Patent Application
20100283709
The present disclosure relates to “smart packaging” systems and methods, and more particularly to electronic detection devices, such as radio frequency identification (“RFID”) devices and methods of using these devices in packaging and package tracking systems.
Monitoring the location and status of items is advantageous in many applications. For example, in manufacturing environments it is important to know the whereabouts of items in a factory, and to identify and document the coming and going of items from a warehouse or the like. Bar codes have traditionally been used to identify and track items. In particular, 1D bar codes are most common and are used to identify items at the grocery store, etc. More recently, 2D bar codes have been developed and provide substantially more information than 1D bar codes. Thus, 2D bar codes are used with shipping labels and other items where more information is typically needed to identify the item(s) associated with the bar code. However, 1D and 2D bar code systems are often not compatible with one another. A further drawback is that the bar code must be positioned on the exterior of the item so that it is readable by a scanner or the like in order to transfer the information associated with the bar code. There cannot be anything blocking the line of sight between the scanner and the bar code.
Another method for tracking an item and/or transferring information about an item is through a magnetic strip having pre-programmed coded information that is attached to an outer surface of an item. The information is read by passing the magnetic strip through a high-resolution magnetic reader to produce an electric field. While this technology does not require a clear line-of-sight between the reader and the strip for proper reading of the information, the distance at which the strip can be read is limited, and the system is limited to read-only. The magnetic strips are also prone to damage, which can be a problem for longer magnetic strips that contain more data.
Yet another way to track items is through the use of RFID. RFID has been used for some time in a variety of applications, from tracking garments to pallets to trucks. RFID may work on an inductive principle. In a passive RFID system, a reader generates a magnetic field at a predetermined frequency. When a RFID device, which usually can be categorized as either read-only or read/write, enters the magnetic field, a small electric current forms in the device's resonant circuit, which may include an antenna and a capacitor. This circuit provides power to the RFID device, which then modulates the magnetic field in order to transmit information that is pre-programmed on the device back to the reader at a predetermined frequency, such as 125 kHz (low frequency) or 13.56 MHz (high frequency). The reader then receives, demodulates, and decodes the signal transmission, and then sends the data onto a host computer associated with the system for further processing.
An active RFID system may operate in much the same way, but in an active system the RFID includes its own battery, allowing the device to transmit data and information at the touch of a button. For example, a remote control garage door opener may use an active RFID device that transmits a predetermined code to the receiver in order to raise and lower the garage door at the user's discretion.
In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a structure having an antenna incorporated therein is provided. The structure may comprise one or more strips of flexible sheet material wrapped about an axis and secured together to form a tubular structure, and an antenna secured to one or more of the strips, the antenna comprising an electrically conductive material arranged on the strip in a pattern forming a closed loop except for a break in the loop defining a plurality of contacts for connection to an electrical device. The antenna may extend along a substantial portion of the axial length of the tubular structure, which may in particular be in a range of 25% to 100% of the axial length of the tubular structure. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna may extend helically along the tubular structure for more or less than one full revolution about the tubular structure.
The pattern forming the antenna may comprise two spaced tracks of the electrically conductive material and a closed connection therebetween, which can be either a connector extending between the two tracks, for example when the two tracks are parallel to one another, or an intersection of the two spaced tracks. Further, the antenna may be disposed between two adjacent strips of the flexible material. In some embodiments, the electrically conductive material may comprise a waste trim material.
In accordance with various other embodiments of the invention, methods of manufacturing a structure are provided. The methods may comprise securing an electrically conductive material to a strip of flexible sheet material in a pattern forming a closed loop except for a break in the loop defining a plurality of contacts for connection to an electrical device. The methods may further comprise wrapping the strip of flexible material about an axis to form a tubular structure such that the antenna extends along a substantial portion of the axial length of the tubular structure, which may in particular be in a range of 25% to 100% of the axial length of the tubular structure. Additionally or alternatively, the strip of flexible material may be wrapped such that the antenna extends helically along the tubular structure for more or less than one full revolution about the tubular structure.
The methods may further comprise securing two spaced tracks of the electrically conductive material to the strip and forming a closed connection therebetween, which can be formed by extending a connector between the two spaced tracks, for example when the two tracks are oriented such that they are parallel to one another. Alternatively, the step of forming the closed connection can comprise intersecting the two spaced tracks. The tubular structure may be cut at the connector in order to divide the tubular structure into two tubular structures each having an antenna. Further, the antenna may be disposed between two adjacent strips of the flexible material.
Also, some embodiments may further comprise the step of connecting an integrated circuit device to the contacts. This connecting step may be performed before or after the wrapping step. Further, the wrapping step may be performed before or after the securing step. Additionally, the securing step may be performed before or after the connecting step. Accordingly, the method steps may be performed in various orders.
Having thus described the embodiments in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:
Tubular structures and method of making them now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some but not all embodiments are shown. Indeed, the present development may take many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
Turning to the figures,
The antenna 112 comprises an electrically conductive material wrapped about an axis, which in this embodiment comprises the longitudinal axis 114 of the tubular structure 110. The electrically conductive material comprising the antenna 112 is arranged on the tubular structure 110 in a pattern forming a closed loop except for a break in the loop defining a plurality of contacts for connection to an electrical device 116. Electrical devices 116 can include a variety of different electrical apparatuses. In particular, any electrical device which can benefit from connection to an antenna could be attached to the contacts. For example, various types of integrated circuits could be attached, such as an RFID chip.
