Patent Application
20080206311
The present invention relates to a sucrose activity inhibitor and a glucoamylase activity inhibitor comprising one or more saccharides selected from the group consisting of isomaltulose (or Palatinose™), trehalulose and isomalt (or Palatinit™). The present invention relates also to a food or feed comprising the sucrose activity inhibitor and optionally sucrose. Further, the present invention relates to a food or feed comprising the glucoamylase activity inhibitor and optionally starch and/or dextrin.
Recently, a variety of saccharide-decomposition enzyme inhibitors have attracted attention for prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. In particular, the effects of sucrose- and maltase-activity inhibitors have been studied for the purposes of (1) suppressing intestinal absorption of saccharides to thereby prevent elevation of blood sugar level and prevent accumulation of fat, (2) slowing digestion of saccharides down to carry saccharides into large intestine so as to lower caloric intake, and (3) having saccharides ingested by beneficial enterobacteria to thereby control intestinal disorders.
Mammals primarily take starch as saccharinity or saccharides. Once mammals take starch, the starch is decomposed by salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase at random. Here, almost no glucose is formed, and di- to octo-saccharides such as maltose, maltotriose and α-limit dextrin are main products. These disaccharides and oligosaccharides derived from food or saccharides mentioned above are decomposed into monosaccharides by saccharide-decomposition enzymes that are localized in small intestine, such as isomaltase, lactase, maltase, sucrose, trehalase and glucoamylase, and absorbed.
Conventionally, maltase that decomposes maltose and sucrose that decomposes sucrose which is a typical sugar sweetener were typical saccharide-decomposition enzymes. Now, it is known that enzymes having a maltase activity are mostly sucrose-isomaltase complexes and these complexes demonstrate 80% of the maltase activity (see the following Non-Patent Publication 1). The sucrose-isomaltase complexes also demonstrate all of the sucrose activity and almost all (approximately 99%) of the isomaltase activity besides the maltase activity. Meanwhile, maltase-glucoamylase complexes demonstrate the remaining 20% of the maltase activity and, further, all of the intestinal neutral glucoamylase activity and 1% of the isomaltase activity.
The maltase activity refers to an activity of decomposing disaccharide maltose to produce two glucose molecules. The glucoamylase activity refers to an activity of decomposing, at terminals, a partially decomposed product of starch (i.e., amylose and amylopectin), in which glucoses are bonded primarily by α-1,4 bond and partially by α-1,6 bond, to produce each one molecule of glucose. It is reported that the sucrose-isomaltase complex demonstrates the maltase activity utilizing maltose as a substrate, but does not demonstrate the glucoamylase activity utilizing amylose or amylopectin as a substrates. The sucrose activity refers to an activity of recognizing a glucose site of sucrose and decomposing it into glucose and fructose. In mammals, this activity is present only in the sucrose-isomaltase complex. Invertase which is brought by microorganisms is same as sucrose in hydrolyzing sucrose into glucose and fructose. However, the invertase is β-fructofuranosidase which recognizes a fructose portion of sucrose to be decomposed and, therefore, is a different enzyme having a recognition site different from that of the sucrose activity, and demonstrates a different activity.
The following activity inhibitors against saccharide-decomposition enzymes have been reported.
D-xylose and L-arabinose are reported to have a sucrose activity inhibitory effect (see Patent Publication 1). L-fucose, 2-deoxy-D-galactose, L-xylose, D-ribose, D-tagatose, D-ribrose, D-lyxose and D-xylulose are reported to have an α-glucosidase activity inhibitory effect (see Patent Publication 2). In relation to these, oligosaccharides composed of xylitol and xylose, xylose derivatives, saccharides such as arabitol, erythrose, erythritol and glyceraldehyde are reported to have an α-glucosidase activity inhibitory effect (see Patent Publications 3 and 4). The afore-mentioned saccharides are primarily monosaccharides or monosaccharide alcohols. Even when these are disaccharides or oligosaccharides, they contain xylose as a constituent. These saccharides themselves used as an enzymatic activity inhibitor are rarely digested and absorbed and express only the inhibitory effect on the enzymatic activities. The α-glucosidase in a broad sense is a general name for enzymes that recognize an α-glucoside bond and hydrolyze it, including numerous enzymes such as sucrose, maltase, and glucoamylase. However, in a narrower sense, the α-glucosidase means maltase and sucrose. The enzymes and enzymatic activities included in the α-glucosidase provide each different substrate specificities as described above.
For saccharide-digestive enzyme inhibitors derived from plants, it is reported that a plant extract of Juglandaceae Juglans sp. inhibits α-glucosidase and amylase activities (see Patent Publication 5); a hot water extract from a banaba, Lagerstroemia speciosa (Linn) Pers, inhibits maltase, sucrose, glucoamylase and isomaltase activities (see Patent Publication 6); and caffeoyl isolated and purified from yacon stems and leaves or coffee beans inhibits maltase activity (see Patent Publication 7).
It is also reported that a combination of sucrose and a sucrose inhibitor can be used as a proliferation promoter for intestinal bifidobacterium, and the aforementioned saccharides such as L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-ribose and D-tagatose are mentioned as the sucrose inhibitor to be used (see Patent Publication 8).
As other saccharide-decomposition enzyme inhibitors, a novel amino sugar produced by genus Streptomyces (actinomycetes) is disclosed to inhibit the amylase activity (see Patent Publications 9 and 10).
It has been reported that palatinose and trehalulose are, like isomaltose, decomposed by isomaltase and do not inhibit the sucrose activity (see Non-Patent Publications 2 and 3). In tests to confirm any inhibitory effect of palatinose on the sucrose activity, using 4.3-56 mM (approximately 0.15-1.9 wt. %) of sucrose as a substrate and 14 mM (approximately 0.48 wt. %) of palatinose as an inhibitor, it is reported that palatinose has no inhibitory effect. In tests to confirm any inhibitory effect of trehalulose on the sucrose activity, using 5-75 mM (approximately 0.17-2.6 wt. %) of sucrose as a substrate and 5 mM (approximately 0.17 wt. %) of trehalulose as an inhibitor, it is reported that trehalulose has no inhibitory effect. On the other hand, palatinose and palatinit are reported to have a maltase activity inhibitory effect to inhibit a reaction using maltose as a substrate (see Non-Patent Publication 4). However, because the enzyme used was not purified in the Non-Patent Publication 4, it is unknown whether that was inhibition of the sucrose activity or inhibition of the activity of the maltase-glucoamylase complex. Also, inhibition of decomposition of dextrin and starch are not reported there.
