Patent Grant
7066197
The present invention relates to a system for supplying water to a reticulation system from different sources. The present invention has particular but not exclusive application for a system using tank water and mains water supplies. Reference is made in the patent specification to tank water and mains water as water sources. This reference is by way of example only and other water sources or combinations of sources may be used.
Rainwater collected from the roofs of houses and buildings is commonly used in country areas. Rainwater is collected from the gutters and filtered through filtration systems before passing into a tank for storage. Water is drawn from the tank by the pump which supplies the water at pressure to the building's reticulation system.
In most urban areas, water is supplied through a mains water system which provides treated water to houses and buildings connected by a mains water supply network. Mains water is supplied under pressure so that when a valve is opened by the turning of a tap handle, water is passed out through the spout of the tap without interruption of supply.
The collection of rainwater in tanks in urban areas has previously been discouraged because of the availability of water supplied by the mains water system. Many local government authorities now allow the collection and use of rainwater stored in tanks in urban areas. However these authorities place strict requirements on tank water systems and do not allow water from tanks or any other source to enter the mains water system. With the prevention of tank water entering the mains water system, the possibility of contamination of mains water from tank water is avoided.
The change in attitude by local government authorities to the use of tank water in urban areas is due at least in part to the desire to minimize the run off passing into the stormwater drains which with heavy downfalls are prone to back up and cause localized flooding. Another incentive for local governments in allowing collection of water in tanks in urban areas is the overcoming of water storage limitations and supplying demand when there is a water shortage.
Where there is access to mains water, the water in the tank may be supplemented with mains water by the opening and closing of a valve operating automatically in response to a water level sensor within the tank. This type of system is commonly referred to as the trickle up system and maintains sufficient water in the tank to satisfy demand.
The problem with conventional tank water systems and trickle up systems is that water cannot be supplied to a building when there is a power failure or pump breakdown preventing water from being pumped through the water reticulation system of the building.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an alternative water supply system which overcomes at least in part one or more of the abovementioned problems.
In one aspect the present invention broadly resides in a water supply system for supplying water to a building including a first water storage means;
a first water supply means for supplying water from the first storage means;
a water pump for pumping water from the first water storage means along the first water supply means;
a non-return valve downstream of the pump in the first water supply means;
a pressure sensor means for sensing water pressure of water within the first water supply means, said pressure sensor means is located downstream of the non-return valve,
a second water supply means for supplying water from a second source;
a three port valve having a first port connected to the first water supply means downstream from the pressure sensor means, a second port connected to the second water supply means and a third port connected to the building's water reticulation system; wherein when the first and third ports are open the second port is closed and when the second and third ports are open the first port is closed; and
a control means for operatively receiving inputs from the water level sensor means, pressure sensor means and mains electricity supply and controlling the water pump and three port valve.
The first water storage means preferably includes a water tank and the first water supply means includes a tank water system. The second water supply means preferably includes a mains water supply.
In another aspect the present invention broadly resides in a water supply system for supplying water to a building including
a water tank for collecting water from the roofs and gutters of the building;
a water level sensor means for sensing the level of water in the water tank;
a tank water system for supplying water from the water tank;
a water pump for pumping water from the water tank along the tank water system;
a non-return valve downstream of the pump in the tank water system;
a pressure sensor means for sensing water pressure of water within the tank water system, said pressure sensor means is located downstream of the non-return valve,
a three port valve having a first port connected to the tank water system downstream from the pressure sensor means, a second port connected to the mains water system and a third port connected to the building's water reticulation system; wherein when the first and third ports are open the second port is closed and when the second and third ports are open the first port is closed; and
a control means for operatively receiving inputs from the water level sensor means, pressure sensor means and mains electricity supply and controlling the water pump and three port valve.
The water tank preferably includes one or more filters for filtering water from the roof and gutters prior to its entry into the water tank. Preferably the filters include a coarse debris screen located over the gutter or between the gutter outlet and the tank; an inlet filter located at the inlet to the tank and able to serve as an insect screen and or a fine filter located downstream of the pump but upstream of the pressure sensor means. Before water enters the water tank there is preferably a first flush water separation system which discharges the first portion of the water collected from the building's roof and gutter so that dirt, particulate debris and other residue is removed with the discharge of the first portion of the collected water.
The water level sensor means preferably includes a multi-level water sensor for detecting various levels of water in the tank so that different actions may be taken when different water levels are detected. Where there is a multi-level water sensor, water may be reserved for supplying to a special outlet pipe for drinking purposes when the sensor detects that the level is below a predetermined level.
