This Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Phase I research project will demonstrate an<br/>innovative application of ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) and electrospray ionization (ESI) aimed at separation and detection of biologically active macromolecules in environmental and food product sample matrices. This innovative application of ESI-IMS will enable real time aqueous phase measurement of protein bio-toxins and other proteins of public health significance without the need for expensive diagnostic reagent additions or complex sample preparation procedures. <br/><br/>The commercial application of this project will be in the areas of homeland security, environmental monitoring and food safety.