Patent Publication 1: WO 94/12057
Patent Publication 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Hei 6-065080
Patent Publication 3: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Hei 8-023973
Patent Publication 4: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Hei 11-286449
Patent Publication 5: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2004-352649
Patent Publication 6: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2002-012547
Patent Publication 7: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2002-255806
Patent Publication 8: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2004-113068
Patent Publication 9: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Sho 56-125398
Patent Publication 10: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Sho 54-092909
The prior art saccharide-decomposition enzyme inhibitors act only as an inhibitor and are difficult to be digested and absorbed. Accordingly, these are not intended to serve as a nutrition source. Therefore, an amount of these added to exhibit the effect must be very small relative to an amount of saccharide that is a target substrate of the inhibition of decomposition, such as starch, maltose and sucrose. When an inhibitor is incorporated together with a substrate saccharide into a food or food ingredient, it is a delicate job to set an appropriate amount to be taken. If an inhibitor and saccharide are taken in an excessive amount, a larger quantity of saccharide reach large intestine in an undigested state to cause a problem of developing digestive disorders such as laxative property and sensation of fullness.
Plant extracts among the conventional saccharide-decomposition enzyme inhibitors are generally brownish. Therefore, only a limited amount of the plant extract can be added to a food due to the color.
Moreover, many of the conventional saccharide-decomposition enzyme inhibitors have unique tastes such as bitter taste and astringency or odor. For this reason, it is not pleasant to have them as such, and, further, only a limited amount of them can be used in a food due to the taste added to the food and change in odor.
Sucrase inhibition and maltase inhibition have been investigated as a primary object for effects of the saccharide-decomposition enzyme inhibitors to prevent lifestyle-related diseases and obesity and to control intestinal disorders. We have carefully read various reports to find that the terms, sucrose and maltase, are not the names of such enzymes, but mean enzymes which have a sucrose decomposition activity (sucrose activity) and a maltose decomposition activity (maltase activity), respectively. It was known that the aforesaid sucrose-isomaltase complex account for all of the sucrose activities and most of the maltase activity in mammals. Thus, the sucrose activity inhibitory effect and the maltose activity inhibitory effect both correspond mainly to the inhibitory effects on the activity of the sucrose-isomaltase complex. Because this complex does not have a decomposition activity for amylose and amylopectin which are constituents of starch and dextrin, substantially no inhibitory effects to decomposition of starch and dextrin were confirmed.
A report that palatinose and trehalulose do not inhibit the sucrose activity was based on the results of the tests which were conducted at a low concentration of s substrate sucrose of 2.6% or lower and at a low concentrations of the inhibitor palatinose and trehalulose of less than 0.5 wt. %. These concentrations are so high as 10% or greater proportions relative to the substrate concentrations, but are too low for the expression of saccharide-decomposition enzyme inhibitory effects. In order to express the saccharide-decomposition enzyme inhibitory effects, the concentrations must be enough to inhibit the enzymes present in small intestine. Therefore, they should have been taken at a higher concentration enough as an inhibitor concentration
The inventors have found that one or more saccharides selected from the group consisting of isomaltulose (or palatinose: trademark), trehalulose and isomalt (or palatinit: trademark) inhibit a sucrose activity and a glucoamylase activity to complete the present invention.
Palatinose, trehalulose and palatinit have been commonly used as a sugar sweetener in drinks and foods.
Palatinose and trehalulose are structural isomers of sucrose and are disaccharides composed of glucose and fructose. Palatinose and trehalulose are completely decomposed by isomaltase into glucose and fructose. These monosaccharides are absorbed in small intestine and metabolized, like sucrose is decomposed enzymatically. Accordingly, these disaccharides are safe nutritional sugars. Therefore, when palatinose and trehalulose are taken together with sucrose or starch or dextrin, or any combinations thereof, they are digested and absorbed in small intestine, without causing any gastrointestinal disorders such as laxative actions or sensation of abdominal fullness. That is, when palatinose and trehalulose are used as the inhibitor, there is no particular restriction on the amount to be taken.
Palatinit is a type of sugar alcohol and is a hardly digestible saccharide like sorbitol and maltitol. A maximum no-effect level of palatinit has been determined as 0.3 g/kg bodyweight, so that it can be used without any problem in an amount less than this level.
According to the present invention, the sucrose activity can be inhibited by taking a sucrose activity inhibitor comprising at least one selected from palatinose, trehalulose and palatinit as an active ingredient, together with sucrose intake or before or after sucrose intake. Also, the glucoamylase activity can be inhibited by taking a glucoamylase inhibitor comprising at least one selected from palatinose, trehalulose and palatinit as an active ingredient, together with starch or dextrin intake or before or after starch or dextrin intake.
Palatinose, trehalulose and palatinit are sugar sweeteners themselves and are food items. Palatinose and palatinit are white powder, and trehalulose is colorless liquid like syrup. Further, palatinose and palatinit present a sweet taste which is close to that of sucrose and do not have any undesirable tastes such as bitter taste, astringency or sourness. Therefore, no color or undesirable taste is added to a food, when palatinose, trehalulose and palatinit are used in the food.
The sucrose inhibitor and the glucoamylase inhibitor of this invention containing palatinose or trehalulose as an active ingredient can be used without any particular limitation on the amount of intake of palatinose and trehalulose. When palatinit is used, the inhibitor can be used at below the ordinary maximum no-effect level of palatinit. Therefore, when at least one selected from the group consisting of palatinose, trehalulose and palatinit is used, the amount of intake of the inhibitor is not particularly limited. When the inhibitor is used in combination with sucrose or starch or both in foods, the amount of intake is not limited.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail.
“Palatinose™” in the present specification refers to a disaccharide in which glucose is bound to fructose via α-1,6-glucosyl bond, and is isomaltulose.
“Trehalulose” in the present specification refers to a disaccharide in which glucose is bound to fructose via α-1-glucosyl bond.
“Palatinit” (trademark) in the present specification refers to sugar alcohol that is obtained by hydrogenation of palatinose, and is a mixture of α-D-glucopyranosyl-1,6-D-sorbitol (abbreviated as GPS) and its isomer, α-D-glucopyranosyl-1 μl-D-mannitol (abbreviated as GPM) with two molecules of crystalline water being attached to one molecule of GPM. Palatinit is isomalt. The maximum no-effect level of palatinit for Japanese people is 0.3 g/kg bodyweight.