The water level sensor means may be any one of a variety of suitable detectors which include float switches, ultra sonic methods, capacitance meters and other devices. A preferred device is one in which a magnet is placed in a float and is used to operate reed switches or provide a signal to a magnetic field sensor, preferably a Hall Effect device. In the latter, the output of the Hall Effect sensor is measured to provide multi-level detection.
The pressure sensor means preferably provides the control means with a signal indicating the pressure of water within the water lines from the water tank to the three port valve.
When the pressure is above a preset value, the control means switches off the pump either immediately or after a preset period of continued pumping. Pressure is maintained downstream of the non-return valve until water draw off causes it to be lowered, whereupon the pressure sensor will detect this state of lowered pressure and send a signal to the controller to cause the pump to be restarted. Preferably an accumulator is installed downstream of the non-return valve in the tank water system so as to reduce the frequency of the pump restarting. In the event that water is detected in the tank by the water level sensor and the operation of the pump does not cause the pressure detected by the pressure sensor to rise then the pump is turned off and the three port valve is switched to deliver mains supply water via the second port to the third outlet port. Thus water supply is maintained and pump damage is averted. A preferred form of the tank water system also includes a flow sensor downstream of the non-return valve which sends an electrical signal to the controller. In the event that a very low water flow occurs the output from this flow sensor can be used by the controller to delay repeated switching on of the pump as would otherwise be dictated by dropping pressure level.
The three port valve may be any suitable valve but is preferably a servo shuttle valve where the opening and closing of the ports is controlled by an electric motor actuated by signals from the control means to switch between mains water and tank water supply. The port positions are preferably sensed by a location sensing device such as micro switches, light based, or magnetic field based detectors. In a preferred form the servo shuttle valve has a shuttle that is moveable by lead screw connected to the output of the motor gearbox. The shuttle is moveable within the shuttle valve housing wherein the first and third ports are open when the second port is closed and the second and third ports are open when the first port is closed.
The servo shuttle valve in a preferred form breaks supply from one inlet port before opening the other inlet port thereby preventing upstream cross contamination of mains water with tank water. In an alternative form, the servo shuttle valve may open one inlet port before closing the other inlet port thereby relying on upstream non-return valves in both systems to prevent water contamination.
The control means preferably receives input signals from the water sensor in the tank, the pressure sensor detecting the pressure of water within water tank supply line and the availability of mains electricity. The control means preferably has a battery backup in the event of failure of mains electricity so that there is electrical power to switch the servo shuttle valve from one position to another. The control means controls the operation of the pump and preferably turns the pump off when the water sensor detects that the level of water within the tank is below a predetermined level. In this situation the control means actuates the servo shuttle valve to close the first port and open the second and third ports. Where there is an accumulator, the non-return valve prevents backflow from the accumulator through the pump and back into the tank. The accumulator provides pressurized water on demand when the first port is open.
The control means preferably has two modes of operation including an automatic mode where the controller automatically chooses the water source from the input signals from the water sensor and pressure sensor with a default setting for using tank water. The control means also has a manual mode of operation where either tank water or mains water may be chosen as the water source at the discretion of an operator. In the situation where there is a low water level detected in the water tank or there is detection of a pump or mains electricity supply failure, an alarm signal is sent to and displayed by the control means when tank water is chosen during manual mode of operation.
In the case that the pressure sensor is a switch it is preferable that it is of a kind that has some hysteresis in its switching behaviour, so that it switches on at a lower pressure when it switches off. This avoids unnecessary turning on and off of the pump.
In another aspect the present invention broadly resides in a water supply system for supplying water to a building including a water tank for collecting water from the roofs and gutters of the building;
a water pump for pumping water from the water tank along the tank water system;
a pressure sensor means for sensing water pressure of water within the tank water system, said pressure sensor means is located downstream of the non-return valve,
a three port valve having a first port connected to the tank water system downstream from the pressure sensor means, a second port connected to the mains water system and a third port connected to the building's water reticulation system; wherein when the first and third ports are open the second port is closed and when the second and third ports are open the first port is closed; and
a control means for operatively receiving inputs from the water level sensor means, pressure sensor means and mains electricity supply and controlling the water pump and three port valve; wherein there is an accumulator downstream of the pressure sensor means but upstream of the three port valve and there is a flow sensor downstream of the non-return valve but upstream of the three port valve.
Preferably there is a mains water system non-return valve upstream of the servo shuttle valve to open and close the mains water supply lines for providing mains water. The provision of a mains water system non-return valve acts as a further back flow prevention device to satisfy government requirements. There may also be a regulator upstream of the servo shuttle valve. There may preferably be a regulator downstream of the non-return valve but upstream of the servo shuttle valve. The regulator serves to prevent a change in flow rate between the switching from one water supply source to another.
