Patent Application
20120058340
The present invention relates to a sintered machine part produced by powder metallurgy in which raw material mainly consisting of metal powder is filled in a die hole and is compressed by an upper punch and a lower punch, and a compact is compacted (the so-called “pressing method”). In particular, it relates to a substantially cylindrical compact in which a cross sectional shape is substantially circular, and a die assembly which can compact such a compact at high density.
Since the above production method of the sintered machine part by powder metallurgy is characterized in that (1) a near-net shape can be formed, (2) it is suitable for mass production, (3) special materials, which cannot be made of ingot material, can be produced, or the like, it can be applied to machine parts for automobiles and machine parts for various industries.
As an example in which especially characteristic (3) of the above characteristics is utilized, a powder magnetic core used for an iron core such as an ignition coil, etc., may be mentioned (Patent Publications 1 to 3, etc.). Generally, the powder magnetic core is produced by forming an insulation coat on the surface of soft magnetic powder such as iron powder, compressing a mixed powder in which a small amount of resin powder is added thereto, and carrying out heat treatment. Such a powder magnetic core has a characteristic in which eddy current loss is small, since eddy current generated arises during use is contained inside of the soft magnetic powder by an insulation coat and resin which covers the surface of the soft magnetic powder, because of a high specific resistance value.
A laminated silicon steel plate is used for the iron core, etc., so far. The laminated silicon steel plate is produced by stacking plural silicon steel plates inserting insulating firms between the silicon steel plates. The silicon steel plate contains silicon for improving electric resistance, and has a isotropic crystal direction which is easily magnetized by arranging to a rolling direction. Therefore, the laminated silicon steel plate has a high specific resistance value and small eddy current loss, and is widely used as an iron core. However, since the silicon steel plate is hard and is poor in formability, a target shape is stacked by laminating silicon steel plates blanked as a piece. Therefore, the laminated silicon steel plate has a problem in that efficiency of productivity is low. With regard to this point, since the powder magnetic core has the above characteristics (1) and (2), it is used instead of the laminated silicon steel plate.
The iron core for an ignition coil is inserted into a primary coil and a secondary coil. It is known that magnetic property is maximally exhibited when there is no gap between these coils and the iron core. Therefore, the most suitable shape of the iron core is a simple cylinder in which a cross section is circular having an outer diameter in proportion to an inner diameter of the coil.
In the case in which the raw material powder is compressed into the simple cylinder, as shown in
However, when this method is used, a phenomenon in which density of an upper end portion and a lower end portion (both ends in an axial direction) in the compact 1 is higher than the density of a center portion b and the density of the center portion b is decreased, that is, a so-called neutral zone is generated at a center portion in a compressing direction. The neutral zone is generated due to the following reason. The powder compressed by the upper punch 3 and the lower punch 4 is rearranged by sliding at a powder surface due to pressure, and is refined by plastically deforming. However, pressure applied by the upper punch 3 and the lower punch 4 is transmitted from an end portion a to a center portion b, while being consumed by rearrangement and plastic deformation. Therefore, pressure applied to the raw material powder decays, as distance between the compact 1 and the end surface 10 is increased.
In the case in which length of the compact in a compressing direction to a compressed surface is long, generation of the neutral zone is not avoided, and it is difficult to eliminate the neutral zone, even if the pressure applied by the upper punch and the lower punch is increased. In the above powder magnetic core for an iron core, when a neutral zone having low density is generated, magnetic properties are deteriorated depending on the generation, since in particular, magnetic flux density is proportional to space factor of the soft magnetic powder.
Therefore, when a substantially cylindrical compact which is long in an axial direction is compressed, a method in which powder is compressed in a radial direction crossing an axial direction of the compact at right angles, is proposed (Patent Publications 4 and 5, etc.). The publications describe that according to this method, distance in a compressing direction is short, and an entire side surface is pressed by the upper punch and the lower punch. Therefore, a compact in which the neutral zone is not generated, density is uniform in a longitudinal direction and is high, can be produced.
Patent Publication 1 is Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H03-238805.
Patent Publication 2 is Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2006-278499 (claim 8).
Patent Publication 3 is Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008453611.
Patent Publication 4 is Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H03-013281.