“sucrose activity” in the present specification refers to an activity of recognizing a glucose site of sucrose and decomposing sucrose into glucose and fructose. “Sucrase activity inhibition” refers to partial or complete inhibition of the sucrose activity.
“Glucoamylase activity” in the present specification refers to an activity of decomposing, at terminals, a partial decomposition product of starch in which glucose is bound primarily via an α-1,4-bond (amylose and amylopectin) to produce each one glucose per decomposition. “Glucoamylase activity inhibition” refers to partial or complete inhibition of the glucoamylase activity. A partial decomposition product of starch is generally called dextrin, but the decomposition activity for maltooligosaccharide (4 or more saccharides) which has a smaller molecular weight than dextrin is also called glucoamylase activity.
An enzyme having the sucrose activity is different from an enzyme having the glucoamylase activity. The enzyme having the sucrose activity is a sucrose-isomaltase complex which is localized in small intestine. The enzyme having the glucoamylase activity is glucoamylase alone in small intestine. It has been confirmed in the following confirmation tests that starch or dextrin was decomposed by glucoamylase in the following Examples and the sucrose-isomaltase complex had no or little dextrin decomposition activity.
As the enzyme activity inhibitor comprising palatinose as an active ingredient in the present invention, use may be made of, for example, crystalline palatinose, palatinose syrup or trehalulose syrup. Crystalline palatinose (trade name: Crystalline Palatinose IC, ex Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.) contains 99.0% or more of palatinose including crystalline water. Palatinose syrup (trade name: Palatinose Syrup-ISN or -TN, ex Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.) contains 11 to 17% of palatinose and 53 to 59% of trehalulose. Trehalulose syrup (trade name: Mildear-75 or -85, ex Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.) contains 8 to 13% of palatinose and 83 to 89% of trehalulose.
As the enzyme activity inhibitor comprising trehalulose as an active ingredient in the present invention, use may be made of, for example, palatinose syrup or trehalulose syrup. Examples of palatinose syrup and trehalulose syrup are as described above.
As the enzyme activity inhibitor comprising palatinit as an active ingredient in the present invention, use may be made of, for example, palatinit (trade name: Palatinit PN series and GS series, ex Mitsui Sugar Co. Ltd.). Palatinit PN series contain 50±5% of GPM and 50±5% of GPS. Palatinit PN, Palatinit PNS-2, Palatinit PNM-2, Palatinit PNP, etc. have different particle sizes. In addition, Palatinit GS series contain 20±5% of GPM and 80±5% of GPS. Palatinit GS in a granular state and Palatinit GSP in a powder state are also available.
The sucrose activity inhibitor and the glucoamylase activity inhibitor of the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as the present inhibitors) may have any form. Besides the aforementioned ones, fondants, granules, tablets, syrups, drinks or powdery mixtures comprising palatinose, trehalulose or palatinit may be included. In the following Examples 12 and 13, the inhibitors of the present invention in a granular form containing palatinose and palatinit are described. In addition, the present inhibitors may be combined with materials that can be used in foods, quasi drugs, medicines or the like, and can be processed into functional foods, health foods, quasi drugs, medicines or the like.
In the following Examples 14 through 30, described are the inhibitors or foods comprising at least one of palatinose, trehalulose and palatinit. When these inhibitors or foods are taken together with saccharides such as sucrose, dextrin or starch that are a substrate for one or both of sucrose and glucoamylase, the inhibitors or foods inhibit decomposition of substrate saccharides in small intestine on account of the sucrose activity inhibitory effect or the glucoamylase activity inhibitory effect of palatinose, trehalulose or palatinit.
In Examples 31 through 37, described are foods comprising at least one of palatinose, trehalulose and palatinit. Examples 38 through 40 demonstrate feeds comprising at least one of palatinose, trehalulose and palatinit. These foods and feeds also contain saccharides such as sucrose, dextrin and starch that are a substrate for one or both of sucrose or glucoamylase. These foods and feeds inhibit decomposition of the substrate contained in the foods and feeds in small intestine on account of palatinose, trehalulose or palatinit contained in the foods and feeds.
If sucrose which is a substrate for sucrose or a partial decomposition product of starch and/or dextrin which are a substrate for glucoamylase are present in small intestine when one or more saccharides selected from the group consisting of palatinose, trehalulose and palatinit reaches small intestine, decomposition of the sucrose or the partial decomposition product of starch and/or dextrin is inhibited, so that total digestive absorption of these substrates and the enzymatic activity inhibitors is suppressed, compared to a case where no enzymatic activity inhibitor is present.
The amount of intake of the present inhibitors is not particularly restricted. In a case where palatinose, trehalulose and/or palatinit are taken in combination with sucrose and/or starch and/or dextrin, the inhibitory effect on the sucrose activity and the glucoamylase activity can be expected under such conditions that where a concentration of sucrose, when taken orally as usual, is 5 to 50 wt. % or a concentration of starch and/or dextrin is 5 to 70 wt. %, a palatinose concentration is 0.5 wt. % or larger and a-ratio of palatinose to a total of sucrose or starch and/or dextrin plus palatinose ranges from 0.10 to 0.90.
An emptying rate from a stomach to small intestine of saccharides composed of glucose or fructose as a structural sugar, such as glucose, sucrose, maltose, dextrin, starch and fructose, is limited. If a large amount of these saccharides or a high concentration of these saccharides is taken, they are diluted in the stomach and, at the same time, the emptying rate from the stomach to the small intestine is controlled so that a concentration of these saccharides in the small intestine is suppressed below approximately 10%. (“Satou-hyakka” (in Japanese) by Akikazu Takeda, Hitoshi Hashimoto and Hiroshi Ito, pp 11 to 12, published by the Sugar Industry Association inc. and the Japan Sugar Refiners' Association). In the present Examples, the conditions for determining the present effect are similar with those in the small intestine. In a case where a substrate sucrose concentration was 15% or less or a substrate dextrin concentration was 10% or less, the effects of the present invention was confirmed with 10 wt. % or more, relative to the substrate, of at least one of the inhibitor selected from palatinose, trehalulose and palatinit. It is less likely that the substrate is transferred to small intestine at a higher concentration. Therefore, even when a certain high concentration of sucrose and/or starch and/or dextrin as mentioned above is taken, the present inhibitor works effectively.
