Patent Application
20160346877
The present invention relates to a welding material and a method for manufacturing the same, and particularly to a gas shielded welding material and a method for manufacturing the same.
With the development of high parameter, large scale and light weight requirements on modern mechanized equipment, using a steel with a strength grade of not less than 80 kg grade also becomes the first choice in many manufacturing industries in China.
Examples are cranes and concrete pump trucks in the field of engineering machinery manufactures, and also coal machine hydraulic supports in the field of mining machinery manufactures, or water and electricity pressure steel pipes in the field of hydropower industry industries. Moreover, there is a large demand of steels having a higher strength grade in all manufacture fields related to harbour machinery, ocean structures, passenger and cargo vehicles, special vehicles etc. In addition, since argon gas-enriched shielded welding is an efficient, low-cost and reliable automatic or semiautomatic welding method, such a gas shielded welding method can be widely used in all of the above-mentioned manufacture fields.
Welding materials used for steels having a strength grade of 80 kg or greater generally all contain a certain content of main alloying elements, but no microalloy elements, such that the carbon equivalent of a weld metal formed by such a welding material will be higher; accordingly, the crack resistance of the weld metal will be poorer, and the costs will also be relatively higher. In order to provide the convenience of steel material processing for downstream end users, such as processing steps of material blanking, cutting, welding manufacture, bend forming etc., the strength of a steel having a high strength in the prior art can be improved by low alloying or microalloying. However, with the improvement of the tensile strength, the low temperature impact toughness of a superhigh strength welding material will be greatly decreased, and in order to enable that the superhigh strength welding material also has good strength and toughness properties, a content of not less than 2% of Ni will be generally added, which thus will results in a significant increase of costs of the welding material.
A Chinese patent document with a publication number CN 101905390 A, published on 8 Dec. 2010, entitled “GAS-PROTECTION WELDING WIRE WITH LOW ALLOY AND HIGH STRENGTH” relates to a gas-protection welding wire with a low alloy and a high strength, the contents of chemical components of the welding wire by mass in percentage being: C: 006-0.12%, Si: 0.30-0.60%, Mn: 1.40-2.00%, P≦0.025%, S≦0.015%, Cr: 0.30-0.70%, Ni: 1.0-1.6%, W: 0.28-0.5%, Cu: 0.25-0.50%, Re: 0.05-0.15%, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. Expensive W and microalloy element Re are added into the shielded welding wire involved in the Chinese patent document.
A Chinese patent document with a publication number CN 101234457 A, published on 6 Aug. 2008, entitled “HIGH-STRENGTH HIGH DUCTILITY GAS PROTECTING WELDING STICK” discloses a gas shielded welding wire with a high strength and high toughness. The chemical composition (in percentage by mass, wt. %) of the welding wire is: C: 0.04-0.10, Si: 0.30-0.80, Mn: 1.30-2.0, Ni: 0.40-0.89, Cr: 0.20-0.50, Mo: 0.20-0.60, Cu: 0.56-0.80, Ti: 0.05-0.20, B: 0.002-0.010, P≦0.020, S≦0.015, ALS≦0.03, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. A large amount of element Cu is added into the gas shielded welding wires disclosed in the Chinese patent documents mentioned above.
A Chinese patent document with a publication number CN 101439446 A, published on 27 May 2009, entitled “HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL HIGH-DUCTILITY GAS SHIELDED WELDING WIRE” relates to a high-strength steel high-ductility gas shielded welding wire, with the chemical composition (in percentage by mass, wt. %) comprising: C: 0.05-0.13, Mn: 1.4-1.9, Si: 0.4-0.8, Cr: 0.4-0.8, Ni: 1.5-1.8, Mo: 0.3-0.8, Ti: 0.06-0.25, Cu: 0-0.60, S≦0.025, P≦0.025, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurity elements. The microalloying action of Ti alone is used in the Chinese patent document.
