The present invention relates to a submerged entry nozzle that can be used to continuously cast molten metal, such as steel. More specifically, the present invention relates to the shape of a discharge hole of the submerged entry nozzle.
A submerged entry nozzle is a tubular refractory nozzle that is used to supply molten steel from a tundish to a mold. Main roles of the submerged entry nozzle include preventing reoxidation of molten steel by preventing contact with air, and stably supplying molten steel into the mold.
A molten steel flow discharged from a discharge hole (hereinafter referred to as “discharge flow”) branches into a short-side downward flow that descends along a short side of the mold after the molten steel collides with this short side, and a meniscus flow that flows along a meniscus toward the nozzle after the molten steel rises along the short side. The velocities of the short-side downstream flow and the meniscus flow are controlled by, for example, the flow velocity of the discharge flow when colliding with the short side and the position of this collision. If the discharge flow collides with a deep portion of the mold, the flow velocity of the short side downward flow increases, whereas the flow velocity of the meniscus flow decreases. Conversely, if the collision position is shallower, the flow velocity of the short-side downward flow decreases, but the flow velocity of the meniscus flow increases. An excessively large flow velocity of the meniscus flow increases the risk of incorporating mold powder slag located above the molten steel. On the contrary, an excessively large flow velocity of the short-side downward flow inhibits flotation of inclusions, gas bubbles, and the like mixed in the molten steel, and increases the risk that they are captured in a cast piece. Both cases are not favorable from the viewpoint of maintaining and improving the quality of the steel. Therefore, submerged entry nozzles have been designed to keep a balance such that neither the meniscus flow nor the short-side downward flow is excessively fast.
To simultaneously reduce the flow velocity of the meniscus flow and the flow velocity of the short-side downward flow, the simplest method is to increase the inner tube diameter of the submerged entry nozzle and the opening area of the discharge hole. However, the outer shape of the submerged entry nozzle is determined by the mold dimensions, and there is therefore a limit in the method of increasing the inner tube diameter of the submerged entry nozzle. For this reason, various examinations have been conducted on the shape of the discharge hole. For example, JP 2009-106968A (Patent Document 1) discloses a discharge hole having a shape expanding in a horizontal direction while extending from the inner side to the outer side of a tubular body that forms the submerged entry nozzle. JP 2011-212725A (Patent Document 2) discloses a method in which attention is paid to the fact that the flow velocity of the discharge flow in a general submerged entry nozzle is faster on the lower side of the discharge hole and slower on the upper side, and thus discharge from the upper side of the discharge hole is promoted in order to average the flow velocities of the discharge flows and reduce the fastest value of the discharge flow velocities. The techniques such as those of Patent Documents 1 and 2 can reduce the flow velocity of the discharge flow.
However, in the technique such as that of Patent Document 1, expansion of the discharge hole on the outer side of the tubular body may be limited by the outer shape of the submerged entry nozzle. Further, the technique such as that of Patent Document 2 may not provide a sufficient effect of reducing the flow velocity of the discharge flow. For these reasons, the techniques such as those of Patent Documents 1 and 2 are not sufficient for achieving high throughput and high steel quality that are required for recent steelmaking.
It is therefore desired to realize a submerged entry nozzle capable of significantly reducing the flow velocities of both the meniscus flow and the short-side downward flow.
The present inventors have found that both the flow velocity of the meniscus flow and the flow velocity of the short-end downstream flow can be significantly reduced by generating a disturbance effect in the discharge flow to consume kinetic energy of the discharge flow. Therefore, the present inventors examined various shapes of the outlet port of the submerged entry nozzle, clarified shape conditions of the discharge hole that can effectively generate a disturbance effect in the discharge flow, and completed the present invention.
