DRAWING FIGURES
FIG. 1 shows an enlarged section of either a nanofluid-circuit or a colloidal charged-particle circuit as part of the larger circuits.
FIG. 2 shows a nanofluid-circuit or a colloidal charged-particle circuit along with the means for adding or extracting energy into or from the circuits, respectively. Also shown is a means for energizing or providing electric charges to the nanoparticles in a colloidal charged-particle circuit.
DRAWINGS—REFERENCE NUMERALS
1. nanoparticle
2. dispersing medium
3. container
4. colloidal charged-particle circuit or nanofluid-circuit
5. means for adding energy to a colloidal charged-particle circuit or a nanofluid-circuit
6. means for extracting energy from a colloidal charged-particle circuit or a nanofluid-circuit
7. means for energizing highly-charged, mutually-repulsive particles
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES
FIG. 1 illustrates a section of a nanofluid-circuit that is comprised of a nanofluid that exhibits both high thermal conductivity (as disclosed in the patent specifications of Choi et al. and Withers et al.) and possibly high electrical conductivity, such as carbon nanotubes or copper nanocrystalline particles dispersed in a glycol mixture, where the particles dispersed in the nanofluid are by nature, electrically-charged due to their ionic characteristics and dipolar attributes, and that may or may not exhibit a zeta potential and a diffuse double-layer. Or, it could also illustrate a section of a colloidal charged-particle circuit comprised of a great multitude of highly-charged, mutually-repulsive conductive particles, such as copper microspheres or carbon nanotubes, that have been given an electrical charge “artificially” or in a way where the electric-charge would not occur naturally, and are dispersed in a gaseous, liquid, or solid dispersing medium. Both types of circuit are designed for exploiting the characteristics of continuous, phased lattice-vibrations known as a phased ballistic phonon. A phased ballistic phonon by definition is a continuous particle-to-particle vibration through a lattice-arrangement of particles due to the interaction of the electric-fields of the particles or the electron-clouds of the atoms of the particles, which are arranged in a lattice structure inside a dispersing medium, where the particles are of any size, shape, or type of matter, and where the particles have a similar electric charge and are mutually-repulsive. The phased ballistic phonon has both frequency and wavelength aspects that depend on physical parameters of the container holding the nanofluid or other type of colloid, the concentration of particles in the dispersing medium, the size or shape of the dispersed particles, and the material type and composition of the dispersed particles. However, the “cycle” of the phased ballistic phonon does not include a change of flow-direction. The flow is always in the same direction in a nanofluid-circuit or a colloidal charged-particle circuit as described herein. FIG. 2 shows a nanofluid-circuit or a colloidal charged-particle circuit comprised of sections of the circuit (shown in FIG. 1) either comprised of a nanofluid that exhibits high thermal conductivity, such as carbon nanotubes dispersed in a glycol mixture, or else of sections of circuit (also shown in FIG. 1) of a colloidal-system comprised of a great multitude of conductive particles, such as copper microspheres or carbon nanotubes, dispersed in a solid, liquid, or gaseous dispersing medium. Also shown in FIG. 2 is a means for adding electric energy to the nanofluid-circuit or the colloidal charged-particle circuit and a means for extracting electric energy from the circuits Another means is added for energizing the highly-charged, mutually-repulsive nanoparticles in a colloidal charged-particle circuit.
