Patent Application
20230167103
The present invention covers substituted aminothiazole compounds of general formula (I) as described and defined herein, methods of preparing said compounds, intermediate compounds useful for preparing said compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and combinations comprising said compounds, and the use of said compounds for manufacturing pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular of diacylglycerol kinase zeta (DGKzeta, DGKζ) regulated disorders, as a sole agent or in combination with other active ingredients.
The compounds of general formula (I) inhibit DGKζ and, by this, enhance T cell mediated immune response. This is a new strategy to use the patient's own immune system to overcome immunoevasive strategies utilized by many neoplastic disorders, respectively cancer and by this enhancing anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, said compounds are used in particular to treat disorders such as viral infections or conditions with dysregulated immune responses or other disorders associated with aberrant DGKζ signaling.
The present invention further relates to the use of the compounds of general formula (I) for manufacturing pharmaceutical compositions for enhancement of T cell mediated immune response.
The present invention further relates to the use of the compounds of general formula (I) for manufacturing pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of cancer.
The present invention further relates to the use of the compounds of general formula (I) for manufacturing pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment or prophylaxis of virus infections, lymphoproliferative disorders, asthma, eye diseases, and type 2 diabetes insulin resistance.
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) represent a family of enzymes that catalyze phosphorylation of the membrane lipid sn-1,2 diacylglycerol (DAG) to form phosphatidic acid (PA) (T. O. Eichmann and A. Lass, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2015, 72, 3931-3952). In T cells, DAG is formed downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR) after activation of the gamma 1 isoform of phospholipase C (PLCγ1) and cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2) into DAG and an additional second messenger, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) (S. Krishna and X.-P. Zhong, Front. Immunol. 2013, 4, 178). Whereas, IP3 is important in facilitating release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum, DAG interacts with other proteins important in TCR signal transduction, such as Protein kinase Cθ (E. J. Quann et al., Nat. Immunol. 2011, 12 (7), 647-654) and the Ras activating protein RasGRP1 (S. Krishna and X.-P. Zhong, Front. Immunol. 2013, 4, 178). Although, three isoforms of DGK are known to be present within T cells [DGKα (DGKalpha), DGKζ (DGKdelta), and DGKζ (DGKzeta)], only two, DGKα and DGKζ, are thought to play an important role in facilitating DAG metabolism downstream of the TCR (R. P. Joshi and G. A. Koretzky, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14 (4), 6649-6673).
Targeting the activity of DGKζ in T cells, either by germline deletion, or with chemical inhibitors, results in enhanced and sustained signaling downstream of T cells, as assessed by prolonged phosphorylation of downstream molecules, such as extracellular signal-related kinases 12 (ERK12) and NFκB (X.-P.-Zhong et al., Nat. Immunol. 2003, 4, 882-890; B. A. Olenchock et al., Nat. Immunol. 2006, 7 (11), 1174-1181; M. J. Riese et al., J. Biol. Chem. 2011, 286, 5254-5265; E. M. Wesley et al., ImmunoHorizons 2018, 2 (4), 107-118).
Deletion of DGKζ in T cells leads to enhanced production of effector cytokines, such as 1L2, IFNγ and enhanced proliferation (X.-P. Zhong et al., Nat. Immunol. 2003, 4, 882-890; B. A. Olenchock et al., Nat. Immunol. 2006, 7 (11), 1174-1181, E. M. Riese et al., J. Biol. Chem. 2011, 286, 5254-5264).
Adoptive transfer of DGKζ deficient T cell reduced leukaemia burden after inoculation of C1498.SIY leukaemia cells compared to control. Also, DGKζ deficient T cells are at least partially resistant to PD1 mediated inhibitory signals (W. Jing et al., Cancer Res. 2017, 77 (20), 5676-5686). In addition, DGKζ deficient mice have reduced tumor sizes compared to control after orthotopic tumor injection of a pancreatic tumor model (E. M. Wesley et al., ImmunoHorizons, 2018, 2 (4), 107-118). Also, S. Wee et al. inoculated C57BL6 mice with a variety of syngeneic tumor cell lines—MC38 colon carcinoma, B16F1 melanoma, and C1498 leukemia—and analysed survival and tumor growth between mice deficient in DGKζ in the presence or absence of anti-PD1 treatment. DGKζ−− mice suppressed growth of subcutaneously implanted tumor cells in the three model systems and the combination of DGKζ-deficiency and anti-PD1 was additive in tumor control (S. Wee et al., Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; Cancer Res. 2019, 79 (13 Suppl): Abstract nr 936).
These findings suggest that DGKζ might serve as a useful target for enhancing T cell anti-tumor activity.
Additionally, the adoptive transfer of CAR (chimeric antigen receptor)-T cells deficient in DGKζ demonstrated increased efficacy compared to wild type CAR T cells in the treatment of murine mesothelioma (M. J. Riese et al., Cancer Res. 2013, 73 (12), 3566-3577) and a glioblastoma xenograft mouse model in combination with DGKα knockout (I.-Y. Jung et al., Cancer Res. 2018, 78 (16), 4692-4703).
Also, DGKζ-deficient mice mounted a more robust immune response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection than did wild-type mice (X.-P. Zhong et al., Nat. Immunol. 2003, 4, 882-890).
DGKζ is also relevant in natural killer (NK) cells. Upon stimulation through multiple activating receptors, NK cells from mice lacking DGKζ display increased cytokine production and degranulation in an ERK-dependent manner. Additionally, they have improved cytotoxic functions against tumor cell lines. (E. Yang et al. J. Immunol. 2016, 197(3), 934-41.)
Apart from immune-cell regulation, DGKζ also plays a role in cancer, mediating numerous aspects of cancer cell progression including proliferation, apoptosis, survival, invasion and tumorigenicity, e.g. in osteosarcoma, colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, glioma and leukemia models (W. Yu et al., Front. Oncol. 2019, 8:655; K. Cai et al., BMC Cancer 2014, 14:208; J. Diao et al., Mol. Neurobiol. 2016; 53, 5425-35; H. Li et al. Pharmazie 2019, 74(7): 418-422).
In addition, DGKζ knock-out diminished both airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice and also reduced bronchoconstriction of human airway samples in vitro by blocking T helper 2 (TH2) differentiation (B. A. Singh et al., Sci. Signal. 2019, 12: eaax3332).
Taken together, the findings from these studies argue that restraining DGKζ activity in T cells and tumor cells may prove valuable in generating more vigorous immune responses against pathogens and tumors and in ameliorating Th2 driven (auto-) immune diseases (in re-balancing the immune-system).
Furthermore, inhibition of DGKα a has the potential to reverse the life-threatening Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) -associated immunopathology that occurs in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP-1) patients (E. Ruffo et al., Sci. Transl. Med. 2016, 8: (321):321ra7; S. Velnati et al., Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 164, 378-390). Based on the underlying mode of action, it can be assumed that inhibition of DGKζ would have a similar effect.
The DGKα-inhibitor II (R59949) could suppress retinal neovascularization and protect retinal astrocytes in an Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Model (L. Yang et al., J. Mol. Neurosci. 2015, 56, 78-88). Also, based on the underlying mode of action, it can be assumed that inhibition of DGKζ would have a similar effect.
In a DGkζ knock-out mouse it was shown that DGKζ deficiency increases protection against insulin resistance (B. Benziane et al., J. Lipid Res. 2017, 58 (12), 2324-2333).
In summary, inhibiting DGKζ activity has a therapeutic potential in targeting tumors directly as well as addressing virus infections, lymphoproliferative disorders, asthma, eye diseases, and type 2 diabetes insulin resistance.
WO2020006016 and WO2020006018 describe Naphthyridinone compounds as T cell activators, which inhibit the activity of DGKα and/or DGKζ; for treatment of viral infections and proliferative disorders, such as cancer. WO2021041588 describes pyridopyrimidinonyl compounds as T cell activators, which inhibit the activity of DGKα and/or DGKζ, for treatment of viral infections and proliferative disorders, such as cancer.
2,4,5-trisubstituted triazole derivatives featuring a substituted amino group attached to C-2 of the thiazole core have been disclosed in published patent applications in various technical contexts but not in the context of DGK inhibition.
WO 2014181287 discloses heterocyclyl compounds as inhibitors of Interleukin 17 and Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha.
WO 2014173904 discloses compounds having antibacterial activity.
WO 2009149054 discloses small molecule inhibitors for the treatment or prevention of Dengue fever infection.
WO 2007130075 discloses aminothiazole derivatives as human stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitors.
WO 2012064715 discloses compositions and methods relating to heat shock transcription factor activating compounds and targets thereof.
WO 2005103022 discloses substituted thiazole and pyrimidine derivatives as melanocortin receptor modulators.
CN 106109467 discloses the medical application of aromatic compounds, including thiazoles, in treating pyrazinamide-resistant tuberculosis.
WO 2015199206 discloses compounds derived from a six-membered ring as TRPV4 inhibitors.
WO 2015046193 discloses aromatic heterocyclic amine derivatives as TRPV4 inhibitors.
CN 103159695 discloses thiazole compounds capable of restraining human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus replication and effective against drug-resistant HIV virus strains.
WO 2013056684 discloses thiazole derivatives as dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors.
WO 2013033037 discloses compounds of various chemotypes, inter alia thiazole derivatives, as antiprion compounds.
WO 2012075393 discloses compounds of various chemotypes, inter alia thiazole derivatives, as activators of proteasomal degradation.
JP 2011032254 discloses compounds of various chemotypes, inter alia thiazole derivatives, as pest controlling agents.
WO 2009041790 discloses 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazole derivatives as inhibitors of the sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) receptor for treatment of inflammatory diseases.
WO 2008090382 discloses thiazole and oxazole derivatives for use in the treatment of prion diseases, cancer, and conditions of the central nervous system as well as in the regulation of stem cells.
WO 2007022415 discloses substituted 2-aminothiazoles for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
WO 2006122011 discloses thiazole compounds and methods of use in treating viral infections, particularly hepatitis C virus infections.
WO 2006078287 discloses derivatives of various 5-membered heteroarenes, inter alia thiazoles, as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4B.
WO 2005102318, WO 2005102325, WO 2005102326, WO 2005102346, WO 2005102455, WO 2005112920, WO 2005115304, WO 2005115385 all deal with c-Kit inhibitors of various chemotypes, including 2-aminothiazole derivatives, and various uses thereof.
EP 1543824 and US 20050137239 disclose thiazole derivatives to counter glycation.
WO 2004014884 discloses thiazole derivatives as neuropeptide Y receptor ligands.
WO 2019133445 discloses aminothiazole derivatives as inhibitors of Vanin-1.
WO 2021043966 discloses substituted five-membered nitrogen containing heteroaryl compounds as inhibitors of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3).
2,4,5-trisubstituted triazole derivatives structurally related to the compounds of the present invention but yet structurally distinct have also been disclosed in several scientific publications.
D. Kikelj and U. Urleb, Science of Synthesis (2002), 11, 627-833, is a general review on the synthesis of thiazoles. By far most of the specific compounds disclosed are, besides having the thiazole core in common with the compounds of the present invention, structurally distant from 30 these. Several indivdual compounds disclosed therein, namely those disclosed on pp 651, 681-683, and 719, and including {4-methyl-2-[methyl(phenyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-5-yl}(phenyl)methanone, are somewhat structurally related to the compounds of the present invention but yet structurally distinct.
2,4,5-trisubstituted triazole derivatives structurally related to the compounds of the present invention but yet structurally distinct have also been disclosed in several journal articles.
None of the journal articles listed below, which also disclose some compounds which are somewhat structurally related to the compounds of the present invention but yet structurally distinct, disclose a therapeutic of pharmaceutical application of the compounds disclosed therein.
S. Titus et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 2014, 55, 5465-5467, disclose a four-component synthesis of 4-hydrazinothiazole derivatives.
T. N. Birkinshaw et al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1988, 2209-2212, disclose spectrometric and chemical studies on 5-acyl and 5-nitroso-2-(N,N-disubstituted amino)thiazoles.
R. A. Funnell et al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1987, 2311-2315 disclose a study on the formation of isomeric 2-(N,N-disubstituted amino) thiazol-5-yl ketones.
J. C. Brindley et al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1987, 1153-1158 disclose the conversion of N′-substituted N-acyl and N-imidoyl thioureas into 2-(N,N-disubstituted amino) thiazol-5-yl ketones.
G. D. Meakins et al., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm. 1984, 837-838, disclose a chemical reaction unexpectedly yielding 5-benzoyl-4-methyl-2-(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)thiazole.
K. Akiba et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1975, 7, 459-462, disclose the synthesis of certain 2-arylaminothiazoles by 1,3-cycloaddition of 4-aryl-3-arylimino-5-imino-1,2-4-thiadiazolidine (also known as Hector's base) and acetylenes.
Finally, three structures which are somewhat structurally related to the compounds of the present invention but yet structurally distinct, are disclosed in the database Chemical Abstracts Registry (CAS Registry®), all without a reference and without a technical application, having the CAS Registry numbers 1349635-19-3, 1349215-57-1, and 1348293-02-6.
However, the state of the art does not describe:
It is desirable to provide novel compounds having prophylactic and therapeutic properties.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds used for prophylactic and therapeutic use in DGKζ regulated disorders in a T cell immune-stimulatory or immune-modifing manner. DGKζ regulated disorders comprise conditions with dysregulated immune responses, particularly in an immunologically supressed tumor microenvironment in cancer, autoimmune diseases, viral infections as well as other disorders associated with aberrant DGKζ signalling. Said compounds can be used as sole agent or in combination with other active ingredients.
It has now been found, and this constitutes the basis of the present invention, that the compounds of the present invention have surprising and advantageous properties.
In particular, the compounds of the present invention have surprisingly been found to effectively inhibit the DGKζ protein and, by this, enhance T-cell mediated immunity. Accordingly, they provide novel structures for the treatment diseases of mammals, including humans, in particular of cancers, and may therefore be used for the treatment or prophylaxis of hyperproliferative disorders, such as cancer, for example.
In accordance with a first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of general formula (I):
in which:
wherein “*” indicates the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom to which R2 is attached;
The term “substituted” means that one or more hydrogen atoms on the designated atom or group are replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom's normal valency under the existing circumstances is not exceeded. Combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible.
The term “optionally substituted” means that the number of substituents can be equal to or different from zero. Unless otherwise indicated, it is possible that optionally substituted groups are substituted with as many optional substituents as can be accommodated by replacing a hydrogen atom with a non-hydrogen substituent on any available carbon or nitrogen atom. Commonly, it is possible for the number of optional substituents, when present, to be 1, 2, 3 or 4, in particular 1, 2 or 3.
When groups in the compounds according to the invention are substituted, it is possible for said groups to be mono-substituted or poly-substituted with substituent(s), unless otherwise specified. Within the scope of the present invention, the meanings of all groups which occur repeatedly are independent from one another. It is possible that groups in the compounds according to the invention are substituted with one, two or three identical or different substituents, particularly with one substituent.
As used herein, an oxo substituent represents an oxygen atom, which is bound to a carbon atom or to a sulfur atom via a double bond.
Should a composite substituent be composed of more than one part, e.g. (C1-C2-alkoxy)-(C1-C6-alkyl)-, it is possible for a given part to be attached at any suitable position of said composite substituent, e.g. it is possible for the C1-C2-alkoxy part to be attached to any suitable carbon atom of the C1-C6-alkyl part of said (C1-C2-alkoxy)-(C1-C6-alkyl)- group. A hyphen at the beginning or at the end of such a composite substituent indicates the point of attachment of said composite substituent to the rest of the molecule. Should a ring, comprising carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms for example, be substituted with a substituent, it is possible for said substituent to be bound at any suitable position of said ring, be it bound to a suitable carbon atom and/or to a suitable heteroatom.
The term “comprising” when used in the specification includes “consisting of”.
If within the present text any item is referred to as “as mentioned herein”, it means that it may be mentioned anywhere in the present text.
The terms as mentioned in the present text have the following meanings:
The term “halogen atom” means a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, particularly a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom. The term “C1-C6-alkyl” means a linear or branched, saturated, monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, e.g. a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tent-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1-methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, neo-pentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl or 1,3-dimethylbutyl group, or an isomer thereof. Particularly, said group has 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms (“C1-C4-alkyl”), e.g. a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl isobutyl, or tert-butyl group, more particularly 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms (“C1-C3-alkyl”), e.g. a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl group, more particularly 1 or 2 carbon atoms (“C1-C2-alkyl”), e.g. a methyl or ethyl group.
The term “C1-C4-hydroxyalkyl” means a linear or branched, saturated, monovalent hydrocarbon group in which the term “C1-C4-alkyl” is defined supra, and in which 1 or 2 hydrogen atoms are replaced with a hydroxy group, e.g. a hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 1-hydroxypropyl, 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl, 2-hydroxypropan-2-yl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl, 1-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxybutyl, 3-hydroxybutyl, 4-hydroxybutyl group, or an isomer thereof.
The term “C1-C6-haloalkyl” means a linear or branched, saturated, monovalent hydrocarbon group in which the term “C1-C6-alkyl” is as defined supra, and in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced, identically or differently, with a halogen atom. Particularly, said halogen atom is a fluorine atom. Said C1-C6-haloalkyl group is, for example, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl or 1,3-difluoropropan-2-yl.
The term “C1-C6-alkoxy” means a linear or branched, saturated, monovalent group of formula (C1-C6-alkyl)-O—, in which the term “C1-C6-alkyl” is as defined supra, e.g. a methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, isobutoxy, tent-butoxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy or n-hexyloxy group, or an isomer thereof.
The term “C1-C6-haloalkoxy” means a linear or branched, saturated, monovalent C1-C6-alkoxy group, as defined supra, in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms is replaced, identically or differently, with a halogen atom. Particularly, said halogen atom is a fluorine atom. Said C1-C6-haloalkoxy group is, for example, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy or pentafluoroethoxy.
The term “C3-C4-alkenyl” means a linear or branched, monovalent hydrocarbon group, which contains one or two double bonds, and which has 3 or 4 carbon atoms. Said alkenyl group is, for example, a prop-2-en-1-yl (or “allyl”), prop-1-en-1-yl, but-3-enyl, but-2-enyl or but-1-enyl group.
The term “C3-C4-alkynyl” means a linear or branched, monovalent hydrocarbon group which contains one triple bond, and which contains 3 or 4 carbon atoms. Said C3-C4-alkynyl group is, for example, a prop-1-ynyl, prop-2-ynyl (or “propargyl”), but-1-ynyl, but-2-ynyl or but-3-ynyl group.
The term “C3-C7-cycloalkyl” means a saturated, monovalent, monocyclic hydrocarbon ring which contains 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon ring atoms (“C3-C7-cycloalkyl”). Said C3-C7-cycloalkyl group is for example, a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl group.
The term “bicyclic C6-C11-cycloalkyl” means a spirocycloalkyl, fused C6-C10-cycloalkyl or bridged C7-C10-cycloalkyl group as defined below:
The term “fused C6-C10-cycloalkyl” means a bicyclic, saturated, monovalent hydrocarbon group, in which the two rings share two adjacent ring atoms, such as bicyclo[4.2.0]octyl, octahydropentalenyl or decalinyl.
The term “bridged C7-C10-cycloalkyl” means a bicyclic, saturated, monovalent hydrocarbon group which the two rings share two common ring atoms which are not adjacent, e.g. bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl (also known as norbornyl).
The term “bicyclic C5-C11-cycloalkyl” means a spirocycloalkyl, fused C5-C10-cycloalkyl or bridged C5-C10-cycloalkyl group as defined below:
The term “monocyclic 4- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl” means a monocyclic, saturated heterocycle with 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring atoms in total, which contains one or two identical or different ring heteroatoms from the series N, O and S.
Said monocyclic heterocycloalkyl group, without being limited thereto, can be a 4-membered ring, such as azetidinyl, oxetanyl or thietanyl, for example; or a 5-membered ring, such as tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, thiolanyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, 1,1-dioxidothiolanyl, 1,2-oxazolidinyl, 1,3-oxazolidinyl or 1,3-thiazolidinyl, for example; or a 6-membered ring, such as tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, 1,3-dioxanyl, 1,4-dioxanyl or 1,2-oxazinanyl, for example, or a 7-membered ring, such as azepanyl, 1,4-diazepanyl or 1,4-oxazepanyl, for example.
The term “monocyclic nitrogen containing 4- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group” means a monocyclic, saturated heterocycle with 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring atoms in total, which contains one ring nitrogen atom and optionally one further ring heteroatom from the series N, O and S.
Said monocyclic nitrogen containing 4- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group, without being limited thereto, can be a 4-membered ring, such as azetidinyl, for example; or a 5-membered ring, such as pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, 1,2-oxazolidinyl, 1,3-oxazolidinyl or 1,3-thiazolidinyl, for example; or a 6-membered ring, such as piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, or 1,2-oxazinanyl, for example, or a 7-membered ring, such as azepanyl, 1,4-diazepanyl or 1,4-oxazepanyl, for example.
The term “monocyclic nitrogen containing 4- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group which is optionally benzocondensed” means a monocyclic, saturated heterocycle with 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring atoms in total, which contains one ring nitrogen atom and optionally one further ring heteroatom from the series N, O and S, in which two adjacent ring carbon atoms may be shared with a benzene ring optionally fused thereto, such group being one of the aforementioned monocyclic nitrogen containing 4- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl groups, such as pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and the like, or benzocondensed groups e.g. 3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl, 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl, 1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl or 2,3-dihydro-1H-indo1-1-yl.
The term “bicyclic 6-11 membered heterocycloalkyl” means a 6- to 11-membered heterospirocycloalkyl, a 6- to 10-membered fused heterocycloalkyl or a 7- to 10-membered bridged heterocycloalkyl group as defined below:
The term “bicyclic nitrogen containing 6-11 membered heterocycloalkyl” means a heterospirocycloalkyl, fused heterocycloalkyl or bridged heterocycloalkyl group as defined supra, however containing one ring nitrogen atom and optionally one or two further ring heteroatoms from the series N, O and S; it being possible for said bicyclic nitrogen containing 6-11 membered heterocycloalkyl group to be attached to the rest of the molecule via a nitrogen atom or any one of the carbon atoms, except a spiro carbon atom.
The term “bicyclic 5-11 membered heterocycloalkyl” means a 5-11 membered heterospirocycloalkyl, a 5-11 membered fused heterocycloalkyl or a 5-11 membered bridged heterocycloalkyl group as defined below:
The term “bicyclic nitrogen containing 5-11 membered heterocycloalkyl” means a 5-11 membered heterospirocycloalkyl, 5-11 membered fused heterocycloalkyl or 5-11 membered bridged heterocycloalkyl group as defined supra, however containing one ring nitrogen atom and optionally one or two further ring heteroatoms from the series N, O and S; it being possible for said bicyclic nitrogen containing 5-11 membered heterocycloalkyl group to be attached to the rest of the molecule via a nitrogen atom or any one of the carbon atoms, except a spiro carbon atom.
The term “heteroaryl” means a monovalent, monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic ring having 5, 6, 8, 9 or 10 ring atoms (a “5- to 10-membered heteroaryl” group), which contains at least one ring heteroatom and optionally one, two or three further ring heteroatoms from the series: N, O and/or S, and which is bound via a ring carbon atom, or, if valency allows as e.g. in pyrrol-1-yl, a nitrogen atom.
Said heteroaryl group can be a 5-membered heteroaryl group, such as, for example, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl or tetrazolyl; or a 6-membered heteroaryl group, such as, for example, pyridinyl (herein also referred to as pyridyl), pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or triazinyl; or a 9-membered heteroaryl group, such as, for example, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, thiazolopyridinyl, indazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl or purinyl; or a 10-membered heteroaryl group, such as, for example, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinoxalinyl or pteridinyl.
In general, and unless otherwise mentioned, the heteroaryl or heteroarylene groups include all possible isomeric forms thereof, e.g.: tautomers and positional isomers with respect to the point of linkage to the rest of the molecule. Thus, for some illustrative non-restricting examples, the term pyridinyl includes pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl and pyridin-4-yl; or the term thienyl includes thien-2-yl and thien-3-yl.
The term “C1-C6”, as used in the present text, e.g. in the context of the definition of “C1-C6-alkyl”, “C1-C6-haloalkyl”, “C1-C6-hydroxyalkyl”, “C1-C6-alkoxy” or “C1-C6-haloalkoxy” means an alkyl group having a finite number of carbon atoms of 1 to 6, i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
Further, as used herein, the term “C3-C7”, as used in the present text, e.g. in the context of the definition of “C3-C7-cycloalkyl”, means a cycloalkyl group having a finite number of carbon atoms of 3 to 7, i.e. 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms.
When a range of values is given, said range encompasses each value and sub-range within said range.
For example:
“C1-C6” encompasses C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C1-C6, C1-C5, C1-C4, C1-C3, C1-C2, C2- C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C4-C6, C4-C5, and C5-C6;
“C2-C6” encompasses C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C4-C6, C4-C5, and C5-C6;
“C3-C6” encompasses C3, C4, C5, C6, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C4-C6, C4-C5, and C5-C6.
As used herein, the term “leaving group” means an atom or a group of atoms that is displaced in a chemical reaction as stable species taking with it the bonding electrons. In particular, such a leaving group is selected from the group comprising: a halogen atom, in particular a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodide atom, being displaced as halide, in particular fluoride, chloride, bromide or iodide; (methylsulfonyl)oxy, [(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]oxy, [(nonafluorobutyl)sulfonyl]oxy, (phenylsulfonyl)oxy, [(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy, [(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]oxy, [(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]oxy, [(2-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]oxy, 25 [(4-isopropylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy, [(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy, [(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy, [(4-tert-butyl phenyl)sulfonyl]oxy and [(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy.
As used herein, the term “dipolar aprotic solvent” means a solvent selected from acetone, acetonitrile, priopionitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, diethylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-diethylformamide, N,N-diethylacetamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-piperidinone and 1-ethyl-2-piperidinone, or mixtures thereof. Particularly, said dipolar aprotic solvent is acetonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide or 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone.
As used herein, the term “room temperature” means a temperature in the range from 15° C. to 25° C.
It is possible for the compounds of general formula (I) to exist as isotopic variants. The invention therefore includes one or more isotopic variant(s) of the compounds of general formula (I), particularly deuterium-containing compounds of general formula (I).
The term “Isotopic variant” of a compound or a reagent is defined as a compound exhibiting an unnatural proportion of one or more of the isotopes that constitute such a compound.
The term “Isotopic variant of the compound of general formula (I)” is defined as a compound of general formula (I) exhibiting an unnatural proportion of one or more of the isotopes that constitute such a compound.
The expression “unnatural proportion” means a proportion of such isotope which is higher than its natural abundance. The natural abundances of isotopes to be applied in this context are described in “Isotopic Compositions of the Elements 1997”, Pure Appl. Chem., 70(1), 217-235, 1998.
