The invention relates to a subsea wellhead support system and associated method of installing a subsea wellhead support system.
Foundation structures such as suction anchors are normally used to create a foundation for subsea wells and subsea structures. The foundation structure is used to support the subsea well which extends into the seabed, the wellhead and associated wellhead equipment, such as a blowout preventer, casings or Christmas tree (Xmas Tree, XT). A single foundation structure in the form of a suction anchor may be employed to support single wells, typically with the well extending through an inner volume of the suction anchor. The suction anchor normally comprises a skirt forming an outer periphery of the suction anchor in the radial direction skirt. The suction anchor may support a housing for supporting a conductor, wellhead etc. This housing is welded, bolted or otherwise fixedly connected to the suction anchor. During installation, the suction anchor is lowered onto the seabed and then sucked into the seabed, initially by its own weight, and then in the final phase by reducing the pressure inside the skirt relative the surrounding pressure (thereby creating an underpressure). After installation of the suction anchor into the seabed or soil, well or well equipment can be installed or connected to the suction anchor to form a well that extends through the suction anchor into the seabed. One example of a prior art foundation structure exemplified above is known from WO 2018/009077 A1.
In the known solutions, the foundation structure and the housing supporting a conductor, wellhead etc. is fixedly connected in all operational positions, both during installation and after installation subsea. Any vertical forces originating from well-growth is thus transferred to the foundation structure.
It is therefore a need to address at least one of the drawbacks related to the prior art solutions.
It is an objective to provide a solution which allows well-growth where none, or a minimum of, vertical forces are transferred to the foundation assembly.
Furthermore, it is an objective of the invention to provide a solution which both may be operated using a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) as well as without using ROV.
The invention is set forth in the independent claims, while the dependent claims describe other characteristics of the invention.
The invention provides a solution which saves time in the installation of subsea wellhead support systems. According to the invention, a subsea wellhead support system comprising a foundation assembly and a conductor assembly may be installed subsea in one run. The conductor assembly is fixedly mounted to the foundation assembly via a connection arrangement during installation.
Furthermore, a closed volume is defined by the internal walls (e.g. skirt) and top-cap of the foundation assembly and any seal(s) or intermediate elements between the foundation assembly and the conductor housing such that the foundation assembly may be installed into the soil as a result of its own weight and possibly assisted by underpressure.
A subsea wellhead support system is described which comprises:
Normally, after installation of the subsea wellhead support system, a center axis of the through-going opening of the conductor housing extends vertically. Therefore, the conductor housing moves up and down in a vertical direction.
The term conductor housing shall be understood as any housing with internal means/shoulders for hanging off something inside it—and allowed to move relative to the suction anchor due to well growth.
The foundation assembly normally comprises a skirt with a circular cross-section.
The suction anchor is preferably cylindrical to ease installation, i.e. it may have an open bottom end and a closed top end with a circular cross section. Alternative shapes of the suction anchor may include polygonal cylinders with triangular, rectangular, pentagonal etc. cross section.
A center axis of the through-going opening of the conductor housing is normally oriented in a vertical direction (i.e. directly downwards) during installation. The center axis is further preferably parallel with the part of the foundation structure (e.g. skirt of the foundation structure) penetrating the soil/seabed.
The foundation assembly can be a suction anchor.
The foundation assembly can be a well template structure with at least one well slot and a number of suction anchors.
The system may further comprise a conductor extension, wherein the conductor extension can be fixedly connected to the conductor housing. In this setup, the conductor housing and conductor extension are connected to each other and can be seen as one common element. They may be connected using standard connection means known to the skilled person, including, but not limited to welding, bolts, screws, glue, threads etc. A length of the conductor extension can be shorter, longer or identical to a length of the skirt of the foundation structure, such that the conductor extension may penetrate shallower, deeper or the same length as the skirt of the foundation structure, respectively.
The connection arrangement can be configured to either releasably connect the conductor housing directly to the foundation assembly or, to releasably connect the conductor housing to the foundation assembly indirectly via the conductor extension during the installation. After installation, the connection assembly is released such that the conductor housing is allowed to move parallel along a longitudinal direction of a through-going opening of the conductor housing.