A submerged entry nozzle according to the present invention includes a bottomed cylinder having a vertical side face with at least two outlet ports and having an inner side and an outer side, wherein the following expressions are satisfied:
Vi/Vo≥1.1 Expression (1)
Ho/Hi≥1.1 Expression (2)
where Vi indicates a vertical opening dimension of each of the at least two outlet ports on the inner side, Hi indicates a horizontal opening dimension of each of the at least two outlet ports on the inner side, Vo indicates a vertical opening dimension of each of the at least two outlet ports on the outer side, and Ho indicates a horizontal opening dimension of each of the at least two outlet ports on the outer side.
This configuration can significantly reduce both the flow velocity of the meniscus flow and the flow velocity of the short-side downward flow. As a result, the quality of a cast piece can be improved by suppressing the case where inclusions in molten steel are incorporated in the cast piece and the case where mold powder slag is incorporated in the molten steel due to changes in the molten metal surface.
Hereinafter, preferable modes of the present invention will be described below. However, the following preferable modes do not limit the scope of the present invention.
It is preferable that the following expressions are satisfied:
Li<Lm<Lo Expression (3) or
Li>Lm>Lo Expression (4),
where Li indicates an upper edge height on the inner side, the upper edge height being a distance between an upper edge of each of the at least two outlet ports and a leading end of the bottomed cylinder, Lo indicates the upper edge height on the outer side, and Lm indicates the upper edge height at a position between the inner side and the outer side, and
Mi<Mm<Mo Expression (5) or
Mi>Mm>Mo Expression (6),
where Mi indicates a lower edge height on the inner side, the lower edge height being a distance between a lower edge of each of the at least two outlet ports and the leading end of the bottomed cylinder, Mo indicates the lower edge height on the outer side, and Mm indicates the lower edge height at a position between the inner side and the outer side.
This configuration makes it even easier to achieve the effect of reducing the flow velocities of the meniscus flow and the short-side downward flow.
It is more preferable that the upper edge height satisfies Expression (4), and the lower edge height satisfies Expression (5).
This configuration makes it even easier to achieve the effect of reducing the flow velocities of the meniscus flow and the short-side downward flow.
Further features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent through the illustrations of the following exemplary and non-limiting embodiments described with reference to the drawings.
An embodiment of a submerged entry nozzle according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The following is a description of an example of applying the submerged entry nozzle according to the present invention to a submerged entry nozzle 1 for a continuous slab-casting machine. The present embodiment envisions application to a continuous slab-casting machine in which the mass flow rate of molten steel that passes through the submerged entry nozzle 1 is 2.0 tons or more per minute.
Configuration of Submerged Entry Nozzle
The submerged entry nozzle 1 according to the present embodiment has a structure in which two outlet ports 3 are provided in a vertical side face 21 of a bottomed cylinder 2 (
The bottomed cylinder 2 has a closed-end cylindrical shape with an outer diameter of 140 mm and an inner diameter of 80 mm. The bottomed cylinder 2 is made of a refractory material with a thickness of 30 mm. The refractory material constituting the bottomed cylinder 2 mainly contains an oxide raw material such as alumina, silica, spinel, magnesia, zirconia, zircon, or calcium zirconate, and a carbon raw material such as graphite, carbon black, or pitch, and also contains one or more types of non-oxide additives such as silicon carbide, boron carbide, zirconium boride, aluminum, and silicon nitride.
The outlet ports 3 are provided in the vertical side face 21 of the bottomed cylinder 2 (
Based on the above dimensional relationship, Vi/Vo=1.37 and Ho/Hi=1.18. Accordingly, the opening dimensions of each outlet port 3 satisfy the following Expressions (1) and (2).
Vi/Vo≥1.1 Expression (1)
Ho/Hi≥1.1 Expression (2)
Each outlet port 3 has an upper edge 31 that extends in a straight line downward from the inner side to the outer side of the bottomed cylinder 2 in a vertical cross-section of the outlet port 3 (
Li>Lm>Lo Expression (4)
Each outlet port 3 has a lower edge 32 that extends in a straight line upward from the inner side to the outer side of the bottomed cylinder 2 in a vertical cross-section of the outlet port 3 (
Mi<Mm<Mo Expression (5)
Note that the heights of the upper edge 31 and the lower edge 32 in the present embodiment are as shown in the following table.
