1. Field
Embodiments of the disclosure relate generally to the field of read-out integrated circuits (ROIC) for infrared sensors and more particularly to embodiments for an infrared imaging camera system that provides super resolution image data using a multiple windowing focal plane array readout integrated circuit (ROIC) that permits a selected number of small, two-dimensional image portions to be read off of the focal plane array (FPA) at high rates with sub-pixel motion of imagery for dithering of the data in a super resolution processor.
2. Background
Infrared detection and imaging systems are being employed to sense temperature differences to create scenes displaying various objects. Current imagers provide exceptional acuity for scene reproduction. To maintain desired frame rates lower resolution in output from the imaging array is often required. However, certain features of interest in an image may require super resolution for adequate display. Current resolution enhancement systems require operation on the pixels of the entire array significantly reducing frame rate capability for display.
It is therefore desirable to provide arrays with ROICs which allow super resolution processing on only selected portions of the array to maintain high frame rates for the overall image.
Exemplary embodiments provide a method for super resolution enhancement of infrared imaging data employing an image array having simultaneous, high speed, randomly addressable windows of pixels for small regions of interest (ROI) within a large imaging sensor field of view. Data is retrieved from the ROI window pixels at an increased data rate and the array is dithered to produce sub-pixel motion consistent with the increased data rate. A selected super resolution (SR) algorithm is then applied to the data retrieved from the ROI window pixels at the increased data rate.
In exemplary embodiments, the output from the super resolution (SR) algorithm is either used to replace the low resolution (LR) frame data in the image or is displayed as a separate image to the user. Dithering may be accomplished with mechanical or optical dithering and processing of the SR algorithm may be accomplished in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a computer, or a computational neural network (CNN) computer. In many cases, the natural motion of the camera produces enough dithering to satisfy the requirements of this method.
The features, functions, and advantages that have been discussed can be achieved independently in various embodiments of the present invention or may be combined in yet other embodiments further details of which can be seen with reference to the following description and drawings
The embodiments described herein provide a “tiled” ROIC architecture that permits data from user-selected small, two-dimensional image portions in windowed pixels to be read off of the focal plane array (FPA) at high rates while data from the entire array is processed at a frame rate for lower resolution (LR) data. The image data from the selected windowed pixels is then provided to a near-FPA field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other processor for evaluation using a super resolution (SR) processing algorithm. Active mechanical or optical dithering of the infrared imaging array for the purpose of producing sub-pixel motion is exploited in the processing algorithm to create SR imaging of the selected windowed portions of the array.
An exemplary imagine array structure which provides for the windowing capability to access particular ROIs is shown in
The native pixels 20 creating the 32×32 pixel tiles for an example embodiment are 27×27 um pixels in a 763×512 array providing 393,000 pixels.
In addition to addressability of individual tiles by the ADCs 16, 1×1, 2×2 and 4×4 “in tile” spatial binning is supported by the ROIC resulting in operating modes that either (a) produce extremely high frame rates or (b) produce very low output data bandwidth for the device.
Data from the pixels in the selected window for the ROI is read off the FPA at high rates relative to the overall frame rate for FPA as a whole which produces the normal low resolution (LR) scene data. In the example embodiment, the 32×32 fixed window size is read at 73,000 frames/second with the ADCs 16 receiving input from 8 channels of voltage differential amplifiers 15 for analog video at 10 M pixels/sec.
Active mechanical or optical dithering is imposed on the FPA to produce sub-pixel motion consistent with the high rate readout for the windowed pixels. The data received is then operated on using a super resolution algorithm such as the method of Projection onto Convex Sets (POCS), the Method of Irani and Peleg or Method of Total Variation Inpainting, as examples, which may be implemented in the processor 18 or a separate digital computing device such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) 27. As shown in
The SR enhancement for the images shown in
To demonstrate the SR algorithm operation,
The POCS algorithms rely on an iterative procedure for continually refining the SR result by successively propagating high frequency corrections onto the SR image. For the exemplary images of
The windowing capability as described with respect to
Having now described various embodiments of the invention in detail as required by the patent statutes, those skilled in the art will recognize modifications and substitutions to the specific embodiments disclosed herein. Such modifications are within the scope and intent of the present invention as defined in the following claims.
This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61410652 filed on Nov. 5, 2010 entitled SUPER RESOLUTION INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEM BACKGROUND INFORMATION the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference as though fully set forth.
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61410652 | Nov 2010 | US |