In another aspect the present invention broadly resides in a water supply system for supplying water to a building including a water tank for collecting water from the roofs and gutters of the building;
a water pump for pumping water from the water tank along the tank water system;
a pressure sensor means for sensing water pressure of water within the tank water system, said pressure sensor means is located downstream of the non-return valve,
a three port valve having a first port connected to the tank water system downstream from the pressure sensor means, a second port connected to the mains water system and a third port connected to the building's water reticulation system; wherein when the first and third ports are open the second port is closed and when the second and third ports are open the first port is closed; and
a control means for operatively receiving inputs from the water level sensor means, pressure sensor means and mains electricity supply and controlling the water pump and three port valve; wherein there is a mains water system non-return valve upstream of the servo shuttle valve to open and close the mains water supply lines for providing mains water.
There may also be a regulator downstream of the non-return valve but upstream of the servo shuttle valve. There may preferably be a regulator downstream of the non-return valve but upstream of the servo shuttle valve.
In another aspect the present invention broadly resides in a water supply system for supplying water to a building including a water tank for collecting water from the roofs and gutters of the building;
a water pump for pumping water from the water tank along the tank water system;
a pressure sensor means for sensing water pressure of water within the tank water system, said pressure sensor means is located downstream of the non-return valve,
a three port valve having a first port connected to the tank water system downstream from the pressure sensor means, a second port connected to the mains water system and a third port connected to the building's water reticulation system; wherein when the first and third ports are open the second port is closed and when the second and third ports are open the first port is closed; and
a control means for operatively receiving inputs from the water level sensor means, pressure sensor means and mains electricity supply and controlling the water pump and three port valve; wherein there is an accumulator downstream of the pressure sensor means but upstream of the three port valve and there is a flow sensor downstream of the non-return valve but upstream of the three port valve; wherein there is a mains water system non-return valve upstream of the servo shuttle valve to open and close the mains water supply lines for providing mains water.
There may also be a regulator downstream of the non-return valve but upstream of the servo shuttle valve. There may preferably be a regulator downstream of the non-return valve but upstream of the servo shuttle valve.
Several forms of logic may be used by the controller in controlling the pump and three port valve of the water supply system. The logic systems are dependent on the sophistication of the water level sensing and whether a flow sensing device is included in the tank water system. Where a two or three level tank water level sensing device is used it is possible to reserve the lower section of the tank water for special purposes such as a drinking water outlet delivered from the tank via the pump while drawing general water supply from the mains water via the three port valve. Where a flow sensor and two or three level tank water level sensing device is used it is possible to permit the continued supply of water despite the drop of the water level in the tank below the upper level. This option saves the need for a brief interruption to water supply while the three port valve closes its tank port and opens its mains water port or vice versa.
In all cases in the event that there is no mains electricity supply the pump will not operate and the valve will be switched so that it delivers mains water to its outlet.
The logic of the system with a single water level sensor is that when the tank water level is above the sensed water level the pump is capable of operation and the valve is switched to tank water supply. When the tank water level falls below the sensed water level the pump ceases to operate and the valve switches to mains water. It is preferable for the water level sensor and controller to have some hysteresis in its behaviour so that minor water level fluctuation does not cause unnecessary pump and valve switching.
The logic of the system where a dual water level sensing is used and no flow measurement is incorporated is that when the water level is above the upper sensing level then the valve is switched to tank and the pump is capable of operation. When the water level in the tank falls below the upper sensing level the valve switches to mains water supply but the pump will be available for operation so as to supply water to the special outlet pipe normally reserved for drinking applications. When the water level falls below the lower sensing level then the pump will not operate. The lower sensing level may be set to correspond with a dry tank.
The logic of the system where a dual water level sensor and flow measurement is available is that when the water level is above the upper sensing level the valve is switched to pump supply and the pump is capable of operation. In the event that water is being drawn from the tank when the water level falls below the upper sensing level then the pump continues to operate and the three port valve remains switched to tank supply until the flow ceases whereupon the three port valve switches to mains supply. In the event that water is first drawn from the three port valve by the normal reticulation system while the water level is below the upper sensing level but above the lower sensing level then this water will be supplied by the mains water. Water may be drawn from the special water supply pipe via the pump whilst the water level is below the upper and lower sensing levels. When the water falls below the lower sensing level the pump will not operate. The lower sensing level may be set to a dry level in the tank.