Patent Publication 5 is Japanese Examined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-240060.
In the compressing method described in the above patent publications 4 and 5, as shown in
In order to overcome this problem, flat portions 33,43 having a given width is provided, so as to improve both surface portions in a width direction that are thin. In addition, in order to prevent these flat portions 33,43 from damage due to contact with each other, the flat portions 33,43 are separated to some extent even in a condition in which powder is completely compressed. Therefore, a flange portion 13 (shaded area in
That is, in the compressing methods described in the above patent publications 4 and 5, since it is necessary to remove the flange portion 13 by machining, production cost is increased, and raw material to be removed is wasted. Therefore, it is considered that it is used for an iron core of an ignition coil, while the flange portion 13 is left. However, in this case, since the flange portion 13 protrudes from a side surface, a gap between the iron core and the coil is necessarily increased, and magnetic properties are deteriorated in proportion to the increase.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a substantially cylindrical powder compact in which machining is unnecessary and a cross section shape of the compact intact approximates a circle. Specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a compact having a volume ratio to cylinder in which a target cross sectional shape is a circle (base circle) of 0.95 or more. In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a die assembly which compacts the above powder compact having such shape.
The substantially cylindrical powder compact of the present invention is a powder compact having a substantially cylindrical shape in which a cross sectional outer shape contacts with an inside of a base circle having a substantially circular shape in which a shaft center of the circular shape agrees with the center of the circle. The cross sectional outer shape is constructed by at least a pair of side edge portions, an upper arc surface and a lower arc surface. The side edge portions are formed on both sides which separate about 180° in a circumferential direction from each other and extend inside from the base circle. The upper arc surface connects between inside edges of these side edge portions and contacts with an inside of the base circle at at least a top portion. And the lower arc surface connects between outside edges of these side edge portions and contacts with an inside of the base circle at at least a bottom portion. The powder compact further includes a curved surface portion and a chamfer portion on both edges in a longitudinal direction of the powder compact. The curved surface portion is concavely curved from each the side edge portion to the end surface and continues to the end surfaces. The chamfer portion planes the edge and gradually narrows from each of the end surface to the side surface. Here, in the present invention, in the case in which each top portion of the cross sectional shape is located so that distance from the base circle is 0 to −0.5 mm, it is considered that the compact contacts with an inside of the base circle.
The powder compact of the present invention includes an aspect in which a side flat portion that continues perpendicularly to the side edge portion is formed on the side surface.
In addition, the powder compact of the present invention includes an aspect in which the lower arc surface in the cross sectional outside shape is formed by a center lower arc surface which agrees with the base circle, and side lower arc surfaces which are formed on both sides of the center lower arc surface by way of steps formed between the center lower arc surface and the side lower arc surface.
Additionally, the powder compact of the present invention includes an example in which a width of the side edge portion is 0.1 to 0.5 mm, the curved surface portion has at least an arc surface, an elliptical arc surface, a plane, or a combined surface of these surface, a length of the curved surface portion is 1 to 5 mm, a rising width from the side edge portion is 1 to 5 mm, a length of the chamfer portion is a length of the curved surface portion or more, and is longer by 2 mm or less than the length of the curved surface portion, and a projection image of the curved surface portion to the end surface does not protrude outside from the base circle.
Furthermore, the powder compact of the present invention includes an example in which height of the side flat portion is greater than 0 mm but is 2 mm or less, or an example in which width of the center lower arc surface is 40 to 80% of a diameter of the base circle and a height of the step is greater than 0 mm but is 1 mm or less.