Examples of such isotopes include stable and radioactive isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, such as 2H (deuterium), 3H (tritium), 11C, 13C, 14C, 15N, 17p, 18O, 32P, 33P, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 18F, 36Cl, 82Br, 123I, 124I, 125I, 129I and 131I, respectively.
With respect to the treatment and/or prophylaxis of the disorders specified herein the isotopic variant(s) of the compounds of general formula (I) preferably contain deuterium (“deuterium-containing compounds of general formula (I)”). Isotopic variants of the compounds of general formula (I) in which one or more radioactive isotopes, such as 3H or 14C, are incorporated are useful e.g. in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies. These isotopes are particularly preferred for the ease of their incorporation and detectability. Positron emitting isotopes such as 18F or 11C may be incorporated into a compound of general formula (I). These isotopic variants of the compounds of general formula (I) are useful for in vivo imaging applications. Deuterium-containing and 13C-containing compounds of general formula (I) can be used in mass spectrometry analyses in the context of preclinical or clinical studies.
Isotopic variants of the compounds of general formula (I) can generally be prepared by methods known to a person skilled in the art, such as those described in the schemes and/or examples herein, by substituting a reagent for an isotopic variant of said reagent, preferably for a deuterium-containing reagent. Depending on the desired sites of deuteration, in some cases deuterium from D2O can be incorporated either directly into the compounds or into reagents that are useful for synthesizing such compounds. Deuterium gas is also a useful reagent for incorporating deuterium into molecules. Catalytic deuteration of olefinic bonds and acetylenic bonds is a rapid route for incorporation of deuterium. Metal catalysts (i.e. Pd, Pt, and Rh) in the presence of deuterium gas can be used to directly exchange deuterium for hydrogen in functional groups containing hydrocarbons. A variety of deuterated reagents and synthetic building blocks are commercially available from companies such as for example CDN Isotopes, Quebec, Canada; Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc., Andover, Mass., USA; and CombiPhos Catalysts, Inc., Princeton, N.J., USA.
The term “deuterium-containing compound of general formula (I)” is defined as a compound of general formula (I), in which one or more hydrogen atom(s) is/are replaced by one or more deuterium atom(s) and in which the abundance of deuterium at each deuterated position of the compound of general formula (I) is higher than the natural abundance of deuterium, which is about 0.015%. Particularly, in a deuterium-containing compound of general formula (I) the abundance of deuterium at each deuterated position of the compound of general formula (I) is higher than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80%, preferably higher than 90%, 95%, 96% or 97%, even more preferably higher than 98% or 99% at said position(s). It is understood that the abundance of deuterium at each deuterated position is independent of the abundance of deuterium at other deuterated position(s).
The selective incorporation of one or more deuterium atom(s) into a compound of general formula (I) may alter the physicochemical properties (such as for example acidity [C. L. Perrin, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 4490], basicity [C. L. Perrin et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127, 9641], lipophilicity [B. Testa et al., Int. J. Pharm., 1984, 19(3), 271]) and/or the metabolic profile of the molecule and may result in changes in the ratio of parent compound to metabolites or in the amounts of metabolites formed. Such changes may result in certain therapeutic advantages and hence may be preferred in some circumstances. Reduced rates of metabolism and metabolic switching, where the ratio of metabolites is changed, have been reported (A. E. Mutlib et al., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2000, 169, 102). These changes in the exposure to parent drug and metabolites can have important consequences with respect to the pharmacodynamics, tolerability and efficacy of a deuterium-containing compound of general formula (I). In some cases deuterium substitution reduces or eliminates the formation of an undesired or toxic metabolite and enhances the formation of a desired metabolite (e.g. Nevirapine: A. M. Sharma et al., Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2013, 26, 410; Efavirenz: A. E. Mutlib et al., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2000, 169, 102). In other cases the major effect of deuteration is to reduce the rate of systemic clearance. As a result, the biological half-life of the compound is increased. The potential clinical benefits would include the ability to maintain similar systemic exposure with decreased peak levels and increased trough levels. This could result in lower side effects and enhanced efficacy, depending on the particular compound's pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic relationship. ML-337 (C. J. Wenthur et al., J. Med. Chem., 2013, 56, 5208) and Odanacatib (K. Kassahun et al., WO2012112363) are examples for this deuterium effect. Still other cases have been reported in which reduced rates of metabolism result in an increase in exposure of the drug without changing the rate of systemic clearance (e.g. Rofecoxib: F. Schneider et al., Arzneim. Forsch. Drug. Res., 2006, 56, 295; Telaprevir: F. Maltais et al., J. Med. Chem., 2009, 52, 7993). Deuterated drugs showing this effect may have reduced dosing requirements (e.g. lower number of doses or lower dosage to achieve the desired effect) and/or may produce lower metabolite loads.
A compound of general formula (I) may have multiple potential sites of attack for metabolism. To optimize the above-described effects on physicochemical properties and metabolic profile, deuterium-containing compounds of general formula (I) having a certain pattern of one or more deuterium-hydrogen exchange(s) can be selected. Particularly, the deuterium atom(s) of deuterium-containing compound(s) of general formula (I) isare attached to a carbon atom and/or isare located at those positions of the compound of general formula (I), which are sites of attack for metabolizing enzymes such as e.g. cytochrome P450.
In another embodiment the present invention concerns a deuterium-containing compound of general formula (I) having 1, 2, 3 or 4 deuterium atoms, particularly with 1, 2 or 3 deuterium atoms.
Where the plural form of the word compounds, salts, polymorphs, hydrates, solvates and the like, is used herein, this is taken to mean also a single compound, salt, polymorph, isomer, hydrate, solvate or the like.
By “stable compound” or “stable structure” is meant a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent.
The compounds of the present invention optionally contain one or more asymmetric centres, depending upon the location and nature of the various substituents desired. It is possible that one or more asymmetric carbon atoms are present in the (R) or (S) configuration, which can result in racemic mixtures in the case of a single asymmetric centre, and in diastereomeric mixtures in the case of multiple asymmetric centres. In certain instances, it is possible that asymmetry also be present due to restricted rotation about a given bond, for example, the central bond adjoining two substituted aromatic rings of the specified compounds.
Preferred isomers are those which produce the more desirable biological activity. These separated, pure or partially purified isomers or racemic mixtures of the compounds of this invention are also included within the scope of the present invention. The purification and the separation of such materials can be accomplished by standard techniques known in the art.
The optical isomers can be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixtures according to conventional processes, for example, by the formation of diastereoisomeric salts using an optically active acid or base or formation of covalent diastereomers. Examples of appropriate acids are tartaric, diacetyltartaric, ditoluoyltartaric and camphorsulfonic acid. Mixtures of diastereoisomers can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical and/or chemical differences by methods known in the art, for example, by chromatography or fractional crystallisation. The optically active bases or acids are then liberated from the separated diastereomeric salts. A different process for separation of optical isomers involves the use of chiral chromatography (e.g., HPLC columns using a chiral phase), with or without conventional derivatisation, optimally chosen to maximise the separation of the enantiomers. Suitable HPLC columns using a chiral phase are commercially available, such as those manufactured by Daicel, e.g., Chiracel OD and Chiracel OJ, for example, among many others, which are all routinely selectable. Enzymatic separations, with or without derivatisation, are also useful. The optically active compounds of the present invention can likewise be obtained by chiral syntheses utilizing optically active starting materials.
In order to distinguish different types of isomers from each other reference is made to IUPAC Rules Section E (Pure Appl Chem 45, 11-30, 1976).
The present invention includes all possible stereoisomers of the compounds of the present invention as single stereoisomers, or as any mixture of said stereoisomers, e.g. (R)- or (S)-isomers, in any ratio. Isolation of a single stereoisomer, e.g. a single enantiomer or a single diastereomer, of a compound of the present invention is achieved by any suitable state of the art method, such as chromatography, especially chiral chromatography, for example.
Further, it is possible for some of the compounds of the present invention to exist as tautomers. For example, the compounds of the present invention may contain a pyridone moiety and can exist as a pyridone, or as an hydroxypyridine, or even a mixture in any amount of the two tautomers, namely:
The present invention includes all possible tautomers of the compounds of the present invention as single tautomers, or as any mixture of said tautomers, in any ratio.
Further, the compounds of the present invention can exist as N-oxides, which are defined in that at least one nitrogen of the compounds of the present invention is oxidised. The present invention includes all such possible N-oxides.
The present invention also covers useful forms of the compounds of the present invention, such as metabolites, hydrates, solvates, prodrugs, salts, in particular pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and/or co-precipitates.
The compounds of the present invention can exist as a hydrate, or as a solvate, wherein the compounds of the present invention contain polar solvents, in particular water, methanol or ethanol for example, as structural element of the crystal lattice of the compounds. It is possible for the amount of polar solvents, in particular water, to exist in a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric ratio. In the case of stoichiometric solvates, e.g. a hydrate, hemi-, (semi-), mono-, sesqui-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- etc. solvates or hydrates, respectively, are possible. The present invention includes all such hydrates or solvates.
Further, it is possible for the compounds of the present invention to exist in free form, e.g. as a free base, or as a free acid, or as a zwitterion, or to exist in the form of a salt. Said salt may be any salt, either an organic or inorganic addition salt, particularly any pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic addition salt, which is customarily used in pharmacy, or which is used, for example, for isolating or purifying the compounds of the present invention.
The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to an inorganic or organic acid addition salt of a compound of the present invention. For example, see S. M. Berge et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts,” J. Pharm. Sci. 1977, 66, 1-19.
A suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compounds of the present invention may be, for example, an acid-addition salt of a compound of the present invention bearing a nitrogen atom, in a chain or in a ring, for example, which is sufficiently basic, such as an acid-addition salt with an inorganic acid, or “mineral acid”, such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulfuric, sulfamic, bisulfuric, phosphoric, or nitric acid, for example, or with an organic acid, such as formic, acetic, acetoacetic, pyruvic, trifluoroacetic, propionic, butyric, hexanoic, heptanoic, undecanoic, lauric, benzoic, salicylic, 2-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-benzoic, camphoric, cinnamic, cyclopentanepropionic, digluconic, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic, nicotinic, pamoic, pectinic, 3-phenylpropionic, pivalic, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic, itaconic, trifluoromethanesulfonic, dodecylsulfuric, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, para-toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, 2-naphthalenesulfonic, naphthalinedisulfonic, camphorsulfonic acid, citric, tartaric, stearic, lactic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, malic, adipic, alginic, maleic, fumaric, D-gluconic, mandelic, ascorbic, glucoheptanoic, glycerophosphoric, aspartic, sulfosalicylic, or thiocyanic acid, for example.
Further, another suitably pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of the present invention which is sufficiently acidic, is an alkali metal salt, for example a sodium or potassium salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, for example a calcium, magnesium or strontium salt, or an aluminium or a zinc salt, or an ammonium salt derived from ammonia or from an organic primary, secondary or tertiary amine having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, dimethylaminoethanol, diethylaminoethanol, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-methylmorpholine, arginine, lysine, 1,2-ethylenediamine, N-methylpiperidine, N-methyl-glucamine, N,N-dimethyl-glucamine, N-ethyl-glucamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, glucosamine, sarcosine, serinol, 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, 4-amino-1,2,3-butanetriol, or a salt with a quarternary ammonium ion having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, tetra(n-propyl)ammonium, tetra(n-butyl)ammonium, N-benzyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium, choline or benzalkonium.
Those skilled in the art will further recognise that it is possible for acid addition salts of the claimed compounds to be prepared by reaction of the compounds with the appropriate inorganic or organic acid via any of a number of known methods. Alternatively, alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of acidic compounds of the present invention are prepared by reacting the compounds of the present invention with the appropriate base via a variety of known methods.
The present invention includes all possible salts of the compounds of the present invention as single salts, or as any mixture of said salts, in any ratio.
In the present text, in particular in the “Experimental Section”, for the synthesis of intermediates and of examples of the present invention, when a compound is mentioned as a salt form with the corresponding base or acid, the exact stoichiometric composition of said salt form, as obtained by the respective preparation and/or purification process, is, in most cases, unknown.
Unless specified otherwise, suffixes to chemical names or structural formulae relating to salts, such as “hydrochloride”, “trifluoroacetate”, “sodium salt”, or “x HCl”, “x CF3COOH”, “x Na+”, for example, mean a salt form, the stoichiometry of which salt form not being specified.
This applies analogously to cases in which synthesis intermediates or example compounds or salts thereof have been obtained, by the preparation and/or purification processes described, as solvates, such as hydrates, with (if defined) unknown stoichiometric composition.
Furthermore, the present invention includes all possible crystalline forms, or polymorphs, of the compounds of the present invention, either as single polymorph, or as a mixture of more than one polymorph, in any ratio.
Moreover, the present invention also includes prodrugs of the compounds according to the invention. The term “prodrugs” here designates compounds which themselves can be biologically active or inactive, but are converted (for example metabolically or hydrolytically) into compounds according to the invention during their residence time in the body.
The invention further includes all possible cyclodextrin clathrates, i.e. alpha-, beta-, or gamma-cyclodextrins, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins, methylbetacyclodextrins.
In accordance with a second embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of general formula (I), supra, in which:
and stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, hydrates, solvates, and salts thereof, and mixtures of same.
In accordance with a third embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of general formula (I), supra, in which:
In accordance with a fourth embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of general formula (I), supra, in which:
wherein C3-C7-cycloalkyl, and the C3-C5-cycloalkyl within said (C3-C5-cycloalkyl)-(C1-C2-alkyl)- group are optionally substituted one or two times, each substituent independently selected from a fluorine atom or a group selected from cyano, methyl and C1-fluoroalkyl,
In accordance with a fifth embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of general formula (I), supra, in which:
In accordance with a sixth embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of general formula (I), supra, in which:
wherein “*” indicates the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom to which R2 is attached;
In accordance with a seventh embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of general formula (I), supra, in which:
In accordance with an eighth embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of general formula (I), supra, in which:
in which:
In accordance with a ninth embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of general formula (I), supra, in which:
In accordance with a tenth embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of general formula (I), supra, in which:
wherein “*” indicates the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom to which R2 is attached;
R4a represents a group selected from)—N(R10)(R11), —C(═O)—N(R15)(R16), —C(═O)—OR17, phenyl and a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group selected from oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl and pyridazinyl,
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers isomeric mixtures of compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
ratio of about 99:1 and higher,
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers isomeric mixtures of compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
in a ratio of about 98:2 and higher,
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers isomeric mixtures of compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
in a ratio of about 95:5 and higher,
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers isomeric mixtures of compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
in a ratio of about 90:10 and higher, in favour of
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers isomeric mixtures of compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
in a ratio of about 80:20 and higher, in favour of
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers isomeric mixtures of compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
in a ratio of about 50:50, that is, racemic mixtures in case of compounds featuring no further element of chirality,
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers isomeric mixtures of compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
in a ratio of about 99:1 and higher,
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers isomeric mixtures of compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
in a ratio of about 98:2 and higher,
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers isomeric mixtures of compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
in a ratio of about 95:5 and higher,
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers isomeric mixtures of compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
in a ratio of about 90:10 and higher,
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers isomeric mixtures of compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
in a ratio of about 80:20 and higher,
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers isomeric mixtures of compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
in a ratio of about 50:50, that is, racemic mixtures in case of compounds featuring no further element of chirality,
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
and stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, hydrates, solvates, and salts thereof, and mixtures of same.
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which: R10 and R11, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, represent a monocyclic nitrogen containing 4- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group which is optionally substituted one, two or three times, each substituent independently selected from a fluorine atom or a group selected from cyano, oxo, C1-C2-alkyl, C1-C2-fluoroalkyl and (C1-C2-alkyl)-C(═O)—,
and stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, hydrates, solvates, and salts thereof, and mixtures of same.
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers compounds of formula (I), supra, in which:
In a particular further embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention covers combinations of two or more of the above mentioned embodiments under the heading “further embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention”.
The present invention covers any sub-combination within any embodiment or aspect of the present invention of compounds of general formula (I), supra.
The present invention covers the compounds of general formula (I) which are disclosed in the Example Section of this text, infra.
The compounds of general formula (I) of the present invention can be converted to any salt, preferably pharmaceutically acceptable salts, as described herein, by any method which is known to the person skilled in the art. Similarly, any salt of a compound of general formula (I) of the present invention can be converted into the free compound, by any method which is known to the person skilled in the art.
Compounds of general formula (I) of the present invention demonstrate a valuable pharmacological spectrum of action, which could not have been predicted. Compounds of the present invention have surprisingly been found to effectively inhibit DGKζ and it is possible therefore that said compounds be used for the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases, preferably conditions with dysregulated immune responses, particularly cancer or other disorders associated with aberrant DGKζ signaling, in mammals, including humans. Disorders and conditions particularly suitable for treatment with an DGKζ inhibitor of the present invention are liquid and solid tumours, such as cancers of the breast, respiratory tract, brain, reproductive organs, digestive tract, urinary tract, eye, liver, skin, head and neck, thyroid, parathyroid and their distant metastases. Those disorders also include lymphomas, sarcomas, and leukaemias.
Examples of breast cancers include, but are not limited to, triple negative breast cancer, invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, and lobular carcinoma in situ.
Examples of cancers of the respiratory tract include, but are not limited to, small-cell and non-small-cell lung carcinoma, as well as bronchial adenoma and pleuropulmonary blastoma.
Examples of brain cancers include, but are not limited to, brain stem and hypophtalmic glioma, cerebellar and cerebral astrocytoma, glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, as well as neuroectodermal and pineal tumour.
Tumours of the male reproductive organs include, but are not limited to, prostate and testicular cancer.
Tumours of the female reproductive organs include, but are not limited to, endometrial, cervical, ovarian, vaginal, and vulvar cancer, as well as sarcoma of the uterus.
Examples of ovarian cancer include, but are not limited to serous tumour, endometrioid tumour, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, granulosa cell tumour, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour and arrhenoblastoma.
Examples of cervical cancer include, but are not limited to squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumour, glassy cell carcinoma and villoglandular adenocarcinoma.
Tumours of the digestive tract include, but are not limited to, anal, colon, colorectal, esophageal, gallbladder, gastric, pancreatic, rectal, small-intestine, and salivary gland cancers.
Examples of esophageal cancer include, but are not limited to esophageal cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas, as well as squamous cell carcinomas, leiomyosarcoma, malignant melanoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and lymphoma.
Examples of gastric cancer include, but are not limited to intestinal type and diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma.
Examples of pancreatic cancer include, but are not limited to ductal adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinomas and pancreatic endocrine tumours.
Tumours of the urinary tract include, but are not limited to, bladder, penile, kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, urethral and human papillary renal cancers.
Examples of kidney cancer include, but are not limited to renal cell carcinoma, urothelial cell carcinoma, juxtaglomerular cell tumour (reninoma), angiomyolipoma, renal oncocytoma, Bellini duct carcinoma, clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney, mesoblastic nephroma and Wilms' tumour.
Examples of bladder cancer include, but are not limited to transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sarcoma and small cell carcinoma.
Eye cancers include, but are not limited to, intraocular melanoma and retinoblastoma.
Examples of liver cancers include, but are not limited to, hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cell carcinomas with or without fibrolamellar variant), cholangiocarcinoma (intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma), and mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma.
Skin cancers include, but are not limited to, squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, malignant melanoma, Merkel cell skin cancer, and non-melanoma skin cancer.
Head-and-neck cancers include, but are not limited to, squamous cell cancer of the head and neck, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal cancer, salivary gland cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer and squamous cell.
Lymphomas include, but are not limited to, AIDS-related lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and lymphoma of the central nervous system.
Sarcomas include, but are not limited to, sarcoma of the soft tissue, osteosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, lymphosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma.
Leukemias include, but are not limited to, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and hairy cell leukemia.
The term “treating” or “treatment” as stated throughout this document is used conventionally, for example the management or care of a subject for the purpose of combating, alleviating, reducing, relieving, improving the condition of a disease or disorder, such as a carcinoma. The compounds of the present invention can be used in particular in therapy and prevention, i.e. prophylaxis, of tumour growth and metastases, especially in solid tumours of all indications and stages with or without pre-treatment of the tumour growth.
Generally, the use of chemotherapeutic agents and/or anti-cancer agents in combination with a compound or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention will serve to:
In addition, the compounds of general formula (I) of the present invention can also be used in combination with radiotherapy and/or surgical intervention.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the compounds of general formula (I) of the present invention are used in combination with radiation: i.e. radiation treatment sensitizes cancers to anti-tumor immune responses by induction of tumor cell death and subsequent presentation of tumor neoantigens to tumor-reactive Tcells. As DGKζ is enhancing the antigen specific activation of T cells, the overall effect results in a much stronger cancer cell attack as compared to irradiation treatment alone.
Thus, the present invention also provides a method of killing a tumor, wherein conventional radiation therapy is employed previous to administering one or more of the compounds of the present invention.
The compounds of the present invention can be administered as the sole pharmaceutical agent or in combination with one or more other pharmaceutically active ingredients where the combination causes no unacceptable adverse effects. The present invention also covers such pharmaceutical combinations. For example, the compounds of the present invention can be combined with:
131I-chTNT, abarelix, abemaciclib, abiraterone, acalabrutinib, aclarubicin, adalimumab, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, afatinib, aflibercept, aldesleukin, alectinib, alemtuzumab, alendronic acid, alitretinoin, alpharadin, altretamine, amifostine, aminoglutethimide, hexyl aminolevulinate, amrubicin, amsacrine, anastrozole, ancestim, anethole dithiolethione, anetumab ravtansine, angiotensin II, antithrombin III, apalutamide, aprepitant, arcitumomab, arglabin, arsenic trioxide, asparaginase, atezolizumab, avelumab, axicabtagene ciloleucel, axitinib, azacitidine, basiliximab, belotecan, bendamustine, besilesomab, belinostat, bevacizumab, bexarotene, bicalutamide, bisantrene, bleomycin, blinatumomab, bortezomib, bosutinib, buserelin, brentuximab vedotin, brigatinib, busulfan, cabazitaxel, cabozantinib, calcitonine, calcium folinate, calcium levofolinate, capecitabine, capromab, carbamazepine carboplatin, carboquone, carfilzomib, carmofur, carmustine, catumaxomab, celecoxib, celmoleukin, cemiplimab, ceritinib, cetuximab, chlorambucil, chlormadinone, chlormethine, cidofovir, cinacalcet, cisplatin, cladribine, clodronic acid, clofarabine, cobimetinib, copanlisib, crisantaspase, crizotinib, cyclophosphamide, cyproterone, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daratumumab, darbepoetin alfa, dabrafenib, dasatinib, daunorubicin, decitabine, degarelix, denileukin diftitox, denosumab, depreotide, deslorelin, dianhydrogalactitol, dexrazoxane, dibrospidium chloride, dianhydrogalactitol, diclofenac, dinutuximab, docetaxel, dolasetron, doxifluridine, doxorubicin, doxorubicin+estrone, dronabinol, durvalumab, eculizumab, edrecolomab, elimusertib (BAY1895344), elliptinium acetate, elotuzumab, eltrombopag, enasidenib, endostatin, enocitabine, enzalutamide, epirubicin, epitiostanol, epoetin alfa, epoetin beta, epoetin zeta, eptaplatin, eribulin, erlotinib, esomeprazole, estradiol, estramustine, ethinylestradiol, etoposide, everolimus, exemestane, fadrozole, fentanyl, filgrastim, fluoxymesterone, floxuridine, fludarabine, fluorouracil, flutamide, folinic acid, formestane, fosaprepitant, fotemustine, fulvestrant, gadobutrol, gadoteridol, gadoteric acid meglumine, gadoversetamide, gadoxetic acid, gallium nitrate, ganirelix, gefitinib, gemcitabine, gemtuzumab, Glucarpidase, glutoxim, GM-CSF, goserelin, granisetron, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, histamine dihydrochloride, histrelin, hydroxycarbamide, I-125 seeds, lansoprazole, ibandronic acid, ibritumomab tiuxetan, ibrutinib, idarubicin, ifosfamide, imatinib, imiquimod, improsulfan, indisetron, incadronic acid, ingenol mebutate, inotuzumab ozogamicin, interferon alfa, interferon beta, interferon gamma, iobitridol, iobenguane (123I), iomeprol, ipilimumab, irinotecan, Itraconazole, ixabepilone, ixazomib, lanreotide, lansoprazole, lapatinib, lasocholine, lenalidomide, lenvatinib, lenograstim, lentinan, letrozole, leuprorelin, levamisole, levonorgestrel, levothyroxine sodium, lisuride, lobaplatin, lomustine, lonidannine, lutetium Lu 177 dotatate, masoprocol, medroxyprogesterone, megestrol, melarsoprol, melphalan, mepitiostane, mercaptopurine, mesna, methadone, methotrexate, methoxsalen, methylaminolevulinate, methylprednisolone, methyltestosterone, metirosine, midostaurin, mifamurtide, miltefosine, miriplatin, mitobronitol, mitoguazone, mitolactol, mitomycin, mitotane, mitoxantrone, mogamulizumab, molgramostim, mopidamol, morphine hydrochloride, morphine sulfate, mvasi, nabilone, nabiximols, nafarelin, naloxone+pentazocine, naltrexone, nartograstim, necitumumab, nedaplatin, nelarabine, neratinib, neridronic acid, netupitantpalonosetron, nivolumab, pentetreotide, nilotinib, nilutamide, nimorazole, nimotuzumab, nimustine, nintedanib, niraparib, nitracrine, nivolumab, obinutuzumab, octreotide, ofatumumab, olaparib, olaratumab, omacetaxine mepesuccinate, omeprazole, ondansetron, oprelvekin, orgotein, orilotimod, osimertinib, oxaliplatin, oxycodone, oxymetholone, ozogamicine, p53 gene therapy, paclitaxel, palbociclib, palifermin, palladium-103 seed, palonosetron, pamidronic acid, panitumumab, panobinostat, pantoprazole, pazopanib, pegaspargase, PEG-epoetin beta (methoxy PEG-epoetin beta), pennbrolizumab, pegfilgrastim, peginterferon alfa-2b, pemetrexed, pentazocine, pentostatin, peplomycin, Perflubutane, perfosfamide, Pertuzumab, picibanil, pilocarpine, pirarubicin, pixantrone, plerixafor, plicamycin, poliglusam, polyestradiol phosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone+sodium hyaluronate, polysaccharide-K, pomalidomide, ponatinib, porfimer sodium, pralatrexate, prednimustine, prednisone, procarbazine, procodazole, propranolol, quinagolide, rabeprazole, racotumomab, radium-223 chloride, radotinib, raloxifene, raltitrexed, ramosetron, ramucirumab, ranimustine, rasburicase, razoxane, refametinib, regorafenib, ribociclib, risedronic acid, rhenium-186 etidronate, rituximab, rolapitant, romidepsin, romiplostim, romurtide, rucaparib, samarium (153Sm) lexidronam, sargramostim, sarilumab, satumomab, secretin, siltuximab, sipuleucel-T, sizofiran, sobuzoxane, sodium glycididazole, sonidegib, sorafenib, stanozolol, streptozocin, sunitinib, talaporfin, talimogene laherparepvec, tamibarotene, tamoxifen, tapentadol, tasonermin, teceleukin, technetium (99mTc) nofetumomab merpentan, 99mTc-HYNIC-[Tyr3]-octreotide, tegafur, tegafur+gimeracil+oteracil, temoporfin, temozolomide, temsirolimus, teniposide, testosterone, tetrofosmin, thalidomide, thiotepa, thymalfasin, thyrotropin alfa, tioguanine, tisagenlecleucel, tislelizumab, tocilizumab, topotecan, toremifene, tositumomab, trabectedin, trametinib, tramadol, trastuzumab, trastuzumab emtansine, treosulfan, tretinoin, trifluridine+tipiracil, trilostane, triptorelin, trametinib, trofosfamide, thrombopoietin, tryptophan, ubenimex, valatinib, valrubicin, vandetanib, vapreotide, vemurafenib, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, vinflunine, vinorelbine, vismodegib, vorinostat, vorozole, yttrium-90 glass microspheres, zinostatin, zinostatin stimalamer, zoledronic acid, zorubicin.