In one aspect of the present invention, 10 parts by weight or more of the present inhibitor can be taken per 100 parts by weight of sucrose/or starch and/or dextrin taken or to be taken, prior to or together with having a meal; or after having a meal, or before the sucrose, starch or dextrin is decomposed in the small intestine (in a period where these are mixed in the stomach and the small intestine). Alternatively, a food or feed can contain the present inhibitor together with sucrose, starch or dextrin.
In another aspect of the present invention, a food or feed comprising the present sucrose activity inhibitor contains 3 wt. % or more of sucrose and 10 wt. % or more, relative to the weight of the sucrose, of the sucrose activity inhibitor (see the following Examples 8 and 9). In a case where the sucrose activity inhibitor is palatinit, the sucrose inhibitory activity is appreciable with 0.5 wt. % or more of sucrose and 10 wt. % or more, relative to the weight of sucrose, of palatinit (see Example 9).
A food or feed comprising the present glucoamylase activity inhibitor contains starch and/or dextrin in an amount of 2 wt. % or more and the glucoamylase activity inhibitor in an amount of 2 wt. % or more relative to the weight of the starch and/or dextrin (see Examples 10 and 11). In a case where the glucoamylase inhibitor is palatinit, the glucoamylase inhibitory activity is appreciable with 0.5 wt. % or more of starch and/or dextrin and 10 wt. % or more, relative to the weight of starch and/or dextrin, of palatinit (see Example 11 below).
The present inhibitor can be used also as drugs for controlling intestinal disorders, sustainable energy feeders, drugs for sustaining perception of satiety, drugs for preventing fat accumulations and obesity, and stabilizers for a blood glucose level.
Other embodiments of the present invention are a method of controlling intestinal disorders, a method of supplying sustainable energy, a method of sustaining perception of satiety, and a method of suppressing fat accumulation, a method of preventing obesity, and a method of stabilizing a blood glucose level, using one or more saccharides selected from the group consisting of palatinose, trehalulose and palatinit.
The food comprising the present inhibitors may be in any form, such as drinks comprising carbohydrates (sports drinks, jelly drinks, carbonated drinks), processed foods, confectioneries (candies), breads, and pancakes and so on.
The feed comprising the present inhibitors may be in any form, such as solid feeds and liquid feeds. When the present inhibitor is given to commercial animals (pigs, cattle and domestic fowl) and companion animals (cats and dogs), the effects of controlling intestinal disorders and stabilization of a blood glucose level are expected to be attained.
A package containing the food or feed comprising the present inhibitor may be accompanied with an instruction describing the inhibitory effect.
Other embodiments of the present invention are a method of using one or more saccharides selected from the group consisting of palatinose, trehalulose and palatinit for producing a drug for suppressing fat accumulation, a drug for preventing obesity, a drug for stabilizing a blood glucose level and a drug for controlling intestinal disorders.
The present invention will be explained with reference to the following Examples. However, this invention shall not be limited by these Examples. Unless otherwise specified, “%” in the Examples means % by w/v.
[Confirmation Tests]
Decomposability of the sucrose-isomaltase complex on dextrin was investigated in order to confirm that decomposition of starch in the following Examples 4, 6 and 7 and Test Example 5 was attained by glucoamylase, but not by sucrose or isomaltase.
A. Extraction of a crude enzyme, sucrose-isomaltase complex Twenty grams of rat small-intestinal acetone powder (ex Sigma Corporation) were added to 180 ml of 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and extracted for 4 hours while slowly stirred at room temperature, to which 6.5 ml of a cysteine solution (100 mg/10 ml) and 1.5 ml of a papain solution (MP Biomedicals, LLC 80 mg/2 ml) were subsequently added and the mixture was incubated at 37° C. for 1 hour to conduct a papain treatment. Then, a supernatant was recovered by centrifugal separation (8000 rpm×15 min.) and further filtered by aspiration using Toyo Filter Paper No. 2 to obtain 164 ml of a crude enzyme solution. Protein was precipitated at an ammonium sulfate concentration of 45% from the crude enzyme solution and then a supernatant was recovered by centrifugal separation (8000 rpm×15 min.). Next, ammonium sulfate was added to the supernatant up to a concentration of 65% to precipitate protein, and then the precipitate was recovered by centrifugal separation (8000 rpm×15 min.). The precipitate was dissolved in a 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and the solution was placed in a dialysis tube (dialysis membrane, ex the Union Carbide Corporation). The dialysis tube was dipped in 2 liters of 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and left overnight for dialysis and desalting while slowly stirred, resulting in 50 ml recovered. Next, the desalted one was separated by column chromatography with DEAE-Cellulose (50 ml volume) and fractions (each 12 ml/tube) were collected using a fraction collector. The chromatographic separation was carried out while elevating a salt concentration of the potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) stepwise (10 mM→50 mM→100 mM). The enzymatic activity was measured for each fraction and the fraction with the highest activity of a sucrose-isomaltase complex was recovered to obtain a 12 ml crude enzyme solution. The sucrose-isomaltase complex activity was determined by measuring a decomposition activity for sucrose in each fraction. More specifically, a 28 mM sucrose solution and 0.125 ml of a fraction were placed in a 2.5 ml small test tube, shaken at 37° C. for 20 min. at 60 strokes/min., then the small test tube was dipped in boiling water for 3 min. to inactivate the enzyme. A glucose concentration was determined using the F-kit Glucose (ex Roche) described in item D below.
Each three samples for the following three kinds of samples were prepared in small test tubes so as to result in a final volume of 2.5 ml.
Sample 1 Dextrin 2% (W/V)/crude enzyme liquid 0.125 ml
Sample 2 Dextrin 2% (W/V)/crude enzyme liquid 0.25 ml
Sample 3 Sucrose 26.6 mM (0.91% (W/V)/crude enzyme liquid 0.125 ml
Dextrin used was dextrin from corn (Type 3) (ex Sigma Corporation, USA). Sucrose was a guaranteed reagent Saccharose (ex Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.). Each concentration means a final concentration of the dextrin or sucrose.
Each sample was shaken at 37° C. for 20 min. at 60 strokes/min., and the small test tube was dipped in boiling water for 3 min. to inactivate the enzyme.