The logic of the system where a three level water level sensor and flow measurement is used is that when the water level is above the upper sensing level the valve is switched to tank supply and the pump is capable of operation. In the event that water is being drawn from the tank when the water level falls below the upper sensing level then the pump continues to operate and the valve remains switched to tank supply until the flow ceases whereupon the valve switches to mains water supply. In the event that water is first drawn from the three port valve by the normal reticulation system while the tank water level is below the upper sensing level but above the middle sensing level then this water will be supplied by the mains water. Water may be drawn from the special water supply pipe via the pump whilst the water level is below the upper and above the lower sensing levels. In the event that the water level falls below the lower sensing level then the pump ceases to be able to operate. The lower sensing level may be set to a dry level in the tank.
In order that the present invention be more readily understood and put into practical effect, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings wherein:
With reference to
The water tank 13 has a water sensor 21 which has a single level device with hysteresis (or two or three level devices). Water is drawn from the water tank 13 via the outlet pipe 22 to the pump 23. The pump 23 pumps water through a fine particulate filter 24. From the filter 24, water flows through a non-return valve 25 and past a pressure switch 26 that provides water pressure information to the controller 27. Downstream of the pressure switch 26, there is an accumulator 30 which serves to provide pressurised water from the system without the pump 23 being turned on. The accumulator 30 is a gas charged device with a bladder 31. (The accumulator may alternatively be a spring operated piston accumulator.) Downstream of the accumulator 30 there is a flow sensor 32 which is electrically connected to the controller 27.
Pressurised tank water is delivered to one inlet port 34 of the servo shuttle valve 35. Alternately if the inlet port 34 is closed, water is discharged through outlet pipe 36.
Mains water supply is delivered to the other inlet port 37 of the servo shuttle valve 35 via a non-return valve 38 and pressure regulator 39. The servo shuttle valve 35 has a motor 40 which includes an electric motor, gearbox and position sensor. The motor 40 is operated by the controller 27. The motor 40 sends valve position location signals back to the controller 27. The servo shuttle valve 35 also has an outlet port 41 which is connected to the building's reticulation system.
The controller 27 is powered from mains electricity 45 and detects whether mains electricity is available. The controller 27 also receives input signals from the water tank water level sensor 21, pressure switch 26, and flow sensor 32. The controller 27 also has a battery backup which powers it when there is mains electricity failure. The battery backup is maintained in a charged state by electricity from the mains electricity system.
With reference to
If there is water in the water tank 105, the pump 108 is turned on and water is provided to the building's reticulation system. In this situation, non-return valve 116 closes and water from the mains water system does not flow into the building's reticulation system. In a preferred form, the water pumped from the pump 108 is at a higher pressure than the regulated mains pressure.
The alternate embodiment shown in
In
The graph shown in
With reference to
The sealing members 730, 731, 732 move along the longitudinal internal bore 734 of servo shuttle valve under the influence of the lead screw 710 rotating within the internal complementary thread 718 of the shuttle member 715. The position of the sealing members 730, 731, 732 relative to each other is such that when inlet port 721 is open inlet port 720 is closed but outlet port 722 is open and when inlet port 720 is open inlet port 721 is closed and the outlet port 722 is open. The outlet port 722 preferably connects to the building's reticulation system while inlet ports 720 and 721 are connected to the mains water supply system and tank water supply system respectively.
The present invention provides the advantage of offering the choice of two water sources, namely tank water and mains water; and when there is a pump or electricity supply failure, mains water can still be provided to a building's reticulation system. A further advantage of the preferred embodiment is that there are two valve systems which prevent cross contamination of water from different sources. The design of a dual valve system provides a cautionary measure and satisfies government requirements.
It will of course be realized that while the foregoing has been given by way of illustrative example of this invention, all such and other modifications and variations thereto as would be apparent to persons skilled in the art are deemed to fall within the broad scope and ambit of this invention as is herein set forth.
Throughout the description and claims this specification the word “comprise” and variations of that word such as “comprises” and “comprising”, are not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002951098 | Aug 2002 | AU | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU03/01120 | 9/1/2003 | WO | 00 | 4/4/2005 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004/020749 | 3/11/2004 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4161186 | Sitarz | Jul 1979 | A |
| 4934404 | DeStefano | Jun 1990 | A |
| 5234286 | Wagner | Aug 1993 | A |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 3819330 | Dec 1989 | DE |
| 4416038 | Nov 1995 | DE |
| 1138836 | Oct 2001 | EP |
| 2242926 | Oct 1991 | GB |