The compounds of the invention can further be combined with other reagents targeting the immune system, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, e.g. aPD-1-L1 axis antagonists. PD-1, along with its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, function as negative regulators of T cell activation. PD-L1 is overexpressed in many cancers and overexpression of PD-1 often occurs concomitantly in tumor infiltrating T cells. This results in attenuation of T cell activation and evasion of immune surveillance, which contributes to impaired antitumor immune responses. (M. E. Keir et al., Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2008, 26, 677-704).
In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention covers combinations comprising one or more of the compounds of general formula (I), as described herein, or stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, hydrates, solvates, and salts thereof, particularly pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or mixtures of same, and one or more immune checkpoint inhibitors. Preferably, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is a aPD-1-L1 axis antagonist.
The compounds of the invention can further be combined with inhibitors of DGKα, such as those inhibitors of DGKα disclosed in WO2020006016, WO2020006018 and WO 2021041588. As DGKα in T cells operates in a similar fashion as DGKζ, a dual inhibition profoundly enhances T cell effector functions compared with cells with deletion of either DGK isoform alone or wild-type cells. (M. J. Riese et al. Cancer Res. (2013), 73(12); p. 3566-77).
The compounds of the invention can further be combined with chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells), such as Axicabtagen-Ciloleucel or Tisagenlecleucel. The activity of CAR-T cells can be suppressed by the tumor micro environment (TME). Knock out of DGKs by techniques such as Crispr had been shown to enhance CAR-T cell activity in a suppressive TME (I. Y. Jung et al., Mol. Cells 2018, 41 (8), 717-723).
In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention covers combinations comprising one or more compounds of general formula (I), as described herein, or stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, hydrates, solvates, and salts thereof, particularly pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or mixtures of same, with chimeric antigen receptor T cells, (CAR-T cells), CAR-NKT cells or CAR-NK cells.
Preferably, the chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) are Axicabtagen-Ciloleucel or Tisagenlecleucel.
The present invention further provides the use of the compounds according to the invention for expansion of T cells including CAR-T and tumor infiltrated lymphocytes ex-vivo.
In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention covers compounds of general formula (I), as described herein, or stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, hydrates, solvates, and salts thereof, particularly pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or mixtures of same, for use in the expansion of T cells including CAR-T cells, CAR-NKT cells or CAR-NK cells and tumor infiltrated lymphocytes ex-vivo.
Hence, the present invention also relates to the use of the compounds according to the invention for the expansion of T cells, including CAR-T cell, CAR-NKT cells or CAR-NK cells and tumor infiltrated lymphocytes, ex-vivo.
The present invention also comprises an ex-vivo method for the expansion of T cells, including CAR-T cells, CAR-NKT cells or CAR-NK cells and tumor infiltrated lymphocytes, contacting said T cells with compounds according to the invention.
Compounds of the present invention can be utilized to inhibit, block, reduce or decrease DGKζ activity resulting in the modulation of dysregulated immune responses e.g. to block immunosuppression and increase immune cell activation and infiltration in the context of cancer and cancer immunotherapy that will eventually lead to reduction of tumour growth.
This method comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof, including a human, an amount of a compound of this invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isomer, polymorph, metabolite, hydrate, solvate or ester thereof; which is effective to treat the disorder. The present invention also provides methods of treating a variety of other disorders wherein DGKζ is involved such as, but not limited to, disorders with dysregulated immune responses, inflammation, vaccination for infection & cancer, virus infections, lymphoproliferative disorders, asthma, eye diseases, and type 2 diabetes insulin resistance.
These disorders have been well characterized in humans, but also exist with a similar etiology in other mammals, and can be treated by administering pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention covers compounds of general formula (I), as described supra, or stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, hydrates, solvates, and salts thereof, particularly pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or mixtures of same, for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular cancer or conditions with dysregulated immune responses or other disorders associated with aberrant DGKζ signaling.
The pharmaceutical activity of the compounds according to the invention can be explained by their activity as DGKζ inhibitors.
In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention covers the use of compounds of general formula (I), as described supra, or stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, hydrates, solvates, and salts thereof, particularly pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or mixtures of same, for the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular cancer or conditions with dysregulated immune responses or other disorders associated with aberrant DGKζ signaling, particularly liquid and solid tumours.
In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention covers the compounds of general formula (I), as described supra, or stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, hydrates, solvates, and salts thereof, particularly pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or mixtures of same, for the use in the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular cancer or conditions with dysregulated immune responses or other disorders associated with aberrant DGKζ signaling, particularly liquid and solid tumours.
In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention covers the use of compounds of general formula (I), as described supra, or stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, hydrates, solvates, and salts thereof, particularly pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or mixtures of same, in a method of treatment or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular cancer or conditions with dysregulated immune responses or other disorders associated with aberrant DGKζ signaling, particularly liquid and solid tumours.
In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention covers the use of a compound of general formula (I), as described supra, or stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, hydrates, solvates, and salts thereof, particularly pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or mixtures of same, in a method of treatment or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular cancer or conditions with dysregulated immune responses or other disorders associated with aberrant DGKζ signaling, particularly liquid and solid tumours.
In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention covers use of a compound of general formula (I), as described supra, or stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, hydrates, solvates, and salts thereof, particularly pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or mixtures of same, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition, preferably a medicament, for the prophylaxis or treatment of diseases, in particular cancer or conditions with dysregulated immune responses or other disorders associated with aberrant DGKζ signaling, particularly liquid and solid tumours.
In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention covers a method of treatment or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular cancer or conditions with dysregulated immune responses or other disorders associated with aberrant DGKζ signaling, particularly liquid and solid tumours, using an effective amount of a compound of general formula (I), as described supra, or stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, hydrates, solvates, and salts thereof, particularly pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or mixtures of same.
In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention covers pharmaceutical compositions, in particular a medicament, comprising a compound of general formula (I), as described supra, or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a hydrate, a solvate, a salt thereof, particularly a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a mixture of same, and one or more excipients), in particular one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient(s). Conventional procedures for preparing such pharmaceutical compositions in appropriate dosage forms can be utilized.
The present invention furthermore covers pharmaceutical compositions, in particular medicaments, which comprise at least one compound according to the invention, conventionally together with one or more pharmaceutically suitable excipients, and to their use for the above mentioned purposes.
It is possible for the compounds according to the invention to have systemic and/or local activity. For this purpose, they can be administered in a suitable manner, such as, for example, via the oral, parenteral, pulmonary, nasal, sublingual, lingual, buccal, rectal, vaginal, dermal, transdermal, conjunctival, otic route or as an implant or stent.
For these administration routes, it is possible for the compounds according to the invention to be administered in suitable administration forms.
For oral administration, it is possible to formulate the compounds according to the invention to dosage forms known in the art that deliver the compounds of the invention rapidly and/or in a modified manner, such as, for example, tablets (uncoated or coated tablets, for example with enteric or controlled release coatings that dissolve with a delay or are insoluble), orally-disintegrating tablets, filmswafers, filmslyophylisates, capsules (for example hard or soft gelatine capsules), sugar-coated tablets, granules, pellets, powders, emulsions, suspensions, aerosols or solutions. It is possible to incorporate the compounds according to the invention in crystalline and/or amorphised and/or dissolved form into said dosage forms.
Parenteral administration can be effected with avoidance of an absorption step (for example intravenous, intraarterial, intracardial, intraspinal or intralumbal) or with inclusion of absorption (for example intramuscular, subcutaneous, intracutaneous, percutaneous or intraperitoneal). Administration forms which are suitable for parenteral administration are, inter alia, preparations for injection and infusion in the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsions, lyophylisates or sterile powders.
Examples which are suitable for other administration routes are pharmaceutical forms for inhalation [inter alia powder inhalers, nebulizers], nasal drops, nasal solutions, nasal sprays; tabletsfilmswaferscapsules for lingual, sublingual or buccal administration; suppositories; eye drops, eye ointments, eye baths, ocular inserts, ear drops, ear sprays, ear powders, ear-rinses, ear tampons; vaginal capsules, aqueous suspensions (lotions, mixturae agitandae), lipophilic suspensions, emulsions, ointments, creams, transdermal therapeutic systems (such as, for example, patches), milk, pastes, foams, dusting powders, implants or stents.
The compounds according to the invention can be incorporated into the stated administration forms. This can be effected in a manner known per se by mixing with pharmaceutically suitable excipients. Pharmaceutically suitable excipients include, inter alia,
The present invention furthermore relates to a pharmaceutical composition which comprise at least one compound according to the invention, conventionally together with one or more pharmaceutically suitable excipient(s), and to their use according to the present invention.
In accordance with another aspect, the present invention covers pharmaceutical combinations, in particular medicaments, comprising at least one compound of general formula (I) of the present invention and at least one or more further active ingredients, in particular for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of cancer or conditions with dysregulated immune responses or other disorders associated with aberrant DGKζ signaling, particularly liquid and solid tumours.
Particularly, the present invention covers a pharmaceutical combination, which comprises:
The term “combination” in the present invention is used as known to persons skilled in the art, it being possible for said combination to be a fixed combination, a non-fixed combination or a kit-of-parts.
A “fixed combination” in the present invention is used as known to persons skilled in the art and is defined as a combination wherein, for example, a first active ingredient, such as one or more compounds of general formula (I) of the present invention, and a further active ingredient are present together in one unit dosage or in one single entity. One example of a “fixed combination” is a pharmaceutical composition wherein a first active ingredient and a further active ingredient are present in admixture for simultaneous administration, such as in a formulation. Another example of a “fixed combination” is a pharmaceutical combination wherein a first active ingredient and a further active ingredient are present in one unit without being in admixture.
A non-fixed combination or “kit-of-parts” in the present invention is used as known to persons skilled in the art and is defined as a combination wherein a first active ingredient and a further active ingredient are present in more than one unit. One example of a non-fixed combination or kit-of-parts is a combination wherein the first active ingredient and the further active ingredient are present separately. It is possible for the components of the non-fixed combination or kit-of-parts to be administered separately, sequentially, simultaneously, concurrently or chronologically staggered.
Based upon standard laboratory techniques known to evaluate compounds useful for the treatment of cancer or conditions with dysregulated immune responses or other disorders associated with aberrant DGKζ signaling, by standard toxicity tests and by standard pharmacological assays for the determination of treatment of the conditions identified above in mammals, and by comparison of these results with the results of known active ingredients or medicaments that are used to treat these conditions, the effective dosage of the compounds of the present invention can readily be determined for treatment of each desired indication. The amount of the active ingredient to be administered in the treatment of one of these conditions can vary widely according to such considerations as the particular compound and dosage unit employed, the mode of administration, the period of treatment, the age and sex of the patient treated, and the nature and extent of the condition treated.
The total amount of the active ingredient to be administered will generally range from about 0.001 mgkg to about 200 mgkg body weight per day, and preferably from about 0.01 mgkg to about 20 mgkg body weight per day. Clinically useful dosing schedules will range from one to three times a day dosing to once every four weeks dosing. In addition, it is possible for “drug holidays”, in which a patient is not dosed with a drug for a certain period of time, to be beneficial to the overall balance between pharmacological effect and tolerability. It is possible for a unit dosage to contain from about 0.5 mg to about 1500 mg of active ingredient, and can be administered one or more times per day or less than once a day. The average daily dosage for administration by injection, including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and parenteral injections, and use of infusion techniques will preferably be from 0.01 to 200 mgkg of total body weight. The average daily rectal dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.01 to 200 mgkg of total body weight. The average daily vaginal dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.01 to 200 mgkg of total body weight. The average daily topical dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.1 to 200 mg administered between one to four times daily. The transdermal concentration will preferably be that required to maintain a daily dose of from 0.01 to 200 mgkg. The average daily inhalation dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.01 to 100 mgkg of total body weight.
Of course the specific initial and continuing dosage regimen for each patient will vary according to the nature and severity of the condition as determined by the attending diagnostician, the activity of the specific compound employed, the age and general condition of the patient, time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion of the drug, drug combinations, and the like. The desired mode of treatment and number of doses of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester or composition thereof can be ascertained by those skilled in the art using conventional treatment tests.
The compounds according to the invention of general formula (I) can be prepared according to the following Schemes 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The schemes and procedures described below illustrate synthetic routes to the compounds of general formula (I) of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. It is clear to the person skilled in the art that the order of transformations as exemplified in Schemes 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 can be modified in various ways. The order of transformations exemplified in these schemes is therefore not intended to be limiting. In addition, modification of any of the substituents, R1, R2, R3 or R4 can be achieved before and/or after the exemplified transformations. These modifications can be such as the introduction of protecting groups, cleavage of protecting groups, reduction or oxidation of functional groups, halogenation, metallation, substitution, or coupling reactions such as amide couplings (couplings of carboxylic acids with amines) or transition metal catalysed coupling reactions (such as the well-known Suzuki coupling) known to the person skilled in the art. These transformations include those which introduce a functionality which allows for further modification of substituents. Appropriate protecting groups and their introduction and cleavage are well-known to the person skilled in the art (see for example T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 31d edition, Wiley 1999). Specific examples are described in the subsequent paragraphs.
Suitable routes for the preparation of compounds of formulae (I-a) and (I-b), which are sub-sets of general formula (I), which when taken together they form, and of further sub-sets (I-c), (I-d), (I-e), (I-f) and (I-g) of general formula (I), are described in Schemes 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
Compounds of formula (I-a), which constitutes a sub-set of general formula (I) in which R3 represents an amino group, can be prepared from isothiocyanates of formula (II), in which R1 has the meaning as given for general formula (I), and ketones of formula (III), in which R4 has the meaning as given for general formula (I), and in which LG1 represents a leaving group as defined herein, preferably a chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom, more preferably a bromine atom, by reacting with cyanamide (IV), in the presence of a non-nucleophilic base, preferably 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (herein also being referred to as DBU, CAS-RN 6674-22-2), in a dipolar aprotic solvent as defined herein, preferably acetonitrile, at a temperature in the range from 0° C. to 50° C., preferably 15° C. to 30° C., more preferably at room temperature, for a time in the range from 1 hour to 100 hours, preferably from 1 hour to 10 hours, more preferably from 2 hours to 4 hours, to give intermediate compounds of formula (V-a). Said intermediate compounds of formula (V-a) can subsequently be reacted with compounds of formula (VI), in which R2 has the meaning as given for general formula (I), and in which LG2 represents a leaving group as defined herein, preferably a chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom, or a (methylsulfonyl)oxy or [(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy group, more preferably a bromine atom, in a dipolar aprotic solvent as defined herein, preferably N,N-dimethylformamide, at a temperature in the range from 60° C. to 120° C., preferably 80° C. to 100° C., more preferably 90° C., for a time in the range from 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably from 1 hour to 4 hours, more preferably 2 hours, to give compounds of the present invention, of formula (I-a). Said conversion of intermediate compounds of formula (V-a) into compounds of the present invention of formula (I-a) by reacting with compounds of formula (VI) can also be accomplished advantageously in a dipolar aprotic solvent as defined herein, preferably N,N-dimethylformamide, at a temperature in the range from 0° C. to 60° C., preferably 10° C. to 40° C., more preferably at room temperature as defined herein, for a time in the range from 6 hours to 48 hours, preferably from 12 hour to 24 hours. As indicated in the introductory paragraph of this section, substituents, e.g. those attached to R1 and R4, can be modified by various methods known to the person skilled in the art during this synthesis route or on the final step. Specific examples are described in the Experimental Section.
As shown in Scheme 1 b, the conversion of isothiocyanates of formula (II), ketones of formula (III) and cyanamide (IV) into intermediate compounds of formula (V-a) as specified above can also be performed in two steps, in which isothiocyanates of formula (II), in which R1 has the meaning as given for general formula (I), are reacted with cyanamide (IV) in the presence of a base, such as an alkali hydroxide, preferably potassium hydroxide, in an aliphatic alcohol of the formula C1-C4-alkyl-OH, preferably methanol or ethanol, at a temperature in the range from 0° C. to 60° C., preferably 10° C. to 40° C., more preferably at room temperature as defined herein, for a time in the range from 15 minutes to 2 hours, preferably for 30 minutes, to give the corresponding carbamimidothioate salts of formula (VII), in which M+ represents an alkali metal cation, which can be reacted with ketones of formula (III), in which R4 has the meaning as given for general formula (I), and in which LG1 represents a leaving group as defined herein, preferably a chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom, more preferably a bromine atom, in an aliphatic alcohol of the formula C1-C4-alkyl-OH, preferably methanol or ethanol, at a temperature in the range from 40° C. to 100° C., preferably from 60° C. to 90° C., for a time in the range from 1 minutes to 4 hours, preferably for 2 hours, to give the intermediate compounds of formula (V-a). Specific examples are described in the Experimental Section.
Compounds of formula (I-b), which constitutes a sub-set of general formula (I) in which R3 represents a methyl group, can be prepared from isothiocyanates of formula (II), in which R1 has the meaning as given for general formula (I), and ketones of formula (III), in which R4 has the meaning as given for general formula (I), and in which LG1 represents a leaving group as defined herein, preferably a chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom, more preferably a bromine atom, by reacting with a salt of ethanimidamide of formula (VIII), in which X− represents a monovalent anion, preferably chloride, bromide, iodide or acetate, more preferably chloride, in the presence of a non-nucleophilic base, preferably 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (herein also being referred to as DBU, CAS-RN 6674-22-2), in a dipolar aprotic solvent as defined herein, preferably acetonitrile, at a temperature in the range from 0° C. to 50° C., preferably 15° C. to 30° C., more preferably at room temperature, for a time in the range from 1 hour to 100 hours, preferably from 1 hour to 10 hours, more preferably from 2 hours to 4 hours, to give intermediate compounds of formula (V-b). Said intermediate compounds of formula (V-b) can subsequently be reacted with compounds of formula (VI), in which R2 has the meaning as given for general formula (I), and in which LG2 represents a leaving group as defined herein, preferably a chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom, or a (methylsulfonyl)oxy or [(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy group, more preferably a bromine atom, in a dipolar aprotic solvent as defined herein, preferably N,N-dimethylformamide, at a temperature in the range from 60° C. to 120° C., preferably 80° C. to 100° C., more preferably 90° C., for a time in the range from 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably from 1 hour to 4 hours, more preferably 2 hours, to give compounds of the present invention, of formula (I-b).
Compounds of formulae (II), (III), (IV), (VI), and (VIII) are largely commercially available or can be prepared using methods known to the person skilled in the art, see e.g. F. Calderon et al. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2017, 60 (16), 6880-6896, for the preparation of isothiocyanates of formula (II), or Y. Xing et al. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2017, 2017 (4), 781-785; A. Wu et al. Tetrahedron 2013, 69 (31), 6392-6398, for the preparation of ketones of formula (III); see also the synthesis protocols of Intermediates 9, 10 and 11 in the Experimental Section.
Alternatively, compounds of formulae (I-c), (I-d), (I-e), (I-f) and (I-g), which constitute various sub-sets of general formula (I) in which R3 represents an amino group, can be prepared from precursors in which the R4 group is not present from the start (Schemes 3, 4, and 5), or is substituted with a group not covered within the definition of R4 (such as a carboxy group), which however allows for establishing diverse R4 groups from a common precursor (Scheme 6)
As shown in Scheme 3, compounds of formula (I-c), which constitutes a sub-set of general formula (I) in which R3 represents an amino group and in which R4 represents an isoxazolyl group, can be prepared, in some analogy to Scheme 1a, by reacting isothiocyanates of formula (II), in which R1 has the meaning as given for general formula (I), with cyanamide (IV), followed by silyl ethynyl ketones of formula (III-a), in which LG1 represents a leaving group as defined herein, preferably a chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom, more preferably a bromine atom, in the presence of a non-nucleophilic base, preferably 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (herein also being referred to as DBU, CAS-RN 6674-22-2), in a dipolar aprotic solvent as defined herein, preferably acetonitrile, at a temperature in the range from 0° C. to 50° C., preferably 15° C. to 30° C., more preferably at room temperature, for a time in the range from 1 hour to 10 hours, preferably from 2 hours to 4 hours, to give intermediate compounds of formula (V-c), featuring a terminal alkyne. Said intermediate compounds of formula (V-c) can subsequently be reacted with compounds of formula (VI), in which R2 has the meaning as given for general formula (I), and in which LG2 represents a leaving group as defined herein, preferably a chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom, or a (methylsulfonyl)oxy or [(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy group, more preferably a bromine atom, in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate, in a dipolar aprotic solvent as defined herein, preferably N,N-dimethylformamide, at a temperature in the range from 0° C. to 60° C., preferably 10° C. to 40° C., more preferably at room temperature as defined herein, for a time in the range from 6 hours to 48 hours, preferably from 12 hour to 24 hours, to give intermediate compounds of formula (IX). Said intermediate compounds of formula (IX) can be converted into compounds of formula (I-c) by reacting with N-hydroxy imidoyl chlorides of formula (X), in which R4a has the meaning as given for general formula (I), in a mixture of DMSO, tetrahydrofuran and tert-butanol as a solvent, in the presence of copper(II)sulfate pentahydrate, (+)-ascorbic acid and potassium carbonate, at a temperature in the range from 0° C. to 50° C., preferably 20° C. to 40° C., for a time in the range from 2 hours to 3 days. Alternatively, this reaction can be achieved in the presence of triethylamine, in tetrahydrofuran as a solvent, without the addition of copper salts. Specific examples are given in the Experimental section. Upon replacement of said N-hydroxy imidoyl chlorides of formula (X) with azides, compounds of the invention in which R4 represents a substituted 1,2,3-triazolyl group can be obtained. Specific examples are described in the Experimental Section.
The order of the last two steps can be reversed, that is, the alkyne group present in the intermediate compounds of formula (V-c) can be first reacted with said N-hydroxy imidoyl chorides of formula (X), to give intermediate compounds of formula (V-d), followed by the introduction of the R2 group by reacting with compounds of formula (VI) as described above.
Silyl ethynyl ketones of formula (III-a) are largely commercially available or can be prepared using methods known to the person skilled in the art. Also, N-hydroxy imidoyl chorides of formula (X) are known to the person skilled in the art; for a synthesis protocol see Intermediates 41 and 72-76, in the Experimental section below.
As shown in Scheme 4, compounds of formula (1-d), which constitutes a sub-set of general formula (1) in which R3 represents an amino group and in which R4 represents an oxadiazolyl group, can be prepared, in some analogy to Scheme 1a, by reacting isothiocyanates of formula (II), in which R1 has the meaning as given for general formula (I), with cyanamide (IV), followed by pyruvate esters of formula (III-b), in which LG1 represents a leaving group as defined herein, preferably a chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom, more preferably a bromine atom, and in which RA represents a C1-C4-alkyl group, preferably methyl or ethyl, in the presence of a non-nucleophilic base, preferably 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (herein also being referred to as DBU, CAS-RN 6674-22-2), in a dipolar aprotic solvent as defined herein, preferably acetonitrile, at a temperature in the range from 0° C. to 50° C., preferably 15° C. to 30° C., more preferably at room temperature, for a time in the range from 2 hours to 48 hours, preferably from 12 hours to 20 hours, to give intermediate compounds of formula (V-e), featuring a carboxylic ester group. Said carboxylic ester group can be reacted subsequently with N-hydroxy amidines of formula (XI), in which R4b has the meaning as given for general formula (I), to give intermediate compounds of formula (V-f). Said intermediate compounds of formula (V-f) can subsequently be reacted with compounds of formula (VI), in which R2 has the meaning as given for general formula (I), and in which LG2 represents a leaving group as defined herein, preferably a chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom, or a (methylsulfonyl)oxy or [(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy group, more preferably a bromine atom, in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate, in a dipolar aprotic solvent as defined herein, preferably N,N-dimethylformamide, at a temperature in the range from 0° C. to 60° C., preferably 10° C. to 40° C., more preferably at room temperature as defined herein, for a time in the range from 6 hours to 48 hours, preferably from 12 hour to 24 hours, to give compounds of formula (1-d). Specific examples are described in the Experimental Section.
Pyruvate esters of formula (III-b) are largely commercially available or can be prepared using methods known to the person skilled in the art. Also, N-hydroxy amidines of formula (XI) are 5 known to the person skilled in the art; for a synthesis protocol see Intermediates 64 and 67, in the Experimental section below.