A glucose concentration in each sample after the reaction was measured using the F-kit Glucose (ex Roche Corporation). A liberated glucose concentration (g/l) was calculated by subtracting a blank value (0.1 M phosphate buffer alone (pH 6.8)) and a concentration of glucose originally contained in the test sample (dextrin and sucrose) from the determined glucose concentration.
Dextrin is a polymer of glucose. Generally, product dextrin contains monosaccharide (glucose), disaccharides maltose and isomaltose) and oligosaccharides such as tri- or higher saccharides. The amount of glucose (monosaccharide) that was originally present in the product dextrin can be measured by the F-kit Glucose as mentioned above, and is subtracted in the calculation. However, maltose that is a substrate for sucrose and isomaltose that is a substrate for isomaltase were not subtracted. If maltose or isomaltose is present in the reaction solution, they are decomposed by the sucrose-isomaltase complex to liberate glucose. Therefore, a content of disaccharides in the product dextrin was determined by liquid chromatography.
The measurement conditions were as follows.
Column: Sugar KS-801 and Sugar KS-802 (ex Showa Denko K. K.) were connected with each other.
Mobile phase: water
Flow rate: 1 ml/min.
Column temperature: 60° C.
It was found that the product dextrin used contained 1.3 wt. % of disaccharides, based on a solid content of the dextrin.
The mean amounts (g/l) of produced glucose in Samples 1 to 3 were 0.057, 0.088, and 0.474, respectively. Although the dextrin concentration of Sample 1 (2 wt. %) was higher than the sucrose concentration of Sample 3 (0.91 wt. %), the amount of produced glucose in Sample 1 was at a level of 1/10, compared to the amount of produced glucose in Sample 3. Although the sucrose-isomaltase complex (crude enzyme) was not completely purified, the amount of glucoamylase was very small. Accordingly, it is understood that maltose and isomaltose that are present in the product dextrin are easily decomposed, compared to the polymeric dextrin. The product dextrin used contained 1.3 wt. % of disaccharides. It seems that the glucose produced was derived from these disaccharides. Therefore, the sucrose-isomaltase complex (crude enzyme) seems to contain almost no glucoamylase. It was confirmed by this confirmation test that the enzyme presenting the sucrose activity and the enzyme presenting the dextrin or starch decomposition activity in the rat small intestine powder used in the Examples are different from each other as described in Non-Patent Publication 1.
Palatinose (trade name: Palatinose IC, ex Shin Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.) (test sample) was used as a sample for investigating each enzyme activity inhibitory effect. Maltose and sucrose were used as substrates for maltase and sucrose, respectively. The test sample and the substrates were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) at the concentration shown in Table 1 below to prepare test solutions (Solutions 4 and 5). Also, the test sample or the substrates were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), respectively to at the concentration shown in Table 1 below to prepare control solutions (Solution 1 for the test sample and Solutions 2 and 3 for the substrates).
Preparation of a Small-Intestinal Enzyme Solution:
Two grams of rat small-intestinal acetone powder (ex Sigma Corporation) were dissolved in 20 ml of 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), left standing one day at 5° C., and subsequently subjected to centrifugal separation (8000 rpm×15 min.). The supernatant was filtered through a 0.8 μm membrane filter to obtain a small-intestinal enzyme liquid. This liquid contained a mixture of enzymes present in small intestine, such as sucrose, glucoamylase, maltase, and isomaltase.
Method for Determining an Activity:
Each 0.25 ml of the small-intestinal enzyme liquid was added to each 5 ml of Solutions 1 through 5 and placed in a water bath at 37° C. to allow them to react for 60 min. while shaken at 60 strokes/min. After the reaction, they were heated in a boiling water bath for 3 min. for inactivation of the enzymes.
The glucose concentration in each solution after the reaction was measured using the F-kit Glucose (ex Roche). A liberated glucose concentration (g/l) was calculated by subtracting the blank value (0.1 M phosphate buffer alone) and the concentration of glucose originally contained in the test sample from each glucose concentration measured. The results are as shown in Table 1.
Next, each of the liberated glucose concentration was input in the following equation to obtain decomposition inhibition ratio for maltase and sucrose. In the present tests, the substrates and the inhibitors were decomposed by enzymes present in the small-intestinal enzyme liquid. However, the enzymes decomposing the substrates are different from the enzymes decomposing the inhibitors. The decomposition inhibition ratio was determined as a measure for the inhibitory effect. When the inhibitor was added, the glucose concentration was lower than that seen when the substrate alone was reacted. A higher decomposition inhibition ratio means a stronger inhibitory effect. The results are as shown in Table 1.
Decomposition inhibition ratio,%={(A+B)−(AB)}+(A+B)×100 [Equation 1]
wherein (A+B) indicates a sum of a liberated glucose concentration in the control solution containing the test sample alone after the reaction (A) and a liberated glucose concentration in the control solution containing the substrate alone after the reaction (B); and (AB) indicates a liberated glucose concentration in the test solution containing the test sample (A) and the substrate (B), after the reaction.
[Table 1]
As seen in Table 1, palatinose demonstrated decomposition inhibition against maltase and decomposition inhibition against sucrose. Thus, palatinose has a maltase activity inhibitory effect and a sucrose activity inhibitory effect. It has now been found that the palatinose has the sucrose activity inhibitory effect, though it is known in literature that palatinose has the maltase activity inhibitory effect.
The procedures in Example 1 were repeated with the exception that two kinds of indigestible dextrin (trade names: Fibersol 2 and Pine Fiber Bi, ex Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) were used as test samples. The test samples and the substrates were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 2 to thereby prepare test solutions (Solutions-8 through -11). Also, the test samples or substrates were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 2 to thereby prepare control solutions (Test Sample Solutions-6 and -7 and Substrate Solutions-2 and -3).
Each 5 ml of the aforementioned test solutions and control solutions was subjected to the enzymatic reaction in the same procedures as in Example 1. The liberated glucose concentration, the decomposition inhibition ratio for maltase and the decomposition inhibition ratio for sucrose were calculated for each solution after the reaction. The results are as shown in Table 2.
[Table 2]
As seen in Table 2, the decomposition rates of Fibersol 2 and Pine Fiber Bi were much higher than the decomposition rate of sucrose. This is probably because Fibersol 2 and Pine Fiber Bi which are indigestible dextrin contain 5 to 15% and 45 to 55% of digestible components (components other than dietary fiber), respectively, and the decomposition rates of the latter were comparable to that of maltose or dextrin.
