Patent Application
20110045974
The present invention relates to compounds of formula I
wherein:
The invention also relates to agrochemical compositions comprising a solvent or solid carrier and at least a compound of formula I or an N-oxide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, methods for combating phytopathogenic fungi, which process comprises treating the fungi or the materials, plants, the soil or seeds to be protected against fungal attack, with an effective amount of at least one compound of formula I of an N-oxide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, seed comprising a compound of formula I, or an N-oxide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, and processes and intermediates for preparing compounds of formula I.
WO 05/033081 describes pyridin-4-ylmethyl sulfonamides and their use for combating phytopathogenic fungi. The publication WO 06/097489 describes various pyridin-4-ylmethylamides of phenyl sulfonic acid and their use as fungicides.
The compounds according to the present invention differ from those described in WO 05/033081 and WO 06/097489 by having a triazinylmethyl attached to the nitrogen of the sulfonamide group.
However, with respect to their fungicidal activity, the action of the compounds known in prior art is not always completely satisfactory. Based on this, it was an object of the present invention to provide compounds having improved action and/or a broadened activity spectrum against harmful fungi.
This object is achieved by substituted triazinylmethyl sulfonamides of formula I and its N-oxides and their salts, in particular the agriculturally acceptable salts as defined herein.
The compounds I can be prepared by various routes in analogy to prior art processes known per se for preparing sulfonamides and, advantageously, by the synthesis shown in the following schemes and in the experimental part of this application.
A further aspect of the present invention relates to a process for preparing compounds I, which comprises reacting compounds II, wherein T is defined as above, under basic conditions with compounds III, wherein A, Y and D are defined as above and L is a leaving group such as halogen, substituted phenoxy, N3, heterocyclyl or heterocyclyloxy, preferably pentafluorphenoxy, heterocyclyl such as imazolyl, pyrazolyl or triazolyl, or halogen such as chloro, fluoro or bromo, as shown below:
This reaction is usually carried out at temperatures from −30 to 120° C., preferably from −10 to 100° C. in an inert organic solvent in presence of a base.
Suitable solvents are aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as pentane, hexane, cyclohexane and petroleum ether, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, o-, m- and p-xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons, such as dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform and chlorobenzene, ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert.-butyl ether (MTBE), dioxane, anisole and tetrahydrofuran (THF), nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone and tert.-butyl methyl ketone, and also dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl formamide (DMF) and dimethyl acetamide, preferably THF, MTBE, dichloromethane, chloroform, acetonitrile, toluene or DMF, and also mixtures thereof.
Suitable bases are, in general, inorganic compounds such as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides such as lithium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydrides such as lithium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium hydride and calcium hydride, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal carbonates such as lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate and calcium carbonate, and also alkali metal bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate, moreover organic bases, e.g. tertiary amines such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and N-methylpiperidine (NMP), pyridine, substituted pyridines such as collidine, lutidine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and also bicyclic amines. Particular preference is given to triethylamine, pyridine, triethylamine and potassium carbonate. The bases are generally employed in catalytic amounts; however, they can also be used in equimolar amounts, in excess or, if appropriate, as solvent. The amount of base is typically 0.5 to 5 molar equivalents relative to 1 mole of compounds II.
The starting materials, i.e. compounds II and compounds III, are generally reacted with one another in equimolar amounts. In terms of yield it may be advantageous to employ an excess of compound. II based on compound III.
Alternatively, compounds IV, wherein is as defined above and L′ is a leaving group such as methylsulfonyl, toluenesulfonyl, hydroxyl or a group as defined for L in formula III, preferably, methylsulfonyl, toluenesulfonyl or halogen such as chloro, bromo and iodo, can be reacted with compounds III.a, wherein R3, A, Y and D are as defined above, to directly obtain compounds I as shown below:
This reaction can be conducted under similar conditions as described for reacting compounds II with compounds III. Should other leaving groups L′ than hydroxy be desired, the hydroxy group can be effectively reacted to form the leaving group in question, e.g. in situ upon treatment with triphenylphosphine and diethylazodicarboxylate or diisopropylazodicarboxylate or a suitable substitute as described in Organ. Lett. 8, 5069-5072, 2006.
Alternatively, this reaction may also be carried out in two consecutive steps as shown below, wherein T, R1, R2, R3, A, Y, D and L are defined as above:
Both of the abovementioned reaction steps can be conducted under similar conditions as described for reacting compounds II with compounds III.
Alternatively, compounds I may also be obtained by first reacting compounds VII, wherein A is as defined above and L1 and L2 are leaving groups and have one of the meanings mentioned for L in formula III, preferably being L1 and L2 different from each other, with compounds III to obtain compounds VIII, which can be reacted with compounds VI to obtain compounds I as shown below:
Both of the abovementioned reaction steps can be conducted under similar conditions as described for reacting compounds II with compounds III.
Some compounds II are known from the literature (cf. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 15(7), 2759-2767, 2007; US 2007129547; WO 07/64993), are commercially available or they can be prepared by reactions known in the art e.g. by treatment with ammonia or ammonium acetate in the presence or absence of a suitable iodide salt, such as NaI, KI or tetrabutylammonium iodide, in an analogous fashion to the one described in WO 07/69685. Alternatively, compounds II may be prepared starting from derivatives IV by treatment with a suitable phthalimide salt, preferably K+ or Na+ salt, followed by hydrazine, as illustrated in US 2007129547.
Alternatively, compounds II, wherein R3 is hydrogen, can be prepared by reduction of the corresponding oximes IX.a (if R1 or R2 is hydrogen), nitriles IX.b (if R1 and R2 are hydrogen), or amides IX.c (if R1 and R2 are hydrogen) or by reductive amination of the corresponding aldehydes IX.d (if R1 and R2 are hydrogen) or ketones IX.e (if R1 or R2 is hydrogen) as described below. Appropriate methods therefore are known to those skilled in the art:
Methods suitable for the reduction of oximes IX.a, aldehydes IX.d or ketones IX.e to the corresponding compounds II have been described in the literature e.g. in March, J. “Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure” (Wiley & Sons, New York, 4th ed., 1992, pp. 1218-1219).
Methods suitable for the reduction of nitriles IX.b to the corresponding triazinylmethylamines II have been described in the literature, e.g. in March, J. “Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure” (Wiley & Sons, New York, 4th ed., 1992, 918-919).
Methods suitable for the reduction of amides IX.c to the corresponding compounds II have been described in the literature, e.g. in March, J. “Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure” (Wiley & Sons, New York, 4th ed., 1992, 1212-1213).
The oximes IX.a can be prepared by reactions known in the art, e.g. from either the respective aldehydes IX.d, ketones IX.e, or the methyl derivatives of IX.f in analogy to methods described by Houben-Weyl, vol. 10/4, Thieme, Stuttgart, 1968; vol. 11/2, 1957; vol E5, 1985; J. Prakt. Chem./Chem. Ztg. 336(8), 695-697, 1994; Tetrahedron Lett. 42(39), 6815-6818, 2001; Heterocycles 29(9), 1741-1760, 1989; or Liebigs Ann. Chem. 737, 39-45, 1970.
The aldehydes IX.d can be synthesized from the corresponding methyl derivatives IX.f in analogy to J. Org. Chem. 51(4), 536-537, 1986, or from halogenated derivatives IX.g as shown in Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2003(8), 1576-1588, 2003; Tetrahedron Lett. 40(19), 3719-3722 1999; or Tetrahedron 55(41), 12149-12156, 1999. The ketones IX.e may be prepared by oxidation of the corresponding alcohols using standard agents, e.g. in analogy to the methods described in Synthesis 11, 881-884; or Heterocycles 71(4), 911-918.
The nitriles IX.b can be prepared in analogy to methods described in Heterocycles, 41(4), 675 (1995); Chem. Pharm. Bull., 21, 1927 (1973); or J. Chem. Soc., 426 (1942); e.g. from the corresponding halogenated derivatives IX.g by reaction with cyanides such as CuCN, NaCN or KCN or in analogy to the route described in Monatsh. Chem. 87, 526-536, (1956), e.g. from the corresponding halogenated derivatives IX.g by reaction with a trialkylamine to afford the trialkylammonium substituted derivatives, followed by reaction with suitable cyanation reagents such as organic or inorganic cyanides, e.g. tetraalkylammonium cyanides, NaCN or KCN. The compounds IX.g are commercially available or can be synthesized according to standard methods.
The amides IX.c can be prepared, e.g. from the corresponding carboxylic acid chlorides or anhydrides by reaction with ammonia, e.g. as described in March, J. “Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure” (Wiley & Sons, New York, 3th edition, 1985, 370-371).
A further method to obtain compounds II is shown below, wherein T is as defined above and PG is a suitable protection group that may be cleaved under acidic, basic or standard hydrogenation conditions such as defined below:
Protection of amino groups against reaction during one or more synthesis steps is a procedure well known and described in the art. Examples of suitable protection groups are those which are customarily used in organic synthesis, preferably t-butyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, allyloxy-carbonyl, diformyl or phthaloyl. Further details on suitable protection groups and their cleavage may be found in Greene T. W., Wits P. G. “Protective groups in organic synthesis” (Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999, 494 et sqq.). The hydrogenation of the nitriles IX.b can be advantageously performed in the presence of suitable catalysts, preferably Raney nickel or palladium-on-carbon, and protection reagents such as di-tert.-butyl dicarbonate, dibenzyl dicarbonate, benzyl chloroformate, to yield the N-protected compounds X. On treating with hydrogen chloride or with hydrogen bromide/glacial acetic acid or with trifluoroacetic acid/water mixtures, the compounds X can be deprotected to yield compounds II, wherein R3 is hydrogen.
Compounds IV, wherein L′ is halogen, preferably Cl or Br, may be synthesized under standard halogenation conditions, e.g. by treatment of the corresponding methyl derivative IX.f with halogenation reagents such as Cl2, Br2, N-chlorosuccinimide, N-bromosuccinimide or isocyanuric chloride in analogy to methods described in Bioorg. Med. Chem. 15(10), 3315-3320; 2007, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 4, 947-957, 2006; J. Med. Chem. 48(5), 1367-1383, 2005; or J. Org. Chem. 68(11), 4179-4188, 2003.
Compounds IV, wherein L′ is methylsulfonyl or toluenesulfonyl, may be prepared under standard conditions by reacting the corresponding alcohol with methanesulfonic anhydride or trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, respectively, in analogy to methods described in J. Org. Chem. 50, 165-2170, 1985; or J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1: Org. Bioorg. Chem. 12, 2887-2894, 1980.
The group R3 may be present in compounds II or may be introduced at a later stage as shown below by standard conditions in analogy to Coll. Czechoslovak. Chem. Comm. 40(4), 1193-1198, 1975 or J. Med. Chem. 19(12), 1409-1416, 1991, upon reaction of compounds I, wherein R3 is hydrogen, with suitable compounds XI, wherein the R3 and the leaving group L are as defined above and which compounds XI are known in the art:
Compounds III and its derivatives III.a and III.b are known in the art and can be prepared in analogy to methods described in the European patent application 08101694.1.
If individual compounds I cannot be obtained by the routes described above, they can be prepared by derivatization of other compounds I.
The N-oxides may be prepared from the compounds I according to conventional oxidation methods, for example by treating compounds I with an organic peracid such as metachloroperbenzoic acid (cf. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 38(11), 1892-903 (1995); or WO 03/64572); or with inorganic oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide (cf. J. Heterocyc. Chem. 18(7), 1305-8, 1981) or oxone (cf. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123(25), 5962-5973, 2001). The oxidation may lead to pure mono-N-oxides or to a mixture of different N-oxides, which can be separated by conventional methods such as chromatography.
If the synthesis yields mixtures of isomers, a separation is generally not necessarily required since in some cases the individual isomers can be interconverted during workup for use or during application (for example under the action of light, acids or bases). Such conversions may also take place after use, for example in the treatment of plants in the treated plant, or in the harmful fungus to be controlled.
The term “compounds I” refers to compounds of formula I. Likewise, this terminology applies to all sub-formulae, e.g. “compounds I.A” refers to compounds of formula I.A or “compounds II” refers to compounds of formula II.
In the definitions of the variables given above, collective terms are used which are generally representative for the substituents in question. The term “Cn-Cm” indicates the number of carbon atoms possible in each case in the substituent or substituent moiety in question.
The term “halogen” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
The term “C1-C6-alkyl” refers to a straight-chained or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl. Likewise, the term “C1-C4-alkyl” refers to a straight-chained or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
The term “C1-C4-haloalkyl” refers to a straight-chained or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups may be replaced by halogen atoms, e.g. chloromethyl, bromomethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl and pentafluoroethyl, 2-fluoropropyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, 2,3-difluoropropyl, 2-chloropropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2,3-dichloropropyl, 2-bromopropyl, 3-bromopropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trichloropropyl, CH2—C2F5, CF2—C2F5, CF(CF3)2, 1-(fluoromethyl)-2-fluoroethyl, 1-(chloromethyl)-2-chloroethyl, 1-(bromomethyl)-2-bromoethyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 4-chlorobutyl, 4-bromobutyl or nonafluorobutyl. Likewise, the term “C1-C6-haloalkyl” refers to a straight-chained or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups may be replaced by halogen atoms.