As shown in Scheme 5, compounds of formula (I-e), which constitutes a sub-set of general formula (I) in which R3 represents an amino group, in which R4 represents an oxadiazolyl group, and in which R2′ has the meaning as given for R2 in general formula (I) with the proviso that R8 represents a group —C(═O)—NH2, can be prepared from 2,4-dichlorothiazole (XII) by reacting with a strong base, such as lithium diisopropylamide, followed by an oxalate ester of formula (XIII), in which RA, independently from each other, represents a C1-C4-alkyl group, preferably methyl or ethyl, in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature in the range from −80° C. to −50° C., preferably −70° C., to give dichlorothiazole derivatives of formula (XIV), which can in turn be reacted with amines of formula (XV), in which R1 has the meaning as given for general formula (I), in a solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, to give ester derivatives of formula (V-g). The ester group present in said compounds of formula (V-g) can be readily converted into a carboxy group, as in compounds of formula (V-h), by well known methods, such as saponification with aqueous alkali hydroxide, such as lithium hydroxide, in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, or tetrahydrofuran, or mixtures thereof, followed by conversion into an acyl choride, as in compounds of formula (V-i), by well-known methods such a reaction with oxalyl chloride in a solvent such as dichloromethane in the presence of N,N-dimethylformamide. Said acyl chloride functionality can be reacted subsequently with a N-hydroxy amidine of formula (XI), in which R4b has the meaning as given for general formula (I), in a solvent such as dichloromethane or N,N-dimethylformamide, in the presence of a base such as trimethylamine, triethylamine or N,N-diisopropylethylamine, at a temperature in the range from 0° C. to 50° C., preferably 20° C. to 40° C., for a time in the range from 2 hours to 24 hours, to give intermediate compounds of formula (V-j), which can be reacted with carboxylic esters of formula (VI-a), in which R7 has the meaning as given for general formula (I), in which RA represents a C1-C4-alkyl group, preferably methyl or ethyl, and in which LG2 represents a leaving group as defined herein, preferably a chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom, or a (methylsulfonyl)oxy or [(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy group, more preferably a bromine atom, in a dipolar aprotic solvent as defined herein, preferably N,N-dimethylformamide, at a temperature in the range from 0° C. to 50° C., preferably at room temperature as defined herein, for a time in the range from 2 hours to 24 hours, preferably from 12 hour to 20 hours, more preferably 16 hours, to give intermediate ester compounds of formula (XVI). Said intermediate ester compounds can be reacted with ammonia, in an aliphatic alcohol C1-C4-alkyl-OH, preferably methanol or ethanol, as a solvent, at a temperature in the range from 0° C. to 50° C., preferably at room temperature as defined herein, more preferably at 25° C., for a time in the range from 2 hours to 24 hours, preferably from 12 hour to 20 hours, more preferably 16 hours, to give compounds of the present invention, of formula (I-e). Specific examples are described in the Experimental Section.
Alternatively to establishing the oxadiazole moiety from the acyl cloride function present in intermediates of formula (V-i), also their precursor carboxylic acids of formula (V-h) can be reacted with a N-hydroxy amidine of formula (XI), in which R4b has the meaning as given for general formula (I), in a dipolar aprotic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, in the presence of propane phosphonic anhydride and in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or N,N-diisopropylethylamine, at a temperature in the range from 20° C. to 100° C., preferably 50° C. to 70° C., more preferably 60° C., for a time in the range from 2 hours to 24 hours, preferably 16 hours, to give intermediate compounds of formula (V-j), which can be processed further as described supra. Specific examples are described in the Experimental Section.
Compounds of formulae (VI-a), (XI), (XII), (XIII), and (XV) are largely commercially available or can be prepared using methods known to the person skilled in the art; for a synthesis protocol of N-hydroxy amidines of formula (XI) see Intermediates 64 and 67, in the Experimental section below.
Scheme 6 exemplifies (without any limitation to the invention) the conversions of advanced intermediates of formulae (V-k) and (V-m), which can be prepared using the methods described in the preceding Schemes, in combination with well-established methods such as the saponification of carboxylic esters or the oxidation of primary alcohols, and which are substituted with a group not covered within the definition of R4, which however allows for establishing diverse R4 groups from a common precursor. Thus, carboxylic acid derivatives of formula (V-m) can be reacted in well-known amide coupling reactions with amines of formula (XVII), in which R15 and R16 have the meanings as given for general formula (I), in the presence of a coupling reagent such as HATU and a tertiary amine such as triethylamine or N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and optionally in the presence of DMAP, in a dipolar aprotic solvent as defined herein, preferably N,N-dimethylformamide, at a temperature in the range from 0° C. to 50° C., preferably at room temperature as defined herein, for a time in the range from 2 hours to 24 hours, preferably from 12 hour to 20 hours, to give carboxamide compounds of the invention, of formula (I-f). Likewise, aldehydes of formula (V-m) can be reacted in well-known reductive amination reactions with amines of formula (XVIII), in which R1° and R11 have the meanings as given for general formula (I), in the presence of acetic acid in a mixture of methanol, tetrahydrofuran and N,N-dimethylformamide, followed by the addition of sodium cyanoborohydride, at a temperature in the range from 0° C. to 50° C., preferably at room temperature as defined herein, for a time in the range from 2 hours to 24 hours, preferably from 12 hour to 20 hours, to give aminoalkyl compounds of the invention, of formula (I-g). Specific examples are described in the Experimental Section.
Amines of formulae (XVII) and (XVIII) are commercially available.
In accordance with a second aspect, the present invention covers methods of preparing compounds of formulae (I-a) and (I-b), which are sub-sets of general formula (I), supra, which when taken together they form.
In accordance with a second embodiment of the second aspect, said methods comprise the step of allowing an intermediate compound of formula (V-a):
in which R1 and R4 are as defined for the compound of general formula (I) as defined supra, to react with a compound of formula (VI):
R2-LG2 (VI),
in which R2 is as defined for the compound of general formula (I) as defined supra, and in which LG2 represents a leaving group as defined herein, thereby giving a compound of formula (I-a):
in which R1, R2 and R4 are as defined supra.
In accordance with a third aspect, the present invention covers methods of preparing compounds of formulae (I-a) and (I-b), which are sub-sets of general formula (I), supra, which when taken together they form.
In accordance with a second embodiment of the third aspect, said methods comprise the step of allowing an intermediate compound of formula (V-a):
in which R1 and R4 are as defined for the compound of general formula (I) as defined supra, to react with a compound of formula (VI):
R-LG2 (VI)
in which R2 is as defined for the compound of general formula (I) as defined supra, and in which LG2 represents a leaving group as defined herein, thereby giving a compound of formula (I-a):
in which R1, R2 and R4 are as defined supra, then optionally converting said compound into solvates, salts and/or solvates of such salts using the corresponding (i) solvents and/or (ii) bases or acids.
The present invention covers methods of preparing compounds of the present invention of general formula (I), said methods comprising the steps as described in the Experimental Section herein.
In accordance with a fourth aspect, the present invention covers the use of intermediate 5 compounds for the preparation of the compounds of formulae (I-a) and (I-b), which are sub-sets of general formula (I), supra, which when taken together they form.
In accordance with a second embodiment of the fourth aspect, the present invention covers the intermediate compounds of formula (V-a):
in which R1 and R4 are as defined for the compound of general formula (I) supra, for the preparation of a compound of formula (I-a) as defined supra.
The present invention covers intermediate compounds which are disclosed in the Example Section of this text, infra.
The present invention covers the use of intermediate compounds which are disclosed in the Example Section of this text, infra.
The present invention covers any sub-combination within any embodiment or aspect of the present invention of intermediate compounds of formulae (V-a), supra.
NMR peak forms are stated as they appear in the spectra, possible higher order effects have not been considered. The multiplicities are stated according to the signal form which appears in the spectrum, NMR-spectroscopic effects of a higher order were not taken into consideration. Multiplicity of the NMR signals: s=singlet, d=doublet, t=triplet, q=quartet, quin=quintet, br=broad signal, m=multiplet. NMR signals: shift in [ppm]. Combinations of multiplicity could be e.g. dd=doublet from doublet.
Chemical names were generated using software programs such as the ACDName batch version 14.05 from ACDLabs and BioVia Draw 2019 Version 19.1 NET, and chemical names were adapted if needed. In some cases generally accepted names of commercially available reagents were used in place of chemical names generated using abovementioned software programs.
All reagents the synthesis of which is not described in the experimental part were purchased commercially, or said reagents are known compounds or can be formed from known compounds by known methods by a person skilled in the art.
Table 1 lists the abbreviations used in this paragraph and in the Examples section as far as they are not explained within the text body. Other abbreviations have their meanings customary per se to the skilled person.
Method 1/Acidic Instrument: Waters Acquity UPLC-MS SQD 3001; column: Acquity UPLC BEH C18 1.7 50×2.1 mm; eluent A: water+0.1 vol % formic acid, eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient: 0-1.6 min 1-99% B, 1.6-2.0 min 99% B; flow 0.8 mL/min; temperature: 60° C.; injection: 2 μL; DAD scan: 210-400 nm; ELSD
Instrument: Waters Acquity UPLC-MS SQD 3001; column: Acquity UPLC BEH C18 1.7 50×2.1 mm; eluent A: water+0.2 vol % aqueous ammonia (32%), eluent B: acetonitrile;
gradient: 0-1.6 min 1-99% B, 1.6-2.0 min 99% B; flow 0.8 mL/min; temperature: 60° C.; injection: 2 μL; DAD scan: 210-400 nm; ELSD
Instrument: Waters Acquity UPLC-MS SingleQuad; Column: Acquity UPLC CSH C18 1.7μm 50×2.1 mm; eluent A: water+0.2 vol % aqueous ammonia (32%), eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient: 0-1.6 min 1-99% B, 1.6-2.0 min 99% B; flow 0.8 mL/min; temperature: 60° C.; DAD scan: 210-400 nm.
5-95AB, Shimadzu
Instrument: SHIMADZU LCMS-2020 SingleQuad; Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18E 25-2 MM; eluent A: water+0.0375 vol % trifluoroacetic acid, eluent B: acetonitrile+0.01875 vol % trifluoroacetic acid; gradient: 0-0.8 min, 5-95% B, 0.8-1.2 min 95% B; flow 1.5 mL/min; temperature: 50° C.; PDA: 220 nm & 254 nm.
Optical Rotation Optical rotations were measured with a JASCO Polarimeter 2000 using the solvent and concentration stated in each case at 20° C., wavelength 589 nm, integration time 10 s, layer 5 thickness 100 mm.
The example compounds and intermediates produced according to the methods of the invention may require purification. Purification of organic compounds is well known to the person skilled in the art and there may be several ways of purifying the same compound. In some cases, no purification may be necessary. In some cases, the compounds may be purified by crystallization. In some cases, impurities may be stirred out using a suitable solvent. In some cases, the compounds may be purified by chromatography, particularly flash column chromatography, using for example prepacked silica gel cartridges, e.g. Biotage SNAP cartidges KP-Sil® or KP-NH® in combination with a Biotage autopurifier system (SP4® or Isolera Four®) and eluents such as gradients of hexaneethyl acetate or dichloromethanemethanol. In some cases, the compounds may be purified by preparative HPLC using for example a Waters autopurifier system equipped with a diode array detector and/or on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometer in combination with a suitable prepacked reverse phase column and eluents such as gradients of water and acetonitrile which may contain additives such as trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid or aqueous ammonia.
In some cases, purification methods as described above can provide those compounds of the present invention which possess a sufficiently basic or acidic functionality in the form of a salt, such as, in the case of a compound of the present invention which is sufficiently basic, a trifluoroacetate or formate salt for example, or, in the case of a compound of the present invention which is sufficiently acidic, an ammonium salt for example. A salt of this type can either be transformed into its free base or free acid form, respectively, by various methods known to the person skilled in the art, or be used as salts in subsequent biological assays. It is to be understood that the specific form (e.g. salt, free base etc.) of a compound of the present invention as isolated and as described herein is not necessarily the only form in which said compound can be applied to a biological assay in order to quantify the specific biological activity.
Specific methods are described below, and in the respective protocols describing the preparations of example compounds and intermediates.
Instrument: pump: Labomatic HD-3000, head HDK 280, low pressure gradient module ND-B1000; manual injection valve: Rheodyne 3725i038; detector: Knauer Azura UVD 2.15; collector: Labomatic Labocol Vario-4000; column: Chromatorex RP C-18 10 μm, 125×30 mm; eluent; gradient; UV-Detection. Eluent: solvent A: water+0.1 vol % formic acid (99%; acidic) or 0.2 vol % aqueous ammonia (32%, basic), solvent B: acetonitrile; flow 150 mL/min.
Method A: 0.00-0.50 min 1% B, 0.50-6.00 min 1-25% B, 6.00-6.10 min 25-100% B, 6.10-8.00 min 100% B
Method B: 0.00-0.50 min 10% B, 0.50-6.00 min 10-50% B, 6.00-6.10 min 50-100% B, 6.10-8.00 min 100% B
Method C: 0.00-0.50 min 15% B, 0.50-6.00 min 15-55% B, 6.00-6.10 min 55-100% B, 6.10-8.00 min 100% B
Method D: 0.00-0.50 min 30% B, 0.50-6.00 min 30-70% B, 6.00-6.10 min 70-100% B, 6.10-8.00 min 100% B
Method E: 0.00-0.50 min 40% B, 0.50-6.00 min 40-80% B, 6.00-6.10 min 80-100% B, 6.10-8.00 min 100% B
Instrument: Waters autopurification system; column: Waters CSH C18 5 μ 100×30mm; eluent A: water+0.1 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (32%), eluent B: acetonitrile, DAD scan: 210-400 nm; MS Instrument: QDA (Waters); Collector-Trigger: DAD-MS flow rate: 60 mL/min
Separations of stereoisomeric mixtures, such as racemic compounds, by chiral HPLC can result in the isolation of single stereoisomers without known configuration of the respective stereogenic centres in the isolated isomers. In the following, the full chemical names of all such separated isomers obtained from an isomeric mixture, including (R) and (S) configurations, are listed in alphabetical order together with all respective intermediate or example numbers, followed by the individual isomers with data on their analytics, isolation and yield, followed by descriptors such as “(enantiomer 1)”, “(stereoisomer 2)”, and the like. Likewise, example compounds obtained from starting materials being single stereoisomers of unknown absolute configuration are disclosed herein in an analogous fashion. The order of the full chemical names (including (R) and (S) configurations) cannot be construed as to encode for any correlation to the individual intermediate or example numbers.
Instrument: Biotage Isolera Four; pump: Dual-Piston; flow rate: 1 to 200 mL/min; internal detector: 200-400 nm (variable UV detector); solvent inlets: 4; cartridges: Biotage SNAP Ultra™, sizes: 10 g, 25 g, 50 g, 100 g, 340 g, media: Biotage® HP-Sphere-25 micron 35 spherical silica, resolution: minimum 7000 N/m (plates per meter) typical 10 000 N/m; solvent A: hexane, solvent B: ethyl acetate, solvent C: dichlormethane, solvent D: ethanol; solvent E: methanol; UV collection modes: single/dual/λ-All wavelengths (variable UV); fractionation modes: volume, threshold, threshold with volume, low slope, medium slope, custom slope or via external detection
Method X: gradient with solvent A and B, λ-all
Method Y: gradient with solvent C and D, λ-all
Method Z: gradient with solvent C and E, λ-all
The various aspects of the invention described in this application are illustrated by the following examples which are not meant to limit the invention in any way.
The example testing experiments described herein serve to illustrate the present invention and the invention is not limited to the examples given.
1-fluoro-4-isothiocyanatobenzene (230 mg, 0.76 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (6 mL) followed by the addition of 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (116 mg, 0.76 mmol) and cyanamide (38.5 mg, 42 mmol). After stirring for 45 min at rt further 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (58 mg, 0.38 mmol) and 2-bromo-1-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]ethanone (Intermediate 9, 230 mg, 0.76 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight followed by the addition of water and ethyl acetate. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with brine and filtered through a water repellent filter circle (MN 617 WA) and evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by Biotage (method X) to give 26 mg (0.06 mmol, 8% yield) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=7.24-7.28 (m, 2 H), 7.70-7.78 (m, 4H), 8.06 (d, J=8.62 Hz, 2H), 8.87 (br s, 1H), 8.97 (br s, 1H), 11.24 (s, 1H).
LC-MS (method 2) Rt=0.96 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=416.3 [M+H]+
The following intermediates were prepared from commercial starting or separately prepared materials as stated in Table 2, below, using the procedure as for Intermediate 1, followed by purification by chromatography if needed. If no purification is specified, the respective title compound was isolated as crude product.
The crude product was either purified by RP-HPLC (methods A-D depending on polarity) or by preparative flash chromatography (Biotage, methods X, Y or Z depending on polarity) if necessary. In case of a missing precipitation, the reaction mixture was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtrated and evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by chromatography as stated in Table 2.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 7.26 (m, 2 H), 7.62 (m, 2 H), 7.64 (s, 1 H), 7.69 (m, 2 H), 8.00 (m, 2 H), 8.61 (m, 1 H), 8.76 (m, 1 H), 11.10 (br s, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.13 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z = 415.2 [M + H]+ 100% yield
1-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]ethenone (500 mg, 2.25 mmol) in THF (12.5 mL) at 0° C. was treated with phenyl trimethyl ammonium tribromide (844 mg, 2.25 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight, diluted with water and extracted three times with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, filtrated and 10 evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by Biotage (method X) to give 383 mg (1.27 mmol, 56% yield) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=5.00 (s, 2H), 7.71 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 8.09 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H).
1-[3-(3-pyridyl)isoxazol-5-yl]ethanone (100 mg, 0.53 mmol) and 1-bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (189 mg, 1.06 mmol) were solved in acetonitrile (2.5 mL) and treated with trimethyl silyl trifluormethane sulfonate (118 mg, 0.53 mmol, TMS-OTf). The reaction mixture was stirred for 9 h at 40° C. followed by the addition of further 1-bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (189 mg, 1.06 mmol). After stirring at 40° C. overnight, water was added to the reaction mixture followed by the extraction with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, filtered through a water repellent filter circle (MN 617 WA) and evaporated to dryness. The crude product (quant.) was used without further purification.
LC-MS (method 1): Rt=0.83 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=266.9 [M+H]+
1-[3-(4-pyridyl)isoxazol-5-yl]ethanone (250 mg, 1.33 mmol) and 1-bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (473 mg, 2.66 mmol) were solved in acetonitrile (6 mL) and treated with trimethyl silyl trifluormethane sulfonate (295 mg, 1.33 mmol, TMS-OTD. The reaction mixture was stirred for 9 h at 40° C. followed by the addition of further 1-bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (473 mg, 2.66 mmol). After stirring at 40° C. for 4 h and rt for further 48 h, water was added to the reaction mixture followed by the extraction with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, filtered through a water repellent filter circle (MN 617 WA) and evaporated to dryness. The crude product (quant.) was used without further purification.
1-fluoro-4-isothiocyanatobenzene (250 mg, 1.63 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (15 mL) followed by the addition of 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (248.5 mg, 1.63 mmol) and cyanamide (82.3 mg, 1.96 mmol). After stirring for 45 min at rt, further 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (96 mg, 0.62 mmol) and ethyl 5-(bromoacetyl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylate (124 mg, 0.81 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (6 mL) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The suspension was treated with water and the precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with water and some ethyl acetate and dried by lyophilization to give 586 mg (1.25 mmol, 76%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=1.33 (t, J=7.10 Hz, 3H), 4.39 (q, J=7.10 Hz, 2H), 7.22-7.26 (m, 3H), 7.67-7.70 (m, 2H), 8.70-8.74 (m, 2H), 11.13 (s, 1H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.86 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=377.3 [m+H]+
Ethyl 5-[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylate (2.3 g, 6.1 mmol, Intermediate 12) was suspended in THF (60 mL) and treated with 1M aqueous sodium hydroxide (61 mL, 61 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight followed by the addition of 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid up to pH 4. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried to yield 1.73 g (4.96 mmol, 81%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=4.42 (br s, 1H), 7.23 (m, 3H), 7.68 (m, 2H), 8.70 (m, 2H), 11.12 (s, 1H).
LC-MS (method 1): Rt=0.84 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=349.2 [M+H]+
rac-Ethyl 5-[4-amino-2-(N-(2-amino-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-4-fluoro-anilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylate (1.99 g, 4.45 mmol, Example 9) was suspended in THF (42 mL) and treated with 1M aqueous sodium hydroxide (45 mL, 45 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight followed by the addition of 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid up to pH 5. The solution was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, filtered through a water repellent filter circle (MN 617 WA) and evaporated to dryness to give 383 mg (21% yield) of the title compound.
LC-MS (method 1): Rt=0.74 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=420.1 [M+H]+
5-[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 144 μmol, Intermediate 13) and 1-methylcyclopentanamine (17.1 mg, 173 μmol) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (1 mL). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (27.8 mg, 215 μmol) and HATU (65.5 mg, 173 μmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h, then evaporated to dryness in vacuo and triturated with isopropanol. The organic phase was filtrated and evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by RP-HPLC (method C, basic) to give 23 mg (37% yield) of the title compound.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.95 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=430.5 [m+H]+
5-[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 144 μmol, Intermediate 13) and rac-3,3-dimethylcyclopentanamine (19.5 mg, 173 μmol) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (1 mL). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (27.8 mg, 215 μmol) and HATU (65.5 mg, 173 μmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h followed by the addition of water. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo to yield 20 mg (50 μmol, 31%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 0.98 (s, 3H), 1.07 (s, 3H), 1.44 (m, 2H), 1.54 (m, 1H), 1.67 (m, 1H), 1.77 (m, 1H), 2.03 (m, 1H), 4.35 (m, 1H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.26 (t, J=8.87 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (m, 2H), 8.69 (m, 2H), 8.85 (d, J=7.60 Hz, 1H), 11.13 (m, 1H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.99 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=444.4 [M+H]+
5-[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 144 μmol, Intermediate 13) and rac-2,2-dimethylcyclopentanamine (19.5 mg, 173 μmol) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (1 mL). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (27.8 mg, 215 μmol) and HATU (65.5 mg, 173 μmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h followed by the addition of water. The solution was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, filtered through a water repellent filter circle (MN 617 WA) and evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by RP-HPLC (method C, basic) to give 13 mg (20% yield) of the title compound.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.99 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=444.5 [M+H]+
5-[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 144 μmol, Intermediate 13) and rac-3,3-difluorocyclopentanamine; hydrochloride (27.2 mg, 173 μmol) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (1 mL). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (27.8 mg, 215 μmol) and HATU (65.5 mg, 173 μmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h followed by the addition of water. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo to yield 34 mg (70 μmol, 52%) of the title compound.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.83 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=452.3 [M+H]+
5-[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 144 μmol, Intermediate 13) and propane-2-amine (10.2 mg, 173 μmol) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (1 mL). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (27.8 mg, 215 μmol) and HATU (65.5 mg, 173 μmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 48 h followed by the addition of water. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo to yield 11.9 mg (30 μmol, 21%) of the title compound.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.76 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=390.3 [M+H]+
5-[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 144 μmol, Intermediate 13) and (2RS)-1-methoxypropan-2-amine (15.4 mg, 173 μmol) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (1 mL). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (27.8 mg, 215 μmol) and HATU (65.5 mg, 173 μmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 48 h followed by the addition of water. The solution was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, filtered through a water repellent filter circle (MN 617 WA) and evaporated to dryness to give 60 mg (quant., crude) of the title compound.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.74 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=420.3 [M+H]+
5-[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 144 μmol, Intermediate 13) and 1,3-difluoropropan-2-amine (16.4 mg, 173 μmol) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (1 mL). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (27.8 mg, 215 μmol) and HATU (65.5 mg, 173 μmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 48 h followed by the addition of water. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacua to yield 38.8 mg (91 μmol, 63%) of the title compound.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.72 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=424.3 [M+H]+
5-[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 144 μmol, Intermediate 13) and aminoacetonitrile, hydrochloride (15.9 mg, 173 μmol) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (1 mL). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (27.8 mg, 215 μmol) and HATU (65.5 mg, 173 μmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 48 h followed by the addition of water. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo to yield 46.2 mg (119 μmol, 83%) of the title compound.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.65 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=387.2 [M+H]+
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.76 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=426.3 [M+H]+
5-[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 144 μmol, Intermediate 13) and cis-3-fluorocyclobutanamine (15.4 mg, 173 μmol) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (1 mL). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (27.8 mg, 215 μmol) and HATU (65.5 mg, 173 μmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h followed by the addition of water. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo to yield 61.8 mg (quant.) of the title compound.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.79 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=420.3 [M+H]+
5-[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 144 μmol, Intermediate 13) and trans-3-fluorocyclobutanamine (15.4 mg, 173 μmol) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (1 mL). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (27.8 mg, 215 μmol) and HATU (65.5 mg, 173 μmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h followed by the addition of water. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo to yield 46.1 mg (110 μM, 77%) of the title compound.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.79 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=420.3 [M+H]+
1,2-difluoro-4-isothiocyanatobenzene (3.27 g, 19 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (60 mL) followed by the addition of 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (2.9 g, 19 mmol) and cyanamide (0.96 g, 22.9 mmol). After stirring for 45 min at rt, further 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (1.46 g, 9.5 mmol) and ethyl 5-(bromoacetyl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylate (5 g, 19 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (28 mL) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The suspension was treated with water and the precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with water and some ethyl acetate and dried by lyophilization to give 5.89 g (14.48 mmol, 76%) of the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=1.34 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 4.39 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.31 (m, 1H), 7.47 (dt, J=10.39, 9.12 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (ddd, J=12.86, 7.29, 2.41 Hz, 1H), 8.75 (br d, J=2.03 Hz, 2H), 11.28 (s, 1H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.81 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=395.2 [M+H]+
Ethyl 5-[4-amino-2-(3,4-difluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylate (3.64 g, 9.23 mmol, Intermediate 26) was suspended in THF (90 mL) and treated with 1M aqueous sodium hydroxide (92 mL, 92 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3h followed by the addition of 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid up to pH 3. The organic solvent was evaporated, and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were filtered through a water repellent filter circle (MN 617 WA) and evaporated to dryness to give 3.25 g (8.9 mmol, 96%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=7.18 (s, 1H), 7.32 (m, 1H), 7.47 (dt, J=10.39, 9.12 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (ddd, J=12.80, 7.35, 2.41 Hz, 1H), 8.74 (br s, 2H), 11.27 (s, 1H), 14.33 (m, 1H).
LC-MS (method 1): Rt=0.47 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=367.2 [M+H]+
5-[4-amino-2-(3,4-difluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (280 mg, 0.76 mmol, Intermediate 27) and cyclopentanamine (65.1 mg, 0.76 mmol) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (5.6 mL). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (148 mg, 1.15 mmol) and HATU (436 mg, 1.15 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h and then treated with water. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo to give 228 mg (0.53 mmol, 69% yield) of the title compound.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.88 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=434.3 [M+H]+
5-[4-amino-2-(3,4-difluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (250 mg, 0.68 mmol, Intermediate 27) and 1-methylcyclobutanamine; hydrochloride (83 mg, 0.68 mmol) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (5 mL). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (176 mg, 1.36 mmol) and HATU (389 mg, 1.0 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h and then treated with water. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo to give 228 mg (0.66 mmol, 96% yield) of the title compound.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.88 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=434.3 [M+H]+
5-[4-amino-2-(3,4-difluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (250 mg, 0.68 mmol, Intermediate 27) and 3,3-difluorocyclobutanamine, hydrochloride (98 mg, 0.68 mmol) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (5 mL). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (176 mg, 1.36 mmol) and HATU (389 mg, 1.0 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h and then treated with water. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo to give 288 mg (0.63 mmol, 93% yield) of the title compound.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.79 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=456.3 [M+H]+
1-fluoro-4-isothiocyanatobenzene (393 mg, 2.56 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (12 mL) followed by the addition of 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (390 mg, 2.57 mmol) and cyanamide (129.3 mg, 3.1 mmol). After stirring for 45 min at rt, further 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (195 mg, 1.28 mmol) and ethyl 3-bromopyruvate (500 mg, 2.56 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (4 mL) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The suspension was treated with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered off and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography (method Y) to give 289 mg (0.93 mmol, 36%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=1.32 (m, 1H), 4.23 (d, J=7.10 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (t, J=8.87 Hz, 3H), 7.67 (m, 2H), 8.65 (s, 2H), 11.02 (s, 1H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.75 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=310.2 [M+H]+
N-Hydroxyisobutyramidine (14 mg, 0.14 mmol) was solved in dry THF (1.5 mL) and treated with sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 6.5 mg, 0.16 mmol) for 1 h at rt followed by the addition of ethyl 2-[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazol-5-yl]-2-oxo-acetate (50 mg, 0.16 mmol, Intermediate 31). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 h, filtrated and purified by by RP-HPLC (method B, basic) to give 19 mg (34% yield) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=1.31 (d, J=6.84 Hz, 6H) 3.10-3.21 (m, 1H) 7.17-7.30 (m, 2H) 7.63-7.75 (m, 2H) 8.73-8.96 (m, 2H) 11.10-11.20 (m, 1H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.84 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=348.4 [M+H]+
To a mixture of methyl 3-hydroxy-1,2-oxazole-5-carboxylate (2.00 g, 14.0 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL) were added chloro difluoro acetic acid sodium salt (5.31 g, 34.9 mmol) and potassium carbonate (2.9 g, 21.0 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate.