Operation
In FIG. 1, a section of a nanofluid-circuit 4 is shown in a static condition where the nanoparticles 1 have arranged into a lattice structure in the dispersing medium 2 inside the container 3 due to the mutually-repulsive effect of their ionic characteristics, dipolar attributes, or some interaction due to a zeta potential and a diffuse double-layer of each nanoparticle 1 (or the electron-clouds of atoms in the nanoparticles). Any slight motion of any nanoparticle 1 in the nanofluid-circuit 4 will cause an almost lossless impulse, whether electrical or physical in nature, to travel around and through the nanofluid-circuit 4 as the electric fields of the nanoparticles 1 in the nanofluid-circuit 4 interact. FIG. 1 can also illustrate a section of a colloidal charged-particle circuit 4 that is in a static condition where the highly-charged, mutually-repulsive nanoparticles 1 have arranged into a lattice structure in the dispersing medium 2 in the container 3. Any slight motion of any nanoparticle 1 in the colloidal charged-particle circuit 4 will cause a motion, vibration, or phased ballistic phonon moving, vibrating, or flowing from nanoparticle-to-nanoparticle or through a stream of electron-clouds in the atoms comprising the nanoparticles, to travel around and through the charged-particle circuit 4 as the electric fields of the nanoparticles 1 in the charged-particle circuit 4 interact.
In FIG. 2, a means for adding energy to a nanofluid-circuit or a colloidal charged-particle circuit 5 is shown. The means for adding energy 5 is comprised of components capable of inducing an electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic disruption or field into the nanofluid-circuit 4 or the colloidal charged-particle circuit 4 causing an impulse, vibration, or what is termed as a phased ballistic phonon, to travel around and through the nanoparticle circuit 4 or the colloidal charged-particle circuit 4 for relatively long periods of time with negligible losses. A means for extracting energy from a nanofluid-circuit or a colloidal charged-particle circuit 6 is also shown. The means for extracting energy 6 is comprised of components capable of interacting electrically, magnetically, or electromagnetically with the nanoparticles 1 in the nanofluid-circuit 4 or the colloidal charged-particle circuit 4 when an impulse, vibration, or what is termed as a phased ballistic phonon, is moving from nanoparticle-to-nanoparticle with negligible losses in either type of circuit. Also shown in FIG. 2 is a means for energizing highly-charged, mutually-repulsive particles 7 that is comprised of components capable of electrical charges for “artificially” energizing the nanoparticles 1 in a colloidal charged-particle circuit 4.
CONCLUSIONS, RAMIFICATIONS, AND SCOPE
Accordingly, the reader will see the nanofluid-circuit and the colloidal charged-particle circuit both can provide an electrical path for an electric current with minimal or zero electrical resistance. It should be emphasized that the main difference between a nanofluid-circuit and a colloidal charged-particle circuit is that the nanoparticles in a nanofluid-circuit acquire a “natural” electric charge through some charge-producing mechanism inherent in the nanofluid or in nature. The nanoparticles in a colloidal charged-particle circuit, on the other hand, acquire an electric charge that is “artificially” induced by some man-made charge-producing mechanism that otherwise is not present or inherent in the nanofluid. Moreover, anomalous high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity in a nanofluid-circuit can also be the result of a motion, vibration, or a phased ballistic phonon moving, flowing or vibrating somehow through and between the natural atomic electron-clouds or electron-shells of the atoms comprising the nanoparticles in the nanofluid, rather than simply from charged-particle to charged-particle in the nanofluid. And of course, the same mechanism can act as a central or complementary mechanism for electric-charge and heat transfer in the colloid comprising the colloidal charged-particle circuit. Strong electromagnets can be created requiring a minimal amount of electric energy—especially if the container that contains the nanofluid or colloid is in the form of a coil, and electric energy can be stored for long periods of time with few losses. Furthermore, nanofluid-circuits and colloidal charged-particle circuits also provide the additional advantages of:
- 1. permitting the making of efficient electric generators;
- 2. permitting the making of very powerful electric motors;
- 3. allowing electric power to be transmitted long distances with negligible losses;
- 4. allowing our country to be less dependent on foreign oil;
- 5. increasing the national security of our country.
Although the description above contains much specificity, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but as merely providing illustrations of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. There are many conceivable embodiments of the present invention that have not been illustrated, but which will surely become obvious to a person skilled in the art, and which will undoubtedly be encompassed by the present invention. Thus, the scope of this invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the examples given.
Patent Application
20080085834