The die assembly for compacting powder of the present invention in which the powder compact of the above present invention can be preferably produced, and in which a powder compact having substantially cylindrical shape is compressed in a direction crossing an axial direction at right angles. The die assembly for compacting powder includes a die, a lower punch and an upper punch. The die has a die hole penetrated in a vertical direction. The die hole has a plane view of substantially rectangular, and includes a step portion, a large width portion, a small width portion and a curved portion. The step portion is formed at an intermediate in a vertical direction, and a cross sectional shape thereof is a concave arc which approximates a base circle in which a shaft center of the compact agrees with the center of the circle. The large width portion is formed on an upside of the step portion, and dimension in a width direction thereof is relatively large. The small width portion is formed on a downside of the step portion, and dimension in a width direction thereof is smaller than that of the large width portion. And the curved portion is formed on both sides in a longitudinal direction, and width thereof gradually narrows as the end surface is closed. The lower punch is slidably inserted into the small width portion of the die hole, and a concave arc lower punch surface having a cross sectional shape in a width direction which approximates the base circle is formed on an upper end surface thereof. And the upper punch is slidably inserted into the large width portion of the die hole, and a concave arc upper punch surface having a cross sectional shape in a width direction which agrees or approximates the base circle is formed on a lower end surface thereof. The upper punch includes a flat portion, a curved surface, and a curved surface portion. The flat portion is formed on both end portions in a width direction of the lower end surface, and extends in a longitudinal direction crossing a vertical direction at right angles. The curved surface is formed on both end portions in a longitudinal direction, and height thereof is gradually decreased while curving from a lower end surface side between the flat portion and the end surface. The curved surface portion corresponds to the curved surface of the die.
Additionally, the die assembly of the present invention includes an aspect in which width of the flat portion is 0.1 to 0.5 mm, the curved surface has at least an arc surface, an elliptical arc surface, a plane, or a combined surface of these surface, length of the curved surface portion is 1 to 5 mm, rising width from the flat portion is 1 to 5 mm, length of the curved surface portion is length of the curved surface or more, and is longer by 2 mm or less than the length of the curved surface, and a projection image of the curved surface to the end surface does not protrude outside from the base circle.
According to the substantially cylindrical powder compact of the present invention, since volume ratio of a cross section shape of the compact intact to a cylinder in which a target cross sectional shape is a circle (base circle) is 0.95 or more, machining is unnecessary, and production cost is prevented from increasing, and there is no waste of material, and for example, in the case in which it is applied to a powder magnetic core used for an iron core of an ignition coil, a gap between a circular coil and the iron core is minimized, and therefore, magnetic properties of the iron core can be maximally exhibited.
In the following, embodiments of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings.
First, the experimentation used to achieve this invention will be explained.
A powder die assembly first investigated is shown in
A lower punch surface 42 in which a cross section is a simple concave arc shape corresponding to the base circle P is formed on an upper surface of the lower punch 4. In compressing, the lower punch 4 is inserted into the small width portion 24b of the die hole 21 so that the lower punch surface 42 reaches a compressing position corresponding concentrically to the step portion 22.
An upper punch surface 31 in a concave arc shape that approximates the base circle P is formed on a lower surface of the upper punch 3. A flat portion 35 in which a longitudinal direction extends so as to cross with a vertical direction at right angles is formed at both side portions in a width direction of this upper punch surface 31. That is, the upper punch surface 31 is composed of a main upper punch arc surface 31a and the flat portion 35 which extends to both sides of the upper punch arc surface 31a. The flat portion 35 extends inside from the base circle P, and therefore, the upper punch arc surface 31a has a slightly smaller diameter than that of the base circle P. In compressing, the upper punch 3 is inserted into the large width portion 24a of the die hole 21, so as to have a flat surface 24 (a lower edge portion of the large width portion) between flat portions 38 at both sides and an upper edge of the step portion 22 and reaches a compressing position in which a top portion thereof overlaps with a top portion of the base circle P.
In order to obtain the compact by using the die assembly having the above composition, first the lower punch 4 inserted into the small width portion 24b of the die hole 21 of the die 2 is stopped at a slightly lower position than the above compressing position, and a suitable amount of raw material powder is filled in cavity of the die hole 21 opened upward. Next, the lower punch 4 is lifted to the above compressing position, the upper punch 3 is downwardly moved to the above compressing position, and the raw material powder is compressed by the upper punch 3 and the lower punch 4. After the compression, the upper punch 3 is upwardly removed, and the compact is ejected from the die by lifting the lower punch 4.