To compare Solution-4, Solution-8, and Solution-9 in Tables 1 and 2 where palatinose, Fibersol 2, or Pine Fiber Bi was added to the substrate maltose, the liberated glucose concentration in Solution-4 with palatinose was lowest, and was lower than the liberated glucose concentration of the control Solution-2 where only the substrate maltose was added. Thus, the effect of palatinose was substantially highest. Regarding the maltase activity inhibitory effect, it is seen that palatinose demonstrated the maltase activity inhibitory effect, but both indigestible dextrins demonstrated higher maltase activity inhibition ratio than that of palatinose.
As seen, to compare Solution-5, Solution-10, and Solution-11 in Tables 1 and 2 where palatinose, Fibersol 2, or Pine Fiber Bi was added to the substrate sucrose, the liberated glucose concentration in Solution-5 with palatinose was lowest, and was lower than the liberated glucose concentration in Solution-3) where only the substrate sucrose was added. Regarding the sucrose activity inhibitory effect, it is seen that palatinose demonstrated the highest effect among the test samples shown in Tables 1 and 2.
The procedures in Example 1 were repeated with the exception that the test solutions contained 5% of sucrose and 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0% or 5.0% of palatinose to examine intensity of the sucrose activity inhibition. A control solution contained 5% of sucrose in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). The results are as shown in
As seen in
The procedures in Example 1 were repeated with the exception that palatinit and palatinose were used as test samples and sucrose was used as a substrate. The test samples and the substrate were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 3 to thereby prepare two test solutions. Besides, each one of the test samples or the substrate was dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 3 to thereby prepare control solutions. Each 5 ml of the aforementioned test solutions or the control solutions was subjected to the enzymatic reaction according to the same procedures as in Example 1. The glucose concentration and the fructose concentration were measured.
The fructose concentration was measured using the F-kit Fructose (ex Roche). The liberated fructose concentration, g/l, was obtained by subtracting the blank value (0.1 M phosphate buffer alone) from the resultant fructose concentration. The results are as shown in Table 3.
[Table 3]
Where palatinit or palatinose was added to sucrose, both the liberated glucose concentration and the liberated fructose concentration were lower than the liberated glucose concentration and the liberated fructose concentration in the control solution with sucrose alone. This means that palatinit and palatinose have a sucrose inhibitory effect.
The procedures in Example 1 were repeated with the exception that isomaltose was used as a test sample.
Isomaltose is a disaccharide where two molecules of D-glucose are bound with each other via α-1,6 glucoside bond. The test sample and the substrate were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration as shown in Table 4 to thereby prepare a test solution. Besides, the test sample or the substrate was dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 4 to thereby prepare control solutions. Each 5 ml of the aforementioned test solution and the control solutions was subjected to the enzymatic reaction according to the same procedures as in Example 1. The liberated glucose concentration, the liberated fructose concentration and the decomposition inhibition ratio against sucrose were determined. The results are as shown in Table 4.
[Table 4]
In the test solution where isomaltose was added to sucrose, an increased liberated glucose concentration (2.18 g/l) was detected due to decomposition of isomaltose. However, the liberated fructose concentration in this test solution, (0.70 g/l) was lower than the liberated fructose concentration in the control solution with sucrose only (1.09 g/l). Thus, isomaltose has a sucrose activity inhibitory effect. It is noted that the rate of isomaltose decomposed by isomaltase was faster than the rate of decomposition of sucrose by sucrose, so that the total concentration of liberated monosaccharides (2.18+0.70=2.88, g/l) was slightly higher than the total concentration in the control solution with sucrose only (1.01+1.09=2.10, g/l).
The procedures in Example 1 were repeated with the exception that palatinit, palatinose or isomaltose was used as a test sample and lactose was used as a substrate. The test samples and the substrate were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 5 to thereby prepare three test solutions. Besides, each of the test samples or the substrate was dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 5 to thereby prepare control solutions. Each 5 ml of the aforementioned test solutions and the control solutions was subjected to the enzymatic reaction according to the same procedures as in Example 1. The glucose concentration, the fructose concentration and the galactose concentration were measured. The galactose concentration was measured using F-kit Galactose (ex Roche). The liberated galactose concentration, g/l, was calculated by subtracting the blank value (0.1 M phosphate buffer alone) from the measured galactose concentration. The results are as shown in Table 5 below.
[Table 5]
The decreased concentrations of liberated galactose (0.13, 0.12, and 0.06 g/l) were found in all of the test solutions where palatinit, palatinose or isomaltose was added to lactose. However, the difference was little since the liberated saccharide concentration was low (0.16 g/l) even in the control solution with the substrate lactose only. Since the liberated glucose concentration in the test solution did not decrease, it is concluded that no lactose inhibitory effect was appreciable in the three test samples used.
The procedures in Example 1 were repeated with the exception that palatinose and palatinit were used as a test sample and soluble starch was used as a substrate. The test samples and the substrate were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 6 to thereby prepare two test solutions. Besides, each of the test samples or the substrate was dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 6 to thereby prepare control solutions. Each 5 ml of the aforementioned test solutions and the control solutions was subjected to the enzymatic reaction according to the same procedures as in Example 1 and the liberated glucose concentration and the decomposition inhibition ratio were measured. The results are as shown in Table 6.
[Table 6]
As seen in Table 6, where palatinose or palatinit was added as the test sample, the amount of glucose liberated from soluble starch was lower. Thus, these test samples have the glucoamylase activity inhibitory effect.
The procedures in Example 1 were repeated with the exception that trehalulose was used as a test sample and sucrose was used as a substrate. The test sample and the substrate were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 7 to thereby prepare a test solution. Besides, the test sample or the substrate was dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 7 to thereby prepare control solutions. Each 5 ml of the aforementioned test solution and the control solutions was subjected to the enzymatic reaction according to the same procedures as in Example 1 and the liberated glucose concentration and the decomposition inhibitory ratio was determined. The results are as shown in Table 7.
[Table 7]
As seen in Table 7, where trehalulose was added as a test sample, the amount of glucose liberated from sucrose decreased from 1.628 g/l to 1.403 g/l. Thus, trehalulose has the sucrose activity inhibitory effect.
The procedures in Example 1 were repeated with the exception that trehalose was used as a test sample and sucrose was used as a substrate. Trehalose is a disaccharide where two molecules of D-glucose are bonded via their reducing residues. The test sample and the substrate were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 8 to thereby prepare a test solution. Besides, the test sample or the substrate was dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 8 to thereby prepare control solutions. Each 5 ml of the aforementioned test solution and the control solutions was subjected to the enzymatic reaction according to the same procedures, as in Example 1 and the liberated glucose concentration was measured. The results are as shown in Table 8 below.