In this embodiment, the antenna 112 comprises two spaced tracks 118, 120 of the electrically conductive material. In particular, the two tracks 118, 120 are shown as being parallel to one another in this embodiment. There is also shown a connector 122 extending between the two spaced tracks 118, 120. This connector 122 helps form one portion of a closed loop except for the break defining the plurality of contacts for connection to the electrical device 116. The contacts in this embodiment comprise the two spaced tracks 118, 120. With the electrical device 116 attached, a closed loop is formed, which can act as a loop style antenna 112 for the electrical device 116.
Two features in particular of this embodiment of the tubular structure 110 are believed to provide beneficial results as compared to other structures having antennas, such as RFID tags having integrated coiled antennas. The first such feature is that the antenna 112 extends helically along the tubular structure 110. As a result of the helical configuration of the antenna 112, the antenna may have reception and transmission capabilities along a variety of different directions in relation to the longitudinal axis 114 of the tubular structure. In particular, in the embodiment shown in
Each strip 324, 326, 328, 330 may have adhesive applied to at least one of its surfaces (the inner strip being free of adhesive on its surface that contacts the shaping mandrel 332) by a suitable adhesive applicator 327, 329, 331, 333 and then the adhesive may be warmed by a corresponding heater 335, 337, 339, 341. Thus, as each strip 324, 326, 328, 330 is wound onto a strip previously wound onto the shaping mandrel 332, the strips are adhered together by the adhesive, thereby forming a continuous multilayer tubular structure 346 on the shaping mandrel. The apparatus may also include one or more helical winding belts 338, 344 that engage the multilayer tubular structure 346 and advance it along the shaping mandrel 332 in a screw fashion, at a pitch corresponding to the winding angle. For example, in the embodiment shown, an inner strip 328, an intermediate strip 324, and a second intermediate strip 330 combine to form the continuous tubular structure 346 which may be advanced down the mandrel 332 by a first winding belt 338 that extends around a pair of opposed pulleys 340. The first winding belt 338 not only rotates and advances the continuous tubular structure 346, but also applies pressure to the individual strips 324, 328, 330 to ensure a secure bond therebetween. Downstream of the first winding belt 338, a continuous outer strip 326 may be advanced toward the mandrel 332. The continuous tubular structure 346 may then be advanced down the mandrel 332 by a second winding belt 344 after the addition of the outer strip 326. The second winding belt 344 also rotates and advances the continuous tubular structure 346 and applies pressure to the strips 324, 326, 328, 330 to ensure a secure bond between the strips. After the multiple strips 324, 326, 328, 330 have been secured together on the mandrel 332 to form the continuous tubular structure 346, the continuous tubular structure is scored or cut by a cutting station 348 to form individual tubular structures 310.
With regard to the particular features of the strips, the intermediate strip of flexible sheet material 324 is depicted as having an antenna 312 formed by a pair of tracks 318, 320 of electrically conductive material secured thereon and may also have a connector 322 and electrical device 316 secured thereto. Thus, in the embodiment of
Referring back to the cutting step, the cutting is preferably performed at regular intervals such that the electrical device 316 (if applicable) is near one of the resulting ends but spaced inwardly therefrom so as to create a desired length of antenna 312 without damaging the electrical device. Further, as discussed above, the cut may be through a connector 322, such as a wide connector (see
While spiral or helical winding has been discussed herein, the multilayer tubular structures of the present invention can be formed by convolute winding, linear draw, or the like, so as to produce tubes, cores, composite cans, convolute tubes, protective packaging, and the like. Also, in various alternative embodiments, the electrical device, electrically conductive material, and/or the connector may be placed on different strips, as may be envisioned by one of ordinary skill in the art, so long as they ultimately complete a circuit, such as is shown in the embodiments of
In various embodiments, the strips may have electrically conductive material, connectors, and/or electrical devices secured thereto prior to wrapping around the mandrel. However, in other embodiments, one or more of these elements may be secured to an outermost or innermost one of the strips after the strip is wrapped to form the tubular structure. Further, alternate embodiments of tubular structures may be formed from a single strip of flexible sheet material. Additionally, alternate embodiments may have electrically conductive material, a connector, and/or an electrical device on either the inner or outer surfaces of any strip of flexible sheet material forming the tubular structure. For example, tracks of electrically conductive material 352 may be placed on the outside of outer strip 326 such that they form part of the outer surface of a tubular structure. Such an embodiment may facilitate adding an electrical device and/or connector at a later point in time.
With further regard to each of the strips of flexible sheet material, various embodiments are possible. For instance, as shown in
Accordingly,
The above embodiments have generally been described as having a connection between two tracks of the electrically conductive material comprising a separate connector. However, the connection may also take the form of an intersection between the two tracks of electrically conductive material. In particular, as shown in
As described above, the electrically conductive material, connectors, and electrical devices may be secured to a strip making up the tubular structure before or after the wrapping of the strip. In particular, it may be possible to preprint conductive ink onto a strip of flexible sheet material prior to winding the tubular structure, or the conductive ink may be printed onto a strip of flexible sheet material in an inline manner just prior to the wrapping step. Additionally, electrically conductive material may be secured to a strip of the flexible sheet material (particularly an outermost or innermost strip) after the strip has been wrapped to form the tubular structure. Similar methods may be used for attachment of the connectors and electrical devices. For example, the wrapping of the strips of flexible sheet material may occur before or after the securing of the antenna to a strip, and before or after the connecting of an integrated circuit device to the contacts occurs. Further, the securing of the antenna may occur before or after the connecting of the integrated circuit device to the contacts. Accordingly, the timing of completion of the electrical circuit formed by the conductive material, connector, and electrical device can be varied to allow for numerous manufacturing methods.
Many modifications and other embodiments will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which these embodiments pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