The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude product as a white solid. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=3: 1) to give methyl 3-(difluoromethoxy)-1,2-oxazole-5-carboxylate (1.60 g, 59% yield) as a white solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.621 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=193.7 [M+H]+.
To a solution of methyl 3-(difluoromethoxy)-1,2-oxazole-5-carboxylate (1.60 g, 8.29 mmol, Intermediate 33) in methanol (24 mL) were added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (3.48 g, 82.9 mmol) and water (4.8 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to the reaction to adjust the pH=4. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue as a white solid. The residue was diluted in water and filtered. The filter cake was dried in vacuo to give 3-(difluoromethoxy)-1,2-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid (1.40 g, 94% yield) as a white solid.
To a solution of 3-(difluoromethoxy)-1,2-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid (700 mg, 3.91 mmol, Intermediate 34), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.0 mL, 12 mmol) and O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N,N-tetrametyluronium hexafluorophosphate (1.78 g, 4.69 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (14 mL) was added N-methoxymethanamine-hydrochloric acid salt (458 mg, 4.69 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydride sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue as a yellow solid. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=10:1 then 3:1) to give 3-(difluoromethoxy)—N-methoxy-N-methyl-1,2-oxazole-5-carboxamide (300 mg, 35% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.686 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=222.8 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of 3-(difluoromethoxy)—N-methoxy-N-methyl-1,2-oxazole-5-carboxamide (300 mg, 1.35 mmol, Intermediate 35) in tetrahydrofuran (8.0 mL) was added methyl magnesium bromide (1.40 mL, 4.10 mmol, 3 M in diethyl ether) at −78° C. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (300-400 mesh, petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=10:1) to give 1-[3-(difluoromethoxy)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]ethanone (110 mg, 46% yield) as yellow oil.
To a mixture of potassium hydroxide (1.73 g, 30.9 mmol) in ethanol (39 mL) were added cyanamide (1.30 g, 30.9 mmol) and 1-fluoro-4-isothiocyanatobenzene (4.74 g, 30.9 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 hour. The reaction mixture was filtered. The filter cake was washed with ethanol (40.0 mL) and dried in vacuo to give potassium N′-cyano-N-(4-fluorophenyl)carbamimidothioate (4.90 g, 68% yield) as a white solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.316 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=195.7 [M+H]+.
To a solution of 1-[3-(difluoromethoxy)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]ethan-1-one (110 mg, 0.621 mmol, Intermediate 36) in dichloromethane (2.0 mL) were added bromine (0.064 mL, 1.2 mmol) and acetic acid (0.071 mL) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) to give 2-bromo-1-[5-bromo-4-(3-bromo-4-methoxybenzyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]ethan-1-one (130 mg, 82% yield) as yellow oil.
To a mixture of 2-bromo-1-[3-(difluoromethoxy)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]ethan-1-one (130 mg, 0.508 mmol, Intermediate 38) in ethanol (2.0 mL) was added potassium N′-cyano-N-(4-fluorophenyl)carbamimidothioate (142 mg, 0.609 mmol, Intermediate 37) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue as a brown solid. The residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give [4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl][3-(difluoromethoxy)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]methanone (60.0 mg, 32% yield) as a deep yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.898 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=370.8 [M+H]+.
To a solution of cyclopentane carbaldehyde (3.00 g, 30.6 mmol) and hydroxylamine hydrogen chloride (1:1) (3.19 g, 45.9 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) was added potassium carbonate (3.17 g, 22.9 mmol) at 20° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated to remove the solvent. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a crude product as colorless oil. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (100-200 mesh, petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:0 then 10:1) to give N-(cyclopentyl methylene)hydroxylamine (3.0 g, 87% yield) as colorless oil.
To a solution of N-(cyclopentylmethylidene)hydroxylamine (3.00 g, 26.5 mmol, Intermediate 40) in dichloromethane (40 mL) were added N-chlorosuccinimide (3.72 g, 27.8 mmol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (2.0 mL) at 20° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give N-hydroxy cyclopentane carboximidoyl chloride (3.00 g, 77% yield) as yellow oil.
To a solution of N-hydroxy cyclopentane carboximidoyl chloride (3.00 g, 20.3 mmol, Intermediate 41) and rac-but-3-yn-2-ol (1.50 g, 21.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 mL) was added triethylamine (5.7 mL, 41 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give a residue as a yellow solid. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (100-200 mesh, petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give 1-(3-cyclopentyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)ethanol (2.40 g, 65% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.665 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=182.1 [M+H]+.
To a solution of rac-1-(3-cyclopentyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)ethan-1-ol (2.40 g, 13.2 mmol, Intermediate 42) in dichloromethane (30 mL) was added 1,1,1-triacetoxy-1lambda5,2-benziodoxo1-3(1H)-one (11.2 g, 26.5 mmol) at 20° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude product as yellow oil. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=10:1 then 3:1) to give 1-(3-cyclopentyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)ethan-1-one (2.00 g, 84% yield) as yellow oil.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.74 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=180.1 [M+H]+.
To a solution of 1-(3-cyclopentyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)ethan-1-one (200 mg, 1.12 mmol, Intermediate 43) in dichloromethane (2.0 mL) were added bromine (0.11 mL, 2.2 mmol) and acetic acid (0.13 mL) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give 2-bromo-1-(3-cyclopentyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)ethan-1-one (200 mg, 69% yield) as yellow oil.
To a mixture of 2-bromo-1-(3-cyclopentyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)ethan-1-one (200 mg, 0.775 mmol, Intermediate 44) in ethanol (2.0 mL) was added potassium N′-cyano-N-(4-fluorophenyl) carbamimidothioate (217 mg, 0.930 mmol, Intermediate 37) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue as a yellow solid. The residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give [4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](3-cyclopentyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methanone (100 mg, 35% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.870 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=373.1 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of 2,4-dichloro-1,3-thiazole (5.00 g, 32.5 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) was added lithium diisopropylamide (24.0 mL, 49.0 mmol, 2 M in tetrahydrofuran-hexane solution) at −70° C. The mixture was stirred at −70° C. for 1 hour. Diethyl ethanedioate (9.49 g, 64.9 mmol) was added to the mixture at −70° C. The mixture was stirred at −70° C. for another 1 hour. The mixture was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product as brown oil. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (100-200 mesh, petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) to give ethyl (2,4-dichloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)(oxo)acetate (8.0 g, 97% yield) as a yellow solid.
A mixture of ethyl (2,4-dichloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)(oxo)acetate (7.00 g, 27.5 mmol, Intermediate 46) and 4-fluoroaniline (3.37 g, 30.3 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (100 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacua to give a crude product as a yellow solid. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (100-200 mesh, petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1 then 1:1) to give ethyl [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](oxo)acetate (6.35 g, 68% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.1.162 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=328.7 [m+H]+.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=9.48 (s, 1H), 7.44-7,39 (m, 2H), 7.18 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.40 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.41 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).
To a mixture of ethyl [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](oxo)acetate (2.00 g, 6.08 mmol, Intermediate 47) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) and water (10 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (383 mg, 9.13 mmol) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove the tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was acidified by hydrochloric acid (2 M) to pH=4˜5. The mixture was filtered. The filter cake was washed with water and dried in vacuo to give [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](oxo)acetic acid (1.82 g, 95% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.793 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=300.7 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](oxo)acetic acid (1.82 g, 6.05 mmol, Intermediate 48) in dichloromethane (20 mL) were added oxalyl chloride (0.79 mL, 9.1 mmol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (0.2 mL) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hour. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](oxo)acetyl chloride (2.00 g, 43% purity, 45% yield) as a yellow solid.
To a mixture of [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](oxo)acetyl chloride (950 mg, 43% purity, 1.28 mmol, Intermediate 49) and N-hydroxybenzenecarboximidamide (192 mg, 1.41 mmol) in dichloromethane (5.8 mL) was added trimethylamine (0.36 mL, 2.6 mmol) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 16 hours. The mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was washed with ethyl acetate (30 mL×2) to give [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methanone (300 mg, 58% yield) as a orange solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=1.041 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=400.8 [M+H]+.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=11.72 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.69-7.63 (m, 5H), 7.32 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H).
To a mixture of [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methanone (200 mg, 0.499 mmol, Intermediate 50) in N,N-dimethylformamide (8.0 mL) were added potassium carbonate (138 mg, 0.998 mmol) and rac-ethyl-2-bromopropanoate (181 mg, 0.998 mmol) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product. The crude product was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3: 1) to give rac-ethyl N-{4-chloro-5-[(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)carbonyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-N-(4-fluorophenyl)alaninate (80 mg, 32% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.994 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=501.1 [m+H]+.
To a mixture of [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](oxo)acetic acid (1.00 g, 3.33 mmol, Intermediate 48) and N-hydroxyethanimidamide (493 mg, 6.65 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) were added propane phosphonic anhydride (10.6 g, 16.6 mmol, 50% in ethyl acetate) and triethylamine (1.39 mL, 9.98 mmol) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 16 hours. The mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product as brown oil. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (100-200 mesh, petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1 then 3:1) to give [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methanone (150 mg, 13% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.914 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=338.7 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methanone (110 mg, 0.325 mmol, Intermediate 52) and rac-ethyl-2-bromopropanoate (118 mg, 0.649 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.0 mL) was added potassium carbonate (89.8 mg, 0.649 mmol) at 25° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product as a yellow solid. The crude product was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give rac-ethyl N-{4-chloro-5-[(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)carbonyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}—N-(4-fluorophenyl)alaninate (70.0 mg, 49% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.918 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=439.1 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of N-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanimidamide (437 mg, 3.76 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.2 mL, 12.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (9.4 mL) was added [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](oxo)acetyl chloride (1 g, 3.13 mmol, Intermediate 49) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product as brown oil. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (100-200 mesh, petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=10:1 then 5:1) to give (3-tert-butyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)[4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methanone (150 mg, 13% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.930 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=381.1 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of (3-tert-butyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)[4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methanone (150 mg, 0.394 mmol, Intermediate 54) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2.0 mL) were added potassium carbonate (109 mg, 0.788 mmol) and rac-ethyl-2-bromopropanoate (143 mg, 0.788 mmol) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product. The crude product was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3: 1) to give rac-ethyl N-{5-[(3-tert-butyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)carbonyl]-4-chloro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-N-(4-fluorophenyl)alaninate (90.0 mg, 48% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=1.088 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=481.1 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](oxo)acetic acid (1.00 g, 3.33 mmol, Intermediate 48) and N-hydroxypyridine-2-carboximidamide (547 mg, 3.99 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) were added propane phosphonic anhydride (10.6 g, 16.6 mmol, 50% purity) and triethylamine (1.4 mL, 9.98 mmol) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 16 hours. The mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was triturated with ethyl acetate (10.0 mL) to give [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl][3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methanone (400 mg, 50% purity, 15% yield) as an orange solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.940 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=401.8 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl][3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]nethanone (350 mg, 50% purity, 0.436 mmol, Intermediate 56) and rac-ethyl-2-bromopropanoate (158 mg, 0.871 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (3.5 mL) was added potassium carbonate (120 mg, 0.871 mmol) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product. The crude product was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give rac-ethyl N-(4-chloro-5-{[3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]carbonyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)—N-(4-fluorophenyl)alaninate (105 mg, 48% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=1.009 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=501.9 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](oxo)acetyl chloride (1 g, 3.13 mmol, Intermediate 49) and triethylamine (1.75 mL, 12.5 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5.0 mL) was added 3-fluoro-N-hydroxybenzene-1-carboximidamide (580 mg, 3.76 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3: 1) to give [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl][3-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methanone (300 mg, 23% yield) as yellow oil.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.957 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=419.1 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl][3-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methanone (150 mg, 0.358 mmol, Intermediate 58) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2.0 mL) were added potassium carbonate (99.0 mg, 0.716 mmol) and rac-ethyl-2-bromopropanoate (130 mg, 0.716 mmol) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified preparative thin layer chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give rac-ethyl N-(4-chloro-5-{[3-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]carbonyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)alaninate (80.0 mg, 43% yield) as brown oil.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=1.014 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=519.2 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of N-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylbenzene-1-carboximidamide (617 mg, 3.76 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.18 mL, 12.5 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (11 mL) was added [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](oxo)acetyl chloride (1.00 g, 3.13 mmol, Intermediate 49) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1) to give [3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl][2-(4-fluoroanilino)-4-hydroxy-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methanone (105 mg, 8% yield) as yellow oil.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.992 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=411.1 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of [3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl][2-(4-fluoroanilino)-4-hydroxy-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methanone (105 mg, 0.256 mmol, Intermediate 60) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2.0 mL) were added potassium carbonate (70.7 mg, 0.512 mmol) and rac-ethyl-2-bromopropanoate (92.6 mg, 0.512 mmol) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product. The crude product was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give rac-ethyl N-(5-{[3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]carbonyl}-4-hydroxy-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)alaninate (80.0 mg, 61% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=1.14 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=511.1 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of N-hydroxy cyclopropane carboximidamide (399 mg, 3.99 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) were added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.89 mL, 16.6 mmol) and [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](oxo)acetyl chloride (1.06 g, 3.32 mmol, Intermediate 49) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 35° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=10:1 then 5:1) to give [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methanone (100 mg, 20% purity, 2% yield) as brown solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.987 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=365.0 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methanone (100 mg, 20% purity, 0.0548 mmol, Intermediate 62) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2.0 mL) were added potassium carbonate (15.2 mg, 0.110 mmol) and rac-ethyl-2-bromopropanoate (19.9 mg, 0.110 mmol) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product. The crude product was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give rac-ethyl N-{4-chloro-5-[(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)carbonyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-N-(4-fluorophenyl)alaninate (10.0 mg, 84% purity, 18% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.854 min; MS (ESlpos): rniz=464.9 [M+H]+.
To a solution of 1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (1.00 g, 9.34 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) were added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (649 mg, 9.34 mmol) and sodium ethanolate (762 mg, 11.2 mmol) at 25° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 16 hours. The mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give N-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboximidannide (1.05 g, 80% yield) as light-yellow oil.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.150 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=141.1 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of N-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboximidamide (527 mg, 3.76 mmol, Intermediate 64) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (4.4 mL, 13 mmol, 50% purity) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was added [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](oxo)acetyl chloride (1.00 g, 3.13 mmol, Intermediate 49) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl][3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methanone (100 mg, 8% yield) as yellow oil.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.934 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=404.8 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl][3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methanone (100 mg, 0.247 mmol, Intermediate 65) and rac-ethyl-2-bromopropanoate (89.4 mg, 0.494 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.5 mL) was added potassium carbonate (68.3 mg, 0.494 mmol) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product. The crude product was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give rac-ethyl N-(4-chloro-5-{[3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]carbonyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)alaninate (30.0 mg, 24% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.993 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=505.0 [M+H]+.
To a solution of cyclopentane carbonitrile (1.00 g, 10.5 mmol) in ethanol (10.0 mL) were added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (803 mg, 11.6 mmol) and sodium ethanolate (858 mg, 12.6 mmol) at 25° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 16 hours. The mixture was filtered, and 15 the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give N-hydroxy cyclopentane carboximidamide (1.00 g, 74% yield) as light yellow oil.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.149 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=129.0 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of N-hydroxy cyclopentane carboximidamide (145 mg, 1.13 mmol, Intermediate 67) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.650 mL, 3.76 mmol) in dichloromethane (3.0 mL) was added [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](oxo)acetyl chloride (300 mg, 0.940 mmol, Intermediate 49) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product. The crude product was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](3-cyclopentyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methanone (60.0 mg, 16% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=1.045 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=392.9 [M+H]+.
To a mixture of [4-chloro-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl](3-cyclopentyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methanone (60 mg, 0.153 mmol, Intermediate 68) and rac-ethyl-2-bromopropanoate (55.3 mg, 0.305 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.0 mL) was added potassium carbonate (42.2 mg, 0.305 mmol) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product. The crude product was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give rac-ethyl N-{4-chloro-5-[(3-cyclopentyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)carbonyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-N-(4-fluorophenyl)alaninate (30 mg, 40% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=1.008 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=493.1 [M+H]+.
1-Fluoro-4-isothiocyanatobenzene (699 mg, 4.56 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (28 mL) and cyanamide (230 mg, 5.48 mmol) was added at room temperature followed by DBU (0.68 mL, 4.56 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 45 minutes then additional DBU (0.34 mL, 2.28 mmol) followed by 1-bromo-4-trimethylsilyl-but-3-yn-2-one (1.0 g, 4.56 mmol) as a solution in acetonitrile (14 mL) were added at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h, then it was cooled with an ice bath and was diluted with water and a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and triturated with hexane, dried at high vacuum to give 810 mg (3.1 mmol, 68%) of the title compound which was employed in the next step without further purification.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.70 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=262.2 [M+H]+
1-[4-Amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazol-5-yl]prop-2-yn-1-one (570 mg, 2.18 mmol, Intermediate 70) and potassium carbonate (904 mg, 6.55 mmol) were mixed together in DMF (15 mL), then rac-2-bromopropanamide (497 mg, 3.27 mmol) was added portion wise and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and water. After separation of the phases, the aqueous phase was extracted again three times with ethyl acetate, the combined organic phases were washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue thus obtained was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method Z, methanol+2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (33%)) to give 135 mg (0.37 mmol, 17%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ 8.0-8.3 (br s, 1H), 7.7-8.0 (br s, 1H), 7.6-7.7 (m, 2H), 7.59 (s, 1H), 7.37 (t, 2H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.27 (s, 1H), 5.04 (br d, 1H, J=6.3 Hz), 4.37 (s, 1H), 1.16 (d, 3H, J=7.4 Hz).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.85 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=333.4 [m+H]+.
To a solution of 2-fluoro benzaldoxime (200 mg, 1.44 mmol) in DMF (1.4 mL), N-chlorosuccinimide (35 mg, 0.28 mmol) was added to it in one portion to initiate the reaction. After few minutes, the remaining N-chlorosuccinimide (176 mg, 1.3 mmol) was added portion wise over few minutes avoiding that the reaction temperature went above 40° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for three hours at room temperature, thin layer chromatography check (hexane:ethyl acetate 7:3) showed complete consumption of starting material and formation of a less polar spot. The solution was diluted with ethyl acetate and brine, the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under vacuum to obtain an oily residue that was directly used in the next step without further purification.
To a solution of o-anisaldehyde oxime (175 mg, 1.16 mmol) in DMF (1.1 mL), N-chlorosuccinimide (28 mg, 0.23 mmol) was added to it in one portion to initiate the reaction. After few minutes, the remaining N-chlorosuccinimide (142 mg, 1.04 mmol) was added portion wise over few minute avoiding that the reaction temperature went above 40° C. The reaction was stirred for three hours at room temperature, thin layer chromatography check (hexane:ethyl acetate 7:3) showed complete consumption of starting material and formation of a less polar spot. The solution was diluted with ethyl acetate and brine, the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under vacuum to obtain an oily residue that was directly used in the next step without further purification.
To a solution of 2-pyridinecarbaldehyde oxime (182 mg, 1.49 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL), N-chlorosuccinimide (38 mg, 0.28 mmol) was added to it in one portion to initiate the reaction. After few minutes, the remaining N-chlorosuccinimide (170 mg, 1.29 mmol) was added portion wise over few minute avoiding that the reaction temperature went above 40° C. The reaction was stirred for three hours at room temperature. Thin layer chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate 1:1) showed formation of a less polar spot but still mainly starting material present therefore the reaction was heated to 38° C. overnight. The solution was diluted with ethyl acetate and brine, the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under vacuum to obtain an oily residue that was directly used in the next step without further purification.
To a solution of p-trifluoromethoxybenzaldoxime (305 mg, 1.49 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL), N-chlorosuccinimide (38 mg, 0.28 mmol) was added to it in one portion to initiate the reaction. After few minutes, the remaining N-chlorosuccinimide (170 mg, 1.29 mmol) was added portion wise over few minute avoiding that the reaction temperature went above 40° C. The reaction was stirred at 36° C. overnight. The solution was diluted with ethyl acetate and brine, the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under vacuum to obtain an oily residue that was directly used in the next step without further purification.
To a solution of 6-methoxypyridine-3-carbaldehyde oxime (257 mg, 1.69 mmol) in DMF (1.7 mL), N-chlorosuccinimide (43 mg, 0.32 mmol) was added to it in one portion to initiate the reaction. After few minutes, the remaining N-chlorosuccinimide (194 mg, 1.45 mmol) was added portion wise over few minute avoiding that the reaction temperature went above 40° C. The reaction was stirred at 36° C. overnight. In the morning thin layer chromatography check (hexane:ethyl acetate 1:1) showed still presence of starting material, therefore further N-chlorosuccinimide (237 mg, 1.77 mmol) was added portion wise and the reaction was stirred for an additional day at 36° C. The solution was then diluted with ethyl acetate and brine, the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under vacuum to obtain an oily residue that was directly used in the next step without further purification.
Ethyl 5-[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylate (2.6 g, 6.9 mmol, Intermediate 12) was suspended in ethanol (44 mL) and THF (26 mL) under an inert atmosphere. The suspension was cooled with an ice bath and sodium borohydride (1.05 g, 27.6 mmol) was added portion wise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then quenched by addition of a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride and water causing the formation of a yellow precipitate that was collected by vacuum filtration. The solid was washed with water, triturated with hexane and left at high vacuum to give 2.15 g (6.43 mmol, 93%) of the title compound that was used in the next step without further purification.
LC-MS (method 1): Rt=0.88 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=335.1 [M+H]+.
rac-2-(N-[4-amino-5-[3-(hydroxymethyl)isoxazole-5-carbonyl]thiazol-2-yl]-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (105 mg, 0.259 mmol, Example 65) was dissolved in DMSO (5 mL) and 2-iodoxybenzoic acid 45wt.% (322 mg, 0.517 mmol) was added portion wise to it. The reaction was stirred overnight and then was diluted with ethyl acetate, a saturated solution of sodium carbonate followed by a solution of sodium thiosulfate. The mixture was left stirring for few minutes, the organic phase was then washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacua. The residue thus obtained was used in the next step without further purification.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.80 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=404.4 [M+H]+.
rac-2-(N-[4-amino-5-[3-(hydroxymethyl)isoxazole-5-carbonyl]thiazol-2-yl]-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (250 mg, 0.62 mmol, Example 65) was dissolved in pyridineTHF 1:1 (8 mL). The reaction mixture was cooled with an ice bath and methanesulfonyl chloride (57 μL, 0.74 mmol) was added to it. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h and then it was diluted with ethyl acetate and HCI (0.01 N aqueous solution). The organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and reduced in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was used in the next step without further purification.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.95 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=484.5 [M+H]+.
3-phenyl-1,2-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (250 mg, 1.22 mmol), N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (238 mg, 2.44 mmol) were mixed in DMF (7.4 mL), then diisopropyl ethyl amine (0.85 mL, 4.87 mmol) and HATU (926 mg, 2.44 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred for one hour. The reaction mixture was poured in water and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtrated and evaporated to dryness. The residue thus obtained was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method X) to give 262 mg (1.06 mmol, 87%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=8.46 (s, 1H) 8.04-8.13 (m, 2H) 7.41-7.55 (m, 3H) 3.87 (s, 3H) 3.36 (s, 3H).
LC-MS (method 1): Rt=1.18 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=249.5 [M+H]+.
N-methoxy-N-methyl-3-phenyl-isothiazole-5-carboxamide (100 mg, 0.40 mmol, Intermediate 80) was dissolved in THF (2 mL) under an inert atmosphere, dibromomethane (0.057 mL, 0.81 mmol) was added to it and the solution was cooled to -78° C. with an acetonedry ice bath. Methyl lithium solution 1.6 M in hexane (0.5 mL, 0.81 mmol) was then added to the cooled solution. After 15 min the reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of acetic acid, diluted with ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The organic phase was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtrated and reduced under vacuum. The residue thus obtained was directly used in the next step without further purification.
1H NMR (Chloroform-d, 400 MHz) δ ppm=8.09 (s, 1H), 7.9-8.0 (m, 2H), 7.4-7.5 (m, 3H), 4.39 (s, 2H).
LC-MS (method 1): Rt=1.31 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=282.0 [M+H]+.
1-fluoro-4-isothiocyanatobenzene (57 mg, 0.37 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (4.3 mL) and cyanamide (19 mg, 0.45 mmol) was added at room temperature followed by DBU (0.055 mL, 0.37 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 45 minutes then additional DBU (0.028 mL, 0.19 mmol) followed by 2-bromo-1-(3-phenylisothiazol-5-yl)ethanone (105 mg, 0.37 mmol, Intermediate 81) as a solution in acetonitrile (1.9 mL) were added at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h, then it was cooled with an ice bath and diluted with water and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution causing precipitation of the desired product that was collected by vacuum filtration. The solid was washed with water and triturated with hexane, dried at high vacuum to give 110 mg (0.28 mmol, 75%) of the title compound which was employed in the next step without further purification.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.02 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=397.2 [M+H]+.