[Table 8]
As seen in Table 8, where trehalose was added as a test sample, the glucose concentration was 1.683 g/l, which was greater than the glucose concentration in the control solution with sucrose alone, 1.628 g/l. Thus, trehalose has substantially no sucrose activity inhibitory effect.
The procedures in Example 1 were repeated with the exception that trehalulose was used as a test sample and soluble starch was used as a substrate. The test sample and the substrate were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 9 to thereby prepare a test solution. Besides, the test sample or the substrate was dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 9 to thereby prepare control solutions. Each 5 ml of the aforementioned test solution and the control solutions was subjected to the enzymatic reaction according to the same procedures as in Example 1 and the liberated glucose concentration and the decomposition inhibition ratio were measured. The results are as shown in Table 9.
[Table 9]
As seen in Table 9, where trehalulose was added as a test sample, the glucose concentration liberated from soluble starch decreased. Thus, trehalulose has a glucoamylase activity inhibitory effect.
The procedures in Example 1 were repeated with the exception that trehalose was used as a test sample and soluble starch was used as a substrate. The test sample and the substrate were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 10 to thereby prepare a test solution. Besides, the test sample or the substrate was dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in Table 10 to thereby prepare control solutions. Each 5 ml of the aforementioned test solution and the control solutions was subjected to the enzymatic reaction according to the same procedures as in Example 1 and the liberated glucose concentration and the decomposition inhibition ratio were measured. The results are as shown in Table 10.
[Table 10]
As seen in Table 10, where trehalose was added as a test sample, the glucose concentration, 2.349 g/l, was slightly less than the liberated glucose concentration in the control solution with soluble starch alone, 2.400 g/l. Thus, trehalose has a glucoamylase activity inhibitory effect, but the effect is very weak.
The procedures in Example 1 were repeated with the exception that combinations of palatinose, trehalulose or palatinit were used as test samples and sucrose or soluble starch was used as a substrate. Combinations of the test samples and the substrate were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to attain the concentration shown in
As seen in
Twenty samples with the concentrations shown in Table 11, Samples A-1 through A-20, were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to a final volume of 2.5 ml.
[Table 11]
This was made in the same way as in the preparation of a small intestinal enzyme solution in Example 1.
Each 0.15 ml of a small intestinal enzyme solution was added to each 2.5 ml of the aforementioned 20 samples, each mixture, and placed in a water bath at 37° C. to allow reaction for 10 minutes while shaken at 60 strokes/min. At the end of the reaction, the mixture was heated in a boiling water bath for 3 min. for inactivation of the enzyme. As a blank, 0.15 ml of the intestinal enzyme solution was added to 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and the enzyme was inactivated immediately.
After the reaction, the glucose concentration in each solution was measured using the F-kit Glucose (ex Roche) as in Example 1.
The results are as shown in
The procedures in Example 8 were repeated with the exception that twenty samples with the concentrations shown in Table 12, Samples B-1 through B-20, were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to a final volume of 2.5 ml.
[Table 12]
The results are as shown in
The procedures in Example 8 were repeated with the exception that sixteen samples with the concentrations shown in Table 13, Samples C-1 through C-16, were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to a final volume of 2.5 ml.
[Table 13]
The results are as shown in
The procedures in Example 8 were repeated with the exception that sixteen samples with the concentrations shown in Table 14, Samples D-1 through D-16, were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to a final volume of 2.5 ml.
[Table 14]
The results are as shown in
An agent with palatinose in a granule form was prepared using crystalline palatinose in a powder form. Crystalline palatinose (trade name: Crystalline Palatinose—IC, ex Shin Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.) was fed at a raw material input port of a twin-screw extruder at a rate of 40 kg/hr and melted at 160 to 180° C. Subsequently, water was added at a rate of 2 kg/hr for cooling and precipitation to obtain powder. This powder was passed through sieves to obtain granules, of which 99% or more falls at 10 to 40 mesh.
The procedures in Example 12 were repeated to produce granules with the exception that use was made of powder palatinit (trade name: Palatinit PNM-2, ex Shin Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.) instead of the crystalline palatinose.
An agent in a powder mixture form according to the invention was prepared with the following composition, using a universal mixer in a conventional manner.
The procedures in Example 14 were repeated to produce a powder mixture agent with the exception that use was made of powder palatinit (trade name: Palatinit PNM-2, ex Shin Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.) instead of the crystalline palatinose.
Fondant was prepared with the following composition. Crystalline palatinose was fed at a raw material input port of a twin-screw extruder at a rate of 120 kg/hr and melted at 160 to 200° C. Subsequently, water was added at a rate of 5.6 kg/hr for cooling to produce microcrystals. Finally, palatinose syrup was poured at 100 kg/hr and blended with cooling.
Crystalline palatinose 120 parts by weight (trade name: Crystalline Palatinose-IC, ex Shin Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.)
Palatinose syrup 100 parts by weight (trade name: Palatinose Syrup—ISN, ex Shin Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.)
The fondant thus prepared can be used as a raw material for soft candy, or a decoration raw material for baked sweets and sweet breads.
The procedures in Example 16 were repeated to produce fondant with the exception that use was made of palatinit (trade name: Palatinit PNM-2, ex Shin Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.) instead of the crystalline palatinose and use was made of maltitol syrup (trade name: Mabit, ex Hayashibara Shoji) instead of the palatinose syrup.
A fondant containing the present agent with the following composition was prepared.
Crystalline palatinose was fed at a raw material input port of a twin-screw extruder at a rate of 230 kg/hr and melted at barrel temperature of 160 to 200° C. Subsequently, water was added at a rate of 21.0 kg/hr for cooling to produce microcrystals. Finally, trehalulose syrup containing the present agent was poured at 100 kg/hr, and blended while cooled.
The fondant thus prepared can be used as a raw material for soft candies, or a decoration raw material for baked sweets and sweet breads.
The procedures in Example 18 were repeated to produce a fondant with the exception that use was made of palatinit (trade name: Palatinit PNM-2, ex Shin Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.) instead of the crystalline palatinose.
Tablets containing the present agent were prepared with the following composition. Tablets (diameter: 18 mm, thickness: 5 mm, and weight: 1.5 g) were prepared by applying a compression force of 300 kg/cm2 on a powder mix with the following composition.
