Patent Application
20170100315
The present invention generally relates to cosmetic compositions for protecting skin and hair from UV radiation and to a method using such cosmetic compositions.
Human skin, the body's largest organ, performs numerous vital functions. Having a surface area of average approximately 2 m2 in adults, the skin has a very major role as a protective and sense organ. The task of this organ is to mediate and provide defense against mechanical, thermal, actinic, chemical and biological stimuli. The skin accordingly also protects the human body inter alia from the harmful action of the ultraviolet part of solar radiation, but despite its own protective mechanisms is itself also damaged by this ultraviolet radiation.
Excessive UV-B radiation (radiation in the range between 290 nm and 320 nm) may, for example, lead to erythema, simple sunburn or indeed to skin burns of greater or less severity. Sunlight has its maximum erythemic action in the range around 308 nm.
While it was originally assumed that the longer-wave UV-A radiation with a wavelength of between 320 nm and 400 nm had only a negligible biological action, numerous studies have now demonstrated that UV-A radiation is far more dangerous than UV-B radiation with regard to triggering photodynamic, specifically phototoxic responses and chronic changes in the skin.
Furthermore, the harmful influence of UV-B radiation may be further boosted by UV-A radiation.
For instance, it has been found that even UV-A radiation under entirely normal everyday conditions is sufficient to damage the collagen and elastin fibres, which are of great significance to the structure and strength of the skin, within a short time. This results in chronic light-dependent skin changes, the skin “ageing” prematurely. Clinical manifestations of light-aged skin include, for example, lines and wrinkles and an irregular, furrowed relief. Areas of skin affected by light-dependent skin ageing may also exhibit irregular pigmentation. Brown spots, keratoses and even carcinomas or malignant melanomas may also form.
Skin prematurely aged by everyday UV exposure is moreover distinguished by lower activity of the Langerhans cells and chronic, low-level inflammation.
Some 90% of the ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth consists of UV-A rays. While UV-B radiation varies greatly as a function of numerous factors (for example season, time of day or latitude), UV-A radiation remains relatively constant irrespective of factors governed by season, time of day or geography. At the same time, the majority of UV-A radiation penetrates into the living epidermis, whereas approximately 70% of the UV-B rays are absorbed by the stratum corneum.
Cosmetic photoprotective compositions are used to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation. These cosmetic photoprotective compositions include at least one, but generally a combination of UV filter substances.
The UV filter substances are substances which assume liquid or crystalline form at room temperature and which are capable of absorbing ultraviolet rays and releasing the absorbed energy again in the form of longer-wave radiation, for example heat. A distinction is drawn between UV-A filters and UV-B filters, depending on the wavelength range in which the absorption maximum of the filter is located.
It is often very difficult to incorporate organic UV filters into cosmetic carriers in the quantities required for a high sun protection factor in such a manner that compositions which have long-term stability and pleasant, in particular non-tacky, properties are obtained.
The problem addressed by the present invention was accordingly that of providing photoprotective compositions which include at least one organic UV filter, assume storage-stable form, thus are both chemically and physically stable, and are distinguished by good cosmetic properties, in particular low tackiness and good skin compatibility.
German patent application DE 199 19 630 Al describes sunscreen preparations which, in addition to further components, include polyglycerol fatty acid esters and organic UV filters.
Furthermore, other desirable features and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description of the invention and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background of the invention.
A cosmetic composition in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion includes at least one monoglycerol fatty acid ester A, at least one first polyglycerol difatty acid ester B, at least one second polyglycerol difatty acid ester C which differs from the first polyglycerol difatty acid ester B, at least one fatty acid ester of the general formula (I)
the residues R1 and R2 mutually independently denoting a saturated or unsaturated alkyl residue with 16 to 26 carbon atoms, and at least one organic UV filter.
A combination that includes at least one monoglycerol fatty acid ester A, at least one first polyglycerol difatty acid ester B, at least one second polyglycerol difatty acid ester C which differs from the first polyglycerol difatty acid ester, and at least one fatty acid ester of the general formula (I)
the residues R1 and R2 mutually independently denoting a saturated or unsaturated alkyl residue with 16 to 26 carbon atoms, is used for improving the storage stability of a cosmetic composition including at least one UV filter; improving the UV-protective action of a cosmetic composition including at least one UV filter; improving the absorbability of a cosmetic composition including at least one UV filter; and improving the spreadability and reducing the tackiness of a cosmetic composition including at least one UV filter.
The following detailed description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the invention or the application and uses of the invention. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding background of the invention or the following detailed description of the invention.