The system may further comprise a fluid-tight cap covering a cross section of the conductor housing. The conductor housing can be arranged inside a periphery of a suction anchor. The fluid-tight cap is in this embodiment necessary in order to create a closed volume as, in this particular embodiment, there is no conductor extension or guide pipe extending into the seabed/soil.
The conductor housing (without conductor extension) is connected to the foundation structure utilizing the connection arrangement and may have one or more seals seal between the subsea foundation and the conductor housing during installation. In addition, the fluid-tight cap covers the cross section of a through-going opening of the conductor housing during installation. Thus, the foundation structure, seal(s), conductor housing and cap form a closed volume inside the foundation structure. After installation, the fluid-tight cap is removed, and the connection arrangement is released or releases upon forces from well-growth. The seal(s) stays in place and are not removed.
The system may further comprise a guide pipe fixedly connected to the foundation assembly, and the conductor housing may be arranged radially inside the guide pipe.
The guide pipe can be a so-called tailpipe. The guide pipe forms an integral part of the foundation assembly in all operational positions, i.e. both during installation and after installation, and follows any movement of the foundation assembly. The conductor housing is in this embodiment fixedly connected inside the guide pipe via the connection arrangement during installation, but is disconnected from the guide pipe after installation.
The guide pipe is normally cemented to the soil or seabed. In order to achieve this without cementing the conductor housing (and possible conductor extension connected to the conductor housing) to the guide pipe, a cementing operation may be followed by a wash-out of the annulus between the guide pipe and the conductor housing (and possible conductor extension). Then it is achieved that the conductor housing is allowed to move parallel along a longitudinal direction of a through-going opening of the conductor housing.
A length of the guide pipe can be shorter, longer or identical to a length of the skirt of the foundation structure, such that the guide pipe may penetrate shallower, deeper or the same length as the skirt of the foundation structure, respectively.
The system may further comprise a conductor housing with extension, and the conductor extension can be fixedly connected to the conductor housing.
Alternatively, the conductor housing may be provided without conductor extension. However, in both alternatives, the conductor housing is fixedly connected inside the guide pipe via the connection arrangement during installation, but is disconnected from the guide pipe after installation.
In an aspect, when the foundation structure is a suction anchor, the conductor housing can be arranged inside a periphery of the of the suction anchor.
In other words, the conductor housing is arranged inside an inner volume of the suction anchor.
This provides a closed volume inside the suction anchor.
The connection arrangement may comprise a safety device configured to fail when subjected to a force above a predetermined force thereby releasing the conductor housing from the fixed connection relative the foundation assembly.
The safety device may comprise shear pin, shear bolt, rupture disc, etc.
The safety device may be such that it provides a force sufficient to fixate the conductor housing preventing relative movement relative the foundation assembly when subjected to the relatively low forces experienced during installation. Furthermore, once the subsea system has been installed subsea, the safety device is configured to fail when subjected to forces above the predetermined force. Such predetermined forces may include, but are not limited to, well growth. Thereby the conductor housing is released or disconnected from the fixation relative the foundation assembly allowing parallel movement between the conductor housing and the foundation assembly.
The connection arrangement may comprise a lock operable by an ROV after installation of the subsea system.
The lock may e.g. be a mechanical lock such as a clamp or similar configuration configured to clamp the conductor housing relative the foundation assembly, which lock comprises a ROV friendly or ROV manipulatable interface rendering it possible to release or disconnect the lock using a ROV.
In an aspect, when the foundation structure is a suction anchor, the system may further comprise a pump arrangement comprising at least one pump configured to create an underpressure in an inner volume formed by a surface of a seabed, a side portion of the suction anchor and a top portion of the suction anchor relative the surrounding pressure during installation.
The pump arrangement assists in forcing the suction anchor downwards in the soil during installation. The term underpressure is to be understood as a reduced pressure relative the pressure when not using the at least one pump, and may also be denoted depression or negative pressure.
More than one pump may be provided. It is possible to provide dedicated pumps on each suction anchor or, in case of more than one suction anchor, a common pump for all suction anchors.
The pump may be arranged on a skid or form part of a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV).
In an aspect, when the foundation structure is a suction anchor, the conductor housing can be arranged radially outside a periphery of the suction anchor.
The conductor housing(s) can be arranged adjacent the outer periphery of the suction anchor or alternatively at a radial distance from the suction anchor.
