Patent Application
20050124682
The present invention relates to new substituted cyclic compounds having very valuable pharmacological characteristics in respect of melatoninergic receptors.
The prior art discloses thio-substituted indole amides for use as anti-inflammatory agents (EP 624575, EP 535923), as antagonists of the release of gonadotrophin (WO 9721703), as 5HT-2B or 2C antagonists (WO 9602537), or as synthesis intermediates (Akad. Nauk Gruz., 1991, 141 (3), pp. 545-8; Pept. Chem., 1993, 31, pp. 33-6, J. Pharm. Sci., 1973, 62 (8), pp. 1374-5).
Benzo[b]thiophene compounds have also been described as anti-inflammatory agents (U.S. Pat. No. 5,350,748, U.S. Pat. No. 5,068,248) or as anti-cancer agents (Heterocycles, 1985, 23 (5), pp. 1173-80).
In the last ten years, numerous studies have demonstrated the major role played by melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) in numerous physiopathological phenomena and also in the control of circadian rhythm. Its half-life is, however, quite short owing to its being rapidly metabolised. It is thus very useful to be able to provide the clinician with melatonin analogues that are metabolically more stable and that have an agonist or antagonist character on the basis of which a therapeutic effect that is superior to that of the hormone itself may be expected.
In addition to their beneficial action on disorders of circadian rhythm (J. Neurosurg. 1985, 63, pp 321-341) and sleep disorders (Psychopharmacology, 1990, 100, pp 222-226), ligands of the melatoninergic system have valuable pharmacological properties in respect of the central nervous system, especially anxiolytic and antipsychotic properties (Neuropharmacology of Pineal Secretions, 1990, 8 (3-4), pp 264-272) and analgesic properties (Pharmacopsychiat., 1987, 20, pp 222-223), and also for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (J. Neurosurg. 1985, 63, pp 321-341) and Alzheimer's disease (Brain Research, 1990, 528, pp 170-174). Those compounds have also shown activity on certain cancers (Melatonin—Clinical Perspectives, Oxford University Press, 1988, pp 164-165), ovulation (Science 1987, 227, pp 714-720), diabetes (Clinical Endocrinology, 1986, 24, pp 359-364), and in the treatment of obesity (International Journal of Eating Disorders, 1996, 20 (4), pp 443-446).
Those various effects take place via the intermediary of specific melatonin receptors. Molecular biology studies have shown the existence of a number of receptor sub-types that can bind the hormone (Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 1995, 16, p 50; WO 97.04094). It has been possible to locate some of those receptors and to characterise them for different species, including mammals. In order to be able to understand the physiological functions of those receptors better, it is very valuable to have specific ligands available. Moreover, by interacting selectively with one or other of those receptors, such compounds can be excellent medicaments for the clinician in the treatment of pathologies associated with the melatoninergic system, some of which have been mentioned above.
In addition to the fact that the compounds of the present invention are new, they exhibit very great affinity for melatonin receptors and/or selectivity for one or other of the melatoninergic receptor sub-types.
More specifically, the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I):
R-A-R′ (I)
wherein:
Among the pharmaceutically acceptable acids there may mentioned, without implying any limitation, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphonic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, methanesulphonic acid, camphoric acid, oxalic acid etc.
Among the pharmaceutically acceptable bases there may mentioned, without implying any limitation, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, triethylamine, tert-butylamine etc.
Preferred compounds of the invention are those wherein A represents a ring system of formula (II) or (III) and, more especially, of formula (II′):
wherein B, X and the symbol
are as defined hereinbefore, or of formula (III′):
wherein B′, T′, X′ and the symbol
are as defined hereinbefore.
The invention advantageously relates to compounds wherein A, which is unsubstituted or substituted by a single substituent (in addition to R and R′) preferably in the 2-position (formula II′) or in the 3-position (formula III′), represents a ring system of formula (II′):
wherein B, X and the symbol
are as defined hereinbefore, such as, for example, benzothiophene, dihydrobenzothiophene, benzofuran, dihydrobenzofuran, indole, indoline, indan, indene, azaindole, thienopyridine or furopyridine, or of formula (III′):
wherein B′, T′, X′ and the symbol
are as defined hereinbefore, such as, for example, naphthalene, tetrahydronaphthalene, (thio)chroman, (dihydro)benzodioxin, (dihydro)benzoxathiin, (dihydro)benzochromene.
Even more advantageously, the invention relates to compounds wherein A of formula (II′) or (III′) is substituted by R in the 5-position (formula II′) or 7-position (formula III′) and by R′ in the 3-position (formula II′) or 1- or 2-position (formula III′).
Preferred substituents R of the invention are those represented by a group of formula (V), (VI) or —NR′aR″a (wherein R′a and R″a are as defined hereinbefore).
More advantageously, preferred substituents R of the invention are those represented by a group of formula (V) (wherein r is 0 and R1 represents a group Ra as defined hereinbefore), a group NR′aR″a (wherein R′a and R″a are as defined hereinbefore), or a group of formula (VI) wherein E represents a group
wherein r and Ra are as defined hereinbefore.
Even more advantageously, preferred substituents R of the invention are those represented by a group of formula (V) wherein r is 0 and R1 represents an alkyl, polyhaloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl group, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, trifluoromethyl, vinyl, allyl, propargyl, phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, phenethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, methylcyclopropyl, ethylcyclopropyl, furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, furylmethyl, pyridylmethyl, or a group NR′aR″a, wherein R′a and R″a (which may be the same or different) represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, polyhaloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl group, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, trifluoromethyl, vinyl, allyl, propargyl, phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, phenethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, methylcyclopropyl, ethylcyclopropyl, furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, furylmethyl, pyridylmethyl, or form, together with the nitrogen atom carrying them, a piperazine, piperidine, morpholine or thiomorpholine group.
Preferred substituents R′ of the invention are those wherein G represents an unsubstituted or substituted alkylene chain —(CH2)t—, wherein t is 2 or 3, and R2 represents a group
wherein Ra, R′a and R″a are as defined hereinbefore.
Even more advantageously, preferred substituents R′ of the invention are those wherein G represents a group —(CH2)t—, wherein t is 2 or 3, and R2 represents a group
wherein R′a represents an alkyl, polyhaloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloakylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl group, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, trifluoromethyl, vinyl, allyl, propargyl, phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, phenethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, methylcyclopropyl, ethylcyclopropyl, furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, furylmethyl, pyridylmethyl,
More especially, preferred compounds of the invention are those wherein A represents a ring system of formula (II′) or (III′) and R represents a group of formula (V), (VI) or —NR′aR″a.
More advantageously, the invention relates to compounds wherein:
Even more advantageously, preferred compounds of the invention are those wherein
Even more especially, the invention relates to (dihydro)benzothiophenes, (dihydro)benzofurans, indoles, indolines, indenes, indans, azaindoles, thieno- or furopyridines optionally substituted in the 2-position, and to dihydronaphthalenes, tetrahydronaphthalenes, naphthalenes or chromans optionally substituted in the 3-position,
Even more advantageously, preferred compounds of the invention are naphthalenes, optionally substituted in the 3-postion, substituted in the 7-position by a thioalkyl group such as, for example, thiomethyl, thioethyl, thiopropyl, and substituted in the 1-position by a group —(CH2)t—NHCOR′a wherein t is 2 or 3 and R′a represents an alkyl, polyhaloalkyl or cycloalkyl group, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, trifluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl.
The invention relates very particularly to the compounds of formula (I) that are:
The enantiomers and diastereoisomers, as well as the addition salts with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, of the preferred compounds of the invention form an integral part of the invention.
The invention relates also to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I), which process is characterised in that there is used as starting material the compound of formula (VIII):
wherein A and R′ are as defined hereinbefore, which is subjected to demethylation using conventional agents such as HBr, AlCl3, AlBr3, BBr3 or Lewis acid/nucleophile binary systems such as AlCl3/PhCH2SH, or BBr3/Me2S, for example, to obtain the compound of formula (IX):
HO-A-R′ (IX)
wherein A and R′ are as defined hereinbefore,
The starting compounds (VIII) are either commercially available or are described in the literature, for example in the Patent Applications EP0447285, EP0527687, EP0562956, EP0591057, EP0662471, EP0745586, EP0709371, EP0745583, EP0721938, EP0745584, EP0737670, EP0737685, or WO9738682.