It has now surprisingly been found that cosmetic photoprotective compositions which, in addition to an organic UV filter, furthermore include a combination of four specific fatty acid esters solve the above-stated problems. Cosmetic compositions on the basis of these combinations are distinguished from conventional prior art compositions by good cosmetic compatibility, good application properties and low tackiness and are furthermore also physically and chemically stable at elevated temperatures over an extended period.
Physical stability here denotes the stability of the rheological properties of the cosmetic composition and the stability thereof against phase separation, including stability against settling of suspended solids.
Chemical stability denotes stability against chemical transformation or decomposition, as may be verified for example by activity testing of the cosmetically active substances d).
The present invention provides:
The present invention firstly provides a cosmetic composition in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion including:
The cosmetic compositions according to the invention assume the form of an oil-in-water emulsion and thus include an aqueous fraction. The composition according to the invention is preferably viscous-liquid. Preferred cosmetic compositions are characterized by a water content, relative to the total weight thereof, of 30 to 82 wt. %, preferably 35 to 75 wt. %, in particular 45 to 60 wt. %.
In addition to water, the compositions according to the invention may furthermore contain, relative to the total weight thereof, 1 to 15 wt. %, preferably 2 to 12 and in particular 3 to 10 wt. % of at least one alcohol. Preferred alcohols are glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, glycerol, 1,2-butylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, pentylene glycols, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, diglycerol, triglycerol, erythritol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol and mixtures of the above-stated substances. The compositions according to the invention more preferably include glycerol as the alcohol.
The cosmetic compositions include at least one monoglycerol fatty acid ester A as the first essential component thereof.
Suitable fatty acids are in particular C16-22 carboxylic acids, preferably saturated, linear C16-22 carboxylic acids. The monoglycerol fatty acid ester A is more preferentially selected from the group of mono-, di- or triesters of glycerol with behenic acid. One exemplary monoglycerol fatty acid ester A which is particularly advantageous with regard to the action thereof is a mixture of mono-, di- and triglycerides of behenic acid. Mixtures including 10 to 25 wt. % monoglyceryl behenate, 40 to 65 wt. % diglyceryl behenate and 25 to 50 wt. % triglyceryl behenate are particularly preferred.
The monoglycerol fatty acid ester A is more preferentially selected from the group of compounds with the INCI name Glyceryl Behenate. One suitable ester is obtainable under the trade name Compritol® 888 CG (from Gattefosse).
The proportion by weight of the monoglycerol fatty acid ester A in the total weight of cosmetic compositions preferably amounts to from 0.01 to 6.0 wt. %, preferably from 0.1 to 4.0 wt. % and in particular from 0.5 to 2.0 wt. %.
The polyglycerol difatty acid ester B is a further essential component of the cosmetic compositions.
Examples of polyglycerol difatty acid esters B are Polyglyceryl-2 Diisostearate, Polyglyceryl-2 Dioleate, Polyglyceryl-2 Dipolyhydroxystearate, Polyglyceryl-2 Distearate, Polyglyceryl-3 Dicaprate, Polyglyceryl-3 Dicocoate, Polyglyceryl-3 Di-Hydroxystearate, Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate, Polyglyceryl-3 Dioleate or Polyglyceryl-3 Distearate.
Preferred polyglycerol difatty acid esters B are selected from the group of di-, tri- or tetraglycerol difatty acid esters, preferably from the group of triglycerol difatty acid esters.
Thanks to the cosmetic and technical action thereof, preferred polyglycerol difatty acid esters B are those from the group of triglycerol difatty acid esters of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids with 16 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from the group of triglycerol difatty acid esters of fatty acids from the group palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, cerotic acid and melissic acid.
Examples of polyglycerol difatty acid esters B are Polyglyceryl-2 Dipalmitate, Polyglyceryl-2 Dipalmitoleate, Polyglyceryl-2 Dioleate, Polyglyceryl-2 Dicerotinate, Polyglyceryl-2 Dimelissinate, Polyglyceryl-3 Dipalmitate, Polyglyceryl-3 Dipalmitoleate, Polyglyceryl-3 Dioleate, Polyglyceryl-3 Dicerotinate, Polyglyceryl-3 Dimelissinate, Polyglyceryl-4 Dipalmitate, Polyglyceryl-4 Dipalmitoleate, Polyglyceryl-4 Dioleate, Polyglyceryl-4 Dicerotinate and Polyglyceryl-4 Dimelissinate. Polyglyceryl-3 Dipalmitate, Polyglyceryl-3 Dicerotinate and Polyglyceryl-3 Dimelissinate are more preferred.
Palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, cerotic acid and melissic acid are components of beeswax and the above-stated polyglycerol difatty acid esters can be produced inter alia by reacting polyglycerol with the free acids of beeswax. More preferred polyglycerol difatty acid esters B are selected from the group of compounds with the INCI name PEG-3 Beeswax.
The proportion by weight of the polyglycerol difatty acid ester B in the total weight of the cosmetic compositions is preferably from 0.05 to 3.0 wt. %, preferably from 0.1 to 2.0 wt. % and in particular from 0.2 to 1.5 wt. %.
The cosmetic compositions include a second polyglycerol difatty acid ester C which differs from the first polyglycerol difatty acid ester B as the third essential component thereof.
Examples of polyglycerol difatty acid esters C are Polyglyceryl-4 Dilaurate, Polyglyceryl-5 Dilaurate, Polyglyceryl-5 Dioleate, Polyglyceryl-6 Dicaprate, Polyglyceryl-6 Diisostearate, Polyglyceryl-6 Dioleate, Polyglyceryl-6 Dipalmitate, Polyglyceryl-6 Distearate, Polyglyceryl-10 Didecanoate, Polyglyceryl-10 Diisostearate, Polyglyceryl-10 Dilaurate, Polyglyceryl-10 Dimyristate, Polyglyceryl-10 Dioleate, Polyglyceryl-10 Dipalmitate, Polyglyceryl-10 Distearate.
Thanks to the advantageous cosmetic and technical action, the second polyglycerol difatty acid ester C is preferably selected from the group of penta-, hexa- or heptaglycerol difatty acid esters, preferably from the group of hexaglycerol difatty acid esters.
Thanks to the cosmetic and technical action thereof, preferred polyglycerol difatty acid esters C are those from the group of hexaglycerol difatty acid esters of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids with 16 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from the group of hexaglycerol difatty acid esters of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids with 16 to 24 carbon atoms and in particular from the group of hexaglycerol difatty acid esters of stearic acid.
More preferred polyglycerol difatty acid esters C are selected from the group of compounds with the INCI name PEG-6 Distearate.
The proportion by weight of the polyglycerol difatty acid ester C in the total weight of the compositions preferably amounts to from 0.2 to 8.0 wt. %, preferably from 0.4 to 6.0 wt. % and in particular from 0.6 to 4.0 wt. %.
The fatty acid ester of the general formula (I) is a further essential component of the cosmetic compositions. Thanks to the cosmetic and technical advantages thereof, preferred fatty acid esters are those in which the residues R1 and R2 in the general formula (I) mutually independently denote an unsaturated alkyl residue with 16 to 26 carbon atoms, preferably an unsaturated alkyl residue with 18 to 24 carbon atoms.
More preferred fatty acid esters of the general formula (I) are from the group of compounds with the INCI name Jojoba Esters.
Preferably, the proportion by weight of the fatty acid ester of the general formula (I) in the total weight of the compositions amounts to 0.05 to 3.0 wt. %, preferably from 0.1 to 2.0 wt. % and in particular from 0.2 to 1.5 wt. %.
Thanks to the advantageous cosmetic action and the high chemical as well as physical storage stability, it is more preferred to use mixtures of polyglycerol difatty acid esters B, polyglycerol difatty acid esters C and fatty acid esters of the general formula (I) which include, relative to the total weight of the mixture
In summary, preferred cosmetic compositions are those in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion including:
In a preferred embodiment, the cosmetic compositions furthermore include as optional component a linear fatty alcohol, preferably a linear fatty alcohol with 14 to 18 carbon atoms, in particular a linear fatty alcohol with 16 carbon atoms.
Relative to the total weight of the compositions, the proportion by weight of the linear fatty alcohol preferably amounts to 0.01 to 5.0 wt. %, preferably from 0.05 to 3.0 wt. % and in particular from 0.1 to 1.0 wt. %.
The compositions include at least one organic UV filter as cosmetic active substance.
Through the addition of a UV filter, both the agents themselves and the treated fibres may be protected from the harmful effects of UV radiation. At least one UV filter is accordingly preferably added to the agent. Suitable UV filters are not subject to any general restrictions with regard to structure and physical properties. Rather, any UV filters usable in the field of cosmetics whose absorption maximum is in the UVA (315-400 nm), the UVB (280-315 nm) or the UVC (<280 nm) range are suitable. UV filters with an absorption maximum in the UVB range, in particular in the range from approximately 280 to approximately 300 nm, are more preferred.