Variations
A description will be given below of variations of the shape of the discharge hole portions of the submerged entry nozzle according to the present invention. Note that the same parts as those of the above embodiment are assigned the same reference numerals, and a description thereof is omitted.
In a variation shown in
Li>Lm>Lo Expression (4)
Mi>Mm>Mo Expression (6)
In a variation shown in
Li<Lm<Lo Expression (3)
Mi<Mm<Mo Expression (5)
In a variation shown in
In a variation shown in
In a variation shown in
Mi=Mm=Mo Expression (7)
Note that Expressions (1) and (2) related to the vertical opening dimension of each outlet port 3 and the horizontal opening dimension thereof hold, similarly to the above embodiment, in each of the above-described variations.
Vi/Vo≥1.1 Expression (1)
Ho/Hi≥1.1 Expression (2)
The following is a description of other embodiments of the submerged entry nozzle according to the present invention. Note that the configuration disclosed in each of the following embodiments can also be combined with the configurations disclosed in the other embodiments as long as no contradiction arises.
The above embodiment has described an example configuration in which each outlet port 3 has a substantially oblong shape as viewed from the radially outer side of the bottomed cylinder 2. However, the outlet port according to the present invention as viewed from the radially outer side of the bottomed cylinder is not limited to this configuration, and may alternatively have, for example, a rectangular shape, an oval shape, or an elliptical shape.
The above embodiment has described an example configuration in which two outlet ports 3 that are open in opposite directions are provided. However, there is no limitation to this configuration, and the submerged entry nozzle according to the present invention may have three or more outlet ports. However, since many molds have oblong shapes, molten steel can be discharged along the longer sides of a mold if this mold has two outlet ports that are open in opposite directions. This configuration is unlikely to cause a discharge flow that directly collides with the longer sides of the mold, thus making it easy to suppress damage to the mold.
The above embodiment has described an example configuration in which the bottomed cylinder 2 has a closed-end cylindrical shape with an outer diameter of 140 mm and an inner diameter of 80 mm. However, the shape of the bottomed cylinder is not specifically limited in the submerged entry nozzle according to the present invention. For example, the shape of an inner tube portion of the bottomed cylinder may have a shape whose diameter partially decreases, a shape with a plurality of hemispherical or droplet-like protrusions, a shape with droplet-like protrusions that are continuous in the circumferential direction, or the like. Alternatively, the bottomed cylinder may contain a highly breathable material arranged in the inner tube portion, and may be given a function of blowing a gas from the inner tube during casting. Note that the dimensions of the bottomed cylinder are determined with consideration given to usage conditions (the flow rate of molten steel etc.) of the submerged entry nozzle.
The above embodiment has described a configuration envisioned for application to a continuous slab-casting machine in which the mass flow rate of molten steel that passes through the submerged entry nozzle 1 is 2.0 tons or more per minute. However, the mass flow rate of molten steel that passes through the submerged entry nozzle according to the present invention is not specifically limited. However, a mass flow rate of 2.0 tons or more per minute is favorable in that the effect of reducing the flow velocities of the meniscus flow and the short-side downward flow is particularly apparent. Note that a mass flow rate of 2.5 tons or more per minute is more favorable.
The above embodiment has described an example of using the submerged entry nozzle according to the present invention in a continuous slab-casting machine. However, there is no limitation to this configuration. The submerged entry nozzle according to the present invention can also be used in a continuous bloom-casting machine as well as a continuous slab-casting machine.
As for other configurations as well, the embodiments disclosed in the present specification are examples in all respects, and it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. A person skilled in the art would readily understand that the embodiments can be modified as appropriate without departing from the gist of the present invention. Accordingly, other embodiments that are modifications made without departing from the gist of the present invention are naturally included in the scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be further described while illustrating non-limiting examples of the submerged entry nozzle according to the present invention.