The invention relates also to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) wherein R represents a ring of formula (VI), which process is characterised in that compounds of formulae (I/a) to (I/i) are used as starting materials, which are cyclised according to methods described in the literature, for example in the Patent Applications EP0708099 or WO9732871.
The compounds of the invention and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them are proving to be useful in the treatment of disorders of the melatoninergic system.
The invention relates also to the compounds of formula (XXA), a particular case of the compounds of formula (XX):
Hal-AA-R′A (XXA)
wherein:
Pharmacological study of the compounds of the invention has in fact shown them to be non-toxic, to have strong affinity for melatonin receptors and to possess important activities in respect of the central nervous system and, in particular, there have been found therapeutic properties in relation to sleep disorders, anxiolytic, antipsychotic and analgesic properties and in relation to the microcirculation, enabling it to be established that the products of the invention are useful in the treatment of stress, sleep disorders, anxiety, seasonal affective disorder, cardiovascular pathologies, pathologies of the digestive system, insomnia and fatigue resulting from jet lag, schizophrenia, panic attacks, melancholia, appetite disorders, obesity, insomnia, psychotic disorders, epilepsy, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, senile dementia, various disorders associated with normal or pathological ageing, migraine, memory loss, Alzheimer's disease, and also cerebral circulation disorders. In another field of activity, it appears that, in treatment, the products of the invention can be used in sexual dysfunction, that they have ovulation-inhibiting properties and immunomodulating properties and are able to be used in the treatment of cancers.
The compounds will preferably be used in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder, sleep disorders, cardiovascular pathologies, insomnia and fatigue resulting from jet lag, appetite disorders and obesity.
For example, the compounds will be used in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder and sleep disorders.
The present invention relates also to pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound of formula (I), alone or in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
Among the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention there may be mentioned more especially those that are suitable for oral, parenteral, nasal, per- or trans-cutaneous, rectal, perlingual, ocular or respiratory administration and especially tablets, dragees, sublingual tablets, sachets, paquets, gelatin capsules, glossettes, lozenges, suppositories, creams, ointments, dermal gels and drinkable or injectable ampoules.
The dosage varies according to the sex, age and weight of the patient, the route of administration, the nature of the therapeutic indication, or possible associated treatments, and ranges from 0.01 mg to 1 g per 24 hours in 1 or more administrations.
The following Examples illustrate the invention but do not limit it in any way. The following Preparations yield compounds of the invention or synthesis intermediates that are useful in preparation of the compounds of the invention.
Succinic anhydride (17 g, 170 mmol) is added to a solution of thioanisole (20 ml, 170 mmol) in 140 ml of tetrachloroethane and the reaction mixture is then brought to 0° C. Aluminium trichloride (45.43 g, 341 mmol) is added in portions and the reaction mixture is then heated at 60° C. for 3.00 hours. After cooling and hydrolysis in the presence of ice-cold water (500 ml) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (50 ml), the white precipitate formed is filtered off, rinsed with water and recrystallised from ethyl acetate to yield the desired acid.
Melting point=153-155° C.
A solution of the acid obtained in Step A (19.8 g, 88.1 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (68 ml, 881 mmol) is brought to 0° C. and then triethylsilane hydride (35.2 ml, 220 mmol) is added dropwise using a dropping funnel. Stirring is carried out at ambient temperature for 17 hours.
After hydrolysis, the white precipitate formed is filtered off, rinsed with water and with cyclohexane and is then purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluant: acetone/toluene/cyclohexane 30/50/20) to yield the title compound.
Melting point=53-55° C.
With the aid of a mechanical stirrer, the acid obtained in Step B (10 g, 52 mmol) is heated at 70° C. for 2 hours in the presence of 10 times as much, by weight, polyphosphoric acid (100 g). The reaction mixture is hydrolysed in ice and is then extracted with ethyl ether. The organic phase is washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and evaporated. The residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluant: dichloromethane) to yield the expected tetralone in the form of a yellow oil.
Under an inert atmosphere and at 0° C., diethyl cyanomethylphosphonate (7.6 ml, 46.8 mmol) is added dropwise to a suspension of sodium hydride (2.25 g, 46.8 mmol) in 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran. Stirring is carried out at 0° C. for 30 minutes; the compound obtained in Step C (6 g, 31.2 mmol), dissolved in 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran, is then added and the reaction mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours. After hydrolysis and extraction with ethyl acetate, the organic phase is washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and evaporated. The residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluant: petroleum ether/dichloromethane 50/50) to yield the unsaturated nitrile of the title.
Melting point=60-61° C.
The compound obtained in Step D (2 g, 9.29 mmol) is heated at 230° C. in the presence of sulphur (357 mg, 11.1 Inmol) for 16 hours. After hydrolysis and extraction with ethyl acetate, the organic phase is washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and evaporated. The residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluant: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 80/20) to yield the corresponding aromatic compound in the form of a beige solid.
Under an inert atmosphere, the compound obtained in Step E (1.93 g, 9.04 mmol), previously dissolved in 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran, is added to a 1M solution of borane in tetrahydrofuran (27.1 ml, 22.1 mmol) and the reaction mixture is then heated at reflux for 3 hours. A 6N hydrochloric acid solution (18 ml, 108 mmol) is then added very slowly and stirring is carried out at reflux for 30 minutes more. After extraction with ethyl acetate, the aqueous phase is rendered alkaline with 16% sodium hydroxide solution and is then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and evaporated. The residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluant: dichloromethane/methanol 50/50 and then methanol/ammonium hydroxide 95/5) to yield the expected amine. The amine is taken up in ethyl ether; ethyl ether saturated with gaseous hydrogen chloride is then added dropwise and the precipitate obtained is filtered off to yield the corresponding hydrochloride in the form of a white solid.
Melting point=199° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Under an inert atmosphere, 27.5 mmol of boron tribromide/dimethyl sulphide complex are dissolved in 100 ml of dichloromethane and stirred for 15 min at ambient temperature. A solution of 13.7 mmol of N-[2-(7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide in 50 ml of dichloromethane is added and the reaction mixture is heated at reflux for 30 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture is hydrolysed with caution and the dichloromethane is evaporated off. The mixture is then extracted with ethyl acetate, the combined organic phases are washed with a 1M aqueous solution of potassium bicarbonate and then with 1M sodium hydroxide solution. The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated to yield the title compound.
The procedure is as in Preparation 2, but the N-[2-(7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide is replaced by N-[2-(7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]-2-phenylacetamide.
In Preparations 4 to 125, the procedure is as in Preparation 2, but the N-[2-(7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide is replaced by the appropriate methoxylated starting substrate.
Chlorine (10 mmol) is bubbled into dichlorophenylphosphine at a flow rate such that the reaction temperature is maintained between 70 and 80° C. After all the chlorine has been added, the phenylphosphine tetrachloride so obtained is a pale yellow liquid. 10 mmol of the product obtained in Preparation 5 are added all at once and the reaction mixture is heated at 160° C. overnight. After cooling, the solution is poured into a water/ice mixture (20 ml) and is neutralised with a 50% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. After extraction with ether, the organic phases are dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a residue, which is chromatographed on silica gel to obtain the pure title product.
In Preparations 127 to 133, the procedure is as in Preparation 126, but the appropriate starting compound is used.
Starting compound: Preparation 13
Starting compound: Preparation 21
Starting compound: Preparation 49
Starting compound: Preparation 62
Starting compound: Preparation 79
Starting compound: Preparation 102
Starting compound: Preparation 110
Triphenylphosphine (10 mmol) and acetonitrile (70 ml) are poured into a 150 ml three-necked flask equipped with a bromine funnel, a condenser surmounted by a tube filled with calcium chloride and a mechanical stirrer. The solution is cooled with the aid of an ice bath, with stirring, and bromine is added (10 mmol). At the end of the addition, the ice bath is removed and the product obtained in Preparation 3 (8 mmol) is then added. The reaction mixture is stirred at 60-70° C. until the starting compound has disappeared (monitored by TLC). At the end of the reaction, the mixture is filtered and the filtrate is then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is taken up in ethyl acetate, washed with water and then with saturated potassium hydrogen carbonate solution and once again with water, and is then dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is filtered through silica gel to yield the title product.