The term “C1-C6-alkoxy” refers to a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which is bonded via an oxygen, at any position in the alkyl group, e.g. OCH3, OCH2CH3, O(CH2)2CH3, 1-methylethoxy, O(CH2)3CH3, 1-methyhpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy or 1,1-dimethylethoxy, O(CH2)4CH3 or O(CH2)5CH3. Likewise, the term “C1-C4-alkoxy” refers to a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which is bonded via an oxygen, at any position in the alkyl group.
The term “C1-C4-haloalkoxy” refers to a C1-C4-alkoxy group, wherein some or all of the hydrogen atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms as mentioned above, e.g. OCH2F, OCHF2, OCF3, OCH2Cl, OCHCl2, OCCl3, chlorofluoromethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 2-bromoethoxy, 2-iodoethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, OC2F5, 2-fluoropropoxy, 3-fluoropropoxy, 2,2-difluoropropoxy, 2,3-difluoro
propoxy, 2-chloropropoxy, 3-chloropropoxy, 2,3-dichloropropoxy, 2-bromo
propoxy, 3-bromopropoxy, 3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy, 3,3,3-trichloropropoxy, OCH2—C2F5, OCF2—C2F5, 1-difluoromethyl-2-fluoroethoxy, 1-dichloromethyl-2-chloroethoxy, 1-dibromomethyl-2-bromo
ethoxy, 4-fluorobutoxy, 4-chlorobutoxy, 4-bromobutoxy or nonafluorobutoxy. Likewise, the term “C1-C6-haloalkoxy” refers to a C1-C6-alkoxy group, wherein some or all of the hydrogen atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms.
The term “C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl” refers to alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom of the alkyl radical is replaced by a C1-C4-alkoxy group. Likewise, the term “C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C6-alkyl” refers to alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom of the alkyl radical is replaced by a C1-C6-alkoxy group.
The term “C1-C4-haloalkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl” refers to alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom of the alkyl radical is replaced by a C1-C4-haloalkoxy group. Likewise, the term “C1-C6-haloalkoxy-C1-C6-alkyl” refers to alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom of the alkyl radical is replaced by a C1-C6-alkoxy group.
The term “C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C6-alkoxy” refers to an C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C6-alkyl group, which is bonded via an oxygen atom to the remainder of the molecule.
The term “C1-C4-alkylthio” as used herein refers to straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms bonded via a sulfur atom, at any position in the alkyl group, e.g. methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, isopropylthio, and n-butylthio. Likewise, the term “C1-C6-alkylthio” as used herein refers to straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms bonded via a sulfur atom. Accordingly, the terms “C1-C4-haloalkylthio” and “C1-C6-haloalkylthio” refer to straight-chain or branched haloalkyl groups having 1 to 4 or 1 to 6 carbon atoms bonded through a sulfur atom, at any position in the haloalkyl group.
The terms “C1-C4-alkylsulfinyl” and “C1-C6-alkylsulfinyl”, respectively refer to straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 4 or 1 to 6 carbon atoms, respectively, bonded through a —S(═O)— moiety, at any position in the alkyl group, e.g. methylsulfinyl and ethylsulfinyl, and the like. Accordingly, the terms “C1-C4-haloalkylsulfinyl” and “C1-C6-haloalkylsulfinyl”, respectively, refer to straight-chain or branched haloalkyl groups having 1 to 4 and 1 to 6 carbon atoms, respectively, bonded through a —S(═O)-moiety, at any position in the haloalkyl group.
The terms “C1-C4-alkylsulfonyl” and “C1-C6-alkylsulfonyl”, respectively, refer to straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 4 and 1 to 6 carbon atoms, respectively, bonded through a —S(═O)2— moiety, at any position in the alkyl group, e.g. methylsulfonyl. Accordingly, the terms “C1-C4-haloalkylsulfonyl” and “C1-C6-haloalkylsulfonyl”, respectively, refer to straight-chain or branched haloalkyl groups having 1 to 4 and 1 to 6 carbon atoms, respectively, bonded through a —S(═O)2— moiety, at any position in the haloalkyl group.
The term “C1-C4-alkylamino” refers to an amino radical carrying one C1-C4-alkyl group as substituent, e.g. methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, 1-methylethylamino, butylamino, 1-methylpropylamino, 2-methylpropylamino, 1,1-dimethylethylamino and the like. Likewise, the term “C1-C6-alkylamino” refers to an amino radical carrying one C1-C6-alkyl group as substituent.
The term “di(C1-C4-alkyl)amino” refers to an amino radical carrying two identical or different C1-C4-alkyl groups as substituents, for example dimethylamino, diethylamino, di-n-propylamino, diisopropylamino, N-ethyl-N-methylamino, N-(n-propyl)-N-methylamino, N-(isopropyl)-N methylamino, N-(n-butyl)-N-methylamino, N-(n-pentyl)-N-methylamino, N-(2-butyl)-N methylamino, N-(isobutyl)-N-methylamino, and the like. Likewise, the term “di(C1-C6-alkyl)amino” refers to an amino radical carrying two identical or different C1-C6-alkyl groups as substituents.
Accordingly, the terms “C1-C6-haloalkylamino” and “di(C1-C4-haloalkyl)amino”, respectively, refer to amino radicals carrying one and two identical or different C1-C6-alkyl groups as substituents, respectively.
The term “C1-C4-alkylcarbonyl” refers to a C1-C6-alkyl radical which is attached via a carbonyl group. The term “(C1-C6-alkoxy)carbonyl” refers to a C1-C6-alkoxy radical which is attached via a carbonyl group. Accordingly, the terms “C1-C6-haloalkylcarbonyl” and “C1-C6-haloalkoxycarbonyl”, respectively, refer to a C1-C6-alkyl radical and a C1-C6-alkoxy radical, respectively, which are attached via a carbonyl group.
The term “C1-C6-alkylaminocarbonyl” refers to a C1-C6-alkylamino radical which is attached via a carbonyl group. Likewise, the term “di(C1-C5-alkyl)aminocarbonyl” refers to a di(C1-C6)alkylamino radical which is attached via a carbonyl group.
The term “phenoxy” and refers to a phenyl radical which is attached via an oxygen atom. Likewise, the term “phenoxy-C1-C6-alkyl” and refers to a phenoxy radical which is attached via a C1-C6-alkyl group.
The term “C2-C4-alkenyl” refers to a straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and a double bond in any position, e.g. ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl (allyl), 1-methylethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl. Likewise, the term “C2-C6-alkenyl” refers to a straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and a double bond in any position.
The term “C2-C4-alkynyl” refers to a straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and containing at least one triple bond, such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl. Likewise, the term “C2-C6-alkynyl” refers to a straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one triple bond.
The term “C3-C10-cycloalkyl” refers to monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged and diamandoid saturated hydrocarbon radicals having 3 to 10 carbon ring members, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, norbornyl or adamantyl.
Likewise, the term “C3-C10-cycloalkenyl” refers to monocyclic, bicyclic and bridged unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals having 3 to 10 carbon ring members and a double bond in any position, such as cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctenyl, cyclononenyl, cyclodecenyl or norbornenyl.
The term “C1-C6-alkyl-C3-C8-cycloalkyl” refers to a cycloalkyl radical having 3 to 8 carbon atoms (as defined above), wherein one hydrogen atom of the cycloalkyl radical is replaced by a C1-C6-alkyl group.
The term “5-, 6- or 7-membered carbocycle” is to be understood as meaning both saturated or partially unsaturated carbocycles having 5, 6 or 7 ring members as well as phenyl. Examples for non-aromatic rings include cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl, cycloheptadienyl, and the like.
The term “5-, 6-, or 7-membered heterocycle” wherein the ring member atoms of the heterocycle include besides carbon atoms 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group of N, O and S, is to be understood as meaning both saturated and partially unsaturated as well as aromatic heterocycles having 5, 6 or 7 ring member atoms. Examples include:
The term “C1-C6-alkanediyl” refers to a divalent, branched, or straight-chain saturated hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, derived from a C1-C8-alkyl group that has two points of attachment.
As used herein, the term “C3-C8-cycloalkylene” refers to a divalent radical derived from a C3-C8-cycloalkyl group that has two points of attachment. Likewise, the term “C3-C8-cycloalkenylene” refers to a divalent radical derived from a C3-C8-cycloalkenyl group that has two points of attachment. Accordingly, the term “heterocyclylene” refers to a heterocyclyl group that has two points of attachment.
Furthermore, the term “5- or 6-membered heteroarenediyl” refers to a divalent radical derived from a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl having two points of attachment. Examples of heteroarenediyl radicals are, for example, divalent radicals derived from pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,2,3,4-tetrazine, furan, thiophene, pyrrole, thiazole, thiadiazole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, oxazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, oxadiazole and the like. The aforementioned groups can be C-attached or N-attached where such is possible. For example, a group derived from pyrrole, imidiazole or pyrazole can be N-attached or C-attached.
Likewise, the term “5-, 6-, or 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclylene” refers to a divalent radical derived from a saturated and partially unsaturated 5-, 6-, or 7-membered heterocycle having two points of attachment.
The term “phenylene” refers to 1,2-phenylene (o-phenylene), 1,3-phenylene (m-phenylene) and 1,4-phenylene (p-phenylene).
The term “two radicals Ra that are bound to adjacent ring member atoms of the triazine ring may form together with said ring member atoms a fused 5-, 6- or 7-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic cycle” refers to a condensed bicyclic ring system, wherein the triazine ring carries a fused-on 5-, 6- or 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
The term “two radicals Rb that are bound to adjacent ring member atoms of the group A may form together with said ring member atoms a fused 5-, 6- or 7-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic cycle” refers to a condensed bicyclic ring system, wherein the C3-C8-cycloalkylene, C3-C8-cycloalkenylene, phenylene or a 5- or 6-membered heteroarenediyl, respectively carry a fused-on 5-, 6- or 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
The term “two radicals Rc that are bound to adjacent ring member atoms of the group D may form together with said ring member atoms a fused 5-, 6- or 7-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic aromatic cycle, which may be a carbocycle or heterocycle” refers to a condensed bicyclic ring system, wherein the C3-C8-cycloalkyl, phenyl and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, respectively carry a fused-on 5-, 6- or 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
Agriculturally acceptable salts of the compounds I encompass especially the salts of those cations or the acid addition salts of those acids whose cations and anions, respectively, have no adverse effect on the fungicidal action of the compounds I. Suitable cations are thus in particular the ions of the alkali metals, preferably sodium and potassium, of the alkaline earth metals, preferably calcium, magnesium and barium, of the transition metals, preferably manganese, copper, zinc and iron, and also the ammonium ion which, if desired, may carry one to four C1-C4-alkyl substituents and/or one phenyl or benzyl substituent, preferably diisopropylammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, trimethylbenzylammonium, furthermore phosphonium ions, sulfonium ions, preferably tri(C1-C4-alkyl)sulfonium, and sulfoxonium ions, preferably tri(C1-C4-alkyl)sulfoxonium. Anions of useful acid addition salts are primarily chloride, bromide, fluoride, hydrogensulfate, sulfate, dihydrogenphosphate, hydrogenphosphate, phosphate, nitrate, bicarbonate, carbonate, hexafluorosilicate, hexafluorophosphate, benzoate, and the anions of C1-C4-alkanoic acids, preferably formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate. They can be formed by reacting a compound of formula I with an acid of the corresponding anion, preferably of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid.
The compounds of formula I can be present in atropisomers arising from restricted rotation about a single bond of asymmetric groups. They also form part of the subject matter of the present invention.
Depending on the substitution pattern, the compounds of formula I and their N-oxides may have one or more centers of chirality, in which case they are present as pure enantiomers or pure diastereomers or as enantiomer or diastereomer mixtures. Both, the pure enantiomers or diastereomers and their mixtures are subject matter of the present invention.
In respect of the variables, the embodiments of the intermediates correspond to the embodiments of the compounds I.
Preference is given to those compounds I and where applicable also to compounds of all sub-formulae provided herein, e.g. formulae I.1 and I.2 or formulae I.A to I.K and to the intermediates such as compounds II, III, IV and IX.a to IX.h, wherein the substituents and variables (e.g. T, R1, R2, R3, A, Y, D, Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Re, R′, R″ and R′″) have independently of each other or more preferably in combination the following meanings:
One embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein T is 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-5-yl or 1,2,4-triazin-6-yl, which triazinyl radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents Ra.
Another embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein T is selected from the group of 1,2,4-triazin-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-5-yl and 1,2,4-triazin-6-yl, which 1,2,4-triazinyl radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents Ra.
Another embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein T is 1,3,5-triazin-6-yl which is unsubstituted or carries 1 or 2 identical or different substituents Ra.
One embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein T carries 1 or 2 identical or different substituents Ra. Another embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein T carries 1 substituent Ra. A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein T carries 2 identical or different substituents Ra. A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein T is unsubstituted.