Examples of UV filters usable according to the invention are 4-aminobenzoic acid, N,N,N-trimethyl-4-(2-oxoborn-3-ylidenemethyl)aniline methyl sulfate, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate (Homosalate), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (Benzophenone-3; Uvinul®M 40, Uvasorb®MET, Neo Heliopan®BB, Eusolex®4360), 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and the potassium, sodium and triethanolamine salts thereof, (Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid; Parsol®HS; Neo Heliopan® Hydro), 3,3′-(1,4-phenylenedimethylene)-bis(7,7-dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo-[2.2.1]hept-1-ylmethanesulfonic acid) and the salts thereof, 1-(4-tert.-butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-dione (Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane; Parsol®1789, Eusolex®9020), α-(2-oxoborn-3-ylidene)-toluene-4-sulfonic acid and the salts thereof, ethoxylated 4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (PEG-25 PABA; Uvinul®P 25), 4-dimethylaminobenzoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (Octyl Dimethyl PABA; Uvasorb®DMO, Escalol®507, Eusolex®6007), salicylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (Octyl Salicylate; Escalol®587, Neo Heliopan®OS, Uvinul®O18), 4-methoxycinnamic acid isopentyl ester (Isoamyl p-Methoxycinnamate; Neo Heliopan®E 1000), 4-methoxycinnamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (Octyl Methoxycinnamate; Parsol®MCX, Escalol®557, Neo Heliopan®AV), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and the sodium salt thereof (Benzophenone-4; Uvinul®MS 40; Uvasorb®S 5), 3-(4′-methylbenzylidene)-D,L-camphor (4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor; Parsol®5000, Eusolex®6300), 3-benzylidenecamphor (3-Benzylidene Camphor), 4-isopropylbenzyl salicylate 2,4,6-trianilino-(p-carbo-2′-ethylhexyl-1′-oxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 3-imidazol-4-ylacrylic acid and the ethyl esters thereof, polymers of N-{(2 and 4)-[2-oxoborn-3-ylidenemethyl]benzyl}-acrylamide, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (Benzophenone-1; Uvasorb®20 H, Uvinul®400), 1,1′-diphenylacrylonitrile acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (Octocrylene; Eusolex®OCR, Neo Heliopan®Type 303, Uvinul®N 539 SG), o-aminobenzoic acid menthyl ester (Menthyl Anthranilate; Neo Heliopan®MA), 2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (Benzophenone-2; Uvinul®D-50), 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone (Benzophenone-6), 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzo-phenone-5-sodium sulfonate, 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylic acid-2′-ethylhexyl ester and phenylene-1,4-bis-(2-benzimidazole)-3,3′-5,5′-tetrasulfonic acid-bis-sodium salt (Disodium Phenyl Dibenzimidazole Tetrasulfonate, Neo Heliopan® AP).
UV filters which are preferred according to the invention are substituted dibenzoylmethanes, diphenylacrylic acid esters, salicylic acid esters and benzimidazoles.
More preferred organic UV filters are
It goes without saying that combinations of organic UV filters may also be used in the cosmetic compositions according to the invention. Preferred combinations of UV filters here in particular include the UV filters previously described as more preferred. Thanks to their excellent physical stability, the cosmetic compositions according to the invention are particularly well suited for formulating a plurality of organic UV filters.
It is more preferred for the organic UV filter to include at least two, preferably at least three and in particular at least four organic UV filters from the group 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and the salts thereof, 1-(4-tert.-butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione, 1,1′-diphenyl-acrylonitrile acid 2-ethylhexyl ester and phenylene-1,4-bis-(2-benzimidazole)-3,3′-5,5′-tetrasulfonic acid and the salts thereof.
The proportion by weight of the organic UV filters in the total weight of the compositions preferably amounts to from 1.0 to 35 wt. %, preferably from 2.0 to 30 wt. % and in particular from 5.0 to 25 wt. %.
In summary, preferred cosmetic compositions are those in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion including:
The compositions according to the invention include a linear alkane with 11 to 18 carbon atom as a further preferred optional component. Preferred linear alkanes are those which include 11 to 13 carbon atoms, it being more preferred for the linear alkane to include 11 and/or 13 carbon atoms.
The use of mixtures of undecane and tridecane is more preferred. The use of mixtures of undecane and tridecane is more preferred, in which the two linear alkanes are present in a weight ratio of 4:1 to 1:1, in particular of 3:1 to 1:1. Corresponding mixtures of substances are for example obtainable under the trade name Cetiol Ultimate.
