Patent Application
20090255210
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is in the field of construction, pertaining more specifically to the art of framing in construction and methods and apparatus for securing and locking structural members into position, applicable in many areas, such as construction for sub flooring, ceiling, roof, and other framings requiring structural members, and for structures in furniture, containers, models, and temporary shelters, among many other uses.
2. Discussion of the State of the Art
In the field of framing for construction joisting is regularly employed to form a load-bearing floor, roofing, or ceiling framework comprising of multiple structural members laid parallel to one another and fastened to common end plates or beams. A typical structural member defines the elongate member laid with other like members to form a sub-floor, roof, or a ceiling truss. In constructions of differing materials the structural members are laid somewhat uniformly in the arrangements or structures according to certain standards set for those types of constructions. A problem with standard joisting is that it is limited to simple or continuous spans with bearing-type connections and is particularly weak with respect to resisting force from certain directions variant from typical load-bearing (vertical) forces or dead weight.
Depending on construction materials used in a particular project, there are various standard methods for securing structural members to each other and to end plates. Nails, screws, metal bracing, and other components may be used depending on specifications for the construction project. A problem with typical joisting and joisting with prefabricated truss works is that other than vertical load-bearing, there is no inherent structural integrity for resisting certain directional forces that can occur such as wind shear, earthquake, and other forces.
Therefore, what is clearly needed is a structural member lock and positioning system that distributes load resistance to vertical members across the construction and adds structural strength to resist forces other than vertical load forces.
In an embodiment of the present invention a structural assembly is provided comprising a first set of first elongate structural members alternately spaced apart from a second set of second elongate structural members by locking blocks, the first set defining a first plane and the second set defining a second plane forming an intersection at an angle with the first plane, the structural members and locking blocks defining an assembly of adjoined blocks and structural members at the intersection, and a compressive mechanism spanning the assembly of adjoined blocks and structural members at the intersection. Compressing the adjoined blocks and structural members by the spanning compression mechanism locks the blocks and structural members together in a manner to resist applied forces.
In one embodiment the compressive mechanism comprises a rod, wire or cable passing through aligned openings in the adjoining blocks and structural members at the intersection, and one or more elements applying tension to the rod, wire or cable. Also in one embodiment the structural members and the blocks have complementary shape such that adjoining blocks and structural members engage at a specific angle defined by the engagement shapes of the blocks.
In some embodiments the structural members have an I-beam shape with a central planar member and wider rails at each end, the locking blocks have channels to engage the wider rails, with sets of channels on opposite sides to engage adjacent structural members, with the sets of channels oriented at an angle to one another, defining the angle of the planes at the intersection. Also in some embodiments there may be a third set of structural members defining a third plane parallel to the first plane and a fourth set of structural members defining a fourth plane parallel to the second plane, the first and second planes intersecting at a first intersection at ninety degrees, the second and third planes intersecting at a second intersection at ninety degrees, the third plane and the fourth plane intersecting at a third intersection at ninety degrees, and the fourth plane and the first plane intersecting at a fourth intersection at ninety degrees, the four planes defining a rectangular box.
In some embodiments there panels fastened to the separate sets of structural members, providing a top, a floor, and two sides to the structural assembly.
In another aspect of the invention a method for making a rigid structural assembly is provided, comprising the steps of (a) spacing apart a first and a second set of elongate structural members alternately with locking blocks such that the first set defines a first plane and the second set defines a second plane in an intersection at an angle with the first IS plane, the structural members and locking blocks defining an assembly of adjoined blocks and structural members at the intersection; and (b) compressing the adjoined structural members and inter-spaced locking blocks at the intersection with a spanning compression mechanism.
In one embodiment of the method the compressive mechanism comprises a rod, wire or cable passing through aligned openings in the adjoining blocks and structural members at the intersection, and one or more elements applying tension to the rod, wire or cable. In another embodiment the structural members and the blocks have complementary shape such that adjoining blocks and structural members engage at a specific angle defined by the engagement shapes of the blocks.
Also in some embodiments of the method the structural members may have an I-beam shape with a central planar member and wider rails at each end, the locking blocks have channels to engage the wider rails, with sets of channels on opposite sides to engage adjacent structural members, with the sets of channels oriented at an angle to one another, defining the angle of the planes at the intersection.