In one embodiment, Ra is halogen, CN, NH2, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-haloalkoxy, C1-C6-alkylthio, C1-C6-haloalkylthio, C1-C6-alkylamino, C1-C6-haloalkylamino, di(C1-C6-alkyl)amino, di(C1-C6-haloalkyl)amino, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl, C1-C6-haloalkylcarbonyl, C1-C6-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C6-haloalkoxycarbonyl, C1-C6-alkylaminocarbonyl, di(C1-C6-alkyl)aminocarbonyl.
In another embodiment, Ra is halogen, CN, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy, C3-C8-cycloalkyl or C1-C4-alkyl-C3-C8-cycloalkyl.
In a further embodiment, Ra is Cl, CN, CH3, CF3, OCH3, OCF3, N(CH3)2, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl and preferably selected from C(═O)CH3, C(═O)CH(CH3)2 and C(═O)C(CH3)3, C1-haloalkylcarbonyl, in particular C(═O)CF3, C1-C4-alkoxycarbonyl and preferably selected from C(═O)OCH3, C(═O)OCH(CH3)2 and C(═O)OC(CH3)3, C1-haloalkoxycarbonyl, in particular C(═O)OCF3, C1-C6-alkylaminocarbonyl and preferably selected from C(═O)NHCH3, C(═O)NHCH(CH3)2 and C(═O)NHC(CH3)3, di(C1-C6-alkyl)aminocarbonyl and preferably selected from C(═O)N(CH3)2, C(═O)N[CH(CH3)2]2 and C(═O)N[C(CH3)3]2.
In a further embodiment, Ra is CH2CH3, CH2(CH3)2, CF3, OCH3, OCH2CH3, isopropoxy, OCF3, OCHF2, NHCH3, N(CH3)2, NHCH2CH3 or NHCH2(CH3)2.
In a further embodiment, Ra is CH2CH3, CH2(CH3)2, CF3, OCH2CH3, isopropoxy, OCF3, OCHF2, N(CH3)2, NHCH2CH3 or NHCH2(CH3)2.
In a further embodiment, Ra is halogen and preferably selected from F and Cl and in particular, Ra is Cl. In a further embodiment, Ra is CN. In a further embodiment, Ra is C1-C6-alkyl and preferably selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl and t-butyl. In a further embodiment, Ra is C1-C6-haloalkyl, more preferably, Ra is C1-haloalkyl and in particular, Ra is trifluoromethyl. In a further embodiment, Ra is C1-C4-alkoxy and preferably selected from methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy and i-propyloxy.
If T is a 1,2,4-triazin-3-yl radical, a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein two radicals Ra that are bound to adjacent ring member atoms of the triazine ring do not form together with said ring member atoms any fused cycle. In a further embodiment, two radicals Ra that are bound to adjacent ring member atoms of the triazine ring form together with said ring member atoms a fused 5-, 6- or 7-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic aromatic cycle, which may be a carbocycle or heterocycle, wherein the ring member atoms of the fused heterocycle include besides carbon atoms 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group of N, O and S, and wherein the fused carbocycle or heterocycle is unsubstituted and carries 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different groups as defined for Ra. In one embodiment, the fused cycle is preferably phenyl. In a another embodiment, the fused cycle is preferably a saturated carbocycle and in particular cyclohexyl. In a further embodiment, the fused cycle is preferably a partially unsaturated carbocycle and in particular cyclohexenyl. In a further embodiment, the fused cycle is preferably an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl, in particular pyridyl. In a further embodiment, the fused cycle is preferably an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl in particular furanyl or thienyl.
In one embodiment, two radicals Ra that are bound to adjacent ring member atoms of the triazine ring form together with said ring member atoms a fused 5-, 6- or 7-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic cycle, which is substituted by 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different radicals selected from halogen, CN, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkyl and C1-C4-haloalkoxy.
More preferred embodiments relate to compounds I and to its intermediates, wherein T is one of the following radicals T-a to T-d:
in which * indicates the point of attachment to the methylene bridge bound to the nitrogen atom of the sulfonamide group; and Ra1 and Ra2 are each independently hydrogen or have one of the definitions specified for Ra, especially those being preferred.
Particularly preferred embodiments relate to compounds I, wherein T is one of the following radicals T-1 to T-694:
in which % indicates the point of attachment to the triazine ring at the position of the Ra1 substituent; and # indicates the point of attachment to the triazine ring at the position of the Ra2 substituent.
One embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R1 and R2 are independently from one another hydrogen or C1-C8-alkyl, and in particular hydrogen.
One embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R3 is hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl or C1-C6-haloalkylcarbonyl, preferably hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl, and in particular hydrogen.
Another embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R3 is C1-C4-alkyl, —CH2—CH═CH2 or —CH2—C≡CH.
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R3 is C1-C4-alkyl and preferably selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and i-propyl, and in particular, R3 is methyl.
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R3 is C1-C4-haloalkyl, more preferably R3 is C1-haloalkyl, and in particular, R3 is trifluoromethyl.
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R3 is C1-C4-alkoxy and preferably selected from methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy and i-propyloxy, and in particular, R3 is methoxy.
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen, which compounds are of formula I.1
One embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein A is phenylene or heteroarenediyl, as defined above, which both are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different substituents Rb.
One embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein A is phenylene, which ist unsubstituted or carries 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different substituents Rb, with 1,3-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene being preferred.
Another embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein A is 1,4-phenylene, which is unsubstituted or carries 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different substituents Rb, and in particular A is 1,4-phenylene, which is unsubstituted.
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein A is C3-C8-cycloalkylene and preferably selected from 1,2-cyclohexylene, 1,3-cyclohexylene and 1,4-cyclohexylene, and wherein the aforementioned radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different substituents Rb.
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein A is C3-C8-cycloalkenylene and selected from 1,2-cyclohex-1-enylene, 1,3-cyclohex-1-enylene, 1,4-cyclohex-1-enylene, 1,3-cyclohex-2-enylene and 1,4-cyclohex-2-enylene, and wherein the radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different substituents Rb.
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein A is a saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclylene, wherein preferably the heterocyclylene carries 1 or 2 heteroatoms as ring member atoms, more preferably one of these heteroatoms is N, and selected from 2-tetrahydrofurandiyl, 3-tetrahydrofurandiyl, 2-tetrahydrothiendiyl, 3-tetrahydrothiendiyl, 2-pyrrolidindiyl, 3-pyrrolidindiyl, 3-isoxazolidindiyl, 4-isoxazolidindiyl, 5-isoxazolidindiyl, 3 isothiazolidindiyl, 4-isothiazolidindiyl, 5-isothiazolidindiyl, 3-pyrazolidindiyl, 4-pyrazolidindiyl, 5-pyrazolidindiyl, 2-oxazolidindiyl, 4-oxazolidindiyl, 5-oxazolidindiyl, 2-thiazolidindiyl, 4-thiazolidindiyl, 5-thiazolidindiyl, 2-imidazolidindiyl, 4-imidazolidindiyl, 2-pyrrolin-2-diyl, 2-pyrrolin-3-diyl, 3-pyrrolin-2-diyl, 3-pyrrolin-3-diyl, 2-piperidindiyl, 3-piperidindiyl, 4-piperidindiyl, 1,3-dioxan-5-diyl, 2-tetrahydropyrandiyl, 4-tetrahydropyrandiyl, 2-tetrahydrothiendiyl, 3-hexahydropyridazindiyl, 4-hexahydropyridazindiyl, 2-hexahydropyrimidindiyl, 4-hexahydropyrimidindiyl, 5-hexahydropyrimidindiyl and 2-piperazindiyl, and wherein the aforementioned radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different substituents Rb.
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein A is a heteroarenediyl selected from the group consisting of pyridindiyl, pyrimidindiyl, pyridazindiyl, pyrazindiyl, triazindiyl, furandiyl, thiendiyl, pyrroldiyl, pyrazoldiyl, isoxazoldiyl, isothiazoldiyl, imidazoldiyl, oxazoldiyl, thiazoldiyl, triazoldiyl, thiadiazoldiyl and oxadiazoldiyl, and wherein the 17 aforementioned radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2 or 3 identical or different substituents Rb. If one point of attachment is located on a nitrogen atom of the heteroarenediyl radical, said nitrogen atom is attached either to the sulfur atom of the sulfonamide group or to Y, with the point of attachment to Y being more preferred. In one embodiment, A is pyridindiyl. In the another embodiment, A is pyrimidindiyl. In a further embodiment, A is pyridazindiyl. In a further embodiment, A is pyrazindiyl. In a further embodiment, A is furandiyl. In a further embodiment, A is thiendiyl. In a further embodiment, A is pyrroldiyl. In a further embodiment, A is pyrazoldiyl. In a further embodiment, A is isoxazoldiyl. In a further embodiment, A is isothiazoldiyl. In a further embodiment, A is imidazoldiyl. In a further embodiment, A is oxazoldiyl. In a further embodiment, A is thiazoldiyl. In a further embodiment, A is 1,2,4-triazoldiyl. In a further embodiment, A is 1,2,4-thiadiazoldiyl. In a further embodiment, A is 1,2,4-oxadiazoldiyl.
Amongst compounds I, wherein A is a 6-membered heteroarenediyl, particular preference given to those, wherein A is pyridindiyl or pyrimidinyl, wherein each of the two radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2 or 3 identical or different substituents Rb.
Amongst compounds I, wherein A is a 6-membered heteroarenediyl, most preference is given to those, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of pyridin-2,5-diyl, pyridin-2,6-diyl, pyridin-2,4-diyl, pyridin-3,5-diyl, pyrimidin-2,5-diyl, pyrimidin-2,4-diyl and pyrimidin-4,6-diyl wherein the aforementioned heteroarenediyl radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different substituents Rb.
Amongst compounds I, wherein A is a 5-membered heteroarenediyl, particular preference given to those, wherein A is thiendiyl, thiazoldiyl, oxazoldiyl, pyrazoldiyl or pyridindiyl, wherein each of the aforementioned five radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2 or 3 identical or different substituents Rb.
Amongst compounds I, wherein A is a 5-membered heteroarenediyl, most preference is given to those, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of thiophen-2,5-diyl, thiophen-2,4-diyl, thiophen-3,5-diyl, thiazol-2,5-diyl, thiazol-2,4-diyl, oxazol-2,5-diyl, oxazol-2,4-diyl, pyrazol-3,5-diyl, pyrazol-1,3-diyl and pyrazol-1,4-diyl, wherein the aforementioned heteroarenediyl radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different substituents Rb.
Particularly preferred embodiments relate to compounds I, in which A is one of the following radicals A-1 to A-139:
wherein # indicates the bond to the sulfur atom of the sulfonamide group; and * indicates the bond to Y.
One embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein the group A carries 1 or 2 radicals Rb. In another embodiment, the group A is unsubstituted or carries 1 radical Rb. In a further embodiment, the group A is unsubstituted. In a further embodiment, the group A carries one radical Rb. In a further embodiment, the group A carries two radicals Rb.
If Rb is present, Rb is preferably halogen, CN, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-haloalkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, C2-C4-haloalkynyl, C1-C4-alkylcarbonyl, C1-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4-alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkylamino, C1-C4-alkylaminocarbonyl or di(C1-C4-alkyl)aminocarbonyl. More preferably, Rb is halogen, CN, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy or C1-C4-haloalkoxy.
In a further embodiment, Rb is halogen and preferably selected from fluorine and chlorine, and in particular, chlorine. In a further embodiment, Rb is CN. In a further embodiment, Rb is C1-C4-alkyl and preferably selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and i-propyl, and in particular, methyl. In a further embodiment, Rb is C1-C4-haloalkyl. More preferably, Rb is C1-haloalkyl and in particular, trifluoromethyl. In a further embodiment, Rb is C1-C4-alkoxy and preferably selected from methoxy and ethoxy. In a further embodiment, Rb is C1-C4-haloalkoxy and preferably halomethoxy such as difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, dichloromethoxy and trichloromethoxy; haloethoxy such as 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloroethoxy and 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy; halo-n-propoxy, halo-i-propoxy, halo-n-butoxy, halo-1-methyl-propoxy, halo-2-methylpropoxy or halo-1,1-dimethylethoxy.
In a further embodiment, two radicals Rb that are bound to adjacent ring member atoms of the group A do not form together with said ring member atoms a fused cycle.
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein two radicals Rb that are bound to adjacent ring member atoms of the group A form together with said ring member atoms a fused cycle being a fused 5-, 6- or 7-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic carbocycle or heterocycle, wherein the ring member atoms of the fused heterocycle include besides carbon atoms 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group of N, O and S, and wherein the fused cycle is unsubstituted and carries 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different groups as defined for Rb. In one embodiment, the fused cycle is preferably phenyl. In another embodiment, the fused cycle is preferably a saturated carbocycle and in particular cyclohexyl. In a further embodiment, the fused cycle is preferably a partially unsaturated carbocycle and in particular cyclohexenyl.
One embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein Y is —O—, —S— or —NH—. Another embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein Y is a direct bond or —O—. A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen and Y is —O—, which are represented by formula I.A:
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen and Y is a direct bond, which are represented by formula I.B:
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein Y is —N(R′″)—, wherein R′″ is hydrogen or C1-C4-alkyl. If R′″ is present, in one embodiment, R′″ is C1-C4-alkyl, and preferably selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and i-propyl, and in particular, methyl. Particularly preferred compounds I, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen and Y is —N(CH3)—, which are represented by formula I.C:
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen and Y is —NH—, which are represented by formula I.D:
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen and Y is —S—, which are represented by formula I.E:
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen and Y is —S(═O)—, which are represented by formula I.F:
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen and Y is —S(═O)2—, which are represented by formula I.G:
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen and Y is —CH2—, which are represented by formula I.H:
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen and Y is —O(CH2)—, which are represented by formula I.J:
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen and Y is —(CH2)O—, which are represented by formula I.K:
One embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein D is C3-C10-cycloalkyl and preferably selected from cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and adamantyl, and in particular cyclohexyl, and wherein the aforementioned radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 identical or different substituents Rc.
Another embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein D is C3-C10-cycloalkenyl and preferably selected from cyclopropenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl and norbornenyl, and in particular cyclohexenyl, and wherein the aforementioned radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 identical or different substituents Rc.
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein D is phenyl, which is unsubstituted or carries 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 identical or different substituents Rc.
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, in which D is a 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein the ring member atoms of the heteroaryl include besides carbon atoms 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group of N, O and S, and wherein the 6-membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or carries 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different groups Rc.
If D is a 6-membered heteroaryl, in one embodiment, D carries at least 1 nitrogen as ring member atom. In one embodiment, D is a pyridyl radical that is preferably selected from pyridin-2-yl and pyridin-3-yl, and wherein the aforementioned pyridyl radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different substituents Rc. In another embodiment, D is a pyridin-2-yl radical that is substituted by 1 or 2 identical or different substituents Rc. In a more preferred embodiment, D is selected from 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl, 4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl, 5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl, 3-chloropyridin-2-yl, 4-chloropyridin-2-yl, 5-chloropyridin-2-yl, 3-cyanopyridin-2-yl, 4-cyanopyridin-2-yl, 5-cyanopyridin-2-yl, 3-nitropyridin-2-yl, 4-nitropyridin-2-yl, 5-nitropyridin-2-yl, 3-methoxycarbonylpyridin-2-yl, 4-methoxycarbonylpyridin-2-yl, 5-methoxycarbonylpyridin-2-yl, 3-aminocarbonylpyridin-2-yl, 4-aminocarbonylpyridin-2-yl, 5-aminocarbonylpyridin-2-yl, 3-methoxypyridin-2-yl, 3-ethoxypyridin-2-yl, 3-difluoromethoxypyridin-2-yl, 5-methoxypyridin-2-yl, 5-ethoxypyridin-2-yl, 5-difluoromethoxypyridin-2-yl, 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl, 3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl, 3-bromo-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl, 3-methyl-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl, 3-ethyl-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl, 3-chloro-5-difluoromethoxypyridin-2-yl, 3-fluoro-5-difluoromethoxypyridin-2-yl, 3-methyl-5-difluoromethoxypyridin-2-yl, 3-chloro-5-trichloromethylpyridin-2-yl, 3-fluoro-5-trichloromethylpyridin-2-yl, 3-chloro-5-cyanopyridin-2-yl, 3-fluoro-5-cyanopyridin-2-yl, 3-methyl-5-cyanopyridin-2-yl, 3-ethyl-5-cyanopyridin-2-yl, 3-chloro-5-nitropyridin-2-yl, 3-chloro-5-methoxycarbonylpyridin-2-yl, 3-chloro-5-aminocarbonylpyridin-2-yl, 3-chloro-5-methylaminocarbonylpyridin-2-yl, 3-fluoro-5-nitropyridin-2-yl, 3,5-dichloropyridin-2-yl, 3,5-difluoropyridin-2-yl, 3,5-dibromopyridin-2-yl, 3-methyl-5-chloropyridin-2-yl, 3-methyl-5-fluoropyridin-2-yl, 3-methyl-5-bromopyridin-2-yl, 3-methoxy-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl, 3-methoxy-5-cyanopyridin-2-yl, 3-methoxy-5-nitropyridin-2-yl, 3-methoxy-5-difluoromethoxypyridin-2-yl, 3-ethoxy-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl, 3-ethoxy-5-cyanopyridin-2-yl, 3-ethoxy-5-nitropyridin-2-yl, 3-ethoxy-5-difluoromethoxypyridin-2-yl, 3-chloro-4-methyl-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl and 3,4-dichloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl.
In a further embodiment, D is pyridin-3-yl, which is unsubstituted or carries 1 or 2 radicals Rc. In a more preferred embodiment, D is selected from 6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl, 2-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl, 4-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl, 4-chloro-6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl, 2-chloro-6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl, 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl, 4-fluoro-6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl, 4,6-di(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl, 4,6-dichloropyridin-3-yl, 4-methyl-6-chloropyridin-3-yl, 5-cyanopyridin-3-yl, 5-fluoro-6-cyanopyridin-3-yl, 4-fluoro-6-cyanopyridin-3-yl, 6-methylsulfonylpyridin-3-yl, 5-chloro-6-methylsulfonylpyridin-3-yl and 5-methyl-6-methylsulfonylpyridin-3-yl.
In a further embodiment, D is a pyridazinyl radical. More preferably, D is pyridazin-3-yl, which is unsubstituted or carries 1 or 2 radicals Rc. In a particularly preferred embodiment, D is selected from 4-trifluoromethylpyridazin-3-yl, 4-methyl-6-trifluoromethylpyridazin-3-yl, 4-chloro-6-difluoromethoxypyridazin-3-yl, 4-fluoro-6-difluoromethoxypyridazin-3-yl and 4-methyl-6-difluoromethoxypyridazin-3-yl.
In a further embodiment, D is a pyrimidinyl radical and preferably selected from pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl and pyrimidin-6-yl, and wherein the aforementioned pyrimidinyl radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2 or 3 identical or different substituents Rc. In a particularly preferred embodiment, D is selected from pyrimidin-2-yl, 4-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 5-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-2-yl, 2-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl, 2-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-5-yl, 4-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-6-yl, 4-cyanopyrimidin-2-yl, 5-cyanopyrimidin-2-yl, 4-(1,1,1-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl, 5-chloro-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl, 5-fluoro-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl and 5-chloro-2-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl.
In a further embodiment, D is a pyrazinyl radical that is unsubstituted or carries 1, 2 or 3 identical or different substituents Rc. In a particularly preferred embodiment, D is selected from 6-trifluoromethylpyrazin-2-yl, 5-trifluoromethylpyrazin-2-yl, 3-trifluoromethylpyrazin-2-yl, 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyrazin-2-yl, 3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylpyrazin-2-yl and 5-chloro-6-trifluoromethylpyrazin-2-yl.
In a further embodiment, D is a triazinyl radical selected from 1,2,4-triazin-2-yl and 1,2,4-triazin-3-yl, wherein the aforementioned triazinyl radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2 or 3 identical or different substituents Rc. In a particularly preferred embodiment, D is selected from 1,2,4-triazin-3-yl, 6-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl, 5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl, 4,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, 4,6-bis(difluoromethoxy)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl and 4,6-bismethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl.
Another embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein D is a 5-membered heteroaryl, wherein the ring member atoms of the heteroaryl include besides carbon atoms 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group of N, O and S, and wherein the heteroaryl is unsubstituted or carries 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different groups Rc.
If D is a 5-membered heteroaryl, D carries 1 heteroatom as ring member atom. In one embodiment, D is a furanyl radical selected from furan-2-yl and furan-3-yl, wherein the aforementioned furanyl radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2 or 3 identical or different substituents Rc. In another embodiment, D is a thienyl radical selected from thien-2-yl and thien-3-yl, wherein the aforementioned thienyl radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2 or 3 identical or different substituents Rc. In a further embodiment, D is a pyrrolyl radical selected from pyrrol-2-yl and pyrrol-3-yl, wherein the aforementioned pyrrolyl radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different substituents Rc.
If D is a 5-membered heteroaryl, D carries 2 heteroatoms as ring member atoms. In a more preferred embodiment, D carries at least 1 nitrogen as ring member atom. In another embodiment, D is a pyrazolyl radical that is unsubstituted or carries 1, 2 or 3 identical or different substituents Rc. In a further embodiment, D is an isoxazolyl radical that is unsubstituted or carries 1 or 2 identical or different substituents Rc. In a further embodiment, D is an isothiazolyl radical that is unsubstituted or carries 1 or 2 identical or different substituents Rc. In a further embodiment, D is an imidazolyl radical that is unsubstituted or carries 1, 2 or 3 identical or different substituents Rc. In a further embodiment, D is an oxazolyl radical that is unsubstituted or carries 1 or 2 identical or different substituents Rc. In a further embodiment, D is a thiazolyl radical that is unsubstituted or carries 1 or 2 identical or different substituents Rc. More preferably, D is thiazol-2-yl, which is unsubstituted or carries 1 or 2 radicals Rc. In a particularly preferred embodiment, D is selected from thiazol-2-yl, 5-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl and 4-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl.
In another embodiment, D is a 5-membered heteroaryl with three heteroatoms as ring member atoms and more preferably, D has at least two nitrogens as ring member atoms.
Particularly preferred embodiments relate to compounds I, in which D is one of the following radicals D-1 to D-50:
in which * indicates the bond to Y; and Rc1, Rc2, Rc3, Rc4 and Rc5 are each independently hydrogen or have one of the definitions specified for Rc, especially those being preferred.
One embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein D carries 1, 2 or 3 radicals Rc. Another embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein D carries 1 or 2 radicals Rc. A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein D carries 1 radical Rc. A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein D carries 2 radicals Rc. A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein D carries 3 radicals Rc. A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein D is unsubstituted. In a further embodiment, two radicals Rc that are bound to adjacent ring member atoms of the group D do not form together with said ring member atoms any fused cycle.
Preferably, Rc is halogen, CN, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-haloalkoxy, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C6-alkyl, C(═O)R′, C(═NOR″)R′″, C3-C8-cycloalkyl, C1-C6-alkyl-C3-C8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenoxy, phenoxy-C1-C4-alkyl or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein the ring member atoms of the heteroaryl include besides carbon atoms 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group of N, O and S, and wherein the aforementioned cyclic radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different substituents Rd.
In one embodiment, Rc is halogen and preferably selected from F and Cl and in particular, Rc is Cl. In another embodiment, Rc is CN. In a further embodiment, Rc is C1-C6-alkyl and preferably selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and i-propyl, and in particular, Rc is methyl. In a further embodiment, Rc is C1-C6-haloalkyl. More preferably, Rc is C1-haloalkyl and selected from fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl and trichloromethyl, and in particular, Rc is trifluoromethyl. In a further embodiment, Rc is C1-C6-alkoxy and preferably selected from methoxy and ethoxy. In a further embodiment, Rc is C1-C6-haloalkoxy and preferably halomethoxy such as difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, dichloromethoxy and trichloromethoxy; haloethoxy such as 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloroethoxy and 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy; halo-n-propoxy, halo-1-propoxy, halo-n-butoxy, halo-1-methylpropoxy, halo-2-methyl-propoxy or halo-1,1-dimethylethoxy. In a further embodiment, Rc is C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C6-alkyl and preferably selected from methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl and ethoxyethyl.
In a further embodiment, Rc is C3-Cs-cycloalkyl and preferably selected from cyclopropyl, cylopentyl and cyclohexyl, and in particular, Rc is cyclopropyl. In a further embodiment, Rc is C1-C6-alkyl-C3-C8-cycloalkyl and selected from cylopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cycloheptylmethyl and cyclooctylmethyl. In a further embodiment, Rc is phenyl. In a further embodiment, Rc is phenoxy. In a further embodiment, Rc is phenoxy-C1-C6-alkyl and selected from phenoxymethyl, 1-phenoxy-ethyl and 2-phenoxyethyl.
In a further embodiment, Rc is a 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein the ring member atoms of the heteroaryl include besides carbon atoms 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group of N, O and S, and wherein Rc is unsubstituted or carries 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different groups Rd.
If Rc is a 5-membered heteroaryl, Rc carries 1 heteroatom as ring member atom. In another embodiment, Rc is a furanyl radical that is unsubstituted or carries 1, 2 or 3 identical or different substituents Rd. In a further embodiment, Rc is a thienyl radical that is unsubstituted or carries 1, 2 or 3 identical or different substituents Rd. In a further embodiment, Rc is a pyrrolyl radical selected from pyrrol-2-yl and pyrrol-3-yl, wherein the aforementioned pyrrolyl radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different substituents Rd.