In Preparations 135 to 159, the procedure is as in Preparation 134, starting from the appropriate reactant.
Starting compound: Preparation 16
Starting compound: Preparation 20
Starting compound: Preparation 25
Starting compound: Preparation 30
Starting compound: Preparation 34
Starting compound: Preparation 36
Starting compound: Preparation 42
Starting compound: Preparation 52
Starting compound: Preparation 59
Starting compound: Preparation 61
Starting compound: Preparation 64
Starting compound: Preparation 69
Starting compound: Preparation 78
Starting compound: Preparation 79
Starting compound: Preparation 86
Starting compound: Preparation 90
Starting compound: Preparation 92
Starting compound: Preparation 96
Starting compound: Preparation 99
Starting compound: Preparation 103
Starting compound: Preparation 109
Starting compound: Preparation 115
Starting compound: Preparation 118
Starting compound: Preparation 122
Starting compound: Preparation 124
A mixture of the product obtained in Preparation 134 (2 mmol), potassium iodide (30 mmol) and copper(I) iodide (10 mmol) in hexamethylphosphoramide (6 ml) is heated at 150-160° C., with stirring, under a nitrogen atmosphere until 90% conversion has been achieved (monitored by TLC). Then, dilute hydrochloric acid, and then ether, are added and the mixture is then filtered to remove the insoluble copper(I) salts. The organic phase is separated off, washed with sodium sulphite solution and with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and evaporated to yield a residue which is chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
In Preparations 161 to 185 the procedure is as in Preparation 160, but the product of Preparation 134 is replaced by the appropriate substrate.
Starting compound: Preparation 135
Starting compound: Preparation 136
Starting compound: Preparation 137
Starting compound: Preparation 138
Starting compound: Preparation 139
Starting compound: Preparation 140
Starting compound: Preparation 141
Starting compound: Preparation 142
Starting compound: Preparation 143
Starting compound: Preparation 144
Starting compound: Preparation 145
Starting compound: Preparation 146
Starting compound: Preparation 147
Starting compound: Preparation 148
Starting compound: Preparation 149
Starting compound: Preparation 150
Starting compound: Preparation 151
Starting compound: Preparation 152
Starting compound: Preparation 153
Starting compound: Preparation 154
Starting compound: Preparation 155
Starting compound: Preparation 156
Starting compound: Preparation 157
Starting compound: Preparation 158
Starting compound: Preparation 159
In Preparations 186 to 197 the procedure is as in Preparation 134, starting from the appropriate substrate.
Starting compound: Preparation 8
Starting compound: Preparation 15
Starting compound: Preparation 21
Starting compound: Preparation 33
Starting compound: Preparation 39
Starting compound: Preparation 50
Starting compound: Preparation 54
Starting compound: Preparation 60
Starting compound: Preparation 66
Starting compound: Preparation 77
Starting compound: Preparation 91
Starting compound: Preparation 111
In Preparations 198 to 209 the procedure is as in Preparation 160, starting from the appropriate substrate.
Starting compound: Preparation 186
Starting compound: Preparation 187
Starting compound: Preparation 188
Starting compound: Preparation 189
Starting compound: Preparation 190
Starting compound: Preparation 191
Starting compound: Preparation 192
Starting compound: Preparation 193
Starting compound: Preparation 194
Starting compound: Preparation 195
Starting compound: Preparation 196
Starting compound: Preparation 197
In Preparations 210 to 223 the procedure is as in Preparation 2.
In a 100 ml round-bottomed flask, 1 eq. of 4-chlorothiophenyl is dissolved in 4 eq. of pyridine and 50 ml of anhydrous ether, with magnetic stirring. 1.2 eq. of bromophenylacetone are then added dropwise and stirring is then carried out overnight at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture is then poured onto ice-cold water and is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is washed with 1M HCl solution and then with water, is dried over MgSO4 and is evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained is purified by chromatography on a silica gel column.
In a 100 ml round-bottomed flask, 1 eq. of the compound obtained in Step A, 10 eq. of polyphosphoric acid and 1 eq. of phosphoric anhydride are mixed together. The mixture is stirred for 3 hours at 180° C. and is then hydrolysed. Extraction with ether is carried out, and the organic phase is washed with water, dried over MgSO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained is purified by chromatography on a silica gel column.
Melting point=108-109° C.
In a 100 ml round-bottomed flask, 1 eq. of the compound obtained in Step B is dissolved in 20 ml of CCl4. 1 eq. of N-bromosuccinimide and 0.04 eq. of benzoyl peroxide are then added, and the mixture is irradiated by means of a halogen lamp and maintained at reflux for 4 hours. At the end of the reaction, the insoluble material is filtered off, and the carbon tetrachloride is evaporated off. The residue obtained is purified by chromatography on a silica gel column.
Melting point=128-129° C.
1.2 eq. of NaCN are suspended in 20 ml of dimethyl sulphoxide. The mixture is heated at 60° C. for 30 minutes and then 1 eq. of the compound obtained in Step C is added gradually. The reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour at 60° C. and is then hydrolysed. Extraction with ethyl acetate is carried out and the organic phase is washed with water, dried over MgSO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained is purified by chromatography on silica gel.
Melting point=156-157° C.
3 eq. of diborane in tetrahydrofuran and 1 eq. of the nitrile obtained in Step D are introduced into a 100 ml round-bottomed flask, and the mixture is then heated at reflux for 2 hours. After cooling, 15 eq. of 6M HCl are added and the tetrahydrofuran is evaporated off under reduced pressure. The precipitate formed is filtered off and recrystallised.
Melting point=291-292° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
The compound obtained in Step E is dissolved in a mixture of water/dichloromethane (2/3); 2 eq. of potassium carbonate are then added and 2 eq. acetyl chloride are added dropwise. After stirring for 2 hours at ambient temperature, the 2 phases are separated; the organic phase is washed with 1M HCl and then with water, until the washing waters are neutral, and is then dried over MgSO4 and evaporated. The residue obtained is purified by chromatography on silica gel.
Melting point=147-149° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Preparations 225 to 235 are obtained by proceeding as in Preparation 224.
Melting point=129-130° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Melting point=11-113° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Melting point=132-134° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Melting point=161-163° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Melting point=134-136° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Melting point=144.5-145.5° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Melting point=124-125° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Melting point=174-178° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Melting point=142-145° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Melting point=170-171° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Melting point=90-91° C.
Preparations 236 to 238 are obtained by proceeding as in Preparation 134.
0.4 mol of aluminium chloride and 94 ml of fluorobenzene are introduced into a 500 ml flask with a ground neck and then 0.2 mol of succinic anhydride is added in small portions, with magnetic stirring. The mixture is heated at 60° C. for 5 hours and is then cooled and poured into ice-cold water. After acidification using 3M HCl solution, the precipitate formed is filtered off under suction, washed with cyclohexane and recrystallised.
Melting point=102-103° C.
In a 500 ml round-bottomed flask, 0.092 mol of the compound obtained in Step A is dissolved in 200 ml of methanol The mixture is cooled using an ice bath and 0.138 mol of thionyl chloride is added dropwise. The reaction mixture is stirred for 5 hours at ambient temperature; the methanol is then evaporated off and the solid obtained is taken up in petroleum ether, filtered off under suction and used directly in the following Step.
In a 500 ml round-bottomed flask, 0.095 mol of the compound obtained in Step B is dissolved in 250 ml of methanol. 1 g of 10% activated palladium-on-carbon is added and magnetic stirring is carried out under a hydrogen atmosphere for 12 hours. The palladiated carbon is then filtered off, and the methanol is evaporated off under reduced pressure. The oil obtained is purified by chromatography on silica gel.
0.076 mol of the compound obtained in Step C is introduced in a 500 ml round-bottomed flask, and then 250 ml of water and 0.152 mol of NaOH are added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 12 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture is then acidified with 3M HCl and is extracted twice with ethyl ether. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain the title product in the form of a white solid.
Melting point=38° C.
0.055 mol of the compound obtained in Step D is introduced into a 500 ml round-bottomed flask together with 100 g of polyphosphoric acid. The reaction mixture is heated at 60° C. for 4 hours. The mixture is then cooled and poured into water; the precipitate formed is then dried and recrystallised.
Melting point=57° C.
