This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).<br/><br/>This Small Business Technology Transfer Research (STTR) Phase II project seeks to develop and commercialize an optimized technique to produce durable nano-porous surfaces (NPS) for heat transfer applications using an inexpensive electrochemical process. This technology will be very beneficial for the development of high-efficiency boilers, heat exchangers and electronic cooling devices. <br/><br/>The broader impact/commercial potential of this project will be the enhancement to boilers, heat exchangers, and electronic cooling devices that serve various industries, such as, power/utility, oil and gas, chemical, food and beverage, and building and construction. Additional benefit from the this project will be its potential application in efficient heat transfer to increase energy output, reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gases, consume less fossil fuels and reduce harmful pollution.