If Rc is a 5-membered heteroaryl, Rc carries 2 heteroatoms as ring member atoms. In a further embodiment, Rc is a pyrazolyl radical selected from pyrazol-3-yl, pyrazol-4-yl and pyrazol-5-yl, wherein the aforementioned pyrazolyl radicals are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2 or 3 identical or different substituents Rd. In a further embodiment, Rc is an isoxazolyl radical that is unsubstituted or carries 1 or 2 identical or different substituents Rd. In a further embodiment, Rc is an isothiazolyl radical that is unsubstituted or carries 1 or 2 identical or different substituents Rd. In a further embodiment, Rc is an imidazolyl radical that is unsubstituted or carries 1, 2 or 3 identical or different substituents Rd. In a further embodiment, Rc is an oxazolyl radical that is unsubstituted or carries 1 or 2 identical or different substituents Rd. In a further embodiment, Rc is a thiazolyl radical that is unsubstituted or carries 1 or 2 identical or different substituents Rd.
A further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein two radicals Rc that are bound to adjacent ring member atoms of the group D form together with said ring member atoms a fused cycle being a fused 5-, 6- or 7-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic carbocycle or heterocycle, wherein the ring member atoms of the fused heterocycle include besides carbon atoms 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group of N, O and S, and wherein the fused cycle is unsubstituted and carries 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different Rc radicals. In one embodiment, the fused cycle is preferably phenyl. In another embodiment, the fused cycle is preferably a saturated carbocycle and in particular cyclohexyl. In a further embodiment, the fused cycle is preferably a partially unsaturated carbocycle and in particular cyclohexenyl.
If Rc is C(═O)R′, R′ is selected from NH2, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy, C1-C4-alkylamino and di(C1-C4-alkyl)-amino. If Rc is C(═O)R′, R′ is preferably NH2. If Rc is C(═O)R′, R′ is preferably C1-C4-alkyl and in particular, methyl. If Rc is C(═O)R′, R′ is preferably C1-C4-alkoxy and more preferably selected from methoxy and ethoxy. If Rc is C(═O)R′, R′ is preferably C1-C4-haloalkyl. More preferably, R′ is C1-haloalkyl and selected from fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl and trichloromethyl. If Rc is C(═O)R′, R′ is preferably C1-C4-haloalkoxy and preferably halomethoxy, such as difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, dichloromethoxy and trichloromethoxy, or haloethoxy, such as 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloroethoxy and 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy. If Rc is C(═O)R′, R′ is preferably C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkoxy and selected from methoxy-methoxy, methoxy-ethoxy, ethoxy-methoxy and ethoxy-ethoxy. If Rc is C(═O)R′, R′ is preferably C1-C4-alkylamino and in particular selected from methylamino and ethylamino. If Rc is C(═O)R′, R′ is preferably di(C1-C4-alkyl)amino and more preferably selected from dimethylamino, methyl-ethyl-amino, methyl-n-propyl-amino, methyl-i-propyl-amino, methyl-n-butyl-amino, methyl-(1-methyl-propyl)-amino, methyl-(2-methylpropyl)-amino, methyl-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-amino, diethylamino, and in particular from dimethylamino, methyl-ethylamino and diethylamino.
If Rc is C(═NOR″)R′″, in one embodiment, R″ is C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl or C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl.
If Rc is C(═NOR″)R′″, R″ is preferably C1-C4-alkyl and more preferably selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, and in particular, R″ is methyl.
If Rc is C(═NOR″)R′″, R′″ is C1-C4-alkyl and preferably selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, and in particular, R′″ is methyl. If Rc is C(═NOR″)R′″, in another embodiment, R′″ is hydrogen.
If Rc is present, one embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein Rc carries 1, 2, 3 or 4 radicals Rd, preferably 1, 2 or 3 radicals Rd, and more preferably 1 or 2 radicals Rd.
In another embodiment, Rc carries one radical Rd. In a further embodiment, R′ carries two radicals Rd. In a further embodiment the group Rc carries three radicals Rd.
A skilled person will readily understand that the preferences given in connection with compounds I apply for formulae I.1 and formulae I.A to I.K and to intermediates of formulae II, IV, IX and IX.a to IX.h as defined above. In addition to the compounds I, the corresponding intermediates II, IV, IX and IX.a to IX.h form part of the subject matter of the invention. With respect to their use as intermediates, particular preference is given to the compounds II, IV, IX and IX.a to IX.h, wherein the definitions for T are selected from T-1 to T-694 as described in Table T.
The compounds I and the compositions according to the invention, respectively, are suitable as fungicides. They are distinguished by an outstanding effectiveness against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, including soil-borne fungi, which derive especially from the classes of the Plasmodiophoromycetes, Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes), Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes (syn. Fungi imperfecti). Some are systemically effective and they can be used in crop protection as foliar fungicides, fungicides for seed dressing and soil fungicides. Moreover, they are suitable for controlling harmful fungi, which inter alia occur in wood or roots of plants.
The compounds I and the compositions according to the invention are particularly important in the control of a multitude of phytopathogenic fungi on various cultivated plants, such as cereals, e.g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beet, e.g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e.g. apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries or gooseberries; leguminous plants, such as lentils, peas, alfalfa or soybeans; oil plants, such as rape, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoa beans, castor oil plants, oil palms, ground nuts or soybeans; cucurbits, such as squashes, cucumber or melons; fiber plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits or mandarins; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or paprika; lauraceous plants, such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor; energy and raw material plants, such as corn, soybean, rape, sugar cane or oil palm; corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines); hop; turf; natural rubber plants or ornamental and forestry plants, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees or evergreens, e.g. conifers; and on the plant propagation material, such as seeds, and the crop material of these plants.
Preferably, compounds I and compositions thereof, respectively are used for controlling a multitude of fungi on field crops, such as potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rape, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes.
The term “plant propagation material” is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (e.g. potatoes), which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil. These young plants may also be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion or pouring.
Preferably, treatment of plant propagation materials with compounds I and compositions thereof, respectively, is used for controlling a multitude of fungi on cereals, such as wheat, rye, barley and oats; rice, corn, cotton and soybeans.
The term “cultivated plants” is to be understood as including plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering including but not limiting to agricultural biotech products on the market or in development (cf. http://www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/agri_products.asp). Genetically modified plants are plants, which genetic material has been so modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutations or natural recombination. Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant. Such genetic modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-transtional modification of protein(s), oligo- or polypeptides e.g. by glycosylation or polymer additions such as prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties.
Plants that have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering, e.g. have been rendered tolerant to applications of specific classes of herbicides, such as hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors; acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, such as sulfonyl ureas (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,100, WO 01/82685, WO 00/26390, WO 97/41218, WO 98/02526, WO 98/02527, WO 04/106529, WO 05/20673, WO 03/14357, WO 03/13225, WO 03/14356, WO 04/16073) or imidazolinones (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,100, WO 01/82685, WO 00/026390, WO 97/41218, WO 98/002526, WO 98/02527, WO 04/106529, WO 05/20673, WO 03/014357, WO 03/13225, WO 03/14356, WO 04/16073); enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitors, such as glyphosate (see e.g. WO 92/00377); glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors, such as glufosinate (see e.g. EP-A 242 236, EP-A 242 246) or oxynil herbicides (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,024) as a result of conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering. Several cultivated plants have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by conventional methods of breeding (mutagenesis), e.g. Clearfield® summer rape (Canola, BASF SE, Germany) being tolerant to imidazolinones, e.g. imazamox. Genetic engineering methods have been used to render cultivated plants such as soybean, cotton, corn, beets and rape, tolerant to herbicides such as glyphosate and glufosinate, some of which are commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady® (glyphosate-tolerant, Monsanto, U.S.A.) and LibertyLink® (glufosinate-tolerant, Bayer CropScience, Germany).
Furthermore, plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more insecticidal proteins, especially those known from the bacterial genus Bacillus, particularly from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as δ-endotoxins, e.g. CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIF, CryIF(a2), CryIIA(b), CryIIIA, CryIIIB(b1) or Cry9c; vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), e.g. VIP1, VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A; insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, e.g. Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp.; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins, or other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea or barley lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin or papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-IDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors or HMG-CoA-reductase; ion channel blockers, such as blockers of sodium or calcium channels; juvenile hormone esterase; diuretic hormone receptors (helicokinin receptors); stilben synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases or glucanases. In the context of the present invention these insecticidal proteins or toxins are to be understood expressly also as pre-toxins, hybrid proteins, truncated or otherwise modified proteins. Hybrid proteins are characterized by a new combination of protein domains, (see, e.g. WO 02/015701). Further examples of such toxins or genetically modified plants capable of synthesizing such toxins are disclosed, e.g., in EP-A 374 753, WO 93/007278, WO 95/34656, EP-A 427 529, EP-A 451 878, WO 03/18810 and WO 03/52073. The methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, e.g. in the publications mentioned above. These insecticidal proteins contained in the genetically modified plants impart to the plants producing these proteins tolerance to harmful pests from all taxonomic groups of athropods, especially to beetles (Coeloptera), two-winged insects (Diptera), and moths (Lepidoptera) and to nematodes (Nematoda). Genetically modified plants capable to synthesize one or more insecticidal proteins are, e.g., described in the publications mentioned above, and some of which are commercially available such as YieldGard® (corn cultivars producing the Cry1Ab toxin), YieldGard® Plus (corn cultivars producing Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1 toxins), Starlink® (corn cultivars producing the Cry9c toxin), Herculex® RW (corn cultivars producing Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1 and the enzyme Phosphinothricin-N-Acetyltransferase [PAT]); NuCOTN® 33B (cotton cultivars producing the Cry1Ac toxin), Bollgard® I (cotton cultivars producing the Cry1Ac toxin), Bollgard® (cotton cultivars producing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 toxins); VIPCOT® (cotton cultivars producing a VIP-toxin); NewLeaf® (potato cultivars producing the Cry3A toxin); BtXtra®, NatureGard®, KnockOut®, BiteGard®, Protecta®, Bt11 (e.g. Agrisure® CB) and Bt176 from Syngenta Seeds SAS, France, (corn cultivars producing the Cry1Ab toxin and PAT enyzme), MIR604 from Syngenta Seeds SAS, France (corn cultivars producing a modified version of the Cry3A toxin, c.f. WO 03/018810), MON 863 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (corn cultivars producing the Cry3Bb1 toxin), IPC 531 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (cotton cultivars producing a modified version of the Cry1Ac toxin) and 1507 from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Belgium (corn cultivars producing the Cry1F toxin and PAT enzyme).
Furthermore, plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the resistance or tolerance of those plants to bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens. Examples of such proteins are the so-called “pathogenesis-related proteins” (PR proteins, see, e.g. EP-A 392 225), plant disease resistance genes (e.g. potato cultivars, which express resistance genes acting against Phytophthora infestans derived from the mexican wild potato Solanum bulbocastanum) or T4-lysozym (e.g. potato cultivars capable of synthesizing these proteins with increased resistance against bacteria such as Erwinia amylvora). The methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, e.g. in the publications mentioned above.
Furthermore, plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the productivity (e.g. bio mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content), tolerance to drought, salinity or other growth-limiting environmental factors or tolerance to pests and fungal, bacterial or viral pathogens of those plants.
Furthermore, plants are also covered that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve human or animal nutrition, e.g. oil crops that produce health-promoting long-chain omega-3 fatty acids or unsaturated omega-9 fatty acids (e.g. Nexera® rape, DOW Agro Sciences, Canada).
Furthermore, plants are also covered that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve raw material production, e.g. potatoes that produce increased amounts of amylopectin (e.g. Amflora® potato, BASF SE, Germany).