1.6 eq. of NaH are suspended in 130 ml of anhydrous THF under a nitrogen atmosphere in a 250 ml three-necked flask. The mixture is cooled in a bath of ice/salt and 1.6 eq. of diethyl cyanomethylenephosphonate in 40 ml of THF are added dropwise. The reaction mixture is stirred for 45 minutes and then, whilst still cold, 1 eq. of the compound obtained in Step E, in 70 ml of THF, is added dropwise. The mixture is stirred for 4 hours and is then poured onto a mixture of ice/water, acidified with 3M HCl solution and extracted 3 times with ethyl ether. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure; the residue obtained is recrystallised.
Melting point=124-125° C.
0.011 mol of the compound obtained in Step F is dissolved in 100 ml of 95° alcohol and introduced into a 400 ml autoclave; 0.5 g of Raney nickel is then added. The solution is saturated with ammonia gas, and hydrogen is introduced until a pressure of 50 bars is obtained. The reaction mixture is stirred for 5 hours at 60° C. and is then cooled, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The oil obtained is dissolved in anhydrous ethyl ether and a solution of ethyl ether saturated with gaseous hydrogen chloride is added dropwise. The precipitate formed is filtered off under suction and recrystallised.
Melting point=121-122° C.
1 eq. of the compound obtained in Step G is dissolved in 4 ml of pyridine and is cooled in an ice bath before adding 3 eq. of acetic anhydride dropwise. The reaction mixture is stirred for 5 hours at ambient temperature and is then poured into 3M HCl solution and extracted with ethyl ether. The organic phase is washed with 10% potassium carbonate solution and then with water, dried over MgSO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. The oil obtained is precipitated from a mixture of ethyl ether/petroleum ether (1/2) and the precipitate formed is filtered off under suction and recrystallised.
Melting point=58-59° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
The procedure is as in Preparation 134.
The procedure is as in Preparation 160.
The procedure is as in Preparation 134.
The procedure is as in Preparation 160.
The procedure is as in Preparation 160.
The procedure is as in Preparation 134.
The procedure is as in Preparation 160.
Preparations 247 to 257 are obtained by proceeding as in Preparation 224.
Melting point=147-148.2° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Melting point=170-171° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Melting point=87-88° C.
Melting point=79-80° C.
Melting point=83-84° C.
Melting point=70-71° C.
Melting point=140-141° C.
Melting point=162-163° C.
Melting point=152-153° C.
Melting point=116-117° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Melting point=130-131° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Melting point=76-77° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
Melting point=109-111° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
At 0° C. and with vigorous stirring, potassium carbonate (1.98 mmol) and acetyl chloride (1.82 mmol) are added to a solution of the product obtained in Preparation 1 (1.65 mmol) in a mixture of dichloromethane and water (2/1 ml). The reaction mixture is stirred for 30 minutes and the two phases are then separated. The organic phase is washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and evaporated. The residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluant: acetone/toluene/cyclohexane 30/50/20) and is then recrystallised from a mixture of cyclohexane and toluene to yield the title acetamide in the form of a white solid.
Melting point=104-106° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
By proceeding as in Example 1, but replacing the acetyl chloride by butanoyl chloride, the title product is obtained.
Melting point=55-57° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
By proceeding as in Example 1, but replacing the acetyl chloride by cyclopropanecarboxylic acid chloride, the title product is obtained in the form of a white solid.
Melting point=96-98° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
At 0° C., pyridine (2.21 mmol) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (1.61 mmol) are added in succession to a solution of the product obtained in Preparation 1 (1.47 mmol) in 5 ml of dichloromethane. Stirring is carried out for 16 hours at ambient temperature and the reaction mixture is then washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and evaporated. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel (eluant: petroleum ether/dichloromethane 50/50) and is then recrystallised from a mixture of ethanol and water to yield the title product in the form of a white solid.
Melting point=94-96° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
At ambient temperature, methyl isocyanate (2.20 mmol) is added to a solution of the product obtained in Preparation 1 (1.84 mmol) in 8 ml of pyridine. Stirring is carried out for 16 hours at ambient temperature and the reaction mixture is then hydrolysed and subsequently extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is washed with 3N hydrochloric acid solution and then with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and evaporated. The residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluant: acetone/toluene/cyclohexane 40/40/20) and is then recrystallised from toluene to yield the title product in the form of a white solid.
Melting point=156-158° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
At 0° C., benzoyl chloride (4.44 mmol) is added dropwise to a suspension of aluminium trichloride (7.40 mmol) in 15 ml of dichloromethane. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes; the compound obtained in Example 1, dissolved in 10 ml of dichloromethane, is then added dropwise and stirring is continued for 16 hours. After hydrolysis, the two phases are separated; the organic phase is washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and evaporated. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel (eluant: acetone/toluene/cyclohexane 30/50/20) and is recrystallised from a mixture of cyclohexane and toluene to yield the title product in the form of a white solid.
Melting point=126-128° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
A solution of the product obtained in Example 6 (2.06 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (20.6 mmol) is brought to 0° C. and then triethylsilane hydride (6.18 mmol) is added dropwise. Stirring is carried out at ambient temperature for one week and a fourth equivalent of triethylsilane hydride is then added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 24 hours more and is then hydrolysed and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and evaporated. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel (eluant: acetone/toluene/cyclohexane 30/50/20) and is then recrystallised twice from toluene to yield the title product in the form of a white solid.
Melting point=126-128° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
The product obtained in Preparation 2 (0.01 mmol), diluted with trifluoromethanesulphonic acid (0.03 mmol), is introduced into a two-necked flask under a nitrogen atmosphere and with stirring. Ethanethiol (0.015 mmol) is added and the mixture is heated at 65° C. for 2 hours with the aid of an oil bath. After cooling, the reaction mixture is poured into an ice/water mixture. The aqueous phase is extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic phases are then washed successively with water, with 10% sodium hydroxide solution and then again with water. After drying over magnesium sulphate and concentrating under reduced pressure, the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (eluant: dichloromethane/ethyl acetate 50/50) to yield the pure title product.
Melting point=65-66° C.
Elemental microanalysis:
By proceeding as in Example 8, but replacing the ethanethiol by propanethiol, the title product is obtained in the form of an oil.
Elemental microanalysis:
The product obtained in Preparation 5 (9 mmol) is added to a solution of potassium hydroxide (10 mmol) dissolved in 15 ml of water and 16 ml of tetrahydrofuran, with stirring. The solution is cooled using a bath of ice and salt, and dimethylthiocarbamoyl chloride (9 mmol) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (15 ml) is added dropwise, without stirring. After stirring for half an hour, whilst maintaining the cold state, the reaction mixture is extracted with chloroform. The organic phases are combined, dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is taken up in diphenyl ether (10 ml) and is heated at reflux for one hour under a nitrogen atmosphere. The diphenyl ether is evaporated off under reduced pressure until a solution of approximately 2 ml is obtained. The 2 ml of distillate, whilst still hot, are poured with caution into 50 ml of hexane to yield, after cooling, a solid that is isolated by filtration.
The solid thus collected is added to a solution of potassium hydroxide (380 mg) dissolved in a mixture of water/methanol (1 ml/10 ml). The solution is heated at reflux for 12 hours and is then cooled and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is taken up in 20 ml of chloroform and is extracted 3 times with water. The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
Examples 11 to 36 are obtained by proceeding as in Example 10, starting from the appropriate hydroxylated compound.
Starting compound: Preparation 10
Starting compound: Preparation 16
Starting compound: Preparation 21
Starting compound: Preparation 25
Starting compound: Preparation 27
Starting compound: Preparation 34
Starting compound: Preparation 36
Starting compound: Preparation 42
Starting compound: Preparation 48
Starting compound: Preparation 56
Starting compound: Preparation 61
Starting compound: Preparation 69
Starting compound: Preparation 73
Starting compound: Preparation 77
Starting compound: Preparation 82
Starting compound: Preparation 89
Starting compound: Preparation 92
Starting compound: Preparation 94
Starting compound: Preparation 99
Starting compound: Preparation 101
Starting compound: Preparation 106
Starting compound: Preparation 110
Starting compound: Preparation 113
Starting compound: Preparation 119
Starting compound: Preparation 121
Starting compound: Preparation 125
In Examples 37 to 170 the procedure is as in Example 8, but the ethanethiol is replaced by the appropriate thiol and the N-[2-(7-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide by the appropriate hydroxylated compound.