Analysis of Turbulent Energy with Computer Simulation
Computer simulations were conducted on the distribution of turbulent energy values of a discharge flow around a discharge hole portion for submerged entry nozzles 1 (
The above simulation results indicate that kinetic energy of the discharge flows is consumed as turbulent energy with the submerged entry nozzle according to the present invention. With the submerged entry nozzles according to the present invention, it is thought that the above-described energy consumption causes the flow velocities of the meniscus flow and the short-side downward flow to be significantly lower than in the case of conventional submerged entry nozzles.
Water Model Test
A submerged entry nozzle was created with two outlet ports in a vertical side face of a bottomed cylinder with an outer diameter of 140 mm and an inner diameter of 80 mm, similarly to the above embodiment. Note that the dimensions of the outlet ports in the examples and the comparative examples will be described later. The leading end of each submerged entry nozzle was put into water collected in a mold C with a size of 240 mm 1400 mm, and thereafter, 700 kg of water per minute (5 tons per minute in terms of molten steel) was drained from the submerged entry nozzle (
First, as a standard example (comparative example 1), a test was conducted on the submerged entry nozzle 10 (
Evaluation A: The index values of both the meniscus flow and the short-side downward flow are less than 95
Evaluation B: The index value of at least either the meniscus flow or the short-side downward flow is 95 or more
Table 3 below shows the index values of the flow velocities of the meniscus flow and the short-side downward flow in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3 with various values of Ho/Hi and Vi/Vo. Note that in the submerged entry nozzles in the examples 1 to 6 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, the extension directions of the upper edge and the lower edge of each outlet port 3 are the same as those in
The flow velocities of both the meniscus flow and the short-side downward flow were effectively reduced when the values of Ho/Hi and Vi/Vo satisfied Expressions (1) and (2), as indicated in the examples 1 to 6. On the other hand, a sufficient flow velocity reduction effect was not obtained in the comparative examples 1 to 3 that do not satisfy at least either Expression (1) or (2).
Vi/Vo≥1.1 Expression (1)
Ho/Hi≥1.1 Expression (2)
Table 4 below shows index values of the flow velocities of the meniscus flow and the short-side downward flow in examples 4, 7, and 8 in which the values of Ho/Hi and Vi/Vo were fixed while the shape of the lower edge of each outlet port was changed. The shapes of the lower edge in the examples 4, 7, and 8 correspond to
Mi<Mm<Mo Expression (5)
Mi>Mm>Mo Expression (6)
Mi=Mm=Mo Expression (7)
The flow velocities of both the meniscus flow and the short-side downward flow were effectively reduced regardless of the shape of the lower edge of each outlet port, as indicated in the examples 4, 7, and 8. Note that the flow velocity of the meniscus flow was reduced most effectively in the example 8, and the flow velocity of the short-side downward flow was reduced most effectively in the example 4. Accordingly, it was found that the shape of the lower edge of the outlet port that extends upward can be adopted if there is a desire to reduce the flow velocity of the short-side downward flow in particular.
The present invention can be used for a submerged entry nozzle for a continuous slab-casting machine, for example.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2019-239381 | Dec 2019 | JP | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2020/030452 | 8/7/2020 | WO |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
WO2021/131139 | 7/1/2021 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
20070158884 | Tsukaguchi | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20110240688 | Mizobe | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20230058990 | Niitsuma | Feb 2023 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
8-294757 | Nov 1996 | JP |
11-320046 | Nov 1999 | JP |
2001-232449 | Aug 2001 | JP |
2005-28387 | Feb 2005 | JP |
2007-216272 | Aug 2007 | JP |
2009-106968 | May 2009 | JP |
WO-2008090146 | Jul 2008 | WO |
Entry |
---|
International Search Report and Written Opinion of The International Searching Authority dated Nov. 2, 2020 in International (PCT) Application No. PCT/JP2020/030452, With partial English translation. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20230058990 A1 | Feb 2023 | US |