The compounds I and compositions thereof, respectively, are particularly suitable for controlling the following plant diseases:
Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamentals, vegetables (e.g. A. candida) and sunflowers (e.g. A. tragopogonis); Alternaria spp. (Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables, rape (A. brassicola or brassicae), sugar beets (A. tenuis), fruits, rice, soybeans, potatoes (e.g. A. solani or A. alternata), tomatoes (e.g. A. solani or A. alternata) and wheat; Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beets and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cereals and vegetables, e.g. A. tritici (anthracnose) on wheat and A. hordei on barley; Bipolaris and Drechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp.), e.g. Southern leaf blight (D. maydis) or Northern leaf blight (B. zeicola) on corn, e.g. spot blotch (B. sorokiniana) on cereals and e.g. B. oryzae on rice and turfs; Blumeria (formerly Erysiphe) graminis (powdery mildew) on cereals (e.g. on wheat or barley); Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana: grey mold) on fruits and berries (e.g. strawberries), vegetables (e.g. lettuce, carrots, celery and cabbages), rape, flowers, vines, forestry plants and wheat; Bremia lactucae (downy mildew) on lettuce; Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (rot or wilt) on broad-leaved trees and evergreens, e.g. C. ulmi (Dutch elm disease) on elms; Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spots) on corn (e.g. Gray leaf spot: C. zeae-maydis), rice, sugar beets (e.g. C. beticola), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e.g. C. sojina or C. kikuchii) and rice; Cladosporium spp. on tomatoes (e.g. C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, e.g. C. herbarum (black ear) on wheat; Claviceps purpurea (ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus (anamorph: Helminthosporium of Bipolaris) spp. (leaf spots) on corn (C. carbonum), cereals (e.g. C. sativus, anamorph: B. sorokiniana) and rice (e.g. C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae); Colletotrichum (teleomorph: Glomerella) spp. (anthracnose) on cotton (e.g. C. gossypii), corn (e.g. C. graminicola: Anthracnose stalk rot), soft fruits, potatoes (e.g. C. coccodes: black dot), beans (e.g. C. lindemuthianum) and soybeans (e.g. C. truncatum or C. gloeosporioides); Corticium spp., e.g. C. sasakii (sheath blight) on rice; Corynespora cassiicola (leaf spots) on soybeans and ornamentals; Cycloconium spp., e.g. C. oleaginum on olive trees; Cylindrocarpon spp. (e.g. fruit tree canker or young vine decline, teleomorph: Nectria or Neonectria spp.) on fruit trees, vines (e.g. C. liriodendri, teleomorph: Neonectria liriodendri: Black Foot Disease) and ornamentals; Dematophora (teleomorph: Rosellinia) necatrix (root and stem rot) on soybeans; Diaporthe spp., e.g. D. phaseolorum (damping off) on soybeans; Drechslera (syn. Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyrenophora) spp. on corn, cereals, such as barley (e.g. D. teres, net blotch) and wheat (e.g. D. tritici-repentis: tan spot), rice and turf; Esca (dieback, apoplexy) on vines, caused by Formitiporia (syn. Phellinus) punctata, F. mediterranea, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (earlier Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum), Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and/or Botryosphaeria obtusa; Elsinoe spp. on pome fruits (E. pyri), soft fruits (E. veneta: anthracnose) and vines (E. ampelina: anthracnose); Entyloma oryzae (leaf smut) on rice; Epicoccum spp. (black mold) on wheat; Erysiphe spp. (powdery mildew) on sugar beets (E. betae), vegetables (e.g. E. pisi), such as cucurbits (e.g. E. cichoracearum), cabbages, rape (e.g. E. cruciferarum); Eutypa lata (Eutypa canker or dieback, anamorph: Cytosporina lata, syn. Libertella blepharis) on fruit trees, vines and ornamental woods; Exserohilum (syn. Helminthosporium) spp. on corn (e.g. E. turcicum); Fusarium (teleomorph: Gibberella) spp. (wilt, root or stem rot) on various plants, such as F. graminearum or F. culmorum (root rot, scab or head blight) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley), F. oxysporum on tomatoes, F. solani on soybeans and F. verticillioides on corn; Gaeumannomyces graminis (take-all) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley) and corn; Gibberella spp. on cereals (e.g. G. zeae) and rice (e.g. G. fujikuroi: Bakanae disease); Glomerella cingulata on vines, pome fruits and other plants and G. gossypii on cotton; Grain-staining complex on rice; Guignardia bidwellii (black rot) on vines; Gymnosporangium spp. on rosaceous plants and junipers, e.g. G. sabinae (rust) on pears; Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) on corn, cereals and rice; Hemileia spp., e.g. H. vastatrix (coffee leaf rust) on coffee; Isariopsis clavispora (syn. Cladosporium vitis) on vines; Macrophomina phaseolina (syn. phaseoli) (root and stem rot) on soybeans and cotton; Microdochium (syn. Fusarium) nivale (pink snow mold) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley); Microsphaera diffusa (powdery mildew) on soybeans; Monilinia spp., e.g. M. laxa, M. fructicola and M. fructigena (bloom and twig blight, brown rot) on stone fruits and other rosaceous plants; Mycosphaerella spp. on cereals, bananas, soft fruits and ground nuts, such as e.g. M. graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici, Septoria blotch) on wheat or M. fijiensis (black Sigatoka disease) on bananas; Peronospora spp. (downy mildew) on cabbage (e.g. P. brassicae), rape (e.g. P. parasitica), onions (e.g. P. destructor), tobacco (P. tabacina) and soybeans (e.g. P. manshurica); Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae (soybean rust) on soybeans; Phialophora spp. e.g. on vines (e.g. P. tracheiphila and P. tetraspora) and soybeans (e.g. P. gregata: stem rot); Phoma lingam (root and stem rot) on rape and cabbage and P. betae (root rot, leaf spot and damping-off) on sugar beets; Phomopsis spp. on sunflowers, vines (e.g. P. viticola: can and leaf spot) and soybeans (e.g. stem rot: P. phaseoli, teleomorph: Diaporthe phaseolorum); Physoderma maydis (brown spots) on corn; Phytophthora spp. (wilt, root, leaf, fruit and stem root) on various plants, such as paprika and cucurbits (e.g. P. capsici), soybeans (e.g. P. megasperma, syn. P. sojae), potatoes and tomatoes (e.g. P. infestans: late blight) and broad-leaved trees (e.g. P. ramorum: sudden oak death); Plasmodiophora brassicae (club root) on cabbage, rape, radish and other plants; Plasmopara spp., e.g. P. viticola (grapevine downy mildew) on vines and P. halstedii on sunflowers; Podosphaera spp. (powdery mildew) on rosaceous plants, hop, pome and soft fruits, e.g. P. leucotricha on apples; Polymyxa spp., e.g. on cereals, such as barley and wheat (P. graminis) and sugar beets (P. betae) and thereby transmitted viral diseases; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (eyespot, teleomorph: Tapesia yallundae) on cereals, e.g. wheat or barley; Pseudoperonospora (downy mildew) on various plants, e.g. P. cubensis on cucurbits or P. humili on hop; Pseudopezicula tracheiphila (red fire disease or ‘rotbrenner’, anamorph: Phialophora) on vines; Puccinia spp. (rusts) on various plants, e.g. P. triticina (brown or leaf rust), P. striiformis (stripe or yellow rust), P. hordei (dwarf rust), P. graminis (stem or black rust) or P. recondita (brown or leaf rust) on cereals, such as e.g. wheat, barley or rye, and asparagus (e.g. P. asparagi); Pyrenophora (anamorph: Drechslera) tritici-repentis (tan spot) on wheat or P. teres (net blotch) on barley; Pyricularia spp., e.g. P. oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea, rice blast) on rice and P. grisea on turf and cereals; Pythium spp. (damping-off) on turf, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, rape, sunflowers, soybeans, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants (e.g. P. ultimum or P. aphanidermatum); Ramularia spp., e.g. R. collo-cygni (Ramularia leaf spots, Physiological leaf spots) on barley and R. beticola on sugar beets; Rhizoctonia spp. on cotton, rice, potatoes, turf, corn, rape, potatoes, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants, e.g. R. solani (root and stem rot) on soybeans, R. solani (sheath blight) on rice or R. cerealis (Rhizoctonia spring blight) on wheat or barley; Rhizopus stolonifer (black mold, soft rot) on strawberries, carrots, cabbage, vines and tomatoes; Rhynchosporium secalis (scald) on barley, rye and triticale; Sarocladium oryzae and S. attenuatum (sheath rot) on rice; Sclerotinia spp. (stem rot or white mold) on vegetables and field crops, such as rape, sunflowers (e.g. S. sclerotiorum) and soybeans (e.g. S. rolfsii or S. sclerotiorum); Septoria spp. on various plants, e.g. S. glycines (brown spot) on soybeans, S. tritici (Septoria blotch) on wheat and S. (syn. Stagonospora) nodorum (Stagonospora blotch) on cereals; Uncinula (syn. Erysiphe) necator (powdery mildew, anamorph: Oidium tuckeri) on vines; Setospaeria spp. (leaf blight) on corn (e.g. S. turcicum, syn. Helminthosporium turcicum) and turf; Sphacelotheca spp. (smut) on corn, (e.g. S. reiliana: head smut), sorghum and sugar cane; Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew) on cucurbits; Spongospora subterranea (powdery scab) on potatoes and thereby transmitted viral diseases; Stagonospora spp. on cereals, e.g. S. nodorum (Stagonospora blotch, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria [syn. Phaeosphaeria]nodorum) on wheat; Synchytrium endobioticum on potatoes (potato wart disease); Taphrina spp., e.g. T. deformans (leaf curl disease) on peaches and T. pruni (plum pocket) on plums; Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pome fruits, vegetables, soybeans and cotton, e.g. T. basicola (syn. Chalara elegans); Tilletia spp. (common bunt or stinking smut) on cereals, such as e.g. T. tritici (syn. T. caries, wheat bunt) and T. controversa (dwarf bunt) on wheat; Typhula incarnata (grey snow mold) on barley or wheat; Urocystis spp., e.g. U. occulta (stem smut) on rye; Uromyces spp. (rust) on vegetables, such as beans (e.g. U. appendiculatus, syn. U. phaseoli) and sugar beets (e.g. U. betae); Ustilago spp. (loose smut) on cereals (e.g. U. nuda and U. avaenae), corn (e.g. U. maydis: corn smut) and sugar cane; Venturia spp. (scab) on apples (e.g. V. inaequalis) and pears; and Verticillium spp. (wilt) on various plants, such as fruits and ornamentals, vines, soft fruits, vegetables and field crops, e.g. V. dahliae on strawberries, rape, potatoes and tomatoes.
The compounds I and compositions thereof, respectively, are also suitable for controlling harmful fungi in the protection of materials (e.g. wood, paper, paint dispersions, fiber or fabrics) and in the protection of stored products. As to the protection of wood and construction materials, the particular attention is paid to the following harmful fungi: Ascomycetes such as Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Sclerophoma spp., Chaetomium spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp.; Basidiomycetes such as Coniophora spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Lentinus spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp. and Tyromycesi spp., Deuteromycetes such as Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichorma spp., Alternaria spp., Paecilomyces spp. and Zygomycetes such as Mucor spp., and in addition in the protection of stored products the following yeast fungi are worthy of note: Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisae.
The compounds I and compositions thereof, resepectively, may be used for improving the health of a plant. The invention also relates to a method for improving plant health by treating a plant, its propagation material and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is to grow with an effective amount of compounds I and compositions thereof, respectively.
The term “plant health” is to be understood to denote a condition of the plant and/or its products which is determined by several indicators alone or in combination with each other such as yield (e.g. increased biomass and/or increased content of valuable ingredients), plant vigor (e.g. improved plant growth and/or greener leaves (“greening effect”)), quality (e.g. improved content or composition of certain ingredients) and tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress. The above identified indicators for the health condition of a plant may be interdependent or may result from each other.
The compounds of formula I can be present in different crystal modifications whose biological activity may differ. They are likewise subject matter of the present invention.
The compounds I are employed as such or in form of compositions by treating the fungi or the plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds, soil, surfaces, materials or rooms to be protected from fungal attack with a fungicidally effective amount of the active substances. The application can be carried out both before and after the infection of the plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds, soil, surfaces, materials or rooms by the fungi.
Plant propagation materials may be treated with compounds I as such or a composition comprising at least one compound I prophylactically either at or before planting or transplanting.
The invention also relates to agrochemical compositions comprising a solvent or solid carrier and at least one compound I and to the use for controlling harmful fungi.
An agrochemical composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount of a compound I. The term “effective amount” denotes an amount of the composition or of the compounds I, which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi on cultivated plants or in the protection of materials and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant or material, the climatic conditions and the specific compound I used.
The compounds I, their N-oxides and salts can be converted into customary types of agrochemical compositions, e.g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes and granules. The composition type depends on the particular intended purpose; in each case, it should ensure a fine and uniform distribution of the compound according to the invention.
Examples for composition types are suspensions (SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW, EO, ES), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (WP, SP, SS, WS, DP, DS) or granules (GR, FG, GG, MG), which can be water-soluble or wettable, as well as gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds (GF).
Usually the composition types (e.g. SC, OD, FS, EC, WG, SG, WP, SP, SS, WS, GF) are employed diluted. Composition types such as DP, DS, GR, FG, GG and MG are usually used undiluted.
The compositions are prepared in a known manner (cf. U.S. Pat. No. 3,060,084, EP-A 707 445 (for liquid concentrates), Browning: “Agglomeration”, Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, S. 8-57 and ff. WO 91/13546, U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,714, U.S. Pat. No. 4,144,050, U.S. Pat. No. 3,920,442, U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,587, U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,701, U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,030, GB 2,095,558, U.S. Pat. No. 3,299,566, Klingman: Weed Control as a Science (J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1961), Hance et al.: Weed Control Handbook (8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, 1989) and Mollet, H. and Grubemann, A.: Formulation technology (Wiley VCH Verlag, Weinheim, 2001).
The agrochemical compositions may also comprise auxiliaries which are customary in agrochemical compositions. The auxiliaries used depend on the particular application form and active substance, respectively.
Examples for suitable auxiliaries are solvents, solid carriers, dispersants or emulsifiers (such as further solubilizers, protective colloids, surfactants and adhesion agents), organic and anorganic thickeners, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, if appropriate colorants and tackifiers or binders (e.g. for seed treatment formulations).