The compact 1A obtained by the above manner agrees with the base circle P, as described in
This compact 1A has the following advantages. First, since the side edges 15 extend to an inside of the base circle P, volume ratio of the compact 1A to a cylinder in which a cross section is the basic circle P is slightly decreased. However, a cross section of the compact 1A is approximate to the base circle P, that is, the volume ratio is high. Additionally, in the lower punch 4, it is not necessary to form the flat portions 43 on both sides as the lower punch 4 shown in
Magnetic properties are improved in proportion to space factor of soft magnetic powder by a powder magnetic core for an iron core, and therefore, compacts having high density can be produced by increasing compacting pressure. When compressing is actually carried out by using the above die assembly in such circumstances, corners 39 (shown in
The present invention has been made by considering the above experimentation, and in the following, a compact and a die assembly according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be explained.
According to the compact 1B of the first embodiment, the problem in which the corners 39 in the upper punch 3 are chipped, found in the course of experimentation, is solved by removing the conventional flange portions 13 and by adding new improvement, based on the technical idea of the compact 1A in the above course of experimentation, the new improvement is added. That is, the follow matters are the same as those of the compact 1A of the above course of experimentation.
Here, in the present invention, in the case in which each top portion of the cross sectional shape is located so that distance from the base circle is 0 to −0.5 mm, it is considered that the compact contacts with an inside of the base circle. That is, generation of dimensional error is unavoidable in industrial production; however, when the cross section protrudes from the base circle (that is, the distance is +), it can be received to a hollow portion of target coil, and in contrast, when the cross section is too small in comparison with the base circle, loss is increased by spreading a gap between the cross section and the base circle and magnetic properties are deteriorated by decreasing a volume of the magnetic core.
In the first embodiment, the following requirements are further added.
The above requirement (5) is a requirement for solving the problem in which the corners 39 of the upper punch 3 are chipped, and the curved surface 15a of the compact 1B is formed by a curved surface 35a (shown in
Next, the above requirement (6) is necessary to make the shape of the end surface 10 in the compact 1B agree with the above requirement (1), in addition to the above requirement (5). The chamfer portion 16 of the compact 1B is formed by curved surface portion 26 of the die hole 21, as shown in
Moreover, in the case in which only the above requirement (5) is applied but the above requirement (6) is not applied, the problem about the chip of the upper punch 3 is solved, since in the upper punch 3, the corners 39 shown in
The side edge 15 formed in the compact 1B of the above requirement (5) is formed by the flat portion 35 of the upper punch 3, and it is formed in order to prevent breaking the upper punch 3. From this point of view, it is preferable that width t of the side edge 15 (shown in
Next, the curved surface 15a in the compact 1B of the above requirement (5) is formed by the curved surface 35a in the upper punch 3, in order to prevent chipping the corner 39 of the punch 3. In order to avoid the concentration of stress, it is preferable that this curved surface 35a of the upper punch 3 be shaped to be a concave arc surface or ellipse arc surface which continues to the flat portion 35 of the upper punch 3, and the curved surface 35a may be formed by smoothly continuing several arcs or elliptical arcs. Since the concentration of stress cannot be alleviated when the curved surface 35a in the upper punch 3 formed by arc having radius r1 is too short, as shown in
In addition, since distance of the chamfer portion 16 in the compact 1B d4 from the end surface 10 of the above requirement (6), is formed by corresponding to the curved surface 15a in the compact 1B, as shown in
Additionally, when the curved surface 35a of the upper punch 3 and the end surface 30 of the upper punch 3 are continued by an arc or an elliptical arc, raw material powder is hardly pressed near the end surface 30, and therefore, it is preferable that they be continued by a flat portion 35b which is parallel to the flat portion 35 and is relatively short, as shown in
Next, in order to prevent shape of the end surface 10 from protruding outside of the base circle P, the chamfer portion 16 of the above requirement (6) is formed by forming the curved surface 15a in the compact 1B, as described above. Thus, distance d4 of the chamfer portion 16 from the end surface 10 (shown in
In addition, the curved surface 15a of the compact 1B is continued to the end surface 10 so that the height is gradually increased from the side edge 15. The ratio of protrusion of the curved surface 15a from the base circle P is decided in proportion to the height of the curved surface 15a. Therefore, decreased ratio d5 of a width of each portion in the chamfer portion 16 (shown in
The chamfer portion 16 of the compact 1B formed in the above manner is formed by a curved surface portion 26 of the die hole 21 in the die 2 and a curved surface portion 36 of the upper punch 3, and as a result, distance d4 of the curved surface portion 26 in the die 2 and the curved surface portion 36 of the upper punch 3, and decreased ratio d5 of these curved surface portions 26,36 (shown in
In the compact 1B of the present embodiment, the side edge 15 agrees with a horizontal surface which passes through the shaft center, and it is ideal when an upper arc surface 11 and a lower arc surface 13 are divided into equal parts by this horizontal surface. However, the flat portion 35 of the upper punch 3 is easily chipped, when the flat portion 35 of the upper punch 3 and the step portion 22 of the die 2 contact. Therefore, it is preferable that compressing be carried out while the flat portion 35 of the upper punch 3 and the step portion 22 of the die 2 are separated. In the case in which the compacting is carried out in the above manner, the above side flat portion 14 is formed in the compact 1B. However, this is unavoidable.