Not only does the addition of the linear alkanes improve the storage stability of the cosmetic compositions, but addition of the above-described alkanes also improves the solubility of oil-soluble UV filters, improves the spreadability of the composition on the skin, reduces the tackiness of the composition and improves skin feel once the composition has been applied to the skin.
Cosmetic compositions in which the linear alkane is present, relative to the total weight of the compositions, in quantities of 0.1 to 10 wt. %, preferably of 0.2 to 7.0 wt. % and in particular of 0.5 to 5.0 wt. % are preferred.
In summary, preferred cosmetic compositions are those in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion including:
In order to establish a suitable viscosity and to further improve storage stability, preferred cosmetic compositions furthermore contain
The hydrophobically modified (meth)acrylic acid copolymers used are preferably copolymers which are attributable to
Preferred copolymers are based on at least one first monomer from the group acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, C1-C6 alkyl acrylic acid esters and C1-C6 alkyl methacrylic acid esters. The acrylic acid esters and methacrylic acid esters are preferably esters of the respective acids with non-tertiary alkyl alcohols having alkyl residues with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Suitable monomers which may be mentioned by way of example are ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, 2-methylbutyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, isononyl acrylate and isodecyl acrylate.
The group of hydrophobically modified second monomers denotes monomers which have a hydrophobic substructure. Preferred monomers may in turn be attributable to the following two structural units:
C10-30 alkyl acrylates, C10-30 alkyl PEG acrylates, C10-30 alkyl PEG methacrylates or C10-30 alkyl PEG itaconates are, for example, used as the second monomer. Preferred monomers are selected from C10-30 alkyl acrylates, C10-30 alkyl PEG 20-25 acrylates, C10-30 alkyl PEG 20-25 methacrylates or C10-30 alkyl PEG 20-25 itaconates. More preferred monomers are selected from the group of C10-30 alkyl acrylates, Steareth-20 methacrylates, Beheneth-25 methacrylates, Steareth-20 itaconates, Ceteth-20 itaconates, Palmeth-25 acrylates or C10-30 alkyl PEG-20 itaconates.
In summary, preferred hydrophobically modified (meth)acrylic acid copolymers are those which are attributable to
More preferred hydrophobically modified (meth)acrylic acid copolymers are selected from the group of compounds with the INCI name Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, as are for example obtainable under the trade names Carbopol ETD 2020, Ultrez 21 or Pemulen TR1.
The proportion by weight of the hydrophobically modified (meth)acrylic acid copolymer in the total weight of the composition preferably amounts to from 0.05 to 2.0 wt. %, preferably from 0.1 to 1.2 wt. % and in particular 0.2 to 0.8 wt. %.
Preferably used copolymers of 2-methyl-2[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid are those copolymers which are attributable to
Crosslinked copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and 2-methyl-2[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)-amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid are for example obtainable by copolymerizing the two monomers in the presence of ammonium hydroxide and a crosslinking agent. Crosslinking may proceed with the assistance of olefinically polyunsaturated compounds, for example divinylbenzene, tetraallyloxyethane, methylenebisacrylamide, diallyl ether, polyallyl polyglyceryl ether or allyl ethers of sugars or sugar derivatives such as erythritol, pentaerythritol, arabitol, mannitol, sorbitol, sucrose or glucose. Methylenebisacrylamide is a preferred crosslinking agent.
One particularly suitable copolymer is the commercial product Aristoflex® AVC (from Clariant) which, as the ammonium salt, assumes the form of a white powder.
The copolymer of 2-methyl-2[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid is preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in quantities of 0.05 to 3.0 wt. %, preferably of 0.1 to 2.0 wt. % and in particular of 0.2 to 1.5 wt. %.
The following tables show the composition of some preferred cosmetic compositions (values stated in wt. % relative to the total weight of the cosmetic composition unless otherwise stated).
As explained above, a combination of components a), b), c) and d) is particularly suitable for improving both the physical and the chemical stability of cosmetic UV screening agents. The present application also provides the use of a combination that includes
The present invention thirdly and finally provides a method for cosmetic skin care, in which a cosmetic composition according to the invention is applied onto the skin, in particular the facial skin.
The statements made regarding the cosmetic agents according to the invention apply mutatis mutandis to the use according to the invention and to the cosmetic method according to the invention.
While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing detailed description of the invention, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the invention in any way. Rather, the foregoing detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment of the invention, it being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims and their legal equivalents.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2015 219 715.8 | Oct 2015 | DE | national |