In some embodiments there may be a third set of structural members defining a third plane parallel to the first plane and a fourth set of structural members defining a fourth plane parallel to the second plane, the first and second planes intersecting at a first intersection at ninety degrees, the second and third planes intersecting at a second intersection at ninety degrees, the third plane and the fourth plane intersecting at a third intersection at ninety degrees, and the fourth plane and the first plane intersecting at a fourth intersection at ninety degrees, the four planes defining a rectangular box. Also in some cases there are panels fastened to the separate sets of structural members, providing a top, a floor, and two sides to the structural assembly.
Structural members 101 and 102 may be made of wood, steel, aluminum, or some other durable material suitable for building construction. Torsion locking blocks 103 may be made of wood, steel, aluminum, or some other durable material suitable for building construction. Structural members 101 and 102 have physical features that interface and engage with physical features on the joist-interfacing sides of torsion locking devices 103 in this configuration.
In this example there are 4 vertical structural members 101 and 4 horizontal structural members 102 assembled with 7 torsion locking blocks 103. This framing example may represent, for example, a junction of a sub floor and vertical wall framing of a building under construction. It will be appreciated by one with skill in the art of construction that the entire building frame is not represented in this example. In this case the structural members are secured at a right angle (90 degrees), common for floor-to-wall interfaces. The structural members are secured to the locking blocks at their ends in this example. In other construction configurations the angle may differ from 90 degrees and the structural members may intersect with torsion locking blocks at any intersection point placed along the length of those members.
A compression system 105 is provided to compress the collective components of the assembly together in the geometric configuration shown. Compression system 105 comprises a solid and durable elongate bar or rod 107 that passes through openings located in structural members 101 and 102 and in torsion locking blocks 103. System 105 may include compression washers and tensioning nuts applied to the ends of the assembly to secure and compress the assembly together. The elongate rod 107 used may be manufactured of steel or another solid and durable material capable of serving as a compression medium without failing under tensioning applied at the ends of the assembly.
In alternative embodiments cable or wire may be used rather than a rod or bar, and various tensioning mechanisms may be used to compress the structural members and the locking blocks together.
Assembly 100 is superior in strength to other construction geometries using structural members because the torsion locking blocks 103 together with the compression system 105 applied to secure the assembly provide transfer of shear, torsion, and moment forces laterally between adjacent structural members 101 and 102 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the structural members in the assembly.
Assembly 100 includes multiple exterior and interior panels 104 that help to secure the structural members together with other structural members in the assembly. Panels 104 are attached in this example to the assembly at the outside and inside edges of the structural members. Panels 104 may be manufactured of plywood, metal sheeting, fiberglass sheeting, or other relatively stiff material. Panels 104 help to ensure transfer of shear and moment forces across the assembly, but are not essential in the broad aspects of this invention. Exterior panels 104 come together at the rear edge of the assembly and are fastened to the assembly with the aid of a blocking element 106 (interior blocking element visible).
Blocking elements 106 are positioned both on the exterior and interior sides of the assembly and are connected between the structural members 101 and 102, and torsion locking blocks 103. Blocking elements 106 have fasteners that tie the components together when panels 104 are added to the assembly. Blocking elements 106 provide a continuous load path between the other elements of the assembly and further allow adjacent panels 104 to be connected or secured across their lateral intersection. Blocking elements 106 may be manufactured from wood, steel, aluminum, or some other solid and durable material capable of load transfer.
In this example, rails 302 are rectangular in profile. The rectangular portion of each rail 302 on one side of body 301 is of a dimension that fits into channels provided on interfacing sides of the torsion locking blocks. The I-beam construction profile of structural members 101 and 102 provides sufficient transfer of load forces and is particularly suited for strength. Structural members 101 and 102 each have openings 303 in alignment with one another in appropriate configuration for assembly with the interspaced locking blocks. Openings 303 are sized to accept the tensioning bar or rod 107.
Structural members 101 and 102 have each have openings 303 at locations along each structural member where a torsion structural member lock may be placed, not necessarily just at the ends of the members. Further, structural members 101 and 102 may be of any required length for construction. The structural members may be assembled using a torsion structural locking block at any desired linear angle including 180 degrees. In one embodiment the angle of construction of the structural members is set by the construction of the torsion structural member locks. For example, a 90-degree angle would require a 90-degree torsion structural member lock.
In one embodiment torsion locking block 103 is of a solid construction. In another embodiment, locking block 103 may be manufactured of separate components that fit together to function as one piece. One or more openings 407 are provided at or around the approximate center of locking block 103 extending from side 402 through side 404. Opening 407 is a through-bore and has a diameter sufficiently large for accepting the tensioning rod 107, or whatever tensioning element is to be used.
