The field of the invention is tubular cutters for subterranean use and more particularly cutters with a feature associated with them to limit depth of cut.
In some instances the tubular string downhole has to be cut such as when a tool is stuck and needs to be fished out. Other tools, like packers, have thin portions that are designed to be cut as the manner for release. When the mandrel is cut and compromised, the set force that holds the slips engaged to the tubular wall is released to allow the slips to retract so that the packer can be removed. Regardless of what type of tubular structure is being cut there is a reason to be concerned about the depth of cut since there are often structures in close proximity to the tubular being cut that could be damaged if the cutting went out radially too far.
Cutting devices such as underreamers are frequently used to cut downhole tubulars. They feature a plurality of arms that are radially extendable with cutting structure on the arms. A hydraulic motor turns the arms to cut the tubular. Surface personnel look at the pressure to the motor and look for a rapid change marking the removal of load as the tubular in question is cut all the way through. However, in many cases, the underreamer when getting through the tubular that it was cutting continues to turn and go to its outward maximum dimension. While surface personnel may detect a pressure change in the hydraulic drive system there can still be further damage done downhole before they can respond to such a change and shut the surface pumps off to retract the blades of the underreamer. The present invention addresses a way to avoid damage to surrounding structures that can be damaged by too deep a cut by an underreamer or some other rotary cutting tool. In essence, the cutter is prevented from further cutting once it extends to a predetermined dimension. In the preferred embodiment, a loose fitting sleeve is placed behind the tubular wall to be cut. Once the wall is through the spinning blades engage the rotating sleeve as cutting action stops. Instead the underreamer or cutter simply spins the sleeve and exhibits a low or no load hydraulic condition on the drive motor giving surface personnel a clue that the tubular has been cut through and that the tool can be retracted and removed without damage to structures beyond the rotating sleeve.
Underreamers with a device to absorb the initial impact of contact with the tubular to be cut and to control the cutting rate and amount of cutter contact by being rubbed down or off are illustrated as item 37 in U.S. Pat. No. 7,036,611. Also relevant to this art are U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,308,937 and 6,702,031.
Those skilled in the art will have a better understanding of the invention from the detailed description and associated drawings that appear below with the understanding that the full scope of the invention is given by the literal and equivalent scope of the appended claims.
A tubular cutter that cuts with extendable and rotating blades has its depth of cut limited upon getting through the tubular to be cut. In a preferred embodiment, the tubular has a loosely mounted member exterior thereto to be engaged by the rotating cutters. When such engagement happens the effect is that the loosely mounted member serves as a cover to the cutters to prevent them from cutting other structures beyond the tubular to be cut. The loosely mounted member is grabbed by the rotating blades for tandem rotation this preventing further cutting action. The load on the mill drops noticeably so that surface personnel have a signal to stop hydraulic pressure to the drive mechanism to allow the blades to retract and the cutter to be removed. While a physical gap gives some time to surface personnel to react before damage is done, the loosely mounted member not only gives more reaction time but further insures that the the structures beyond the tubular will not be cut.
Referring to
In the embodiment in the FIGURE the cutting continues with blades 18 moving further out radially until the groove 12 is reached or the wall of tubing 10 is breached. After that the blades get a bite on sleeve 14 and sleeve 14 and the blades 18 start rotating in tandem. Further cutting cannot take place since in essence the sleeve 14 is a blunt cover on the sharp cutters 26 on the blades 18. Since the cutting action stops when the sleeve 14 is spun, other structures such as control line 30 are protected from the cutting blades 18. Surface personnel will detect a load drop-off when cutting action stops and turn off the fluid power which will retract blades 18 and stop them from further spinning. Any structures outside the sleeve 14 will not be severed by the cutter or underreamer 20.
The sleeve 14 can be seamless or it can have a seam or it can be a scroll with overlapping ends. It needs to be rigid enough to start spinning rather than buckling at the contact location for the blades 18 after they get through the tubular 10. The sleeve is preferably solid but can have openings of various sizes, shown in
One example can be Teflon®.
As another option but less effective is to use the exterior groove 12 without a sleeve 14 and hope that surface personnel notice the fall in pressure fast enough before the blades 18 extend further out and rip up external structures such as control line 30. To improve on this bare bones approach a controller C shown schematically can sense operating hydraulic pressure for example and when it drops off quickly due to getting through the tubular 10 it can trigger surface pumps (not shown) to immediately shut off so that the blades 18 immediately retract (due to a spring return or equivalent, not shown) and stop turning or rapidly slow down while retracting.
In another variation, the cutting does not have to be mechanical with cutters or blades. The cutting can be by hydraulic jet under high pressure and the sleeve 14 can be thick enough or hard enough to resist getting cut through long enough to be able to sense the condition and have the pumps shut off by surface personnel or automatically. The fluid jets may need to be turned from a radial orientation so that on engagement with the sleeve 14 they impart a spin to it rather than trying to continue cutting through it radially. Another variation is to use lasers or other energy forms that can cut through the tubular 10 rapidly but that will not go through a sleeve 14 as rapidly or at all such as by adding a reflective or mirror coating internally of the sleeve 14. The sleeve can also have a coating or other material on its inside surface to prevent it from getting cut though.
The above description is illustrative of the preferred embodiment and many modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention whose scope is to be determined from the literal and equivalent scope of the claims below.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20100288491 A1 | Nov 2010 | US |