Methyl 3-allyloxyisoxazole-5-carboxylate (synthesized as reported in the Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 473-479) (535 mg, 2.92 mmol) was dissolved in THF (15 mL) under an inert atmosphere. Dibromomethane (0.37 mL, 5.26 mmol) was added and the solution was cooled to −78° C. with an acetonedry ice bath. Methyl lithium solution (1.6 M in hexane, 3.29 mL, 5.26 mmol) was then added to the cooled solution and the reaction was stirred for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of acetic acid, diluted with ethyl acetate, water and brine. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate and the combined organic phases were washed with a saturated solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, brine, dried over sodium sulfate and reduced under vacuum. The residue thus obtained was directly used in the next step without further purification.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm=6.65 (s, 1H) 5.99-6.12 (m, 1H) 5.41-5.50 (m, 1H) 5.36 (dd, J=10.39, 1.27 Hz, 1H) 4.81 (dt, J=5.77, 1.17 Hz, 2H) 4.37 (s, 2H).
LC-MS (method 1): Rt=1.10 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=246.0 [M+H]+.
1-fluoro-4-isothiocyanatobenzene (399 mg, 2.61 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (18 mL) and cyanamide (132 mg, 3.13 mmol) was added at room temperature followed by DBU (0.40 mL, 2.61 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 45 minutes, then additional DBU (0.18 mL, 1.29 mmol) followed by 1-(3-allyloxyisoxazol-5-yl)-2-bromo-ethanone (Intermediate 83, 642 mg, 2.61 mmol) as a solution in acetonitrile (9 mL) were added at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for three hours, then cooled with an ice bath and diluted with water and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution causing precipitation of the desired product that was collected by vacuum filtration. The solid was washed with water and triturated with hexane, dried at high vacuum to give 650 mg (1.80 mmol, 65%) of the title compound as red solid that was employed in the next step without further purification.
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.89 min; MS(ESlneg) m/z=359.3 [M−H]−.
(3-allyloxyisoxazol-5-yl)-[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazol-5-yl]methanone (Intermediate 84, 650 mg, 1.81 mmol) and potassium carbonate (748 mg, 5.42 mmol) were mixed together in DMF (12 mL), then rac-2-bromopropanamide (329 mg, 2.17 mmol) was added portion wise and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed under vacuum distillation. The residue thus obtained was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method Z, basic, 2 vol % aqueous ammonia in MeOH) to give 250 mg (0.58 mmol, 32%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=8.67 (br s, 1H) 8.46 (br s, 1H) 7.69 (dd, J=8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2H) 7.62 (br s, 1H) 7.39 (t, J=8.87 Hz, 2H) 7.29 (s, 1H) 6.67 (s, 1H) 5.96-6.09 (m, 1H) 5.40 (dq, J=17.24, 1.52 Hz, 1H) 5.29 (dq, J=10.52, 1.31 Hz, 1H) 5.10 (br s, J=0.76 Hz, 1H) 4.71 (dt, J=5.58, 1.27 Hz, 2H) 3.17 (d, J=5.07 Hz, 1H) 1.19 (d, J=7.35 Hz, 3H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.11 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=432.3 [N+H]+.
[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl][3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methanone (26 mg, 0.06 mmol; Intermediate 1) was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (0.5 mL) followed by the addition of potassium carbonate (43 mg, 0.31 mmol) and rac-2-bromopropanamide (14 mg, 0.094 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight followed by filtration and purification by RP-HPLC (method D, basic) to give 5 mg (16% yield) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=1.20 (d, J=7.35 Hz, 3H), 5.14 (q, J=7.35 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.39-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.62- 7.67 (m, 3H), 7.69-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.85-7.89 (m, 2H), 8.78-8.02 (m, 2H)
LC-MS (method 2) Rt=1.28 min MS (ESlpos): m/z=487.4 [M+H]+
The following examples were prepared from the starting materials stated in Table 3, below, using the procedure as for Example 1.
The crude product was either purified by RP-HPLC (methods A-D depending on polarity) or by preparative flash chromatography (methods X, Y or Z depending on polarity) after precipitation, extraction or filtration of the reaction mixture if necessary.
Enantiomers were separated from their racemate by chiral HPLC using the column and solvent conditions stated.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 5.11 (m, 1 H), 5.24 (s, 2 H), 6.69 (s, 1 H), 7.29 (br s, 1 H), 7.40 (m, 7 H), 7.62 (br s, 1 H), 7.69 (dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.46 (br s, 1 H), 8.67 (br s, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.20 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 482.1 [M + H]+ 42% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 5.14 (m, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.41 (dd, J = 8.87 Hz, 2 H), 7.52 (m, 4 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.72 (m, 2 H), 7.91 (m, 2 H), 8.48 (m, 1 H), 8.74 (m, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.20 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 452.3 [M + H]+ 52% yield after trituration in DCM
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 5.14 (m, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.41 (dd, J = 8.87 Hz, 2 H), 7.52 (m, 4 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.72 (m, 2 H), 7.91 (m, 2 H), 8.48 (m, 1 H), 8.74 (m, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.20 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 452.3 [M + H]+
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 5.14 (m, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.41 (dd, J = 8.87 Hz, 2 H), 7.52 (m, 4 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.72 (m, 2 H), 7.91 (m, 2 H), 8.48 (m, 1 H), 8.74 (m, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.20 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 452.3 [M + H]+ 52% yield after trituration in DCM
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 5.13 (m, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.31 (br s, 1 H), 7.40 (dd, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.59 (dd, J = 8.36, 2.03 Hz, 1 H), 7.64 (br s, 1 H), 7.74 (m, 3 H), 7.86 (m, 1 H), 8.51 (m, 1 H), 8.73 (m, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.36 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 520.2 [M + H]+ 57% yield after trituration in MTBE
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 5.13 (q, J = 7.35 Hz, 1 H), 7.30 (br s, 1 H), 7.41 (dd, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.58 (m, 3 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.71 (dd, J = 8.74, 4.94 Hz, 2 H), 7.94 (m, 2 H), 8.50 (m, 1 H), 8.74 (m, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.30 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 486.3 [M + H]+ 51% yield after trituration in DCM
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.18 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 5.10 (m, 1 H), 7.21 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.39 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (dd, J = 8.74, 4.94 Hz, 2H), 8.57 (br s, 1 H), 8.70 (br s, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.16 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 454.2 [M + H]+ 39% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.18 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 5.10 (m, 1 H), 7.21 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.39 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (dd, J = 8.74, 4.94 Hz, 2 H), 8.57 (br s, 1 H), 8.70 (br s, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.16 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 454.2 [M + H]+ 49% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.18 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 5.10 (m, 1 H), 7.21 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.39 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (dd, J = 8.74, 4.94 Hz, 2 H), 8.57 (br s, 1 H), 8.70 (br s, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.16 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 454.2 [M + H]+ 48% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.60 Hz, 3 H), 5.06-5.19 (m, 1 H), 7.28-7.32 (m, 1 H), 7.38-7.45 (m, 2 H), 7.56 (ddd, J = 7.92, 4.88, 0.89 Hz, 1 H), 7.62-7.66 (m, 2 H), 7.69- 7.74 (m, 2 H), 8.27-8.32 (m, 1 H), 8.48-8.55 (m, 1 H), 8.70 (dd, J = 4.82, 1.52 Hz, 1 H), 8.72-8.79 (m, 1 H), 9.11 (dd, J = 2.28, 0.76 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 0.98 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 453.3 [M + H]+ 38% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 5.06-5.18 (m, 1 H), 7.28-7.32 (m, 1 H), 7.41 (dd, J = 8.87 Hz, 2 H), 7.60-7.66 (m, 1 H), 7.67 (s, 1 H), 7.69-7.75 (m, 2 H), 7.88- 7.91 (m, 2 H), 8.48-8.56 (br s, 1H), 8.73-8.75 (m, 3 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 0.97 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 453.4 [M + H]+ 2% yield
Ethyl 5-[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylate (585 mg, 1.55 mmol, Intermediate 12) was suspended in DMF (10 mL) and treated with rac-2-bromo propionamide (283.5 mg, 1.86 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1074 mg, 7.8 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 48 h and then treated with water. After 30 min the reaction mixture was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous ammonium hydrochloride solution, filtered through a water repellent filter circle (MN 617 WA) and evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by Biotage (method X) to give 43 mg (6% yield) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=1.19 (d, J=7.35 Hz, 3H), 1.30 (t, J=7.10 Hz, 3H), 4.35 (q, J=7.10 Hz, 2H), 5.16 (m, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.40 (t, J=8.87 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (m, 1H), 7.71 (dd, J=8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2H), 8.59 (m, 1H), 8.74 (m, 1H).
LC-MS (method 1): Rt=1.02 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=448.4 [M+H]+
rac-5-[4-Amino-2-(N-(2-amino-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-4-fluoro-anilino)thiazole-5 carbonyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (Intermediate 14, 50 mg, 0.12 mmol) and aniline (13 mg, 0.14 mmol) were solved in 1 mL DMF and treated with HATU (54 mg, 0.14 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (23 mg, 0.18 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3.5 h, filtrated and purified by RP-HPLC (method C) to yield 24 mg (0.05 mmol, 39%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=1.21 (d, J=7.35 Hz, 3H), 5.12 (m, 1H), 7.12-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.31 (br s, 1H), 7.34-7.44 (m, 4H), 7.64 (br s, 1H), 7.68-7.78 (m, 4H), 8.57 (br s, 1H), 8.70 (br s, 1H), 10.68 (s, 1H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.11 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=495.2 [M+H]+
The following examples were prepared from the starting materials stated in Table 4, below, using the procedure as for Example 10.
The crude product was either purified by RP-HPLC (methods A-D depending on polarity) or by preparative flash chromatography (methods X, Y or Z depending on polarity) after precipitation, extraction or filtration of the reaction mixture if necessary.
Enantiomers were separated from their racemate by chiral HPLC using the column and solvent conditions stated.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.06-1.16 (m, 2H), 1.20 (d, J = 7.60 Hz, 3 H), 2.76-2.85 (m, 1 H), 4.63-4.86 (m, 1 H), 5.03-5.19 (m, 1 H), 7.10 (s, 1 H), 7.31 (br s, 1 H), 7.36-7.43 (m, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.67-7.75 (m, 2 H), 8.54 (br s, 1 H), 8.67 (br s, 1 H), 8.98 (d, J = 3.80 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 0.92 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 477.4 [M + H]+ 17% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 3.81 (s, 3 H), 5.03-5.20 (m, 1 H), 7.16 (s, 1 H), 7.31 (br s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.87 Hz, 2 H), 7.57 (s, 1 H), 7.64 (br s, 1 H), 7.71 (dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 7.99 (s, 1 H), 8.56 (br s, 1 H), 8.68 (br s, 1 H), 10.92 (s, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 0.89 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 499.3 [M + H]+ 17% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 3.48-3.59 (m, 4 H), 3.59-3.70 (m, 4 H), 5.05-5.19 (m, 1 H), 7.05 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (br s, 1 H), 7.40 (br t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.71 (br dd, J = 8.49, 5.20 Hz, 2 H), 8.54 (br s, 1 H), 8.71 (br s, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 0.92 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 489.3 [M + H]+ 34% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.21 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 5.07-5.19 (m, 1 H), 7.24 (s, 1 H), 7.31 (br s, 1 H), 7.38-7.44 (m, 2 H), 7.64 (br s, 1 H), 7.72 (br dd, J = 8.74, 4.94 Hz, 2 H), 8.60 (br s, 1 H), 8.69 (br s, 1 H), 8.98 (s, 1 H), 9.15 (s, 2 H), 11.18 (br s, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 0.73 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 497.3 [M + H]+ 34% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 0.53-0.61 (m, 2 H), 0.65- 0.73 (m, 2 H), 1.19 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 2.76-2.86 (m, 1 H), 5.04- 5.19 (m, 1 H), 7.05 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (br s, 1 H), 7.39 (t, J = 8.87 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (br dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.53 (br s, 1 H), 8.66 (br s, 1 H), 8.84 (d, J = 4.31 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 0.96 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 459.3 [M + H]+ 30% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 5.05-5.19 (m, 1 H), 7.24 (s, 1 H), 7.31 (br s, 1 H), 7.37-7.45 (m, 2 H), 7.64 (br s, 1 H), 7.69-7.79 (m, 4 H), 8.47-8.53 (m, 2 H), 8.58 (br s, 1 H), 8.70 (br s, 1 H), 10.83- 11.13 (m, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method B basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 0.88 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 496.2 [M + H]+ 14% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 3.59-3.72 (m, 2 H), 5.04-5.19 (m, 1 H), 5.95-6.28 (m, 1 H), 7.11 (s, 1 H), 7.24-7.35 (m, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.67-7.74 (m, 2 H), 8.55 (br s, 1 H), 8.69 (br s, 1 H), 9.15-9.21 (m, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method B basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 0.95 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 483.4 [M + H]+ 21% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 2.22-2.31 (m, 2 H), 4.02-4.08 (m, 2 H), 4.40 (t, J = 7.60 Hz, 2 H), 5.04- 5.18 (m, 1 H), 6.98 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (br s, 1 H), 7.37-7.44 (m, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.71 (br dd, J = 8.49, 4.69 Hz, 2 H), 8.54 (br s, 1 H), 8.70 (br s, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method B basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 0.96 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 459.3 [M + H]+ 27% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.81-1.87 (m, 4 H), 2.83- 2.87 (m, 4 H), 3.47 (t, J = 6.59 Hz, 3 H), 3.61 (t, J = 6.46 Hz, 2 H), 5.05- 5.18 (m, 1 H), 7.01 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (br s, 1 H), 7.37-7.43 (m, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.71 (dd, J = 8.87, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.53 (br s, 1 H), 8.71 (br s, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method B basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.02 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 473.3 [M + H]+ 28% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.21 (d, J = 7.60 Hz, 3 H), 5.01-5.20 (m, 1 H), 7.18-7.28 (m, 1 H), 7.31 (br s, 1 H), 7.38-7.46 (m, 3 H), 7.64 (br s, 1 H), 7.68- 7.75 (m, 2 H), 8.15 (ddd, J = 8.36, 2.53, 1.52 Hz, 1 H), 8.36 (dd, J = 4.82, 1.52 Hz, 1 H), 8.57 (br s, 1 H), 8.69 (br s, 1 H), 8.91 (d, J = 2.03 Hz, 1 H), 10.95 (br s, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method B basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 0.91 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 496.3 [M + H]+ 42% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 1.59-1.71 (m, 2 H), 1.99-2.11 (m, 2 H), 2.12-2.22 (m, 2 H), 4.29- 4.42 (m, 1 H), 5.06-5.17 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (br s, 1 H), 7.40 (br t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (br dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.54 (br s, 1 H), 8.68 (br s, 1 H), 9.02 (d, J = 7.86 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method B basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.05 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 473.3 [M + H]+ 33% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 0.18-0.24 (m, 2 H), 0.38- 0.45 (m, 2 H), 0.96-1.06 (m, 1 H), 1.19 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 3.10 (t, J = 6.34 Hz, 2 H), 5.05-5.20 (m, 1 H), 7.07 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.36- 7.44 (m, 2 H), 7.64 (br s, 1 H), 7.71 (dd, J = 8.74, 5.20 Hz, 2 H), 8.55 (br s, 1 H), 8.67 (br s, 1 H), 8.90 (t, J = 5.70 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.03 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 473.4 [M + H]+ 15% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 3.99-4.12 (m, 2 H), 5.03-5.19 (m, 1 H), 7.14 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (br s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.71 (dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.55 (br s, 1 H), 8.68 (br s, 1 H), 9.49 (br t, J = 6.08 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.01 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 501.3 [M + H]+ 19% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 0.12-0.19 (m, 2 H), 0.30- 0.37 (m, 2 H), 0.53-0.59 (m, 2 H), 0.62-0.68 (m, 2 H), 1.19 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 1.31-1.40 (m, 1 H), 5.03-5.18 (m, 1 H), 7.04 (s, 1 H), 7.29 (br s, 1 H), 7.35-7.43 (m, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.67-7.73 (m, 2 H), 8.57 (br s, 1 H), 8.66 (br s, 1 H), 9.02 (br s, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.10 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 499.4 [M + H]+ 8% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19 (d, J = 7.60 Hz, 3 H), 1.45-1.57 (m, 4 H), 1.66 (br s, 2 H), 1.84 (br d, J = 3.04 Hz, 2 H), 4.11-4.21 (m, 1 H), 5.04-5.20 (m, 1 H), 7.08 (s, 1 H), 7.24-7.36 (m, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.87 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (dd, J = 8.87, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.53 (br s, 1 H), 8.65 (br s, 1 H), 8.70 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.12 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 487.4 [M + H]+ 48% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 3.27-3.32 (m, 2 H), 3.37-3.42 (m, 2 H), 5.04-5.21 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.39 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.66- 7.74 (m, 2 H), 8.47-8.59 (m, 1 H), 8.62-8.69 (m, 1 H), 8.72 (t, J = 5.70 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.08 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 519.2 [M + H]+ 63% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 1.44-1.65 (m, 6 H), 3.36-3.43 (m, 2 H), 3.58 (br t, J = 5.32 Hz, 2 H), 5.05-5.19 (m, 1 H), 7.03 (s, 1 H), 7.29 (br s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.71 (br dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.54 (br s, 1 H), 8.71 (br s, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.07 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 487.4 [M + H]+ 27% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 5.05-5.21 (m, 1 H), 7.22 (ddd, J = 7.35, 4.82, 1.01 Hz, 1 H), 7.31 (s, 1 H), 7.34 (s, 1 H), 7.41 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.64 (br s, 1 H), 7.72 (dd, J = 8.74, 4.94 Hz, 2 H), 7.84-7.91 (m, 1 H), 8.10 (d, J = 8.36 Hz, 1 H), 8.40 (dt, J = 3.87, 0.98 Hz, 1 H), 8.58 (br s, 1 H), 8.72 (br s, 1 H), 10.94 (s, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.04 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 496.4 [M + H]+ 24% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 3.55 (br d, J = 5.32 Hz, 2 H), 4.18 (t, J = 5.32 Hz, 2 H), 5.01-5.18 (m, 1 H), 7.07 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.39 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.71 (dd, J = 8.74, 5.20 Hz, 2 H), 8.54 (br s, 1 H), 8.62-8.72 (m, 1 H), 9.05 (t, J = 5.70 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.05 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 531.1 [M + H]+ 65% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19 (d, J = 7.60 Hz, 3 H), 1.43 (s, 3 H), 1.73-1.84 (m, 2 H), 1.90-2.01 (m, 2 H), 2.26-2.37 (m, 2 H), 5.04-5.19 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (br dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.52 (br s, 1 H), 8.66 (br s, 1 H), 8.76 (s, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.12 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 487.4 [M + H]+ 16% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19 (d, J = 7.60 Hz, 3 H), 1.43 (s, 3 H), 1.73-1.84 (m, 2 H), 1.90-2.01 (m, 2 H), 2.26-2.37 (m, 2 H), 5.04-5.19 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (br dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.52 (br s, 1 H), 8.66 (br s, 1 H), 8.76 (s, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.12 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 487.4 [M + H]+ 41% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19 (d, J = 7.60 Hz, 3 H), 1.43 (s, 3 H), 1.73-1.84 (m, 2 H), 1.90-2.01 (m, 2 H), 2.26-2.37 (m, 2 H), 5.04-5.19 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (br dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.52 (br s, 1 H), 8.66 (br s, 1 H), 8.76 (s, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.12 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 487.4 [M + H]+ 43% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 2.06 (s, 6 H), 2.45 (s, 1H), 5.03- 5.18 (m, 1 H), 7.04 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (br s, 1 H), 7.39 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (br dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.53 (br s, 1 H), 8.68 (br s, 1 H), 9.34 (s, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.10 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 485.4 [M + H]+ 16% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 2.71-2.83 (m, 2 H), 2.86-3.00 (m, 2 H), 4.15-4.29 (m, 1 H), 5.04-5.18 (m, 1 H), 7.08 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (br s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.55 (br s, 1 H), 8.66 (br s, 1 H), 9.29 (d, J = 6.59 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.03 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 509.4 [M + H]+ 8% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 2.71-2.83 (m, 2 H), 2.86-3.00 (m, 2 H), 4.15-4.29 (m, 1 H), 5.04-5.18 (m, 1 H), 7.08 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (br s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.55 (br s, 1 H), 8.66 (br s, 1 H), 9.29 (d, J = 6.59 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.03 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 509.4 [M + H]+ 47% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 2.71-2.83 (m, 2 H), 2.86-3.00 (m, 2 H), 4.15-4.29 (m, 1 H), 5.04-5.18 (m, 1 H), 7.08 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (br s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.55 (br s, 1 H), 8.66 (br s, 1 H), 9.29 (d, J = 6.59 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.03 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 509.4 [M + H]+ 42% yield
The following examples were prepared from the starting materials stated in Table 5, below, using the procedure as for Example 1.
The crude product was either purified by RP-HPLC (methods A-D depending on polarity) or by preparative flash chromatography (methods X, Y or Z depending on polarity) after precipitation, extraction or filtration of the reaction mixture if necessary.
