This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).<br/><br/>This Small Business Technology Transfer Research Phase I project seeks to develop advanced heat transfer fluids using nano-structured carbons. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with a thermal conductivity of ~2000 W/m-K, are proposed at loadings which do not sacrifice fluid flow and viscosity. Nanofluids will be fabricated by tailoring the CNFs structure and surface functionalities to meet the above specifications. <br/><br/>If successfully commercialized, Nanofluids will make significant energy efficiency and cost reduction gains for air conditioning, and will be useful for cooling of under-the-hood electronics of hybrid electric and electric vehicles and high power microelectronic devices.