(Note: When the thiol used is unstable, it is prepared extemporaneously and stored under argon.)
Starting compounds: Preparation 3 and 2-propene-1-thiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 7 and cyclohexanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 10 and benzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 8 and 2-propyne-1-thiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 6 and 4-methylphenylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 4 and methyl 2-mercaptobenzoate
Starting compounds: Preparation 9 and cyclopropylmethanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 11 and isopropanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 12 and 2-pyridinethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 13 and methyl 4-mercaptobutanoate
Starting compounds: Preparation 14 and 2-propynyl-1-thiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 15 and hexanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 16 and benzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 15 and cyclohexanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 17 and cyclopentanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 18 and 2-propynyl-1-thiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 19 and benzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 20 and 1H-5-imidazolylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 21 and benzenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 22 and neopentylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 23 and 2-propynyl-1-thiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 24 and 4-trifluoromethylbenzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 25 and tert-butylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 26 and methyl 2-mercaptobenzoate
Starting compounds: Preparation 27 and 2-pyridinethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 25 and cyclopentanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 28 and methyl 4-mercaptobutanoate
Starting compounds: Preparation 29 and 2-propynethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 30 and benzenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 30 and cyclopropylmethylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 31 and 2-propynethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 32 and benzenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 31 and cyclohexylmethanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 33 and 1-propenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 34 and butanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 35 and benzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 33 and 1-isopropyl-2-propynylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 36 and benzenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 37 and 2-pyridinethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 38 and 2-cyclohexenylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 39 and propanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 40 and 2-propenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 40 and benzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 41 and methyl 2-mercaptobenzoate
Starting compounds: Preparation 42 and 2-propynylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 43 and isopropanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 44 and cyclopentanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 45 and 1-propenethiol
Note: The procedure is as in the preceding Examples, but twice the equivalents of the thiol are used
Starting compounds: Preparation 46 and methyl 4-mercaptobutanoate
Starting compounds: Preparation 47 and 2,5-dihydro-1H-4-imidazolethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 48 and benzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 50 and hexanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 51 and benzenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 52 and 1-methyl-2-propynethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 53 and 4-trifluoromethylbenzenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 54 and cyclohexanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 55 and 3-phenyl-2-propanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 56 and 2-pyridinethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 57 and 1-tert-butyl-2-propynethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 58 and benzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 59 and 3-butenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 60 and methyl 2-mercaptobenzoate
Starting compounds: Preparation 61 and 2-propene-1-thiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 62 and 3-phenyl-2-propenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 63 and 2-propynethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 64 and 2-pyridinethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 65 and tert-butylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 66 and cyclopentylmethanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 67 and propanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 68 and 2-propynethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 69 and 4-trifluoromethylbenzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 70 and 3-phenyl-2-propenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 71 and 2-pyridinethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 72 and 1-propenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 73 and 1-cyclohexyl-2-propynethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 73 and 2-cyclohexenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 75 and methyl 2-mercaptobenzoate
Starting compounds: Preparation 76 and benzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 77 and 2-propenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 77 and tert-butylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 78 and 2-cyclohexenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 77 and 3-butynylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 210 and propylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 79 and 1-methyl-1H-2-imidazolylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 80 and 2-propenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 211 and 2-cyclohexenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 82 and benzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 83 and methyl 2-mercaptobenzoate
Starting compounds: Preparation 84 and 4-trifluoromethylbenzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 85 and 2-propynethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 86 and cyclopropylmethanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 87 and 2-cyclobutanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 88 and 2-propenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 89 and 1-isopropyl-2-propynethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 90 and benzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 91 and 2-pyridinethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 92 and methyl 2-mercaptobenzoate
Starting compounds: Preparation 93 and 3-phenyl-2-propenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 94 and 2-propenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 95 and 2-cyclohexenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 212 and isopentanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 97 and 2-propynethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 98 and methyl 4-mercaptobutanoate
Starting compounds: Preparation 97 and 2-pyridinethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 99 and cyclopentanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 100 and 1-propenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 220 and ethanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 101 and cyclobutanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 219 and 4-methyl-benzenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 102 and 2-propenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 103 and isobutanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 104 and benzenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 105 and benzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 106 and methyl 2-mercaptobenzoate
Starting compounds: Preparation 107 and butanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 108 and 1-methyl-1H-2-imidazolethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 109 and benzenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 110 and 4-trifluoromethylbenzenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 111 and tert-butylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 112 and benzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 113 and methyl 2-mercaptobenzoate
Starting compounds: Preparation 114 and 3-phenyl-2-propenethiol Note: The procedure is as in Example 84.
Starting compounds: Preparation 115 and cyclopropanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 116 and 2-cyclohexenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 117 and benzylthiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 118 and 2-pyridinethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 119 and 2-propynethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 120 and cyclobutylmethanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 121 and 2-cyclohexenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 122 and 2-butenethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 123 and tert-butanethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 124 and 2-pyridinethiol
Starting compounds: Preparation 125 and 4-isopropylphenylthiol
The product obtained in Example 43 (10 mmol) is added to an aqueous 0.5M sodium periodate solution (21 ml, 10.5 mmol) at 0° C. Stirring at 0-5° C. is carried out overnight. The solution is filtered and the filtrate is extracted with chloroform.
The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulphate and is concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title compound.
In Examples 172 to 184 the procedure is the same as in Example 171, starting from the appropriate thioether.
Starting compound: Example 50
Starting compound: Example 54
Starting compound: Example 77
Starting compound: Example 82
Starting compound: Example 92
Starting compound: Example 97
Starting compound: Example 105
Starting compound: Example 110
Starting compound: Example 117
Starting compound: Example 124
Starting compound: Example 145
Starting compound: Example 156
Starting compound: Example 165
The product obtained in Example 39 (10 mmol) is dissolved in 40 ml of methanol and is cooled to 0° C. with the aid of an ice bath. A 49.5% solution of KHSO5 (30 mmol) in water (40 ml) is added. Stirring is carried out for 4 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture is then diluted with water and extracted 3 times with chloroform. The organic phases are combined, washed with water and with saturated NaCl solution and then dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The title product is obtained after chromatography on silica gel.
Examples 186 to 193 are obtained by proceeding as in Example 185, starting from the corresponding thioether.
Starting compound: Example 55
Starting compound: Example 77
Starting compound: Example 93
Starting compound: Example 106
Starting compound: Example 128
Starting compound: Example 142
Starting compound: Example 152
Starting compound: Example 163
Polyphosphate ester (20 ml) is added to a mixture of propanoic acid (30 mmol) and the product obtained in Example 10 (31 mmol) and the reaction mixture is stirred for 15 hours at ambient temperature. The mixture is then treated with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (200 ml) and is extracted with chloroform (3×30 ml). The organic phases are combined, dried over magnesium sulphate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
(Polyphosphate ester is prepared according to the method described by W. Pollmann et al., Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 80 (1), 1964).
Examples 195 to 204 are prepared according to the procedure of Example 194, starting from appropriate reactants.
Starting compound: Example 12
Starting compound: Example 23
Starting compound: Example 17
Starting compound: Example 18
Starting compound: Example 21
Starting compound: Example 24
Starting compound: Example 26
Starting compound: Example 28
Starting compound: Example 33
Starting compound: Example 36
Propyl isocyanate (11 mmol) and the product obtained in Example 11 (10 mmol) are dissolved in dimethylformamide (20 ml). The reaction mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours under nitrogen. After evaporating off the dimethylformamide, the residue is chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
In Examples 206 to 209 the procedure is as in Example 205, starting from appropriate reactants.
Starting compound: Example 23
Starting compound: Example 33
Starting compound: Example 35
Starting compound: Example 36
Sodium (34 mmol) is added, with vigorous stirring, over a period of one hour, to a boiling solution of the product obtained in Example 13 (34 mmol) in 70 ml of anhydrous xylene. Stirring is continued, under reflux, for 2 hours and the mixture is allowed to cool to approximately 80° C. Ethyl chloro-2-acetylacetate (38 mmol) is then added dropwise. The mixture is then heated at reflux again for one hour. After cooling, the organic phase is washed with water, dried and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to yield the title product.