Tablets containing the present agent were prepared with the following composition. Tablets (diameter: 18 mm, thickness: 5 mm, and weight: 1.5 g) were prepared by applying a compression force of 300 kg/cm2 on a powder mix with the following composition.
Sugar-coated tablets containing the present agent was prepared, using the agent (tablets) prepared in Example 21. The agent (tablets) prepared in Example 21 was placed in a coating pan and was soft-coated alternately with syrup having the following composition (a) and powdered palatinit at a weight ratio of 1:2 and subsequently hard-coated with the following composition (b). After the coating, the tablets were dried in air at room temperature.
(a) For soft-coating:
(b) For hard-coating:
A drink containing the present agent was prepared, using the agent (powder mix) prepared in Example 14. The drink was prepared by dissolving 25 g of the agent prepared in Example 14 in 200 ml of hot water.
With the following composition a soft drink containing the present agent at a ratio as described below was prepared. The following ingredients were dissolved in 250 ml of hot water and filled in a can for 250 ml.
A soft drink containing the present agent was prepared with the following composition. The following ingredients were dissolved at the following concentration in hot water to a total of 250 g, and filled in a drink can for 250 ml.
A sports drink containing the present agent was prepared with the following proportion. The following ingredients were dissolved in 215 ml of hot water, and filled in a drink can for 250 ml.
Hard candies containing the present agent were prepared with the following composition. Trehalulose syrup was added to a dissolution vessel and stirred with heating. Subsequently, the solution was heated in vacuo up to a temperature of 120° C. at a pressure of 86.7 KPa Gauge (vacuum 650 mmHg) and, then, citric acid, aspartame, tartaric acid, Red Color, Blue Color and grape flavor were added. After cooled to approximately 70 to 80° C., the mixture was molded into candies of each 4 g, which was each packaged.
Hard candies containing the present agent were prepared with the following composition. First, crystalline palatinose, trehalulose syrup and water were added to a dissolution vessel and stirred to dissolve with heating. Subsequently, the solution was heated in vacuo up to a temperature of 120° C. at a pressure of 700 mmHg and, then, citric acid, aspartame, Vitamin P and lemon flavor were added. After cooled to approximately 70 to 80° C., the mixture was molded into candies of each 4 g, which was each packaged.
A jelly drink with orange taste containing the present agent was prepared with the following composition. First, palatinose syrup and water were mixed with each other to which a gelling agent was, subsequently, added portion-wise to dissolve while heated to 90° C. After cooled to 70° C., the remaining ingredients were added and stirred to dissolve. The solution was filled in a cheer pack. After sealed, the package was sterilized at 90° C. for 20 min. and then cooled.
A jelly drink with orange taste containing the present agent was prepared with the following composition. First, palatinose, trehalulose syrup and water were mixed together and a gelling agent was added portion-wise to dissolve while heated to 90° C. Subsequently, after cooled to 70° C., the remaining ingredients were added and dissolved by stirring. The solution was filled in a cheer pack and, after sealed, sterilized at 90° C. for 20 minutes and then cooled.
Pancakes containing the present agent were prepared with the following composition. First, wheat flour, baking powder and powdered palatinose were combined and sieved. Milk and eggs were combined and stirred well, to which the sieved powder mix was added and the mixture was briefly blended to become uniform with a whip to obtain a batter. The batter was placed in a hot plate at 200° C. After it became golden and bubbles were seen on the upper surface, it was turned over. When the other side became golden, the pancake was taken out from the plate, on which butter and maple syrup were then placed.
Pancakes containing the present agent were prepared with the following composition. First, wheat flour and baking powder were combined and sieved. Eggs and trehalulose syrup were combined and stirred well, to which milk was added and stirred well and the sieved powder mix was added. The mixture was briefly blended to become uniform with a whip to obtain a batter. The batter was placed in a hot plate at 200° C. After it became golden and bubbles were seen on the upper surface, it was turned over. When the other side became golden, the pancake was taken out from the plate, on which butter and maple syrup were then placed.
One thousand grams of sucrose was mixed with 100 g of palatinose (trade name: Crystalline Palatinose—IC, ex Shin Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.) or palatinit (trade name: Palatinit PN, ex Shin Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.) and filled in a stick package in an amount of 5 g per stick. When the stick sugar is dissolved in 150 ml of coffee or tea, provided is a drink containing 3.0% of sucrose and 0.3% of palatinose or palatinit.
Five hundred grams of sucrose was mixed with 65 g of Mildear-85 (containing 50 g of trehalulose, ex Shin Mitsui Sugar, Co., Ltd.,) and 175 g of water and processed into portion syrups of 7.4 g per portion. When the portion syrup is dissolved in 165 ml of iced coffee or iced tea, provided is a drink containing 3% of sucrose and 0.3% of trehalulose.
Drinks were prepared with the compositions shown in the following Table 15.
[Table 15]
Dried soup was prepared with the compositions shown in Table 16.
[Table 16]
Dressings were prepared with the compositions shown in Table 17.
[Table 17]
Feeds comprising the present agent were prepared according to the compositions shown in Table 18. The standard composition there is a reference and the other compositions are examples of the present invention. The compositions are expressed in wt. %.
[Table 18]
Raw materials for mixed feeds were prepared with the compositions shown in Table 19.
[Table 19]
The sucrose-based raw materials for mixed feeds are in a syrup form and is mixed with other raw materials for feeds before use. The other raw materials for feeds can include dried plants and dried proteins which do not contain sucrose, starch or dextrin. When 47.1 g of the sucrose-based raw material for mixed feeds are mixed with 1000 g of other raw material for feeds, prepared is a feed comprising at 3% of sucrose and 0.3% of the present inhibitor.
Raw materials were mixed in the compositions shown in Table 20 and the mixture was dried in a fluidized bed dryer to prepare granulated feeds.
[Table 20]
The granulated feeds are mixed with other raw materials for feeds before use. The other feed raw materials can include dried plants and dried proteins which do not contain sucrose, starch or dextrin. When 22.7 g of the granulated feed are mixed with 1000 g of other raw materials for feed, provided is a feed comprising 2% of dextrin and 0.2% of the present inhibitor.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005-095747 | Mar 2005 | JP | national |
| 2005-284665 | Sep 2005 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/306261 | 3/28/2006 | WO | 00 | 9/28/2007 |