Enantiomers were separated from their racemate by chiral HPLC using the column and solvent conditions stated.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 1.74-1.86 (m, 1 H), 2.04-2.30 (m, 4 H), 2.39-2.46 (m, 1 H), 4.31-4.43 (m, 1 H), 5.04-5.19 (m, 1 H), 7.08 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (br s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.53 (br s, 1 H), 8.68 (br s, 1 H), 9.02 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 1 H) Biotage (method X) LC-MS (method 1) Rt = 1.08 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 523.4 [M + H]+ 100% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.13 (d, J = 6.59 Hz, 6 H), 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 3.98- 4.10 (m, 1 H), 5.04-5.17 (m, 1 H), 7.07 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.36-7.43 (m, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.68-7.74 (m, 2 H), 8.45- 8.57 (m, 1 H), 8.61-8.64 (m, 1 H), 8.64-8.71 (m, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C) LC-MS (method 1) Rt = 1.03 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 461.4 [M + H]+ 74% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19 (d, J = 7.60 Hz, 3 H), 4.32 (d, J = 5.58 Hz, 2 H), 4.99- 5.19 (m, 1 H), 7.13 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.71 (dd, J = 8.87, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.58 (br s, 1 H), 8.69 (br s, 1 H), 9.56 (t, J = 5.58 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 0.88 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 458.3 [M + H]+ 23% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.10 (d, J = 6.84 Hz, 3 H), 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 3.24 (s, 3 H), 3.25-3.29 (m, 1 H), 3.35- 3.39 (m, 1 H), 4.08-4.20 (m, 1 H), 5.05-5.18 (m, 1 H), 7.07 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.40 (dd, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (dd, J = 8.87, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.54 (br s, 1 H), 8.60 (d, J = 8.36 Hz, 1 H), 8.68 (br s, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C) LC-MS (method 1) Rt = 1.00 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 491.4 [M + H]+ 39% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 0.83 (s, 3 H), 0.96 (s, 3 H), 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 1.38- 1.59 (m, 3 H), 1.61-1.73 (m, 2 H), 1.83-1.97 (m, 1 H), 4.00 (q, J = 8.28 Hz, 1 H), 5.04-5.18 (m, 1 H), 7.10 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.87 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.71 (dd, J = 8.74, 5.20 Hz, 2 H), 8.37 (d, J = 9.12 Hz, 1 H), 8.53 (br s, 1 H), 8.67 (br s, 1 H) Biotage (method X) LC-MS (method 1) Rt = 1.21 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 515.4 [M + H]+ 65% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) ppm = 0.72-0.88 (m, 2H), 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 2.22-2.31 (m, 1 H), 2.68-2.73 (m, 1 H), 3.87-4.00 (m, 1 H), 4.72-4.95 (m, 1 H), 5.05-5.19 (m, 1 H), 7.07 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (dd, J = 8.74, 5.20 Hz, 2 H), 8.54 (br s, 1 H), 8.67 (br s, 1 H), 9.13 (d, J = 7.60 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C) LC-MS (method 1) Rt = 1.00 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 491.4 [M + H]+ 13% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 1.38 (s, 3H), 1.50-1.69 (m, 6 H), 2.03-2.12 (m, 2 H), 5.05-5.17 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (br s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.23 (s, 1 H), 8.52 (br s, 1 H), 8.68 (br s, 1 H) Biotage (method X) LC-MS (method 1) Rt = 1.16 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 501.4 [M + H]+ 28% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 4.40-4.57 (m, 3 H), 4.59-4.65 (m, 2 H), 5.05-5.18 (m, 1 H), 7.12 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.71 (dd, J = 8.87, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.55 (br s, 1 H), 8.65 (br s, 1 H), 9.11 (d, J = 7.86 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 0.95 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 497.4 [M + H]+ 36% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (m, J = 7.22, 1.39 Hz, 6 H), 4.26-4.41 (m, 1 H), 5.05- 5.18 (m, 1 H), 5.96 (td, J = 1.00 Hz, 1 H),7.12(s, 1 H), 7.28-7.32 (m, 1 H), 7.36-7.43 (m, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.71 (dd, J = 8.87, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.55 (br s, 1 H), 8.67 (br s, 1 H), 9.00-9.06 (m, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.00 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 497.4 [M + H]+ 74% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.20 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 2.39-2.47 (m, 2 H), 4.45-4.55 (m, 1 H), 5.04-5.14 (m, 1 H), 5.15-5.36 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.87 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (dd, J = 8.74, 5.20 Hz, 2 H), 8.53 (br s, 1 H), 8.67 (br s, 1 H), 9.16 (d, J = 7.10 Hz, 1 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.01 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 491.4 [M + H]+ 13% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 0.96 (s, 3 H), 1.04 (s, 3 H), 1.20 (d, J = 7.60 Hz, 3 H), 1.31- 1.44 (m, 2 H), 1.47-1.56 (m, 1 H), 1.58-1.69 (m, 1 H), 1.70- 1.78 (m, 1 H), 1.94-2.05 (m, 1 H), 4.23-4.36 (m, 1 H), 5.04- 5.19 (m, 1 H), 7.07 (s, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.70 (dd, J = 8.62, 5.07 Hz, 2 H), 8.54 (br s, 1 H), 8.66 (br s, 1 H), 8.74 (d, J = 7.60 Hz, 1 H) Biotage (method X) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.01 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 515.4 [M + H]+ 100% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.22 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 1.44 (s, 3 H), 1.73-1.85 (m, 2 H), 1.90-2.01 (m, 2 H), 2.27-2.38 (m, 2 H), 5.02-5.11 (m, 1 H), 7.09 (s, 1 H), 7.34 (s, 1 H), 7.51- 7.71 (m, 3 H), 7.81-7.88 (m, 1 H), 8.57 (br s, 1 H), 8.64 (br s, 1 H), 8.77 (s, 1 H) Biotage (method X) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.13 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 505.4 [M + H]+ 31% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.22 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 1.44 (s, 3 H), 1.73-1.85 (m, 2 H), 1.90-2.01 (m, 2 H), 2.27-2.38 (m, 2 H), 5.02-5.11 (m, 1 H), 7.09 (s, 1 H), 7.34 (s, 1 H), 7.51- 7.71 (m, 3 H), 7.81-7.88 (m, 1 H), 8.57 (br s, 1 H), 8.64 (br s, 1 H), 8.77 (s, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.13 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 505.4 [M + H]+ 34% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.22 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 1.44 (s, 3 H), 1.73-1.85 (m, 2 H), 1.90-2.01 (m, 2 H), 2.27-2.38 (m, 2 H), 5.02-5.11 (m, 1 H), 7.09 (s, 1 H), 7.34 (s, 1 H), 7.51- 7.71 (m, 3 H), 7.81-7.88 (m, 1 H), 8.57 (br s, 1 H), 8.64 (br s, 1 H), 8.77 (s, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.13 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 505.4 [M + H]+ 33% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.22 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 2.70-2.83 (m, 2 H), 2.87-3.00 (m, 2 H), 4.17-4.28 (m, 1 H), 5.01-5.14 (m, 1 H), 7.11 (s, 1 H), 7.34 (s, 1 H), 7.54-7.60 (m, 1 H), 7.61-7.70 (m, 2 H), 7.80-7.89 (m, 1 H), 8.57 (br s, 1 H), 8.66 (br s, 1 H), 9.30 (d, J = 6.84 Hz, 1 H) Biotage (method X) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.05 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 527.3 [M + H]+ 52% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.22 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 2.70-2.83 (m, 2 H), 2.87-3.00 (m, 2 H), 4.17-4.28 (m, 1 H), 5.01-5.14 (m, 1 H), 7.11 (s, 1 H), 7.34 (s, 1 H), 7.54-7.60 (m, 1 H), 7.61-7.70 (m, 2 H), 7.80-7.89 (m, 1 H), 8.57 (br s, 1 H), 8.66 (br s, 1 H), 9.30 (d, J = 6.84 Hz, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.05 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 527.3 [M + H]+ 42% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.22 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 3 H), 2.70-2.83 (m, 2 H), 2.87-3.00 (m, 2 H), 4.17-4.28 (m, 1 H), 5.01-5.14 (m, 1 H), 7.11 (s, 1 H), 7.34 (s, 1 H), 7.54-7.60 (m, 1 H), 7.61-7.70 (m, 2 H), 7.80-7.89 (m, 1 H), 8.57 (br s, 1 H), 8.66 (br s, 1 H), 9.30 (d, J = 6.84 Hz, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.05 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 527.3 [M + H]+ 52% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19-1.24 (m, 3 H), 1.46- 1.57 (m, 4H), 1.62-1.70 (m, 2 H), 1.80-1.92 (m, 2 H), 4.12- 4.23 (m, 1 H), 5.00-5.13 (m, 1 H), 7.11 (s, 1 H), 7.30-7.38 (m, 1 H), 7.54-7.60 (m, 1 H), 7.62- 7.71 (m, 2 H), 7.79-7.88 (m, 1 H), 8.56 (br s, 1 H), 8.64 (br s, 1 H), 8.71 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 1 H) Biotage (method X) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.13 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 505.4 [M + H]+ 36% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19-1.24 (m, 3 H), 1.46- 1.57 (m, 4H), 1.62-1.70 (m, 2 H), 1.80-1.92 (m, 2 H), 4.12- 4.23 (m, 1 H), 5.00-5.13 (m, 1 H), 7.11 (s, 1 H), 7.30-7.38 (m, 1 H), 7.54- 7.60 (m, 1 H), 7.62- 7.71 (m, 2 H), 7.79-7.88 (m, 1 H), 8.56 (br s, 1 H), 8.64 (br s, 1 H), 8.71 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.13 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 505.4 [M + H]+ 45% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.19-1.24 (m, 3 H), 1.46- 1.57 (m, 4H), 1.62-1.70 (m, 2 H), 1.80-1.92 (m, 2 H), 4.12- 4.23 (m, 1 H), 5.00-5.13 (m, 1 H), 7.11 (s, 1 H), 7.30-7.38 (m, 1 H), 7.54-7.60 (m, 1 H), 7.62- 7.71 (m, 2 H), 7.79-7.88 (m, 1 H), 8.56 (br s, 1 H), 8.64 (br s, 1 H), 8.71 (d, J = 7.35 Hz, 1 H) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.13 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 505.4 [M + H]+ 45% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 8.76-8.39 (m, 2H), 7.73- 7.68 (m, 2H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (s, 1 H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 5.15-5.05 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.07 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.55 (m, 6H), 1.19 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H) RP-HPLC [Instrument: ACSWH- GX-k; Column: Phenomenex Gemini-NX C18 75 * 30 mm * 3 μm); eluent A: water (0.225% formic acid v/v), eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient:
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 8.71-8.50 (m, 2H), 7.73-7.46 (m, 4H), 7.41-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 5.15-5.05 (m, 1H), 1.19 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H) LC-MS (method 4): Rt = 0.865 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z = 441.8 [M + H]+ RP-HPLC (Instrument: ACSWH- GX-G; Column: Unisil 3-100 C18 Ultra 150 * 50 mm * 3 μm; eluent A: water (0.225% formic acid in water), eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient: 0-10 minutes 30-60% B; flow 25 mL/minute; temperature: RT;
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 1.13-1.25 (m, 9 H), 2.96- 3.10 (m, 1 H), 5.01-5.21 (m, 1 H), 7.27-7.32 (m, 1 H), 7.39 (t, J = 8.74 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (br s, 1 H), 7.69 (br dd, J = 8.49, 4.94 Hz, 2 H), 8.68-8.79 (m, 2 H) RP-HPLC (method C basic) LC-MS (method 2) Rt = 1.08 min MS (ESIpos): m/z = 419.4 [M + H]+ 55% yield
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 8.57 (br s, 1 H) 8.42 (br s, 1 H) 7.90-7.99 (m, 3 H) 7.69 (dd, J = 8.67, 5.20 Hz, 2 H) 7.64 (br s, 1 H) 7.43-7.52 (m, 3 H) 7.37 (t, J = 8.67 Hz, 2 H) 7.31 (br s, 1 H) 5.07-5.11 (br s, 1 H) 1.19 (d, J = 7.25 Hz, 3 H). Biotage (method Y) LC-MS (method 2): Rt = 1.27 min; MS(ESIpos) m/z = 468.5 [M + H]+ 19% yield
To a mixture of ammonia in methanol (1.0 mL, ammonia gas was bubbled into methanol at −78° C. for 10 minutes) was added ethyl 2-(N-[4-chloro-5-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)thiazol-2-yl]-4-fluoro-anilino)propanoate (Intermediate 51, 80.0 mg, 0.160 mmol) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC [Instrument: GX-c; Column: Phenomenex luna C18 150*25 mm*10 μm); eluent A: water (0.225% formic acid vv), eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient: 0-10 minutes 38˜68% B; flow 25 mL/minute; temperature: RT; Detector: UV 220254 nm] and preparative thin layer chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol=20:1) to give the title compound (3.70 mg, 5% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.823 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=453.2 [M+H]+.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=8.81 (s, 2H), 7.92-7,82 (m, 2H), 7.75-7.69 (m, 2H), 7.63-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.56-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.42 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 5.21-5.04 (m, 1H), 1.21 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).
To a mixture of ammonia in methanol (2.0 mL, ammonia gas bubbled into methanol at −78° C. for 10 minutes) was added ethyl 2-(N-[4-chloro-5-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)thiazol-2-yl]-4-fluoro-anilino)propanoate (Intermediate 53, 70.0 mg, 0.160 mmol) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC [Instrument: ACS-WH-GX-L; Column: Unisil 3-100 C18 Ultra 150*50 mm*3 μm); eluent A: water (0.225% formic acid vv), eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient: 0-10 minutes 24˜54% B; flow 25 mL/minute; temperature: RT; Detector: UV 220254 nm] to give the title compound (16.0 mg, 25% yield) as a yellow solid.
LC-MS (method 4): Rt=0.837 min; MS (ESlpos): m/z=391.0 [M+H]+.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm=8.85-8.72 (m, 2H), 7.71-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.40 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 5.14-5.11 (m, 1H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.17 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 3H). The following examples were prepared from the starting materials stated in Table 6, below, using the procedure as for Example 52.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm = 8.71 (s, 2H), 7.75-7.55 (m, 3H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 5.21-5.05 (m, 1H), 1.39- 1.15 (m, 12H). LC-MS (method 4): Rt = 0.823 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z = 433.2 [M + H]+ 25% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm = 8.88-8.65 (m, 3H), 8.05- 7.95 (m, 1H), 7.93-7.86 (m, 1H), 7.75-7.59 (m, 4H), 7.41 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 5.21-5.08 (m, 1H), 1.19 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). LC-MS (method 4): Rt = 0.843 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z = 453.9 [M + H]+ 3% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm = 8.80 (s, 2H), 7.78-7.71 (m, 3H), 7.70-7.45 (m, 4H), 7.43 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 5.19- 5.10 (m, 1H), 1.22 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). LC-MS (method 4): R = 0.844 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z = 471.1 [M + H]+ 4% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm = 8.78-8.71 (m, 2H), 7.71- 7.59 (m, 3H), 7.51-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.35 (m, 3H) 7.27-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.21 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.23- 5.04 (m, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.21 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) LC-MS (method 4): R = 0.873 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z = 481.2 [M + H]+ 3% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm = 8.68-8.65 (m, 2H), 7.71- 7.66 (m, 2H), 7.59 (s, 1H), 7.39 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 5.11 (s, 1H), 2.13-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.19 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H), 1.07-1.03 (m, 2H), 0.77-0.65 (m, 2H). LC-MS (method 4): R = 0.679 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z = 416.9 [M + H]+. 9% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm = 8.80-8.71 (m, 2H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.79-7,62 (m, 4H), 7.41 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 5.20- 5.08 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 1.20 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). LC-MS (method 4): R = 0.736 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z = 457.2 [M + H]+ 6% yield
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm = 8.70 (s, 2H), 7.75-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 5.20-5.05 (m, 1H), 3.26-3.20 (m, 1H), 1.95- 1.85 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.57 (m, 6H), 1.20 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). LC-MS (method 4): R= 0.918 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z = 444.9 [M + H]+. 28% yield
rac-2-(N-[4-amino-5-(3-formylisoxazole-5-carbonyl)thiazol-2-yl]-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (Intermediate 78, 97 mg, 0.24 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of MeOH (2.5 mL), THF (0.4 mL) and DMF (0.4 mL). Cyclopentyl-methyl-amine (57 μL, 0.48 mmol) was added followed by the addition of acetic acid (14 μL, 0.24 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature followed by the addition of sodium cyanoborohydride (23 mg, 0.36 mmol).The reaction was stirred overnight and then diluted with ethyl acetate and a saturated aqueous solution of sodium carbonate and brine. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered off and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo The residue obtained was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method Z, methanol+2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (33%)) to give 14 mg (0.029 mmol, 12%) of the title compound as a yellow solid.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ ppm=8.67 (br s, 1H), 8.42 (br s, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 7.72-7.62 (m, 2H), 7.62 (br s, 1H), 7.39 (t, 2H, J=8.9 Hz), 7.29 (s, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 5.11 (br s, 1H, J=2.5, 5.6 Hz), 3.60 (s, 2H), 2.6-2.7 (m, 1H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.7-1.8 (m, 2H), 1.5-1.7 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.5 (m, 2H), 1.3-1.4 (m, 2H), 1.19 (d, 3H, J=7.4 Hz).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.17 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=487.4 [m+H]+.
rac-2-(N-[4-amino-5-(3-formylisoxazole-5-carbonyl)thiazol-2-yl]-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (Intermediate 78, 20 mg, 50 μmol) was dissolved in a mixture of MeOH (0.5 mL), THF (0.1 mL) and DMF (0.1 mL). 1-methyl-cyclopentanamine (12 μL, 99 μmol) was added followed by the addition of acetic acid (3 μL, 50 μmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature followed by the addition of sodium cyanoborohydride (5 mg, 74 μmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature and 5 h at 50° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with DMSO and acetonitrile and purified by preparative RP-HPLC (method C, basic) to obtain 4.4 mg (9 μmol, 18%) of the title compound .
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ ppm=8.65 (br s, 1H), 8.40 (br s, 1H), 7.69 (dd, 2H, J=5.1, 8.9 Hz), 7.62 (br s, 1H), 7.39 (t, 2H, J=8.9 Hz), 7.28 (br s, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 5.10 (br s, 1H), 3.66 (d, 2H, J=7.6 Hz), 1.6-1.7 (m, 2H), 1.5-1.6 (m, 4H), 1.3-1.4 (m, 2H), 1.18 (d, 3H, J=7.4 Hz), 1.09 (s, 3H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.14 min; MS(ESlneg) m/z=485.4 [M−H]−.
rac-2-(N-[4-amino-5-(3-formylisoxazole-5-carbonyl)thiazol-2-yl]-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (Intermediate 78, 17 mg, 43 μmol) was dissolved in a mixture of MeOH (0.5 mL) and DMF (0.1 mL). Cyclopentanamine (10 μL, 85 μmol) was added followed by the addition of acetic acid (2.4 μL, 43 μmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature and then sodium cyanoborohydride (4 mg, 64 μmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h at room temperature and then was heated to 50° C. overnight. The solvent was partially reduced with a stream of nitrogen and the residue was diluted with DMSO and purified by preparative RP-HPLC (method C, basic) to obtain 6.0 mg (13 μmol, 30%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 500 MHz) δ ppm=8.67 (brs, 1H, J=1.9 Hz), 8.40 (brs, 1H), 7.70 (dd, 2H, J=5.2, 8.7 Hz), 7.62 (br s, 1H), 7.39 (t, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.28 (br s, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 5.0-5.2 (m, 1H), 3.67 (d, 2H, J=6.0 Hz), 2.91-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.5-1.7 (m, 4H), 1.3-1.5 (m, 2H), 1.2-1.3 (m, 2H), 1.18 (d, 3H, J=7.6 Hz).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.10 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=473.6 [M+H]+.
rac-2-(N-[4-amino-5-(3-formylisoxazole-5-carbonyl)thiazol-2-yl]-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (Intermediate 78, 14 mg, 35 μmol) was dissolved in MeOH (0.5 mL), piperidine (5 μL, 52 μmol) was added followed by the addition of acetic acid (2.0 μL, 35 μmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature followed by the addition of sodium cyanoborohydride (2.6 mg, 42 μmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for two days at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with DMSO and purified by preparative RP-HPLC (method C, basic) to obtain 3.2 mg (7 μmol, 20%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ ppm=8.66 (brs, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.43 (brs, 1H), 7.70 (dd, 2H, J=5.1, 8.9 Hz), 7.62 (br s, 1H), 7.39 (t, 2H, J=8.9 Hz), 7.29 (br s, 1H), 6.74 (s, 1H), 5.11 (br s, 1H, J=3.3 Hz), 3.50 (s, 2H), 2.31 (m, 4H), 1.45 (m, 4H), 1.34 (m, 2H), 1.19 (d, 3H, J=7.4 Hz).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.12 min; MS(ESlneg) m/z=471.5 [M−H]−.
rac-2-(N-[4-amino-5-[3-(hydroxymethyl)isoxazole-5-carbonyl]thiazol-2-yl]-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (Example 65, 50 mg, 0.123 mmol), triphenylphosphine (65 mg, 0.247 mmol) and 4-cyanophenol (29 mg, 0.247 mmol) were dissolved in THF (1 mL) and DMF (0.5 mL). To this solution diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (46 μL, 0.234 mmol) was added dropwise and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride. The phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium carbonate and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered off and evaporated in vacuo. The residue obtained was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method Z, methanol+2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (33%)) to give 30 mg (0.058 mmol, 47%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ ppm=8.69 (br s, 1H), 8.49 (br s, 1H), 7.8-7.8 (m, 2H), 7.70 (dd, 2H, J=4.9, 8.7 Hz), 7.62 (br s, 1H), 7.39 (t, 2H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.29 (br s, 1H), 7.2-7.2 (m, 2H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 5.33 (s, 2H), 5.1-5.2 (m, 1H), 1.18 (d, 3H, J=7.4 Hz).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.09 min; MS(ESlneg) m/z=505.4 [M−H]−.
[4-amino-2-(4-fluoroanilino)thiazol-5-yl]-[3-(hydroxymethyl)isoxazol-5-yl]methanone (700 mg, 2.09 mmol, Intermediate 77) and potassium carbonate (868 mg, 6.28 mmol) were mixed together in DMF (14 mL), then rac-2-bromopropanamide (382 mg, 2.51 mmol) was added portion wise and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride. The phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed under vacuo distillation, the residue thus obtained was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method Z, methanol+2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (33%)) to give 535 mg (1.32 mmol, 63%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=8.67 (br s, 1H) 8.43 (br s, 1H) 7.70 (dd, J=8.87, 5.07 Hz, 2H) 7.62 (br s, 1H) 7.39 (t, J=8.74 Hz, 2H) 7.29 (br s, 1H) 6.79 (s, 1H) 5.53 (t, J=6.08 Hz, 1H) 5.11 (m, 1H) 4.49 (d, J=6.08 Hz, 2H), 1.18 (d, J=7.60 Hz, 3H).
LC-MS (method 1): Rt=0.82 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=406.0 [M+H]+.
rac-2-(N-[4-amino-5-[3-(hydroxymethyl)isoxazole-5-carbonyl]thiazol-2-yl]-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (Example 65, 25 mg, 62 μmol) was dissolved in DMF (0.3 mL), diisopropylethylamine (32 μL, 0.185 mmol) was added followed by the addition of 4-nitrophenyl-chloroformiate (15 mg, 0.074 mmol) as solution in THF (0.3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for three hours then further diisopropylethylamine (32 μL, 0.185 mmol) followed by aniline (11 μL, 0.123 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred for two days then it was diluted with ethyl acetate and a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride. The phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium carbonate and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC (method B, basic) to obtain 2.4 mg (5 μmol, 7%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ ppm=9.88 (s, 1H), 8.68 (br s, 1H, J=0.8 Hz), 8.4-8.5 (m, 1H), 7.69 (dd, 2H, J=5.1, 8.6 Hz), 7.62 (br s, 1H), 7.3-7.5 (m, 4H), 7.2-7.3 (m, 3H), 7.0-7.1 (m, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 5.0-5.2 (m, 1H), 1.18 (d, 3H, J=7.4 Hz).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.11 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=525.4 [M+H]+.
rac-2-(N-(4-amino-5-prop-2-ynoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (Intermediate 71, 18.5 mg, 56 μmol) was dissolved in DMSO (0.5 mL) and water (0.1 mL). 2-fluoro-N-hydroxy-benzimidoyl chloride (15 mg, 83 μmol, Intermediate 72) was added as a solution in t-BuOH (0.25 mL) directly followed by the addition of premixed copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (2.8 mg, 11 μmol) and L-(+)-ascorbic acid (2.5 mg, 14 μmol) in water (0.15 mL) and finally potassium hydrogen carbonate (25 mg, 250 μmol) was added at once. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h and then it was diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained was purified by preparative RP-HPLC (method D, basic) to obtain 3.9 mg (8 μmol, 15%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (acetone-d6, 400 MHz) δ ppm=8.8-8.9 (br s, 1H), 7.95 (dt, 1H, J=1.9, 7.7 Hz), 7.7-7.8 (m, 2H), 7.5-7.6 (m, 1H), 7.50 (br s, 1H), 7.3-7.4 (m, 4H), 7.21 (d, 1H, J=3.3 Hz), 7.1-7.2 (m, 1H), 6.64 (br s, 1H), 5.32 (q, 1H, J=7.4 Hz), 1.31 (d, 3H, J=7.4 Hz).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.19 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=470.3 [M+H]+.
rac-2-(N-(4-amino-5-prop-2-ynoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (Intermediate 71, 20 mg, 60 μmol) was dissolved in DMSO (0.5 mL) and t-BuOH (0.25 mL), then N-hydroxypyridine-2-carboximidoyl chloride (12 mg, 75 μmol, Intermediate 74) was added as a solution in THF (0.1 mL) directly followed by the addition of premixed copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (3 mg, 12 μmol) and L-(+)-ascorbic acid (2.7 mg, 15 μmol) in water (0.15 mL) and finally potassium hydrogen carbonate (27 mg, 271 μmol) as a solution in water (0.1 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for three hours and then diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained was purified by preparative RP-HPLC (method C, basic) to obtain 2.5 mg (5 μmol, 18%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ ppm=8.7-8.8 (m, 2H), 8.51 (br s, 1H), 7.9-8.0 (m, 2H), 7.72 (dd, 2H, J=5.1, 8.6 Hz), 7.64 (br s, 1H), 7.54 (ddd, 1H, J=1.5, 4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.41 (t, 2H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.30 (br s, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 5.13 (br s, 1H), 1.20 (d, 3H, J=7.4 Hz).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.03 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=453.4 [M+H]+.
rac-2-(N-(4-amino-5-prop-2-ynoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (Intermediate 71, 15 mg, 45 μmol) was dissolved in DMSO (0.3 mL) and t-BuOH (0.1 mL), then N-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzimidoyl chloride (Intermediate 75, 29 mg, 122 μmol) was added as a solution in THF (0.1 mL) directly followed by premixed copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (1.4 mg, 9 μmol) and L-(+)-ascorbic acid (2.0 mg, 11 μmol) in water (0.15 mL) and finally potassium hydrogen carbonate (23 mg, 226 μmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 38° C. overnight and then diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The phases were separated, and the organic phase was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC (method E, basic) to obtain 7.5 mg (14 μmol, 31%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, methanol-d4) δ ppm=7.92-7.98 (m, 2H) 7.62-7.69 (m, 2H) 7.36-7.43 (m, 2H) 7.29 (t, J=8.74 Hz, 2H) 7.25 (s, 1H) 5.28 (q, J=7.35 Hz, 1H) 1.29 (d, J=7.35 Hz, 3H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.33 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=436.3 [M+H]+.
rac-2-(N-(4-amino-5-prop-2-ynoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (9.5 mg, 29 μmol, Intermediate 71) was dissolved in DMSO (0.3 mL) and t-BuOH (0.1 mL), then N-hydroxy-2-methoxy-benzimidoyl chloride (11 mg, 60 μmol, Intermediate 73) was added as a solution in THF (0.1 mL) directly followed by premixed copper(II) sulfate (0.9 mg, 6 μmol) and L-(+)-ascorbic acid (1.3 mg, 7 μmol) in water (0.15 mL) and finally potassium hydrogen carbonate (13 mg, 129 μmol) was added at once. The reaction mixture was stirred at 37° C. for 2 h and at room temperature for two days. After dilution with ethyl acetate and water, the phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained was purified by preparative RP-HPLC (method D, basic) to obtain 2.5 mg (5 μmol, 18%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ ppm=8.69 (br s, 1H), 8.47 (br s, 1H), 7.7-7.8 (m, 3H), 7.64 (br s, 1H), 7.50 (ddd, 1H, J=1.8, 7.2, 8.6 Hz), 7.41 (t, 2H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.30 (br s, 1H), 7.2-7.2 (m, 2H), 7.06 (dt, 1H, J=0.9, 7.5 Hz), 5.0-5.2 (m, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 1.20 (d, 3H, J=7.6 Hz)
rac-2-(N-(4-Amino-5-prop-2-ynoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (19 mg, 57 μmol, Intermediate 71) was dissolved in THF (0.3 mL) then N-hydroxy-6-methoxy-pyridine-3-carboximidoyl chloride (17 mg, 91 μmol, Intermediate 76) as a solution in THF (0.3 mL) was added to it followed by triethylamine (32 μL, 229 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 37° C. overnight. The solvent was then removed with a stream of nitrogen and the residue thus obtained was purified by preparative RP-HPLC (method D, basic) to obtain 4.5 mg (9 μmol, 16%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ ppm=8.74 (d, 2H, J=1.8 Hz), 8.49 (br s, 1H), 8.18 (dd, 1H, J=2.4, 8.7 Hz), 7.71 (dd, 2H, J=5.2, 8.7 Hz), 7.64 (br s, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.41 (t, 2H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.30 (s, 1H), 6.9-7.0 (m, 1H), 5.0-5.2 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 1.20 (d, 3H, J=7.4 Hz).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.15 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=483.6 [M+H]+.
rac-2-(N-(4-amino-5-prop-2-ynoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (Intermediate 71, 27 mg, 81 μmol) and a 0.5 M solution of phenyl azide in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (0.24 mL, 122 μmol) were dissolved in a mixture of DMSO (0.5 mL), t-BuOH (0.25 mL) and water (0.1 mL). To this solution a premixed solution of copper(II) sulfate (2.59 mg, 16 μmol) and L-(+)-ascorbic acid (3.58 mg, 20 μmol) in water (0.15 mL) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and brine, the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained was purified by preparative RP-HPLC (method C, basic) to obtain 7.5 mg (17 μmol, 37%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ ppm=9.24 (s, 1H), 8.65 (br s, 1H), 8.05 (br s, 1H), 7.9-8.0 (m, 2H), 7.6-7.7 (m, 2H), 7.6-7.6 (m, 3H), 7.5-7.5 (m, 1H), 7.40 (t, 2H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.26 (br s, 1H), 5.0-5.2 (m, 1H), 1.19 (d, 3H, J=7.4 Hz).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.07 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=452.3 [M+H]+.
rac-[5-[4-amino-2-(N-(2-amino-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-4-fluoro-anilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazol-3-yl]methyl methanesulfonate (Intermediate 79, 200 mg, 0.41 mmol) was dissolved in THF (4 mL). Diisopropyl ethyl amine (0.36 mL, 2.1 mmol) and 3-fluoroazetidine hydrochloride (92 mg, 0.83 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and brine, the phases separated, and the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and reduced in vacuo. The residue obtained was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method Z, basic, 2 vol % aqueous ammonia in MeOH) to give 11 mg (0.02 mmol, 6%) of the title compound as yellow solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=8.68 (br s, 1H) 8.44 (br s, 1H) 7.70 (dd, J=8.87, 5.07 Hz, 2H) 7.62 (s, 1H) 7.39 (t, J=8.74 Hz, 2H) 7.29 (s, 1H) 6.77 (s, 1H) 5.16-5.26 (m, 1H) 5.00-5.15 (m, 2H) 3.68 (s, 2H) 3.48-3.63 (m, 2H) 3.12-3.26 (m, 2H) 1.18 (d, J=7.35 Hz, 3H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.97 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=463.6 [M+H]+.
rac-[5-[4-amino-2-(N-(2-amino-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-4-fluoro-anilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazol-3-yl]methyl methanesulfonate (Intermediate 79, 200 mg, 0.41 mmol) was dissolved in THF (4 mL). Diisopropyl ethyl amine (0.36 mL, 2.1 mmol) and 3,3-difluoroazetidine hydrochloride (107 mg, 0.83 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and brine, the phases were separated, and the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and reduced in vacuo The residue obtained was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method Z, basic, 2 vol % aqueous ammonia in MeOH) to give 52 mg (0.11 mmol, 26%) of the title compound as yellow solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=8.68 (br s, 1H) 8.45 (br s, 1H) 7.70 (dd, J=8.74, 5.20 Hz, 2H) 7.62 (br s, 1H) 7.39 (t, J=8.74 Hz, 2H) 7.29 (s, 1H) 6.82 (s, 1H) 5.10 (br s, 1H) 3.80 (s, 2H) 3.66 (t, J=12.55 Hz, 4H) 1.18 (d, J=7.35 Hz, 3H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.03 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=481.5 [M+H]+.