The product obtained in Step A (18 mmol) is added all at once to 5 ml of sulphuric acid (d=1.81). The temperature of the reaction mixture rises rapidly to approximately 80° C. After stirring for 5 minutes, the mixture is poured into 100 ml of ice-cold water and is then extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase is then washed with water, then with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and then again with water. The organic phase is then dried over magnesium sulphate and is then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed to yield the title product.
In Examples 211 to 215 the procedure is as in Example 210, starting from appropriate reactants.
Starting compound: Example 15
Starting compound: Example 16
Starting compound: Example 25
Starting compound: Example 27
Starting compound: Example 35
The procedure is as in Example 171, starting from Example 211.
The procedure is as in Example 185, starting from Example 212.
The procedure is as in Example 8, but the ethanethiol is replaced by ethyl 3-mercaptopropanoate and the product of Preparation 6 is used.
A 0.5N aqueous solution of K2CO3 (10 ml) is added to the product obtained in Step A (4 mmol) dissolved in methanol (10 ml).
When the reaction has ceased, the solution is acidified to pH 6 using 1N HCl solution. The reaction mixture is extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase is washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate, concentrated under reduced pressure and chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
The product obtained in Step B (3 mmol), dissolved in thionyl chloride, is stirred at 60° C. under a current of nitrogen for one hour. The thionyl chloride is evaporated off under reduced pressure and the residue is dried with the aid of a vane pump to yield the title product.
The product obtained in Step C (3 mmol), dissolved in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (30 ml), is poured dropwise into a solution of aluminium chloride (10 mmol) in the same solvent (20 ml) under nitrogen. The reaction mixture is heated at 60° C., with stirring, until the reaction has ceased. The solution is then poured into a mixture of ice (10 g) and concentrated HCl (0.3 ml) and stirring is carried out for one hour. The aqueous phase is extracted with chloroform (twice); the combined organic phases are then dried over magnesium sulphate, concentrated under reduced pressure and then chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
In Examples 219 to 228, the procedure is as in Example 218, but the appropriate thiol and Preparation are used to obtain the title compound.
Starting compound: Preparation 20
Starting compound: Preparation 25
Starting compound: Preparation 100
Starting compound: Preparation 48
Starting compound: Preparation 54
Starting compound: Preparation 59
Starting compound: Preparation 66
Starting compound: Preparation 82
Starting compound: Preparation 124
Starting compound: Preparation 94
The compound of Example 218 (3 mmol) is dissolved in acetic acid (70 ml) and, after several purges with argon, 10% palladium-on-carbon (600 mg) is added and the mixture is placed under a hydrogen atmosphere. Stirring is carried out at ambient temperature until the reaction is complete and the palladium is filtered off over Celite. The acetic acid is evaporated off to dryness and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
In Examples 230 to 235, the procedure is as for Example 229, but the product of Example 218 is replaced by the appropriate reactant.
Starting compound: Example 219
Starting compound: Example 220
Starting compound: Example 224
Starting compound: Example 225
Starting compound: Example 226
Starting compound: Example 228
In Examples 236 to 239 the procedure is as in Example 171, starting from appropriate reactants.
Starting compound: Example 218
Starting compound: Example 230
Starting compound: Example 231
Starting compound: Example 233
In Examples 240 to 243 the procedure is as in Example 185, starting from appropriate substrates.
Starting compound: Example 223
Starting compound: Example 230
Starting compound: Example 234
Starting compound: Example 235
The product of Example 40 (10 mmol) and triethylene glycol are introduced into a two-necked flask. Heating is carried out at 160-170° C., under nitrogen and with stirring, for five hours. The reaction mixture is poured into ice-cold water and is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is washed with water and dried over calcium chloride. After filtration, the organic phase is concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
In Examples 245 to 260, the same method as in Example 244 is applied, but the product of Example 40 is replaced by the appropriate substrate.
Starting compound: Example 52
Starting compound: Example 57
Starting compound: Example 64
Starting compound: Example 67
Starting compound: Example 73
Starting compound: Example 81
Starting compound: Example 91
Starting compound: Example 96
Starting compound: Example 102
Starting compound: Example 107
Starting compound: Example 112
Starting compound: Example 119
Starting compound: Example 127
Starting compound: Example 131
Starting compound: Example 139
Starting compound: Example 164
Dissolve the product obtained in Example 245 (2 mmol) in 80 ml of methanol and cool with the aid of a bath of ice and salt. Add magnesium (80 mmol) in small portions and stir for 16 hours at ambient temperature. Add 30 cm3 of 6N hydrochloric acid solution dropwise, while continuing to stir. Leave to cool, extract with ether, wash the organic phase with water, dry over magnesium sulphate, filter and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
In Examples 262 to 267 the procedure is the same as in Example 261, using appropriate reactants.
Starting compound: Example 247
Starting compound: Example 251
Starting compound: Example 252
Starting compound: Example 254
Starting compound: Example 256
Starting compound: Example 259
15 mmol of the product obtained in Preparation 160, 16 mmol of vinyltributyltin and 0.43 mmol of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium are heated in 30 ml of N-methylpyrrolidinone at 110° C. for 3 hours, with stirring. After evaporating off the solvent, the residue is taken up in 20 ml of dichloromethane and treated with 10% aqueous potassium fluoride solution. After extraction, concentration under reduced pressure and chromatography on silica gel, the pure title product is obtained.
To a solution of 10 mmol of the product obtained in Step A in a mixture of 50 ml of dioxane and 25 ml of water there are added, at ambient temperature, 1.10 g of osmium tetroxide in 2-methyl-2-propanol and then 8.70 g of sodium periodate. After stirring overnight at ambient temperature, the suspension is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained is taken up in dichloromethane. The organic phase is washed with water, dried and evaporated. The residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel to yield the title product.
2.7 g of potassium permanganate in 50 ml of an acetone/water mixture (50/50) are added, at ambient temperature, to a solution of 6.88 mmol of the product obtained in Step B in 30 ml of acetone. The solution is stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature and is then filtered. The filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure and chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
5 mmol of the product obtained in Step C are dissolved in 40 ml of thionyl chloride. After stirring under an inert atmosphere for 1 hour, the thionyl chloride is evaporated off under reduced pressure to yield the title product.
A solution of the product obtained in Step D (20 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 ml) containing tetrabutylammonium bromide (20 mg) is cooled in an ice bath. After adding sodium azide (24 mmol) dissolved in 5 ml of water, the solution is stirred vigorously at 0° C. for 2 hours. The organic phase is separated off, washed with water (2×5 ml) and dried over magnesium sulphate. After filtration, trifluoroacetic acid (30 mmol) is added and the solution is stirred under reflux for 60 hours. After cooling, the organic phase is washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (2×5 ml) and is concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is then taken up in methanol (20 ml); water (80 ml) and then potassium carbonate (30 mmol) are added. After stirring at ambient temperature for 20 hours, the reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure to a volume of about 60 ml and is then extracted 3 times with ether (3×50 ml). After drying over sodium sulphate, the organic phase is filtered and then evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
In Examples 269 to 289 the procedure is as in Example 268, starting from the appropriate substrate.
Starting compound: Preparation 198
Starting compound: Preparation 199
Starting compound: Preparation 200
Starting compound: Preparation 201
Starting compound: Preparation 202
Starting compound: Preparation 167
Starting compound: Preparation 203
Starting compound: Preparation 204
Starting compound: Preparation 205
Starting compound: Preparation 206
Starting compound: Preparation 172
Starting compound: Preparation 207
Starting compound: Preparation 174
Starting compound: Preparation 208
Starting compound: Preparation 179
Starting compound: Preparation 180
Starting compound: Preparation 181
Starting compound: Preparation 243
Starting compound: Preparation 182
Starting compound: Preparation 183
Starting compound: Preparation 184
To a solution of the product of Preparation 160 (5 mmol), diethylamine (12 mmol) and sodium tert-butoxide (14 mmol) in dioxane (20 ml) there are added tris(dibenzylideneacetone)-dipalladium (0.25 mmol, 1 mole percent of palladium) and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine (0.1 mmol). Heating is then carried out at 100° C., with stirring, until all the starting compound has been used up (monitored by HPLC). The solution is then cooled to ambient temperature and 150 ml of ether are added. The organic phase is washed with brine (75 ml) and is then dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is then chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
In Examples 291 to 315 the procedure is as in Example 290, starting from the appropriate Preparation.
