700) degrees Celsius or higher for a time period of approximately one (1) minute or greater.
Referring to
Following the deposition of the dielectric layer 175, a conductive layer 180 is formed atop of the dielectric layer 175. The conductive layer 180 is composed of a conductive material, which can be, but is not limited to, Titanium Nitride (TiN), Tantalum Nitride (TaN), Tungsten Nitride (WN), Titanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN), Tantalum Carbon Nitride (TaCN), Cobalt Tungsten Phosphide (CoWP), Titanium (Ti), Tantalum (Ta), Tungsten (W), or a combination thereof is formed atop the entire structure shown in
Next, a patterned masking layer 185 is formed atop a portion of the structure shown in
A photoresist, not shown, is applied to the masking layer 185, and conventional lithography and etching are employed in forming the patterned masking layer. After the etching step, the photoresist is removed from the structure providing the structure illustrated in
The conductive layer 180, which is not protected by the patterned masking layer 185, is removed from the structure utilizing a conventional etching process, which is selective in removing the conductive layer from the structure. The resultant structure that is formed after portions of the conductive layer 180 have been removed from the structure 100 is shown, for example, in
The patterned masking layer 185 is then removed using conventional processes well known to those skilled in the art. A thick film of polycrystalline silicon, or polysilion (also known as poly-Si or poly) 190 is formed over part of the fin structures 105, 110 as shown in
After the doped poly 190 is formed, a pair of merged fins 140a, 140b is formed as shown in
The merged fins 140a, 140b is substantially perpendicular to the first and second fin structures 105, 110. The fin structures 105, 110 are the first and second resistors 130, 135, respectively. The pair of merged fins 140a, 140b is formed with the end portions 170a, 170b, 171a, 171b of the first and second fin structures 105, 110. The merged fins 140a, 140b are electrically connected to the first and second fin structures 105, 110 in such a manner that the first and at least second resistors 130, 135 are electrically connected in parallel with each other. The height of the merged fins 140a, 140b may be the same height as the first and at least second fin structures 105, 110.
After the pair of merged fins 140a, 140b is formed, at least one contact 197 is formed onto the pair of merged fins 140a, 140b as shown in
At least a portion of the parallel resistor circuit of the present invention may be implemented in an integrated circuit. In forming integrated circuits, a plurality of identical die is typically fabricated in a repeated pattern on a surface of a semiconductor wafer. Each die includes a device described herein, and may include other structures and/or circuits. The individual die are cut or diced from the wafer, then packaged as an integrated circuit. One skilled in the art would know how to dice wafers and package die to produce integrated circuits. Integrated circuits so manufactured are considered part of this invention.
It will be appreciated and should be understood that the exemplary embodiments of the invention described above can be implemented in a number of different fashions. Given the teachings of the invention provided herein, one of ordinary skill in the related art will be able to contemplate other implementations of the invention. Indeed, although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various other changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3654580 | Laisi | Apr 1972 | A |
5315143 | Tsuji | May 1994 | A |
6413802 | Hu et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6458662 | Yu | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6525403 | Inaba et al. | Feb 2003 | B2 |
6706571 | Yu | Mar 2004 | B1 |
6787406 | Hill et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
6853020 | Yu | Feb 2005 | B1 |
6963843 | Takatsu et al. | Nov 2005 | B1 |
7064413 | Fried et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7087506 | Anderson et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7129550 | Fujiwara et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7173310 | Voldman et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7202517 | Dixit et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7241649 | Donze et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
7329913 | Brask et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7358121 | Chau et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7923788 | Ohguro et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
7932551 | Kim | Apr 2011 | B2 |
8021949 | Cheng | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8163635 | Sugitani | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8187928 | Yu | May 2012 | B2 |
8217450 | Yu | Jul 2012 | B1 |
8664720 | Shrivastava et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
20040159910 | Fried et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040253775 | Achuthan et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050118824 | Achuthan et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20070018239 | Chen et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070040221 | Gossner et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070218661 | Shroff et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070235819 | Yagishita | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20080237675 | Doyle et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080277729 | Gossner et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20090065869 | Ohguro et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20100133614 | Beyer et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100155842 | Anderson et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100301417 | Cheng et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20120208328 | Anderson et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20130171780 | Anderson et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
1518771 | Aug 2004 | CN |
101764158 | Jun 2010 | CN |
102005039365 | Feb 2007 | DE |
2419232 | Apr 2006 | GB |
2003347414 | Dec 2003 | JP |
2007500456 | Jan 2007 | JP |
2007053387 | Mar 2007 | JP |
2009016525 | Jan 2009 | JP |
2010153860 | Jul 2010 | JP |
2011040768 | Feb 2011 | JP |
1020060020674 | Mar 2006 | KR |
20100073979 | Jul 2010 | KR |
2004112105 | Dec 2004 | WO |
PCTUS1166466 | Apr 2012 | WO |
Entry |
---|
H.-S.P. Wong, “Beyond the Conventional Transistor,” IBM Journal of Research and Development, Mar./May 2002, pp. 133-168, vol. 46, No. 2/3. |
M. Poljak et al., “SOI vs. Bulk FinFET: Body Doping and Corner Effects Influence on Device Characteristics,” IEEE Molecon, 2008, pp. 425-430. |
Monica Heger, “Big Picture: Life After Silicon—How Graphene Could Revolutionize Electronics,” http://discovermagazine.com/2009/jun/04-life-after-silicon/article—print, May 2009, 2 pages. |
Robert S. Chau, “Integrated CMOS Tri-Gate Transistors: Paving the Way to Future Technology Generations,” Technology @ Intel Magazine, Aug. 2006, pp. 1-7. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/793,292, filed in the name of Hensch et al. on Jun. 3, 2010 and entitled “FinFETCompatible Metal-Insulator-Metal Capacitor.” |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20120175749 A1 | Jul 2012 | US |