Suitable solvents are water, organic solvents such as mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and cyclohexanol, glycols, ketones such as cyclohexanone and gamma-butyrolactone, fatty acid dimethylamides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters and strongly polar solvents, e.g. amines such as N-methylpyrrolidone.
Solid carriers are mineral earths such as silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers, such as, e.g., ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders and other solid carriers.
Suitable surfactants (adjuvants, wtters, tackifiers, dispersants or emulsifiers) are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, such as ligninsoulfonic acid (Borresperse® types, Borregard, Norway) phenolsulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid (Morwet® types, Akzo Nobel, U.S.A.), dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid (Nekal® types, BASF, Germany), and fatty acids, alkylsulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, laurylether sulfates, fatty alcohol sulfates, and sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanolates, sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, furthermore condensates of naphthalene or of naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxy-ethylene octylphenyl ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, alkylphenyl polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, tristearylphenyl polyglycol ether, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, alcohol and fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal, sorbitol esters, lignin-sulfite waste liquors and proteins, denatured proteins, polysaccharides (e.g. methylcellulose), hydrophobically modified starches, polyvinyl alcohols (Mowiol® types, Clariant, Switzerland), polycarboxylates (Sokolan® types, BASF, Germany), polyalkoxylates, polyvinylamines (Lupasol® types, BASF, Germany), polyvinylpyrrolidone and the copolymers thereof.
Examples for thickeners (i.e. compounds that impart a modified flowability to compositions, i.e. high viscosity under static conditions and low viscosity during agitation) are polysaccharides and organic and anorganic clays such as Xanthan gum (Kelzan®, CP Kelco, U.S.A.), Rhodopol® 23 (Rhodia, France), Veegum® (R.T. Vanderbilt, U.S.A.) or Attaclay® (Engelhard Corp., NJ, USA).
Bactericides may be added for preservation and stabilization of the composition. Examples for suitable bactericides are those based on dichlorophene and benzylalcohol hemi formal (Proxel® from ICI or Acticide® RS from Thor Chemie and Kathon®MK from Rohm & Haas) and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones (Acticide® MBS from Thor Chemie).
Examples for suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.
Examples for anti-foaming agents are silicone emulsions (such as e.g. Silikon®SRE, Wacker, Germany or Rhodorsil®, Rhodia, France), long chain alcohols, fatty acids, salts of fatty acids, fluoroorganic compounds and mixtures thereof.
Suitable colorants are pigments of low water solubility and water-soluble dyes. Examples to be mentioned and the designations rhodamin B, C. I. pigment red 112, C. I. solvent red 1, pigment blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15:1, pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1, pigment yellow 13, pigment red 112, pigment red 48:2, pigment red 48:1, pigment red 57:1, pigment red 53:1, pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51, acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108.
Examples for tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidons, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols and cellulose ethers (Tylose®, Shin-Etsu, Japan).
Powders, materials for spreading and dusts can be prepared by mixing or concomitantly grinding the compounds I and, if appropriate, further active substances, with at least one solid carrier.
Granules, e.g. coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active substances to solid carriers. Examples of solid carriers are mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers, such as, e.g., ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders and other solid carriers.
1. Composition Types for Dilution with Water
i) Water-Soluble Concentrates (SL, LS)
10 parts by weight of a compound I according to the invention are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of water or in a water-soluble solvent. As an alternative, wetting agents or other auxiliaries are added. The active substance dissolves upon dilution with water. In this way, a composition having a content of 10% by weight of active substance is obtained.
ii) Dispersible Concentrates (DC)
20 parts by weight of a compound I according to the invention are dissolved in 70 parts by weight of cyclohexanone with addition of 10 parts by weight of a dispersant, e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone. Dilution with water gives a dispersion. The active substance content is 20% by weight.
iii) Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC)
15 parts by weight of a compound I according to the invention are dissolved in 75 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The composition has an active substance content of 15% by weight.
iv) Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)
25 parts by weight of a compound I according to the invention are dissolved in 35 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). This mixture is introduced into 30 parts by weight of water by means of an emulsifying machine (Ultraturrax) and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The composition has an active substance content of 25% by weight.
v) Suspensions (SC, OD, FS)
In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of a compound I according to the invention are comminuted with addition of 10 parts by weight of dispersants and wetting agents and 70 parts by weight of water or an organic solvent to give a fine active substance suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance. The active substance content in the composition is 20% by weight.
vi) Water-Dispersible Granules and Water-Soluble Granules (WG, SG)
50 parts by weight of a compound I according to the invention are ground finely with addition of 50 parts by weight of dispersants and wetting agents and prepared as water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (e.g. extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance. The composition has an active substance content of 50% by weight.
vii) Water-Dispersible Powders and Water-Soluble Powders (WP, SP, SS, WS)
75 parts by weight of a compound I according to the invention are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of 25 parts by weight of dispersants, wetting agents and silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance. The active substance content of the composition is 75% by weight.
viii) Gel (GF)
In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of a compound I according to the invention are comminuted with addition of 10 parts by weight of dispersants, 1 part by weight of a gelling agent wetters and 70 parts by weight of water or of an organic solvent to give a fine suspension of the active substance. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance, whereby a composition with 20% (w/w) of active substance is obtained.
ix) Dustable Powders (DP, DS)
5 parts by weight of a compound I according to the invention are ground finely and mixed intimately with 95 parts by weight of finely divided kaolin. This gives a dustable composition having an active substance content of 5% by weight.
x) Granules (GR, FG, GG, MG)
0.5 parts by weight of a compound I according to the invention is ground finely and associated with 99.5 parts by weight of carriers. Current methods are extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed. This gives granules to be applied undiluted having an active substance content of 0.5% by weight.
xi) ULV Solutions (UL)
10 parts by weight of a compound I according to the invention are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of an organic solvent, e.g. xylene. This gives a composition to be applied undiluted having an active substance content of 10% by weight.
The agrochemical compositions generally comprise between 0.01 and 95%, preferably between 0.1 and 90%, most preferably between 0.5 and 90%, by weight of active substance. The active substances are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably from 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum).
Water-soluble concentrates (LS), flowable concentrates (FS), powders for dry treatment (DS), water-dispersible powders for slurry treatment (WS), water-soluble powders (SS), emulsions (ES) emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF) are usually employed for the purposes of treatment of plant propagation materials, particularly seeds. These compositions can be applied to plant propagation materials, particularly seeds, diluted or undiluted. The compositions in question give, after two-to-tenfold dilution, active substance concentrations of from 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40% by weight, in the ready-to-use preparations. Application can be carried out before or during sowing. Methods for applying or treating agrochemical compounds and compositions thereof, respectively, on to plant propagation material, especially seeds, are known in the art, and include dressing, coating, pelleting, dusting, soaking and in-furrow application methods of the propagation material. In a preferred embodiment, the compounds or the compositions thereof, respectively, are applied on to the plant propagation material by a method such that germination is not induced, e.g. by seed dressing, pelleting, coating and dusting.
In a preferred embodiment, a suspension-type (FS) composition is used for seed treatment. Typically, a FS composition may comprise 1-800 g/l of active substance, 1-200 g/l Surfactant, 0 to 200 g/l antifreezing agent, 0 to 400 g/l of binder, 0 to 200 g/l of a pigment and up to 1 liter of a solvent, preferably water.
The active substances can be used as such or in the form of their compositions, e.g. in the form of directly sprayable solutions, powders, suspensions, dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dustable products, materials for spreading, or granules, by means of spraying, atomizing, dusting, spreading, brushing, immersing or pouring. The application forms depend entirely on the intended purposes; it is intended to ensure in each case the finest possible distribution of the active substances according to the invention.
Aqueous application forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes or wettable powders (sprayable powders, oil dispersions) by adding water. To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the substances, as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier. Alternatively, it is possible to prepare concentrates composed of active substance, wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if appropriate, solvent or oil, and such concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.
The active substance concentrations in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within relatively wide ranges. In general, they are from 0.0001 to 10%, preferably from 0.001 to 1% by weight of active substance.
The active substances may also be used successfully in the ultra-low-volume process (ULV), it being possible to apply compositions comprising over 95% by weight of active substance, or even to apply the active substance without additives.
When employed in plant protection, the amounts of active substances applied are, depending on the kind of effect desired, from 0.001 to 2 kg per ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg per ha, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.9 kg per ha, in particular from 0.1 to 0.75 kg per ha.
In treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds, e.g. by dusting, coating or drenching seed, amounts of active substance of from 0.1 to 1000 g, preferably from 1 to 1000 g, more preferably from 1 to 100 g and most preferably from 5 to 100 g, per 100 kilogram of plant propagation material (preferably seed) are generally required.
When used in the protection of materials or stored products, the amount of active substance applied depends on the kind of application area and on the desired effect. Amounts customarily applied in the protection of materials are, e.g., 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably 0.005 g to 1 kg, of active substance per cubic meter of treated material.
Various types of oils, welters, adjuvants, herbicides, bactericides, other fungicides and/or pesticides may be added to the active substances or the compositions comprising them, if appropriate not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These agents can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, preferably 1:10 to 10:1.
Adjuvants which can be used are in particular organic modified polysiloxanes such as Break Thru S 240®; alcohol alkoxylates such as Atplus 245®, Atplus MBA 1303®, Plurafac LF 300® and Lutensol ON 30®; EO/PO block polymers, e.g. Pluronic RPE 2035° and Genapol B®; alcohol ethoxylates such as Lutensol XP 80®; and dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium such as Leophen RA®.
The compositions according to the invention can, in the use form as fungicides, also be present together with other active substances, e.g. with herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators, fungicides or else with fertilizers, as pre-mix or, if appropriate, not until immediately prior to use (tank mix).
Mixing the compounds I or the compositions comprising them in the use form as fungicides with other fungicides results in many cases in an expansion of the fungicidal spectrum of activity being obtained or in a prevention of fungicide resistance development. Furthermore, in many cases, synergistic effects are obtained.
The following list of active substances, in conjunction with which the compounds according to the invention can be used, is intended to illustrate the possible combinations but does not limit them:
abscisic acid, amidochlor, ancymidol, 6-benzylaminopurine, brassinolide, butralin, chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), choline chloride, cyclanilide, daminozide, dikegulac, dimethipin, 2,6-dimethylpuridine, ethephon, flumetralin, flurprimidol, fluthiacet, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, inabenfide, indole-3-acetic acid, maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), naphthaleneacetic acid, N-6-benzyladenine, paclobutrazol, prohexadione (prohexadione-calcium), prohydrojasmon, thidiazuron, triapenthenol, tributyl phosphorotrithioate, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid, trinexapac-ethyl and uniconazole;
H) herbicides
The present invention furthermore relates to agrochemical compositions comprising a mixture of at least one compound I (component 1) and at least one further active substance useful for plant protection, e.g. selected from the groups A) to I) (component 2), in particular one further fungicide, e.g. one or more fungicide from the groups A) to F), as described above, and if desired one suitable solvent or solid carrier. Those mixtures are of particular interest, since many of them at the same application rate show higher efficiencies against harmful fungi. Furthermore, combating harmful fungi with a mixture of compounds I and at least one fungicide from groups A) to F), as described above, is more efficient than combating those fungi with individual compounds I or individual fungicides from groups A) to F). By applying compounds I together with at least one active substance from groups A) to I) a synergistic effect can be obtained, i.e. more then simple addition of the individual effects is obtained (synergistic mixtures).
According to this invention, applying the compounds I together with at least one further active substance is to be understood to denote, that at least one compound of formula I and at least one further active substance occur simultaneously at the site of action (i.e. the harmful fungi to be controlled or their habitats such as infected plants, plant propagation materials, particularly seeds, surfaces, materials or the soil as well as plants, plant propagation materials, particularly seeds, soil, surfaces, materials or rooms to be protected from fungal attack) in a fungicidally effective amount. This can be obtained by applying the compounds I and at least one further active substance simultaneously, either jointly (e.g. as tank-mix) or separately, or in succession, wherein the time interval between the individual applications is selected to ensure that the active substance applied first still occurs at the site of action in a sufficient amount at the time of application of the further active substance(s). The order of application is not essential for working of the present invention.
In binary mixtures, i.e. compositions according to the invention comprising one compound I (component 1) and one further active substance (component 2), e.g. one active substance from groups A) to I), the weight ratio of component 1 and component 2 generally depends from the properties of the active substances used, usually it is in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, regularly in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably in the range of from 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1 and in particular in the range of from 1:3 to 3:1.
In ternary mixtures, i.e. compositions according to the invention comprising one compound I (component 1) and a first further active substance (component 2) and a second further active substance (component 3), e.g. two active substances from groups A) to I), the weight ratio of component 1 and component 2 depends from the properties of the active substances used, preferably it is in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1 and particularly in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1, and the weight ratio of component 1 and component 3 preferably is in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1 and particularly in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1.
The components can be used individually or already partially or completely mixed with one another to prepare the composition according to the invention. It is also possible for them to be packaged and used further as combination composition such as a kit of parts.