rac-[5-[4-amino-2-(N-(2-amino-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-4-fluoro-anilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazol-3-yl]methyl methanesulfonate (Intermediate 79, 200 mg, 0.41 mmol) was dissolved in THF (4 mL). Diisopropyl ethyl amine (0.36 mL, 2.1 mmol) and 4,4-difluoropiperidine (100 mg, 0.83 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and brine, the phases were separated, and the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and reduced in vacuo. The residue obtained was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method Z, basic, 2 vol % aqueous ammonia in MeOH) to give 61 mg (0.12 mmol, 29%) of the title compound as yellow solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=8.67 (br s, 1H) 8.44 (br s, 1H) 7.70 (dd, J=8.74, 5.20 Hz, 2H) 7.62 (s, 1H) 7.39 (t, J=8.74 Hz, 2H) 7.29 (s, 1H) 6.81 (s, 1H) 5.10 (br s, 1H) 3.65 (s, 2H) 1.82-2.07 (m, 4H) 1.19 (d, J=7.35 Hz, 3H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.11 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=509.4 [M+H]+.
rac-[5-[4-amino-2-(N-(2-amino-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-4-fluoro-anilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazol-3-yl]methyl methanesulfonate (Intermediate 79, 190 mg, 0.39 mmol) was dissolved in THF (4 mL). Diisopropyl ethyl amine (0.21 mL, 1.18 mmol) and rac-4,4-difluoro-3-methylpiperidine (106 mg, 0.79 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and brine, the phases were separated, and the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and reduced in vacuo. The residue obtained was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method Z, basic, 2 vol % aqueous ammonia in MeOH) to give 52 mg (0.1 mmol, 25%) of the title compound as yellow solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=8.67 (br s, 1H) 8.44 (br s, 1H) 7.70 (dd, J=8.74, 5.20 Hz, 2H) 7.62 (br s, 1H) 7.39 (t, J=8.74 Hz, 2H) 7.29 (s, 1H) 6.80 (s, 1H) 5.10 (br s 1H) 3.63 (s, 2H) 2.65-2.78 (m, 2H) 2.22-2.31 (m, 1H) 1.83-2.13 (m, 4H) 1.19 (d, J=7.35 Hz, 3H) 0.89 (d, J=6.59 Hz, 3H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.18 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=523.4 [M+H]+.
rac-[5-[4-amino-2-(N-(2-amino-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-4-fluoro-anilino)thiazole-5-carbonyl]isoxazol-3-yl]methyl methanesulfonate (Intermediate 79, 190 mg, 0.39 mmol) was dissolved in THF (4 mL). Diisopropyl ethyl amine (0.21 mL, 1.18 mmol) and rac-3-fluoropyrrolidine (70 mg, 0.79 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and brine, the phases were separated, and the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and reduced in vacuo. The residue obtained was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method Z, basic, 2 vol % aqueous ammonia in MeOH) to give 48 mg (0.1 mmol, 25%) of the title compound as yellow solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=8.68 (br s, 1H) 8.44 (br s, 1H) 7.70 (dd, J=8.87, 5.07 Hz, 2H) 7.62 (br s, 1H) 7.39 (t, J=8.74 Hz, 2H) 7.29 (br s, 1H) 6.79 (s, 1H) 5.03-5.28 (m, 2H) 3.69 (s, 2H) 2.56-2.89 (m, 3H) 2.29-2.41 (m, 1H) 2.00-2.24 (m, 1H) 1.73-1.95 (m, 1H) 1.19 (d, J=7.35 Hz, 3H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.99 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=477.4 [M+H]+.
rac-2-(N-[5-(3-allyloxyisoxazole-5-carbonyl)-4-amino-thiazol-2-yl]-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (Intermediate 85, 1.95 g, 4.52 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (135 mL) and THF (55 mL). Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (521 mg, 0.45 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred for 10 minutes followed by the addition of potassium carbonate (1.25 g, 9.03 mmol) and stirring was prolonged for one hour. Few drops of acetic acid were added and the solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method Z, acidic, 1 vol % AcOH) to give 1.64 g (4.09 mmol, 91%) of the title compound as yellow solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=11.78 (br s, 1H) 8.66 (br s, 1H) 8.38 (br s, 1H) 7.69 (dd, J=8.74, 4.94 Hz, 2H) 7.61 (br s, 1H) 7.39 (t, J=8.87 Hz, 2H) 7.28 (br s, 1H) 6.34 (s, 1H) 5.10 (br s, 1H) 1.18 (d, J=7.35 Hz, 3H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=0.47 min; MS(ESlneg) m/z=390.3 [M−H]−.
rac-2-(N-[4-Amino-5-(3-hydroxyisoxazole-5-carbonyl)thiazol-2-yl]-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (Example 78, 162 mg, 0.41 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (1 mL) and potassium carbonate (200 mg, 1.45 mmol) followed by cyclobutyl bromide (52 μL, 0.50 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was heated to 70° C. overnight then diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The phases were separated, and the organic phase was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and reduced in vacuo. The residue obtained was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method Z, basic, 2 vol % aqueous ammonia in MeOH) to give 68 mg (0.15 mmol, 37%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=8.66 (br s, 1H) 8.39-8.45 (br s, 1H) 7.69 (dd, J=8.74, 4.94 Hz, 2H) 7.62 (br s, 1H) 7.39 (t, J=8.74 Hz, 2H) 7.28 (br s, 1H) 6.60 (s, 1H) 5.10 (br s, 1 H) 4.83 (quin, J=7.22 Hz, 1H) 2.28-2.41 (m, 2H) 1.98-2.16 (m, 2H) 1.68-1.85 (m, 1H) 1.49-1.65 (m, 1H) 1.18 (d, J=7.35 Hz, 3H).
LC-MS (method 1): Rt=1.21 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=446.4 [M+H]+.
2-(N-[4-amino-5-(3-hydroxyisoxazole-5-carbonyl)thiazol-2-yl]-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (Example 78, 104 mg, 0.27 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and potassium carbonate (147 mg, 1.06 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated to 70° C. for one hour and cooled to room temperature followed by the addition of bromomethyl cyclobutane (36 μL, 0.32 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 70° C. overnight. The reaction was then diluted with ethyl acetate and water, the organic phase was washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate and reduced in vacuo. The residue obtained was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method Z, basic, 2 vol % aqueous ammonia in MeOH) and again by preparative RP-HPLC (method E, basic) to obtain 39 mg (84 μmol, 32%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=8.66 (br s, 1H) 8.45 (br s, 1H) 7.69 (dd, J=8.74, 5.20 Hz, 2H) 7.62 (br s, 1H) 7.39 (t, J=8.87 Hz, 2H) 7.29 (br s, 1H) 6.63 (s, 1H) 5.10 (br s, 1H) 4.14 (d, J=6.84 Hz, 2H) 2.61-2.81 (m, 1H) 1.95-2.10 (m, 2H) 1.68-1.97 (m, 4H) 1.18 (d, J=7.60 Hz, 3H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.28 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=460.3 [M+H]+.
rac-2-(N-[4-Am ino-5-(3-hydroxyisoxazole-5-carbonyl)thiazol-2-yl]-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (Example 78, 112 mg, 0.29 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and potassium carbonate (159 mg, 1.15 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated to 70° C. for one hour and cooled to room temperature followed by the addition of 4-bromo-1,1-difluorocyclohexane (69 mg, 0.34 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 70° C. for 72 hours, then cooled to room temperature and further 4-bromo-1,1-difluorocyclohexane (69 mg, 0.34 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated to 70° C. for additional two hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with ethyl acetate and water, the organic phase was washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate and reduced in vacuo. The residue obtained was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method Z, basic, 2 vol % aqueous ammonia in MeOH) followed by suspension of the residue in DMSO and a mixture of acetonitrilewater (1:1) causing a dense precipitate. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration and dried at high vacuum to afford 19 mg (38 μmol, 13%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=8.65 (br s, 1H) 8.46 (br s, 1H) 7.69 (dd, J=8.74, 5.20 Hz, 2H) 7.62 (br s, 1H) 7.39 (t, J=8.74 Hz, 2H) 7.29 (br s, 1H) 6.67 (s, 1H) 5.10 (br s, 1H) 4.74 (br m, 1H) 1.77-2.05 (m, 8H) 1.18 (d, J=7.35 Hz, 3H).
LC-MS (method 2): Rt=1.24 min; MS(ESlpos) m/z=510.3 [M+H]+.
rac-2-(N-[4-amino-5-(3-hydroxyisoxazole-5-carbonyl)thiazol-2-yl]-4-fluoro-anilino)propanamide (Example 78, 100 mg, 0.26 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and potassium carbonate (142 mg, 1.03 mmol) followed by 2-bromopropane (29 μL, 0.31 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture and the reaction was heated to 70° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was then diluted with ethyl acetate and water, the organic phase was washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate and reduced in vacuo. The residue obtained was purified by automated flash column chromatography (method Z, basic, 2 vol % aqueous ammonia in MeOH) and again by preparative RP-HPLC (method E, basic) to yield 44 mg (102 μmol, 40%) of the title compound.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm=8.66 (br s, J=4.31 Hz, 1H) 8.44 (br s, J=2.28 Hz, 1H) 7.69 (dd, J=8.74, 4.94 Hz, 2H) 7.62 (br s, 1H) 7.39 (t, J=8.74 Hz, 2H) 7.29 (br 5, 1H) 6.60 (s, 1H) 5.10 (br s, 1H) 4.76 (quin, J=6.08 Hz, 1H) 1.30 (d, J=6.08 Hz, 6H) 1.18 (d, J=7.35 Hz, 3H).
The crystallographic data of Example 3.1 as well as a figure depicting the thermal ellipsoids and numbering of the structure, are shown in Table 7 and
Table 8, below, lists the abbreviations used in this paragraph and in the Assays section as far as they are not explained within the text body. Other abbreviations have their meanings customary per se to the skilled person.
Examples were tested in selected biological assays one or more times. When tested more than once, data are reported as either average values or as median values, wherein
Examples were synthesized one or more times. When synthesized more than once, data from biological assays represent average values or median values calculated utilizing data sets obtained from testing of one or more synthetic batch.
The in vitro activity of the compounds of the present invention can be demonstrated in the following assays:
Human diacylglycerol kinase zeta (DGKζ) inhibitory activity of compounds of the present invention was quantified employing the human DGKζ kinase activity assay as described in the following paragraphs. In essence, the enzyme activity was measured by quantification of the adenosine-di-phosphate (ADP) generated as a co-product of the enzyme reaction via the “ADP-Glo™ Kinase Assay” kit from the company Promega. This detection system works as follows: In a first step the adenosine-tri-phosphate (ATP) not consumed in the kinase reaction is quantitatively converted to cyclic adenosine-mono-phosphate (cAMP) employing an adenylate cyclase (“ADP-Glo-reagent”), then the adenylate cyclase is stopped and the ADP generated in the kinase reaction is converted to ATP, which subsequently generates in a luciferase-based reaction a glow-luminescence signal (“Kinase Detection Reagent”).
C-terminally FLAG-tagged, recombinant full-length human DGKζ (inhouse expressed in baculovirus infected insect cells, purified using anti-Flag pulldown and size exclusion chromatography) was used as enzyme. As an alternative, commercially available enzyme by Carnabio can be used. As substrate for the kinase, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol, reconstituted in octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside micelles, was used. For the preparation of the micelles, 1 volume of a 16.1 mM solution of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol (Avanti, Cat. #08001-25G) in chloroform was slowly evaporated using a nitrogen stream. Subsequently, 22.55 volumes of a 510 mM solution of octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. #O8001-10G) in 50 mM MOPS buffer (pH 7.4) were added, and the mixture was sonicated in an ultrasonic bath for 20 s. Then 35 volumes of 50 mM MOPS buffer (pH 7.4) were added to yield a solution of 0.28 mM 1,2 dioleoyl-sn-glycerol and 200 mM octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, which was aliquoted, flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −20° C. until use. For each experiment, a fresh aliquot was quickly thawed and diluted 24-fold with aqueous assay buffer (described below) containing 95.7 μM adenosine triphosphate (Promega) to yield a 1.67-fold concentrated substrate solution.
For the assay 50 nl of a 100-fold concentrated solution of the test compound in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma) was pipetted into either a white 1536-well or a white low-volume 384-well microtiter plate (both Greiner Bio-One, Frickenhausen, Germany). Subsequently, 2 μl of a solution of human DGKζ in aqueous assay buffer [50 mM (3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS, pH 7.4, Sigma-Aldrich), 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT, Sigma-Aldrich), 100 mM NaCl (Sigma-Aldrich), 10 mM MgCl2 (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.1% (w/v) bovine gamma globulin (BGG, Sigma-Aldrich), 1 μM CaCl2 (Sigma-Aldrich)] were added to the wells, and the mixture was incubated for 15 min at 22° C. to allow pre-binding of the test compounds to the enzyme. The reaction was initiated by the addition of 3 μL of substrate solution [preparation described above; 11.7 μM 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol (⇒final conc. in the 5 μL assay volume is 7 μM), 8.33 mM octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (⇒final conc. in 5 μL assay volume is 5 mM), and 91.67 μM adenosine triphosphate (⇒final conc. in 5 μL assay volume is 55 μM) in assay buffer] and the resulting mixture was incubated for a reaction time of 20 min at 22° C. The concentration of DGKζ was adjusted depending of the activity of the enzyme lot and was chosen appropriate to have the assay in the linear range, a typical concentration is about 0.1 nM. The reaction was stopped by the addition of 2.5 μL of “ADP-Glo-reagent” (1 to 1.5 diluted with water) and the resulting mixture was incubated at 22° C. for 1 h to convert the ATP not consumed in the kinase reaction completely to cAMP. Subsequently 2.5 μl of the “kinase detection reagent” (1.2 fold more concentrated than recommended by the producer) were added, the resulting mixture was incubated at 22° C. for 1 h and then the luminescence measured with a suitable measurement instrument (e.g. Viewlux™ from Perkin-Elmer). The amount of emitted light was taken as a measure for the amount of ADP generated and thereby for the activity of the DGKζ.
The data were normalised (enzyme reaction without inhibitor=0% inhibition, all other assay components but no enzyme=100% inhibition). Usually the test compounds were tested on the same microtiterplate in 11 different concentrations in the range of 20 μM to 0.07 nM (20 μM, 5.7 μM, 1.6 μM, 0.47 μM, 0.13 μM, 38 nM, 11 nM, 3.1 nM, 0.9 nM, 0.25 nM and 0.07 nM, the dilution series prepared separately before the assay on the level of the 100 fold concentrated solutions in DMSO by serial dilutions, exact concentrations may vary depending pipettors used) in duplicate values for each concentration and IC50 values were calculated using Genedata Screener™ software.
Transactivation assays were carried out in Jurkat cells purchased from Promega (Promega, #CS187001) stably transfected with a firefly luciferase reporter gene construct under the control of the IL2-promoter. Cells were cultured as specified by the manufacturer. Bulk cells were harvested at a culture density of approx. 1E+06 cells/mL, suspended in cryo-storage medium (70% RPMI/20%FCS/10% DMSO), frozen at controlled rate of −1° min in 1.8 mL cryo-vials with cell densities of 1E+07 to 1E+08 cells per vial, and stored at −150° C. or below until further use. Frozen cells were thawed and cultured in medium at a starting density of 3.5E+05 cells/mL for 6 days. On day 6 cells were centrifuged for 5 min at 300×g, medium was decanted and cell concentration was adjusted to 5.0E+06 cells/mL with fresh assay medium (500 mL RPMI (Gibco, #22400)+5 mL L-Glutamin (Sigma, #G7513)+5 mL Penicillin Streptomycin (Sigma #P0781)+5 mL Non-essential amino acids (Invitrogen, #11140)+5 mL sodium-pyruvate (Gibco #1136088), 5 mL FBS (Biochrom, #S0615)). Cell working stock was split in two parts: neutral control and compounds with EC30 stimulation, high control with EC100 stimulation. An antibody premix was prepared by diluting anti-CD3 (BD Pharmingen, #555329), anti-CD28 (BD Pharmingen, #555725) and goat anti mouse anti-IgG (ThermoFisher, #31160) antibodies at 1/14 ratio in assay medium at 2-fold of final concentration (final concentrations depend on cell batch, typically for neutral control 0.0550.0550.22 μg/mL, for high control 0.50.52 mg/mL). The premix solutions were added to the cells in 1+1 volume prior use.
Fifty nL of a 100-fold concentrated solution of the test compounds in DMSO were transferred into a white microtiter test plate (384, Greiner Bio-One, Germany). For this, either a Hummingbird liquid handler (Digilab, USA) or an Echo acoustic system (Labcyte, USA) was used. Five μL of the freshly prepared cell suspension was added to the wells of a test plate and incubated at 37° C. in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. After completion of the incubation for 4 hours, 3 μl of Bio-Glo Luciferase assay reagent (Promega, #G7941, prepared as recommended by the supplier) were added to all wells. The test plate was incubated at 20° C. for 10 min before measurement of the luminescence in a microplate reader (typically Pherastar by BMG, Germany, or ViewLux by Perkin-Elmer, USA). Data were normalized (neutral control=0% effect, high control=100% effect). Compounds were tested in duplicates at up to 11 concentrations (typically 20 μM, 5,7 μM, 1,6 μM, 0,47 μM, 0,13 μM, 38 nM, 11 nM, 3,1 nM, 0,89 nM, 0,25 nM and 0,073 nM). Dilution series were made prior to the assay in a 100-fold concentrated form by serial dilution. EC50 values were calculated by 4-Parameter fitting using a commercial software package (Genedata Analyzer, Switzerland).
To test the effect of DGKζ inhibitors of the present invention on IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion of human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) a 24 h human PBMC assay was performed as screening assay. For this, a 96 well flat bottom plate was coated with a suboptimal stimulation condition (EC 10-30) of human aCD3 (Invitrogen, clone OKT3) antibody in 50 μL PBS/well at 4° C. overnight. PBMCs isolated and frozen at liquid N2 from leucapherese samples was thawed and resuspended in culture medium (X-Vivo-20). 4×105 cells/well were plated. Wells were treated with the DGKζ inhibitors of the present invention at the respective concentrations (5-fold dilution steps from 10 μM to 3 nM) and the final DMSO concentration per well is 0.1%. Medium+DMSO (0.1%) was used as baseline value. As positive controls 1000 ng/mL aCD3+aCD28 (1 μg/mL) and a DGKζ reference inhibitor was used. After 24 h the medium was collected and hIL-2 or hIFN-γ ELISA were performed. The following parameters were calculated: EC50 value, concentration at 50% increase; max increase in % and respective concentration and maximum effect normalized to max concentration (10 μM) of a selected DGKζ reference inhibitor.
To test the effect of DGKζ inhibitors of the present invention in murine antigen-specific T-cells, spleens and lymph nodes of OT-l mice were collected and mashed through a 40 μm cell strainer and incubated for 1 min in 1 mL ACK lysing buffer (Gibco)/spleen. 4×106 cells/mL were incubated in medium containing 0.05 ng/mL SIINFEKL (
The ability of the compounds described in this invention to bind to DGKζ were determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This allows for the quantification of binding in terms of the equilibrium dissociation constant (K[M]), as well as association and dissociation rate constants (kon [1/Ms] and kof [1/s], respectively). The measurements were performed using Biacore® T200 , Biacore® S200 or Biacore® 8K (GE Healthcare).
All buffers described in this section were prepared with 10×HBS-P+ Buffer (GE Healthcare, #BR100671) supplemented with additional buffer components as indicated below, dithiothreitol (DTT from Sigma, #D0632-25G), Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP from Sigma, #A26209-10G), MgCl2 (Sigma, #M1028-100ML), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO from Biomol, #54686.500).
For SPR measurements, recombinant and biotinylated human DGKζ (obtained from Carna Biosciences, Product number: 12-410-20N) was immobilized via the streptavidin-biotin interaction onto a Series S Sensor Chip SA (GE Healthcare, #BR-1005-31). Briefly, DGKζ was diluted to a concentration of 10 μg/mL in Immobilization Buffer (10 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% vv Surfactant P20, 2 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, pH 7.4) and captured on the SA Chip surface using a flow rate of 10 μL/min for 500 seconds at a temperature of 10° C. Immobilization levels of approximately 6000 RU were typically achieved. The reference surface consisted of a streptavidin surface without immobilized protein. Compounds were diluted from 10 mM DMSO stock solution into Running Buffer (10 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% vv Surfactant P20, 2 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, 0.2 mM ATP and 1% vv DMSO, pH 7.4). For SPR-binding measurements serial dilutions (typically 1:3 dilutions resulting in 8 concentrations up to 2 μM or 20 μM) were injected over immobilized protein. Binding affinity and kinetics were measured at 18° C. and at a flow rate of 100 μL/min.
A variation of the assay with an additional regeneration step was performed by injection of Regeneration Buffer without ATP (10 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% vv Surfactant P20, 1 mM DTT and 1% vv DMSO, pH 7.4) for 200 s at a flow rate of 30 μL/min
The double-referenced sensorgrams were fit to a simple reversible Langmuir 1:1 reaction mechanism as implemented in the Biacore® T200, S200 and 8K evaluation software (Biacore T200 Evaluation Software version 2.0, Biacore S200 Evaluation Software version 1.0, Biacore 8K Evaluation Software, GE Healthcare).
Expression of DGKζ in Insect Cells using the Baculovirus System
The cDNA encoding the full length sequence of human DGKζ (Uniprot Q13574-2) was optimized for expression in eukaryotic cells and synthesized by the GeneArt Technology at Life Technologies.
The DNA sequence encoded the following sequence:
Construct DGKζ_hu amino acid M1 to V928
Additionally the expression construct encoded: a Kozak DNA sequence for translation initiation (GCCACC), a translational start codon for methionine followed by amino acid glycine, a Flag (DYKDDDDK) sequence at the N-terminus of DGKζ, and at the C-terminus of DGKζ two stop codons and moreover 5′ and 3′ att-DNA sequences for Gateway Cloning. The DGKζ c construct was subcloned using the Gateway Technology into the Destination vector pD-INS. The vector pD-INS is a Baculovirus transfer vector (based on vector pVL1393, Pharmingen) which enables the expression of the Flag-DGKζ protein. The respective protein was named DGKz_hu_1.
Generation of recombinant Baculovirus
The DGkζ transfer vector was co-transfected in Sf9 cells with Baculovirus DNA (Flashbac Gold DNA, Oxford Expression Technologies) using Fugene HD (Roche). After 5 days the supernatant of the transfected cells containing the recombinant Baculovirus encoding the various DGK proteins was used for further infection of Sf9 cells for virus amplification whereby the virus titer was monitored using qPCR.
DGKζ expression in Sf9 cells using bioreactor
Sf9 cells cultured (Insect-xpress medium, Lonza, 27° C.) in a Wave-bioreactor with a disposable culture bag were infected at a cell density of 106 cellsmL with one of the recombinant baculovirus stocks at a multiplicity of infection of 1 and incubated for 72. Subsequently, the cells were harvested by centrifugation (800×g) and the cell pellet frozen at −80° C.
Purification of the DGKz_hu_1 protein:
Purification of the DGKz_hu_1 protein was achieved by a two-step chromatography procedure as follows.
The pelleted cells (from 8 L cell culture) were resuspended in Lysis-Buffer (25 mM Tris HCl 8.0; 500 mM NaCl; 250 mM Sucrose, 1 mM DTT; 0.1% Triton X-100; Complete Protease Inhibitor Cocktail-(Roche)) and lysed by a freeze-thaw cycle followed by an incubation on ice for 60 min in the presence of Benzonase (25 U/mL). The lysate was centrifuged at 63.000×g for 30 min at 4° C. The soluble supernatant was than incubated with 40 mL anti-Flag M2 Agarose (Sigma) in a plastic flask rotating for 16 h at 4° C. for binding of the tagged DGKζ proteins, subsequently rinsed with 5×50 mL Wash-Buffer (25 mM Tris HCl 8.0; 500 mM NaCl; 250 mM Sucrose; 1 mM DTT) and finally the bound protein was eluted using Elution-Buffer (Wash-Buffer with 250 μg/mL FLAG-Peptide, incubated 30 min. at 4° C. with 3×25 mL).
The elution fractions from the affinity chromatography were concentrated (using Amicon Ultra 15, Centrifugal Filters, 30 kDa MW cut-off; Millipore #UFC903024) to 25 mL and applied to a size exclusion chromatography column (S200 prep grade 2660, GE Healthcare) and the resulting monomeric peak fraction was collected, pooled and again concentrated. Wash-buffer with 300 mM NaCl was used for size exclusion chromatography and the final concentrated sample. The final protein sample concentration was 5 to 10 mg/mL and the yield was 5 mg final protein per L cell culture.
The in vivo activity of the compounds of the present invention can be demonstrated in the following assays:
In vivo activation of murine antigen specific OT-I T cells
Oral Administration of compounds enhances antigen-specific T cell activation in vivo.
Direct detection of antigen-specific T cell proliferation in vivo is technically challenging, since it requires the presence of T cells specific for a cognate antigen and also a specific measurement procedure for cell proliferation. Both these requirements are fulfilled in the OT-I transfer model, which utilizes the direct transfer of CD8 T cells transgenic for a T cell receptor recognizing an Ovalbumin-derived peptide as antigen.
Before transfer, the OT-I T cells were labeled with the fluorescent dye CFSE, which was diluted by every cell division and therefore allowed detection of cell proliferation. After transfer of the CFSE-labeled T cells, mice were vaccinated with the Ovalbumin antigen OVA-30 (
Mice were assigned to a study at the age of 6-8 weeks. Animal husbandry, feeding and health conditions were according to animal welfare guidelines. Syngeneic tumor cell lines were cultivated with appropriate medium and split at least 3 times before inoculation. Female mice were inoculated with appropriate amount of tumor cells in medium or a medium matrigel mixture s.c, i.v., or i.p, depending on the model. After 4-10 days the mice were randomized and therapeutic treatment started when tumors had reached a size of approx. 40-70mm2. Tumor size was measured using calipers determining length (a) and width (b). Tumor volume was calculated according to:
v=(a×b{circumflex over ( )}2)/2
Significance of monotherapies and combination treatment was calculated versus control group as determined by 2-Way ANOVA analysis.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20171280.9 | Apr 2020 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/060170 | 4/20/2021 | WO |