Starting compound: Preparation 161
Starting compound: Preparation 162
Starting compound: Preparation 163
Starting compound: Preparation 164
Starting compound: Preparation 165
Starting compound: Preparation 244
Starting compound: Preparation 167
Starting compound: Preparation 168
Starting compound: Preparation 169
Starting compound: Preparation 170
Starting compound: Preparation 171
Starting compound: Preparation 172
Starting compound: Preparation 173
Starting compound: Preparation 174
Starting compound: Preparation 175
Starting compound: Preparation 176
Starting compound: Preparation 177
Starting compound: Preparation 178
Starting compound: Preparation 179
Starting compound: Preparation 180
Starting compound: Preparation 181
Starting compound: Preparation 182
Starting compound: Preparation 183
Starting compound: Preparation 184
Starting compound: Preparation 185
In Examples 316 to 322 the procedure is as in Example 244.
Starting compound: Example 295
Starting compound: Example 298
Starting compound: Example 299
Starting compound: Example 305
A solution of butanoic acid chloride (10 mmol), dissolved in ether (5 ml), is added dropwise to a solution of the product obtained in Example 276 (10 mmol) in ether (10 ml) and triethylamine (2 ml). The solution is stirred at ambient temperature until the amine has disappeared (monitored by TLC). At the end of the reaction, the organic phase is washed with water, dried, concentrated under reduced pressure and chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
The procedure is as in Example 244, starting from the compound obtained in Step A.
A solution of cyclohexyl isocyanate in dichloromethane (5 ml), is added dropwise to a solution of the product obtained in Example 280 (10 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 ml). Stirring is carried out at ambient temperature until the starting amine has disappeared (monitored by TLC); the reaction mixture is then evaporated and concentrated under reduced pressure and is then chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
The procedure is as in Example 244, starting from the compound obtained in Step A.
The procedure is as in Step A of Example 321, but the cyclohexyl isocyanate is replaced by 1-isothiocyanotoacetylene to obtain the title product.
The procedure is as in Example 244, starting from the compound obtained in Step A.
In Examples 323 to 327 the procedure is as in Example 210, starting from appropriate substrates.
Starting compound: Example 268
Starting compound: Example 271
Starting compound: Example 275
Starting compound: Example 282
Starting compound: Example 289
The compound obtained in Example 323 (5 mmol) is dissolved in ethanol (10 ml), to which 2N sodium hydroxide solution (6 ml) is added. The reaction mixture is heated at reflux until the reaction has ceased. Half the solvent is evaporated off. Extraction is carried out once with ether and then the aqueous phase is acidified to pH=1 with 1N potassium hydrogen sulphate solution. The aqueous phase is then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
In Examples 329 to 331 the procedure is as in Example 328, starting from appropriate substrates.
Starting compound: Example 324
Starting compound: Example 326
Starting compound: Example 327
The procedure is as in Example 290, but the diethylamine is replaced by ethyl N-methyl-3-aminopropanoate.
An aqueous 0.5N solution of K2CO3 (10 ml) is added to the product obtained in Step A (4 mmol) dissolved in methanol (10 ml). When the reaction has ceased, the solution is acidified to pH 6-7 using 1N hydrochloric acid solution. The reaction mixture is extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase is washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
The product obtained in Step B (3 mmol), dissolved in thionyl chloride, is stirred at 60° C. under a stream of nitrogen for one hour. The thionyl chloride is evaporated off under reduced pressure and the residue is dried using a vane pump to yield the title product.
The product obtained in Step C (3 mmol), dissolved in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (30 ml), is added dropwise to a solution of aluminium chloride (10 mmol) in the same solvent (20 ml) under nitrogen. The reaction mixture is heated at 60° C., with stirring, until the reaction has ceased and it is then poured into a mixture of ice (10 g) and concentrated HCl (0.3 ml); stirring is continued for one hour. The aqueous phase is extracted twice with chloroform; the combined organic phases are then dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
In Examples 333 to 337 the procedure is as in Example 332, but starting from appropriate reactants.
Starting compound: Preparation 167
Starting compound: Preparation 168
Starting compound: Preparation 172
Starting compound: Preparation 178
Starting compound: Preparation 185
The product of Example 332 (3 mmol) is dissolved in acetic acid (70 ml). After several purges with argon, 10% palladium-on-carbon (600 mg) is added and the mixture is placed under a hydrogen atmosphere. Stirring is carried out at ambient temperature until the reaction is complete (monitored by TLC) and the palladium is filtered off over Celite. The acetic acid is evaporated off to dryness and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
In Examples 339 to 342 the procedure is as in Example 338, starting from appropriate reactants.
Starting compound: Example 333
Starting compound: Example 334
Starting compound: Example 336
Starting compound: Example 337
A solution of the product obtained in Example 219 (2 mmol) dissolved in methanol (10 ml) is added dropwise to a suspension of sodium hydride (2.2 mmol) in methanol (50 ml) at −40° C. Stirring is carried out until the starting compound has completely disappeared (about 3 hours). At the end of the reaction, the solution is poured into water (30 ml). The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure to a volume of about 30 ml and is then extracted with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase is washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel to yield the title product.
In Examples 344 to 349, the procedure is as in Example 343, but the product of Example 219 is replaced by the product of the appropriate Example.
Starting compound: Example 223
Starting compound: Example 225
Starting compound: Example 228
Starting compound: Example 332
Starting compound: Example 334
Starting compound: Example 335
Examples 350 to 353 are obtained by proceeding as in Example 268, starting from appropriate substrates.
Starting compound: Preparation 246
Starting compound: Preparation 244
Starting compound: Preparation 241
The procedure is as in Example 290, starting from Preparation 246.
1 eq. of the compound obtained in Example 1 is dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane and is cooled with the aid of an ice bath. A solution of 1 eq. of m-chloroperbenzoic acid in dichloromethane is added dropwise and the mixture is stirred until the reaction is complete (monitored by TLC). The solvent is then evaporated off in vacuo and the residue obtained is taken up in saturated Na2CO3 solution. The precipitate formed, which corresponds to the title product, is filtered off.
The procedure is as in Example 354 using 3 eq. of m-chloroperbenzoic acid.
In a 500 ml flask with a ground neck, 0.17 mol of succinic anhydride is added to a solution of 0.17 mol of thioanisole in 140 ml of tetrachloroethane. The mixture is cooled with the aid of an ice bath, and 0.34 mol of aluminium chloride is added in small portions. The mixture is then heated at 60° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture is then cooled, poured into ice-cold water and acidified with 3M HCl solution. The precipitate formed is filtered off under suction, washed with cyclohexane and recrystallised.
Melting point=153-155° C.
In a 500 ml round-bottomed flask, 0.088 mol of the compound obtained in Step A is dissolved in 0.881 ml of trifluoroacetic acid. The solution is cooled to 0° C. with the aid of an ice bath and 0.220 ml of triethylsilane hydride is added with the aid of a dropping funnel. The reaction mixture is stirred for 18 hours at ambient temperature and is then hydrolysed. The precipitate formed is filtered off under suction, is washed with water and with cyclohexane and is then dissolved in ethyl acetate. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4 and evaporated to obtain the title product in the form of a white solid.
Melting point=53-55° C.
0.055 mol of the compound obtained in Step B and 100 g of polyphosphoric acid are introduced into a 500 ml round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture is heated at 60° C. for 3 hours and is then cooled and poured into water. Extraction with ethyl ether is carried out; the organic phase is washed with water, dried over MgSO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained is purified by chromatography on silica gel. Yellow oil
0.041 ml of sodium hydride is suspended in 30 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran under a nitrogen atmosphere in a 250 ml three-necked flask. Cooling is carried out in a bath of ice/salt and 0.041 ml of diethyl cyanomethylenephosphonate diluted with 40 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran is added dropwise; magnetic stirring is carried out for 45 minutes. Whilst still cold, 0.031 mol of the compound obtained in Step C, dissolved in 30 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, is added dropwise. Stirring is carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture is poured onto a mixture of water/ice, is acidified with aqueous 3M hydrochloric acid solution and is extracted 3 times with ethyl ether. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4 and is evaporated. The residue obtained is recrystallised.