Torsion locking block 103 has a pair of channels 401 along opposing edges of side 402. Channels 401 are identical to one another in depth and function to accept the rails provided on the structural members 101 and 102. Channels 401 are substantially symmetrical and extend the length of side 402 in a horizontal direction for supporting one of horizontal structural members 102 described further above. The spacing between the opposing shelf walls is just small enough to accept the spacing between the inner opposing walls of the rails of a structural member. Channels 401 have a depth measured from surface 402 that is just large enough to enable the structural member body in between the rails to interface flush against surface 402. The fit is tight enough so that there is very little or no movement in the angle of the assembly.
On surface 404 there is a like pair of channels 403 provided in orientation rotated approximately 90 degrees from channels 403 to accept vertical structural members 101 described earlier. In this embodiment, torsion locking block 103 is a 90-degree block, meaning that adjacent structural members abutting the locking block are disposed linearly at a 90-degree angle such as where a floor meets a vertical wall. However, other torsion locking blocks may be provided of varying angles between 0 and 180 degrees.
In this example, the frame construction may be that of an interior wall intersecting with a floor that rises at the particular angle set by the torsion locking blocks. Blocking devices 106 are shown in place for fastening to panel coverings described earlier.
In this example, the sides of block 800 that interface with structural members are parallel to the end of each tongue 802 and 803. That is to say the surfaces lie in the same plane. The back surfaces of tongues 802 and 803 are angled so that the tongues are thicker at the base of main body 801 and thinner at their open ends. Under compression in assembly, the framing may be further strengthened somewhat by the extra footprint provided by tongues 802 and 803. The width dimension of tongues 802 and 803 is small enough to fit within the inside dimension between rails of the structural members so that the interfacing surface may be seated flush against the middle body of the structural members. A through opening 804 is provided in similar fashion as was described above for accepting a tensioning rod, cable or wire.
It will be apparent to one with skill in the art that locking blocks 800 and 805 may both be provided as blocks that present a construction angle that departs from 90 degrees, as has already been discussed above for block 103. Moreover, the overall thickness of block 103, block 800 or block 805 may be changed considerably so that structural members may be secured in the assembly having more or less separation, including structural members immediately adjacent or quite widely separated.
The top and floor are connected to the walls of the structure using torsion locking blocks according to an embodiment of this invention with a steel tension rod, wire or cable passing through the assembly at the intersections 901, 902, 903 and 904 of horizontal and vertical planes, from one end of the structure to the other end of the structure (40 foot length), and with appropriate tension applied. The top, floor, and walls of the structure are covered by plywood panels in this example, fastened using wood screws or nails, and the blocking components previously described along all of the panel edges completing the structural framing and form. The construction once formed according to the methods and apparatus of the invention is open on each end, although non-load bearing walls may be added including windows, doors, and other openings according to normal construction guidelines and rules. Doors, windows and the like may also be implemented in the long sides of the structure.
Structure 900 is a basic structure that may pre-fabricated and shipped to a building site, and used there as the basic unit for a home. Structure 900 may be placed on and secured to a foundation, or other simple supports as shown, and a roof and missing walls added by conventional structural techniques, providing a house much more resistant to natural forces than in the current art.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the components used for the framing may be pre-manufactured and then assembled forming the assemblies during the framing process at a building site. In another embodiment, entire flooring systems, roof systems, ceiling systems and walls may be assembled to specification and then the assemblies may be positioned and further assembled at the corners to secure the complete structure similar in some aspects to assembling a panelized construction. In alternative embodiments similar pre-loaded and pre-fabricated structures according to embodiment of this invention may be provided in a variety of sizes and shapes for a wide variety of purposes, such as storage structures, temporary housing units and the like, and for almost any construction purpose.
The methods and apparatus of the invention apply to wood construction and steel construction both residential and commercial. Lighter structures may be envisioned that may be fabricated of polymers, fiberglass, aluminum, and other materials depending on load requirements. There are many possibilities. Further it will be apparent to the skilled artisan that there may be many alterations made to the embodiments described as examples in this specification without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, structural members are shown in examples as I-beam shapes, and engaging geometry of locking blocks comprise edge channels in the blocks to engage the rails of the I-beam shapes. There are, however, a very wide variety of complementary engaging shapes that may be used, all of which are within the spirit and scope of the invention. There are similarly a wide variety of shapes and geometric variations that may be used beyond the simple example described herein. The apparatus and methods of the invention are useful for many sorts of construction where different surfaces may intersect. The invention for these and other reasons is limited only by the breadth of the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11421589 | Jun 2006 | US |
| Child | 12490043 | US |