It can be seen from the technical solutions disclosed in the above-mentioned Chinese patent documents that the high strength of a high strength welding material is mainly derived from a certain amount of hardenability alloying elements (such as, elements C, Cr, Mo, W, Ni, Cu and the like), thus improving the strength of the weld metal.
An object of the present invention lies in providing a superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire having a low alloy content and a low carbon equivalent, and a weld metal formed by welding with the welding wire has all of a higher strength, a greater low-temperature toughness and a better plasticity, with a good compatibility between the three properties. Moreover, the weld metal formed by welding using the welding wire further has a good crack resistance and a good welding property.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire, the contents of chemical elements of the superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire in percentage by mass being:
C 0.06-0.12%, Si 0.55-0.80%, Mn 1.60-1.95%, 0<Cu≦0.20%, Cr 0.10-0.35%, Mo 0.10-0.50%, Ni 1.00-1.60%, Ti 0.01-0.20%, B 0.0005-0.0060%, and the balance being Fe and other inevitable impurities.
The inevitable impurities in this technical solution further comprise elements Al, O, N and H in addition to elements P and S. As inevitable impurity elements, the lower the content of these impurity elements, the better. In the superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire, both phosphorus and sulphur are adverse to the plasticity and toughness properties of the weld metal, and therefore their contents needs to be stringently controlled, wherein in the technical solution of the present invention, the content of phosphorus can be controlled at ≦0.015 wt. %, and the content of sulphur can be controlled at ≦0.010 wt. %. In addition, in order to reduce the production of inclusions, improve the plasticity and toughness of the weld metal, and improve the cleanliness of the weld metal, it can be controlled to be Al≦0.02 wt. %. Moreover, in order to improve the toughness of the weld metal, it can be controlled to be 0≦0.005 wt. %, N≦0.006 wt. % and H≦0.0002 wt. %.
The design principle of various chemical elements in the superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire of the present invention is as follows:
Preferably, the content of carbon in the welding wire can be controlled at 0.06-0.10 wt. %.
Preferably, the content of silicon in the welding wire in percentage by mass can be further set as 0.55-0.75%.
More preferably, the content of element manganese is controlled at 1.70-1.90 wt. %.
Preferably, the content of copper in percentage by mass can be 0<Cu≦0.15%.
Preferably, the chromium content in the above-mentioned technical solution can be further controlled at 0.10-0.30 wt. %.
Preferably, the content of molybdenum can be further controlled to be 0.20-0.50 wt. %.
As a more preferred setting range, the nickel content can be controlled at 1.20-1.60 wt. %.
Preferably, the content of titanium can be controlled at 0.03-0.15 wt. %.
Preferably, the content of boron can be controlled at 0.0015-0.0050 wt. %.
As compared to the prior art, the superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire of the present invention contains no microalloy elements such as W and Re. In addition, the addition amount of alloying elements in the welding wire of the present invention is lower, and the carbon equivalent is lower, such that the production cost of the welding wire is relatively lower; therefore, the welding wire has a better economic benefit.
Moreover, as compared to the prior art, element Cu in the superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire of the present invention mainly plays a role of solid solution strengthening, while element Cu in the prior art plays a role of precipitation strengthening in the technical solution disclosed.
In addition, as compared to the prior art, on the basis of the addition of element Ti to the superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire of the present invention, element B is further added, so as to achieve compound micro-alloying of Ti and B. By using the effect of compound micro-alloying of Ti and B, micro-alloying element B can refine and strengthen the grain boundary, avoiding the formation of grain boundary ferrite at the grain boundary; however, boron nitride precipitates may be possibly formed. On the basis of the addition of B, micro-alloying element Ti is added at the same time, wherein on one hand, B can be prevented from being oxidized so as to ensure that the B works; and on the other hand, Ti can be used as a deoxidant. In addition, oxides, carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides of Ti can effectively inhibit the growth of grains, and refine the deposited metal structure.
Further, it is further necessary for elements Cr and Mo in the superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire of the present invention to satisfy: 0.30%≦Cr+Mo≦0.60%.