Melting point=59-61° C.
0.0046 mol of the compound obtained in Step D is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol. 0.0092 mol of cobalt chloride is added, with magnetic stirring, and then, in small portions, 0.0325 ml of sodium borohydride. Stirring is carried out for 3 hours at ambient temperature and the mixture is then acidified with 6M hydrochloric acid solution until the black precipitate dissolves. The methanol is evaporated off under reduced pressure and then extraction with ethyl ether is carried out. The two phases are separated, and the aqueous phase is then rendered alkaline with 20% ammonium hydroxide solution. Extraction with ethyl ether is carried out twice; the organic phase is dried over magnesium sulphate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The oil obtained is dissolved in alcohol at 95° C. and then an ethanolic solution saturated with HCl is added. The solvent is evaporated off under reduced pressure and the residue obtained is recrystallised.
In a 50 ml round-bottomed flask, 0.0025 mol of the compound obtained in Step E is dissolved in 5 ml of pyridine. The solution is cooled with the aid of an ice bath and 5 ml of acetic anhydride are added dropwise. Stirring is carried out for 5 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture is poured into aqueous 3M hydrochloric acid solution and is then extracted with ethyl ether. The organic phase is washed with aqueous 10% potassium carbonate solution and then with water, is dried over magnesium sulphate and is evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained is recrystallised.
The procedure is as in Example 354, starting from the compound obtained in Example 356.
The procedure is as in Example 355, starting from the compound obtained in Example 356.
The procedure is as in Example 354, starting from the compound obtained in Example 2.
The procedure is as in Example 355, starting from the compound obtained in Example 2.
The procedure is as in Example 354, starting from the compound obtained in Example 3.
The procedure is as in Example 355, starting from the compound obtained in Example 3.
The procedure is as in Example 354, starting from the compound obtained in Example 4.
The procedure is as in Example 355, starting from the compound obtained in Example 4.
The procedure is as in Example 354, starting from the compound obtained in Example 5.
The procedure is as in Example 355, starting from the compound obtained in Example 5.
The procedure is as in Example 354, starting from the compound obtained in Example 6.
The procedure is as in Example 355, starting from the compound obtained in Example 6.
The procedure is as in Example 354, starting from the compound obtained in Example 7.
The procedure is as in Example 355, starting from the compound obtained in Example 7.
The procedure is as in Example 354, starting from the compound obtained in Example 8.
The procedure is as in Example 355, starting from the compound obtained in Example 8.
The procedure is as in Example 354, starting from the compound obtained in Example 9.
The procedure is as in Example 355, starting from the compound obtained in Example 9.
4.4 mmol of the compound obtained in Preparation 2 are dissolved in 20 ml of dichloromethane and the whole is introduced into a two-necked flask surmounted by a condenser and equipped with a septum under a current of nitrogen. 6.5 mmol of benzylthiol are added by means of a syringe, and then 8.8 mmol of triflic acid. The mixture is heated at the reflux of dichloromethane for 24 hours. The mixture is cooled and then hydrolysed using 10% Na2CO3 solution. The organic phase is washed with 10% sodium hydroxide solution and then with water, until the washing waters are neutral, and is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. The residue is taken up in ether and the precipitate formed is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated, taken up in petroleum ether and the precipitate formed is filtered and then recrystallised from a mixture of toluene/cyclohexane (1/4).
Melting point=80-83° C.
The procedure is as in Example 354, starting from Example 375.
The procedure is as in Example 355, starting from Example 375.
Acute toxicity was evaluated after oral administration to groups each comprising 8 mice (26±2 grams). The animals were observed at regular intervals during the course of the first day, and daily for the two weeks following treatment. The LD50 (dose that causes the death of 50% of the animals) was evaluated and demonstrated the low toxicity of the compounds of the invention.
Melatonin receptor binding studies of the compounds of the invention were carried out according to conventional techniques on pars tuberalis cells of sheep. The pars tuberalis of the adenohypophysis is in fact characterised in mammals by a high density of melatonin receptors (Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 1, pp. 1-4, 1989).
Protocol
Each experiment is carried out in triplicate and a range of different concentrations is tested for each compound. The results enable the determination, after statistical processing, of the binding affinities of the compound tested.
Results
The compounds of the invention appear to have a strong affinity for melatonin receptors.
The mt1 or MT2 receptor binding experiments are carried out using 2-[125I]-melatonin as reference radioligand. The radioactivity retained is determined using a liquid scintillation counter.
Competitive binding experiments are then carried out in triplicate using the various test compounds. A range of different concentrations is tested for each compound. The results enable the binding affinities of the compounds tested (IC50) to be determined.
The IC50 values found for the compounds of the invention demonstrate binding to one or other of the mt1 or MT2 receptor sub-types, the values being ≦10 μM.
The involvement of melatonin in influencing, by day/night alternation, the majority of physiological, biochemical and behavioural circadian rhythms has made it possible to establish a pharmacological model for research into melatoninergic ligands.
The effects of the molecules are tested on numerous parameters and, in particular, on the circadian rhythms of locomotive activity, which are a reliable indicator of the endogenous circadian clock.
In this study, the effects of such molecules on a particular experimental model, namely the rat placed in temporal isolation (permanent darkness), is evaluated.
Experimental Protocol
One-month-old male rats are subjected, as soon as they arrive at the laboratory, to a light cycle of 12 hours' light per 24 hours (LD 12:12).
After 2 to 3 weeks' adaptation, they are placed in cages fitted with a wheel connected to a recording system, in order to detect the phases of locomotive activity and thus monitor the nychthemeral rhythms (LD) or circadian rhythms (DD).
As soon as the rhythms recorded show a stable pattern during the light cycle LD 12:12, the rats are placed in permanent darkness (DD).
Two to three weeks later, when the free course (rhythm reflecting that of the endogenous clock) is clearly established, the rats are given a daily administration of the molecule to be tested.
The observations are made by means of visualisation of the rhythms of activity:
A software package makes it possible:
The compounds of the invention clearly appear to allow powerful action on the circadian rhythm via the melatoninergic system.
The compounds of the invention are tested on a behavioural model, the light/dark cages test, which allows the anxiolytic activity of the compounds to be demonstrated.
The apparatus consists of two polyvinyl boxes covered with Plexiglass. One of the boxes is in darkness. A lamp is placed above the other box, yielding a light intensity of approximately 4000 lux in the centre of the box. An opaque plastic tunnel separates the light box from the dark box. The animals are tested individually for a session of 5 minutes. The floor of each box is cleaned between each session. At the start of each test, the mouse is placed in the tunnel, facing the dark box. The time spent by the mouse in the illuminated box and the number of passages through the tunnel are recorded after the first entry into the dark box.
After administration of the compounds 30 minutes before the start of the test, the compounds of the invention significantly increase the time spent in the illuminated cage and the number of passages through the tunnel, which demonstrates the anxiolytic activity of the compounds of the invention.
The compounds of the invention were tested in vitro on the caudal artery of the rat. Melatoninergic receptors are present in those vessels, thus providing a relevant pharmacological model for studying melatoninergic ligand activity. The stimulation of the receptors can cause either vasoconstriction or dilation depending on the arterial segment studied.
Protocol
One-month old rats are accustomed to a light/dark cycle of 12 h/12 h during a period of 2 to 3 weeks.
After sacrifice, the caudal artery is isolated and maintained in a highly oxygenated medium. The arteries are then cannulated at both ends, suspended vertically in an organ chamber in a suitable medium and perfused via their proximal end. The pressure changes in the perfusion flow enable evaluation of the vasoconstrictive or vasodilatory effect of the compounds.
The activity of the compounds is evaluated on segments that have been pre-contracted by phenylephrine (1 μM). A concentration/response curve is determined non-cumulatively by the addition of a concentration of the test compound to the pre-contracted segment. When the observed effect reaches equilibrium, the medium is changed and the preparation is left for 20 minutes before the addition of the same concentration of phenylephrine and a further concentration of the test compound.
Results
The compounds of the invention significantly modify the diameter of caudal arteries pre-constricted by phenylephrine.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR98.05957 | May 1998 | FR | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 09700098 | Nov 2000 | US |
| Child | 10948410 | Sep 2004 | US |