Moreover, it is necessary that this side flat portion 14 be located inside of the base circle P as a string of the base circle P, as shown in
When width L of the lower punch 4 slidably inserted into the small width portion 24b of the die 2 (shown in
In the compact 1B of the above embodiment, for example, a volume of the compact 1B having a diameter of 10 mm, a total length of 80 mm, a height of the side flat portion of 1 mm, and a width of the side edge 15 of 0.2 mm, in which the curved surface portion 15a is formed by an arc having a radius of 3 mm, distance d2 of the curved surface portion 15a is 3 mm, and height d2 of the curved surface portion 15a is 2 mm, is 6192 mm3. In contrast, a volume of a target cylinder having a diameter of 10 mm, a total length of 80 mm, in which cross section is the base circle P, is 6283 mm3. Therefore, in the compact 1B of the present embodiment, a volume ratio to the target cylinder is 0.986 and is high.
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention, based on the above first embodiment, will be explained.
In the compact 1B of the above first embodiment, a lower arc surface 12 is formed by a step portion 22 of die 2 and a lower punch surface 42 of a lower punch 4; however, in assembling a die assembly, it is difficult to make the step portion 22 and the lower punch surface 42 of the die 2 perfectly agree. Therefore, the die assembly may be assembled by changing a shape of the step portion 22 of the die 2 at a position which shifts to a small width portion 24b of a die hole 21, to an arc surface having a smaller diameter than that of the base circle P, as shown in
When the die assembly is assembled in the above manner, error in assembling the die 2 and the lower punch 4 can be absorbed by a step t3, and it is easily assembled. However, when the step t3 is provided, volume of the compact is decreased in proportion to the step, and therefore, the step t3 is preferably greater than 0 mm but is 3 mm or less, and it is more preferably greater than 0 mm but is 0.5 mm or less.
In addition, the lower punch 4 is hardly damaged, since a corner portion formed by the lower punch surface 42 and the side surface 44 is not sharpen. However, when the compressing pressure is increased, there is fear that the chip occurs. Therefore, it is preferable that a plane 47a is provided in the corner portion, as shown in
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention, based on the above first embodiment, will be explained.
In the compact 1 of the first embodiment, when an end surface 10 and an upper arc surface 11 continue by a curved surface 11a in a smooth convex shape, as shown in
In a compact 1D of this third embodiment, volume of a compact which forms a smooth curved surface 11a having radius of 1 mm is 6188 mm3, and volume ratio to volume (6283 mm3) of a target cylinder is 0.985 and is high. In addition, in the compact 1C of the above second embodiment, a volume of a compact that forms a smooth curved surface 11a having a radius of 1 mm is 6142 mm3, and a volume ratio to volume (6283 mm3) of a target cylinder is 0.977 and is high.
According to the present invention, a substantially cylindrical powder compact, in which there is no neutral zone, machining is unnecessary, and a cross section shape of the compact intact approximates a circle, can be provided, and as a result, such powder compacts can be produced at low cost. Therefore, the powder compact of the present invention is preferably applied to various cylindrical parts, in particular, a powder magnetic core for an iron core.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009-116504 | May 2009 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2010/058027 | 5/12/2010 | WO | 00 | 11/14/2011 |