The minimum value of the sum of the above-mentioned two elements is limited as 0.3%, mainly for ensuring that the weld metal formed from the welding wire has a certain strength; weld metal is a casting-state structure formed in the process of special heating-cooling, and the mechanical properties are mainly derived from the fact that the weld metal has a certain alloy content; since the feature of the present invention is compound micro-alloying of Ti and B without micro-alloying using V, the upper limit value of the sum of the two elements needs to be defined as 0.6%, this is for ensuring that the weld metal formed from the welding wire has a lower carbon equivalent so as to ensure a good weldability. In this technical solution, the formula of carbon equivalent is Ceq=C+Mn/6+(Ni+Cu)/15+(Cr+Mo)/5.
Further, elements Cr and Cu in the superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire of the present invention further satisfy: 0.15%≦Cr+Cu≦0.40%.
Redox reaction can occur to the welding wire in the welding process, and with regard to the gas shielded welding wire, the burning loss of elements silicon and manganese is maximum, but the burning loss of elements chromium and copper is not great; due to the effects of the two in the composition design, there must be a minimum limit, and for reducing the cold crack sensitivity coefficient of the weld metal to the greatest extent, the maximum value is further defined in this technical solution. In this technical solution, the welding cold crack sensitivity index formula is Pcm=C+Si/30+(Mn+Cu+Cr)/20+Ni/60+Mo/15+5 B.
Further, the interpass temperature is controlled between 100-165° C., the weld heat input is controlled at 8-13 kJ/cm, and the microstructure of a deposited metal obtained from the superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire of the present invention is martensite+bainite.
More further, the content by volume of martensite in the weld surface structure of the above-mentioned deposited metal is 20-35%.
More further, the content by volume of martensite in the weld interpass heat affected zone structure of the above-mentioned deposited metal is 5-20%.
More further, the interpass temperature is controlled between 100-165° C., the weld heat input is controlled at 8-13 kJ/cm, and the deposited metal obtained from the superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire of the present invention has a precipitate, the precipitate being at least one of carbides, nitrides and carbonnitrides of Ti and B.
Correspondingly, the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned welding wire, comprising steps as follows: smelting, refining, casting, hot rolling, slow cooling, wire-drawing into steel wire rods, acid pickling, coarse drawing, a heat treatment, fine drawing and copper plating; wherein the heat treatment temperature in the heat treatment step is 680-720° C.
In the process for manufacturing the superhigh strength welding wire, the welding wire becomes thinner due to being continuously drawn, there is a greater processing-hardening effect, and the stability of the drawing process will be affected; therefore, it is necessary to perform a heat treatment, for the purpose of eliminating a strengthening effect resulting from the processing process, such that the drawing process is performed successfully. The annealing temperature is chosen below line Ac1, for the superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire of the present invention, the deformation strengthening and the second phase particle strengthening are taken as the main in the drawing process; therefore, when choosing a heat treatment process, it is necessary to consider to eliminate the processing-hardening effect needs, and for this purpose, the heat treatment temperature is set between the range of 680-720° C. On this basis, a slow cooling mode shall be adopted as far as possible, so as to avoid the production of a fine-grain structure and a quenched structure.
Micro-alloying of Ti and B is used in the superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire of the present invention, such that the weld metal formed from the welding wire has a higher strength and a good plasticity.
Alloying effect of elements Cr, Mo, Mn, Ni etc., is used in the superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire of the present invention, and the strength and the toughness of the resulting weld metal are improved.
Moreover, element Si is added into the superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire of the present invention, such that the welding wire has a good welding property.
In addition, the weld metal formed by welding the superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire of the present invention further has a good crack resistance and a better economic benefit.