In one embodiment of the invention, the kits may include one or more, including all, components that may be used to prepare a subject agrochemical composition. E.g., kits may include one or more fungicide component(s) and/or an adjuvant component and/or a insecticide component and/or a growth regulator component and/or a herbicide. One or more of the components may already be combined together or preformulated. In those embodiments where more than two components are provided in a kit, the components may already be combined together and as such are packaged in a single container such as a vial, bottle, can, pouch, bag or canister. In other embodiments, two or more components of a kit may be packaged separately, i.e., not preformulated. As such, kits may include one or more separate containers such as vials, cans, bottles, pouches, bags or canisters, each container containing a separate component for an agrochemical composition. In both forms, a component of the kit may be applied separately from or together with the further components or as a component of a combination composition according to the invention for preparing the composition according to the invention.
The user applies the composition according to the invention usually from a predosage device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank or a spray plane. Here, the agrochemical composition is made up with water and/or buffer to the desired application concentration, it being possible, if appropriate, to add further auxiliaries, and the ready-to-use spray liquor or the agrochemical composition according to the invention is thus obtained. Usually, 50 to 500 liters of the ready-to-use spray liquor are applied per hectare of agricultural useful area, preferably 100 to 400 liters.
According to one embodiment, individual components of the composition according to the invention such as parts of a kit or parts of a binary or ternary mixture may be mixed by the user himself in a spray tank and further auxiliaries may be added, if appropriate (tank mix).
In a further embodiment, either individual components of the composition according to the invention or partially premixed components, e.g. components comprising compounds I and/or active substances from the groups A) to I), may be mixed by the user in a spray tank and further auxiliaries and additives may be added, if appropriate (tank mix).
In a further embodiment, either individual components of the composition according to the invention or partially premixed components, e.g. components comprising compounds I and/or active substances from the groups A) to I), can be applied jointly (e.g. after tankmix) or consecutively.
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising a compound I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from the strobilurines of group A) (component 2) and particularly selected from azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoximmethyl, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin.
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising a compound I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from the carboxamides of group B) (component 2) and particularly selected from bixafen, boscalid, sedaxane, fenhexamid, metalaxyl, isopyrazam, mefenoxam, ofurace, dimethomorph, flumorph, fluopicolid (picobenzamid), zoxamide, carpropamid, mandipropamid and N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide.
Preference is given to mixtures comprising a compound of formula I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from the azoles of group C) (component 2) and particularly selected from cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz, cyazofamid, benomyl, carbendazim and ethaboxam.
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising a compound I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from the heterocyclic compounds of group D) (component 2) and particularly selected from fluazinam, cyprodinil, fenarimol, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, triforine, fludioxonil, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, iprodione, vinclozolin, famoxadone, fenamidone, probenazole, proquinazid, acibenzolar-5-methyl, captafol, folpet, fenoxanil, quinoxyfen and 5-ethyl-6-octyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine.
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising a compound I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from the carbamates of group E) (component 2) and particularly selected from mancozeb, metiram, propineb, thiram, iprovalicarb, benthiavalicarb and propamocarb.
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising a compound I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from the fungicides given in group F) (component 2) and particularly selected from dithianon, fentin salts, such as fentin acetate, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminium, H3PO3 and salts thereof, chlorthalonil, dichlofluanid, thiophanatmethyl, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, sulfur, cymoxanil, metrafenone and spiroxamine.
Accordingly, the present invention furthermore relates to compositions comprising one compound I (component 1) and one further active substance (component 2), which further active substance is selected from the column “Component 2” of the lines B-1 to B-346 of Table B.
A further embodiment relates to the compositions B-1 to B-346 listed in Table B, where a row of Table B corresponds in each case to a fungicidal composition comprising one of the in the present specification individualized compounds of formula I (component 1) and the respective further active substance from groups A) to I) (component 2) stated in the row in question. Preferably, the compositions described comprise the active substances in synergistically effective amounts.
The active substances referred to as component 2, their preparation and their activity against harmful fungi is known (cf.: http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/); these substances are commercially available. The compounds described by IUPAC nomenclature, their preparation and their fungicidal activity are also known (cf. Can. J. Plant Sci. 48(6), 587-94, 1968; EP-A 141 317; EP-A 152 031; EP-A 226 917; EP-A 243 970; EP-A 256 503; EP-A 428 941; EP-A 532 022; EP-A 1 028 125; EP-A 1 035 122; EP-A 1 201 648; EP-A 1 122 244, JP 2002316902; DE 19650197; DE 10021412; DE 102005009458; U.S. Pat. No. 3,296,272; U.S. Pat. No. 3,325,503; WO 98/46608; WO 99/14187; WO 99/24413; WO 99/27783; WO 00/29404; WO 00/46148; WO 00/65913; WO 01/54501; WO 01/56358; WO 02/22583; WO 02/40431; WO 03/10149; WO 03/11853; WO 03/14103; WO 03/16286; WO 03/53145; WO 03/61388; WO 03/66609; WO 03/74491; WO 04/49804; WO 04/83193; WO 05/120234; WO 05/123689; WO 05/123690; WO 05/63721; WO 05/87772; WO 05/87773; WO 06/15866; WO 06/87325; WO 06/87343; WO 07/82098; WO 07/90624).
The mixtures of active substances can be prepared as compositions comprising besides the active ingredients at least one inert ingredient by usual means, e.g. by the means given for the compositions of compounds I.
Concerning usual ingredients of such compositions reference is made to the explanations given for the compositions containing compounds I.
The mixtures of active substances according to the present invention are suitable as fungicides, as are the compounds of formula I. They are distinguished by an outstanding effectiveness against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, especially from the classes of the Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes). In addition, it is referred to the explanations regarding the fungicidal activity of the compounds and the compositions containing compounds I, respectively.
With due modification of the starting compounds, the procedures shown in the synthesis examples below were used to obtain further compounds I. The resulting compounds, together with physical data, are listed in Table I below.
Acetone (340 ml) and dry THF (140 ml) was added to 2-Chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-[1,3,5]triazine (25.0 g) and the reaction mixture was cooled to about 0° C. While stirring trimethylamine (16.8 g) was added over a period of 4 h maintaining the temperature in the range of 0 to 5° C. While stirring was continued for an additional hour a white precipitate formed. The solid precipitate was filtered off under an inert atmosphere and the resulting title compound may be stored in benzene at about 4° C.
4,6-Dimethoxy-[1,3,5]triazine-2-trimethyl-ammonium chloride (9.39 g, prepared under a)) was slowly added to KCN (5.21 g) in acetonitrile (100 ml) at about 0 to 5° C. After continued stirring for additional 2 hours at about 0 to 5° C., the mixture was allowed to warm up to about 20-25° C. and stirring was continued for 12 to 16 h. After removing the solvent in vacuo, DCM (100 ml) and water (50 ml) was added. After separation of the layers, the organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried and the solvent was removed in vacuo to afford the title compound (39.87 g) as a white solid. 1H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=2.5 (2H, CH2), 4.10 (6H, OCH3).
A mixture of 4,6-dimethoxy-[1,3,5]triazine-2-carbonitrile (1.00 g, prepared under b)) and triethylamine (8.38 ml) in MeOH (60.0 ml) was hydrogenated in the presence of 10% Pd/C (250 mg) under atmospheric pressure for about 3 h. The mixture was filtered over Celite and the solvent was removed in vacuo to yield the title compound (870 mg) as a colourless oil. 1H NMR (d6-DMSO, 500 MHz) δ=2.5 (2H, CH2), 3.90 (6H, OCH3).
4,6-Dimethoxy-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-methylamine (200 mg, prepared as Example 1) was added under an inert atmosphere to a mixture of 4-(2,4-difluoro-phenoxy)-benzene sulfonyl chloride (193.38 mg) and diisopropylethylamine (0.25 ml) in DCM (10 ml) kept at about 0° C. While stirring for about 12 to 16 h, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to 20-25° C. The organic phase was washed successively with saturated NH4Cl, saturated NaHCO3 and brine and dried. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the crude product was purified by chromatography (silica, 10% ethyl acetate/cyclohexane to 100% ethyl acetate) to yield the 179 mg of the title compound as a colourless oil. HPLC/MS [retention time [min] (mass)]: 3.333 min (439).
To a solution of 4,6-dimethoxy-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-methylamine (500 mg, prepared as Example 1) in DCM (5 mL) was slowly added Hünig's base (1.9 g), followed by the addition of 4-phenoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (711 mg) in DCM (1 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at about 20° C. overnight. The organic phase was successively washed with saturated NaHCO3, saturated NH4Cl and brine. It was finally dried over magnesium sulfate and chromatographed over silica gel to yield the title compound (583 mg).
The compounds of formula I.1 listed in table I have been prepared in an analogous manner.
HPLC column: RP-18 column (Chromolith Speed ROD from Merck KgaA, Germany), 50 mm×4.6 mm; Eluent: acetonitrile+0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)/water+0.1% TFA (gradient from 5:95 to 95:5 in 5 min at 40° C., flow of 1.8 ml/min). MS: Quadrupol Elektrospray Ionisation, 80 V (positive mode).
The spray solutions were prepared in several steps:
The stock solution were prepared: a mixture of acetone and/or dimethylsulfoxide and the wetting agent/emulsifier Wettol, which is based on ethoxylated alkylphenoles, in a relation (volume) solvent-emulsifier of 99 to 1 was added to 25 mg of the compound to give a total of 10 ml. Water was then added to total volume of 100 ml.
This stock solution was diluted with the described solvent-emulsifier-water mixture to the given concentration.
Use Example 1: Control of Late Blight on Tomatoes Caused by Phytophthora infestans
Young seedlings of tomato plants were grown in pots. These plants were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension, containing the concentration of active ingredient or their mixture mentioned in the table below. The next day, the treated plants were inoculated with an aqueous suspension of sporangia of Phytophthora infestans. After inoculation, the trial plants were immediately transferred to a humid chamber. After 6 days at 18 to 20° C. and a relative humidity close to 100% the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
In this test, the plants which had been treated with 250 ppm of the active compound from examples I-26 and I-57, respectively, showed an infection of less than or equal to 15% whereas the untreated plants were 90% infected.
Use Example 2: Preventative Control of Grey Mold (Botrytis cinerea) on Leaves of Green Pepper
Young seedlings of green pepper were grown in pots to the 2 to 3 leaf stage. These plants were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension, containing the concentration of active ingredient or their mixture mentioned in the table below. The next day the treated plants were inoculated with a spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea in a 2% aqueous biomalt solution. Then the trial plants were immediately transferred to a dark, humid chamber. After 5 days at 22 to 24° C. and a relative humidity close to 100% the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
In this test, the plants which had been treated with 250 ppm of the active compound from examples I-56, I-57 and I-60, respectively, showed an infection of less than or equal to 15% whereas the untreated plants were 90% infected.
Use Example 3: Preventative Control of Leaf Blotch on Wheat Caused by Septoria tritici
Leaves of pot-grown wheat seedling were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension of the active compound or their mixture, prepared as described. The plants were allowed to air-dry. Two days later the plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Septoria tritici. Then the trial plants were immediately transferred to a humid chamber at 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 100%. After 3 days the plants were transferred to a chamber with 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 70%. After 4 weeks the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
In this test, the plants which had been treated with 250 ppm of the active compound from examples I-42, I-44 and I-46, respectively, showed an infection of less than or equal to 15% whereas the untreated plants were 90% infected.
4: Protective Control of Soy Bean Rust on Soy Beans Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi
Leaves of pot-grown soy bean seedlings were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension, containing the concentration of active ingredient or their mixture as described below. The plants were allowed to air-dry. The next day the plants were inoculated with spores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi. To ensure the success the artificial inoculation, the plants were transferred to a humid chamber with a relative humidity of about 95% and 23 to 27° C. for 24 h. The trial plants were cultivated for fourteen days in a greenhouse chamber at 23-27° C. and a relative humidity between 60 and 80%. The extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
In this test, the plants which had been treated with 250 ppm of the active compound from examples I-34, I-39, I-41, I-44, I-45, I-46, I-47, I-48, I-49, I-50, I-51, I-52, I-53, I-54 and I-57, respectively, showed an infection of less than or equal to 15% whereas the untreated plants were 90% infected.
Leaves of pot-grown soy bean seedlings were inoculated with spores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi. To ensure the success of the artificial inoculation, the plants were transferred to a humid chamber with a relative humidity of about 95% and 23 to 27° C. for 24 h. The next day the plants were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension, containing the concentration of active ingredient or their mixture as described below. The plants were allowed to air-dry. Then the trial plants were cultivated for 14 days in a greenhouse chamber at 23-27° C. and a relative humidity between 60 and 80%. The extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
In this test, the plants which had been treated with 250 ppm of the active compound from examples I-64, I-67 and I-69, respectively, showed an infection of less than or equal to 15% whereas the untreated plants were 90% infected.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 08152810.1 | Mar 2008 | EP | regional |
| 08156385.0 | May 2008 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP09/52879 | 3/11/2009 | WO | 00 | 9/10/2010 |