In one aspect one foundation assembly may be connected to a number of conductor housings via a plurality of connection arrangements or one common connection arrangement.
All conductor housings can be arranged inside an outer periphery of a single suction anchor. Alternatively, all conductor housings can be arranged outside an outer periphery of a single suction anchor. Alternatively, at least one of the conductor housings can be arranged inside an outer periphery of a single suction anchor and the remaining conductor housings can be arranged outside the outer periphery of a single suction anchor.
Alternatively, at least one of the conductor housings can be arranged outside an outer periphery of a single suction anchor and the remaining conductor housings can be arranged inside the outer periphery of a single suction anchor.
A method of installing a subsea support system is further described, wherein the subsea support system comprises:
Normally, after installation of the subsea wellhead support system, a center axis of the through-going opening of the conductor housing extends vertically. Therefore, the conductor housing moves up and down in a vertical direction.
The step of releasing the connection arrangement may comprise operating a Remotely Operated Vehicle to release the conductor housing from the foundation assembly.
The step of releasably connecting the conductor housing to the foundation assembly may comprise selecting a connection force of the connection arrangement which is above a maximum expected force occurring during the installation and below a median of expected force of a well-growth during production of a well extending through the conductor housing.
The conductor housing is itself supported, at least sideways (e.g. horizontally), by the foundation structure.
The connection arrangement may comprise shear element(s) which break at predetermined shear forces, and the method may comprise selecting type and/or number of shear element(s) based on said maximum expected installation forces and median expected well-growth forces.
For well abandonment, it will be possible after removing the locking ring, to remove the suction anchor or foundation structure from the rest of the well, thereby removing that part of the foundation structure positioned on the seabed, as the conductor housing and the well is not fixedly attached to the suction anchor or the foundation as such.
These and other characteristics of the invention will be apparent from the enclosed drawings, wherein;
In the following, embodiments of the invention will be discussed in more detail with reference to the appended drawings. It should be understood, however, that the drawings are not intended to limit the invention to the subject-matter depicted in the drawings. Furthermore, even if some of the features are described in relation to the subsea wellhead support system only, it is apparent that they are valid for the related method as well, and vice versa. Hence, any features described in relation to the method only are also valid for the subsea wellhead support system.
It is clear that the subsea wellhead support system may comprise additional elements not mentioned specifically or disclosed in the figures.
The suction anchors would be equipped with standard equipment for setting suction anchor, for example suction pumps, installation hatch for water displacement. These features will be known to the skilled person and will not be further described herein.
A pump arrangement 6 comprising one or more pumps may be arranged in an upper part of the suction anchor 2′ in order to provide for the possibility of sucking fluids from an inside of the suction anchor 2′ to an outside of the suction anchor 2′ thereby creating negative pressure inside the suction anchor 2′ relative to the outside of the suction anchor thus assisting in penetration of the suction anchor 2′ into the soil. The suction anchor 2′ comprises sidewalls (i.e. “skirt) and top cover with an opening fit for receiving conductor housing 3′ etc.
During installation of the system of
Contrary to the system of
After installation (and any cementing operation(s)), the contingency lock 10 is removed. This may be performed using ROV or other suitable means. The weak link(s) 9 are dimensioned such that they tear off when subject to forces created by well growth.
The invention is now explained with reference to non-limiting embodiments. However, a skilled person will understand that there may be made alternations and modifications to the embodiment that are within the scope of the invention as defined in the attached claims.
2′
3′
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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20191016 | Aug 2019 | NO | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2020/073010 | 8/17/2020 | WO |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
WO2021/032686 | 2/25/2021 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
8950500 | Lieske, II | Feb 2015 | B2 |
11041372 | Ellingsen | Jun 2021 | B2 |
20160333641 | Ellison | Nov 2016 | A1 |
20170130547 | Bhatnagar | May 2017 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
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110199085 | Sep 2019 | CN |
2560931 | Oct 2018 | GB |
2566288 | Mar 2019 | GB |
2569969 | Jul 2019 | GB |
301555 | Nov 1997 | NO |
331978 | May 2012 | NO |
WO 2017079627 | May 2017 | WO |
WO 2017155415 | Sep 2017 | WO |
WO 2018009077 | Jan 2018 | WO |
WO 2018056834 | Mar 2018 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20220341274 A1 | Oct 2022 | US |