After gas shielded welding is performed using the welding wire of the present invention, the formed weld metal has a yield strength Re1 of 730-810 MPa, a tensile strength Rm of 780-920 MPa and an elongation A of 16-20%, with the average values of Charpy V impact energy at −20° C. and −40° C. respectively reaching not less than 100 J and 90 J. For this reason, the welding wire can be extensively used in industries where a superhigh strength steel having a grade of 80 kg or higher needs to be used for gas shielded welding, for example, in the industrial fields of engineering machinery, hydropower engineering, oceanographic engineering, automobile making etc.
The weld metal formed by gas shielded welding of the welding wire produced by the method for manufacturing the welding wire of the present invention has comprehensive mechanical properties of a higher strength, a better toughness, a better plasticity, etc.
The superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire of the present invention and the method for manufacturing are further explained and described below in conjunction of the accompanying drawings of the description and particular embodiments; however, the explanation and description are not intended to inappropriately limit the technical solution of the invention.
The proportions, in percentage by mass, of various chemical elements in welding wires in Examples 1-5 are listed in Table 1.
The welding wires from Examples 1-5 of the present case are manufactured using the following steps: smelting using an induction furnace, refining, continuously casting into a big square slab, hot rolling, slow cooling, wire-drawing into steel wire rods, acid pickling, coarse drawing, performing a heat treatment when coarse drawing to Φ2.2 mm-Φ3.5 mm, fine drawing and copper plating to finally obtain a welding wire of Φ1.2 mm. These steps are basically common steps in the welding wire manufacturing field, and therefore no more detailed description is provided with regard to these manufacturing steps in this technical solution. It merely lies in that the heat treatment step is different from the prior art; in this technical solution, the heat treatment temperature is 680-720° C., the cooling process is slow cooling, and the cooling time is 5 h.
The heat treatment temperatures in the method for manufacturing the welding wires in Examples 1-5 are listed in Table 2.
A low-alloy high-strength steel plate having a plate thickness of 20 mm is used, the groove type is a 45° single V type, the gap is 12 mm, welding is performed using the welding wires in Examples 1-5 without preheating, a shielding gas of 80% Ar+20% CO2 is used, the interpass temperature is controlled between 100-165° C., the weld heat input is controlled at 8-13 kJ/cm, and multi-pass welding is performed on the parent metal to ensure weld full penetration. After welding, the weld metal is subjected to an all element spectral analysis, a longitudinal tensile test, and a Charpy V-notch impact test of a full sample size, with various parameters being as shown in table 3 in detail.
Various mechanical property parameters of the weld metals obtained by gas shielded welding of the welding wires in Examples 1-5 of the present case are listed in Table 3.
It can be seen from table 3 that of the weld metals obtained by gas shielded welding using the welding wires in the above-mentioned Examples 1-5, the yield strengths (Re1) are all ≧790 MPa, the tensile strengths (Rm) are all ≧845 MPa, the elongations A are all ≧17%, the average values of −20° C. Charpy V impact energy are all ≧94 J, and the average values of −40° C. Charpy V impact energy are all ≧81 J, which indicates: the weld wire of the present invention has a higher strength, a greater impact toughness, a better plasticity, and a better crack resistance, with the various mechanical properties being all capable of matching with superhigh strength steels having a grade of 80 kg or higher; and is a gas shielded welding material in manufacturing fields of engineering machinery, hydropower engineering, oceanographic engineering, commercial vehicles etc.
It can be seen by analysis that after the addition of titanium into the weld wire, carbonitride compounds of titanium are precipitated at a higher temperature, which stops austenite grains from growing, playing a role of grain refining. The added boron will be segregated at the austenite grain boundary, which hinders the nucleation of ferrite, is thus beneficial for the formation of bainite, and improves the strength of the weld metal.
In addition, it can be seen from
It is to be noted that those listed above are only the specific particular embodiments of the present invention, and obviously the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and has many similar changes with the embodiments. All variations which can be directly derived from or associated with the disclosure of the invention by those skilled in the art should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201410705126.9 | Nov 2014 | CN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2015/082734 | 6/30/2015 | WO | 00 |
