Patent Grant
11255091
This specification relates to structural materials for use in the construction of buildings, and, in one particular context, to support structure external veneer components.
In former times, brick walls were load bearing structures. In contemporary building structures bricks, or other masonry elements, or other visible finished surface elements, are rarely load-bearing. They tend more often to be employed as surface cladding on the exterior face of load-bearing structure as a masonry veneer.
When mounting face brick or stone veneer on the face of a wall structure, the first row of bricks or stone, or veneer commonly fits on a steel support. The steel support may be termed a shelf angle, and may extend outward from the wall structure, and may run along, or have a major dimension extending in, a direction that is generally horizontal and cross-wise to the wall. The steel support is mounted to the wall before brick-laying commences. The steel support may be welded to a steel anchoring system embedded in the wall. Alternatively, the steel support may be carried in spaced apart brackets that have themselves been mounted to the load bearing wall structure. This become more problematic where the wall is not planar, but curved or rectangular, and where the wall is interrupted by interruptions and boundary conditions such as corners, doors, windows, and so on.
In an aspect of the invention there is a shelf angle. It has a web and a flange extending away from the web. The flange is segmented to permit bending of the web.
In a feature of that aspect of the invention, the web is continuous and the flange is discontinuous. In another feature, the flange includes at least a first segment and a second segment. The first and second segments are side-by-side. The flange has a notch formed therein between the first and second segments. In another feature, prior to bending of the web, the notch terminates inwardly at the web at a narrow end, and the notch broadens outwardly away from the narrow end. In a further feature, the flange includes a plurality of segments of the flange. Each segment of the plurality of segments has a broad end adjoining the web, and a narrow end most distant from the web, each segment being trapezoidal in plan view. In a further feature, the web is mounted to run on a continuous curve when seen in plan view, and the segmented flange has a plurality of feet defining segments of the flange, the feet defining a discontinuous path of shelf supports alongside the web. In another further feature, the seat is smaller in the lengthwise direction than (a) half a brick (b) ¼ of the arc length pitch spacing of the web between centers of adjacent segments of the flange. In another feature, the web has apertures formed therethrough. In a further feature, the web has apertures formed therein in which to admit mounting support fittings. The mounting support fittings are spaced along the web lengthwise. The flange has notches formed therein. The notches are spaced along the shelf angle. The apertures in the web are staggered from the notches in the flange. In another feature, a pair of first and second notches is associated with a first segment of the flange, and one of the apertures is centered relative to the first segment.
In another aspect of the invention there is a shelf angle assembly. It has a shelf angle; at least a first mounting bracket, and a retainer. The shelf angle has a web and a flange. The flange defines a surface upon which to mount masonry veneer. The web extends out-of-plane relative to the flange. The mounting bracket has a first portion and a second portion. The first portion defines a back. The back has a mounting fitting by which to secure the mounting bracket to primary structure. The second portion includes a leg that extends away from the mounting fitting. The leg has a shelf angle seat defined therein distant from the first portion. The shelf angle seat includes at least a vertical load transfer interface and a moment couple transfer interface. The retainer, when installed, immobilises the web of the shelf angle relative to the moment couple transfer interface of the second portion of the first mounting bracket.
In a feature of that aspect, the shelf angle seat of the mounting bracket admits installation of the shelf angle in front-to-rear motion thereof relative to the back of the first mounting bracket; and, when installed, the retainer inhibiting rear-to-front retreat of the shelf angle. In another feature, the shelf angle includes an aperture formed in the web thereof. The shelf angle seat includes a toe that occupies the aperture on installation. The toe includes the vertical load transfer interface. In another feature, the mounting bracket includes a transom distant from the back, and, on installation, the retainer secures the web of the shelf angle relative to the transom. in still another feature, the flange of the shelf angle includes a plurality of feet on which to support masonry veneer; the web is flexible between adjacent segments of the feet.
In another feature, the assembly includes at least a first, a second, and a third of the mounting brackets by which the assembly is mounted to a supporting primary structure. The flange of the shelf angle includes at least a first segment, a second segment, and a third segment. The flange of the shelf angle is notched between the segments, the notches facilitating bending of the web of the shelf angle adjacent to the notches; and, on installation. The shelf angle is mounted to the mounting brackets with the first segment of the shelf angle standing outwardly of the first mounting bracket. The second segment of the shelf angle stands outwardly of the second mounting bracket. The third segment of the shelf angle is mounted outwardly of the third mounting bracket. The first, second, and third mounting brackets is mounted non-co-linearly to the primary structure.
In another aspect of the invention, there is a shelf angle assembly. It has a mounting bracket, a shelf angle segment, and a retainer. The mounting bracket has a back and a pair of first and second legs extending away from the back to form a channel section. Each of the legs has a profile distant from the back, the profile defining a shelf angle seat. The back of the mounting bracket has a mounting fitting by which to secure the mounting bracket to supporting structure. The shelf angle has a first leg and a second leg joined at an angle. The first leg defines a shelf on which to carry masonry veneer. The second leg defines an upstanding web. The upstanding web and the shelf angle seats are mutually engageable. The retainer is movably engageable with the mounting bracket and the shelf angle to lock the shelf angle in place after the shelf angle has been positioned in engagement with the seats of the mounting bracket.
In a feature of that aspect, the first and second legs of the shelf angle meet at a right angle. The right angle has an internal radius. The mounting bracket has a retainer anchor seat. The retainer is a retainer clip has and anchor and a grip. On installation the anchor engages the anchor seat and the grip engages the web of the shelf angle. The retainer clip captures the shelf angle in the shelf angle seats. In another feature, the retainer clip is U-shaped in section. The anchor is defined by a first leg of the U-shape. The grip is defined by a second leg of the U-shape that is opposed to the first leg thereof. The shelf angle is movably engageable into the shelf angle seats in a first direction of motion. The retainer clip is slidably movable into engagement in a second direction of motion. The second direction of motion is cross-wise to the first direction of motion. When slid into place, the retainer clip prevents retraction of the shelf angle from engagement with the mounting bracket. In another feature, the first and second legs of the mounting bracket have apertures formed therein adjacent to the respective shelf angle seats. In still another feature, the first leg of the shelf angle is tapered when seen in plan view. The first leg has a root proximate to the second leg of the shelf angle. A distal margin is distant from the second leg of the shelf angle. The distal margin is narrower than the root. In another feature, the mounting bracket is more than three times as tall as the shelf angle. In a further feature, at least the mounting bracket has a low thermal conductivity coating.
In another aspect of the invention, there is a masonry veneer supporting shelf angle assembly that is securable to wall structure. It has a mounting bracket; a shelf angle; and a retainer. The mounting bracket has a wall mounting fitting and a shelf angle seat distant from the wall mounting fitting defining an accommodation. The shelf angle has a first member defining a shelf upon which to mount masonry veneer, and a second member defining a back connected to the shelf, the shelf angle is mateable with the seat. When the shelf angle is mated to the seat, the retainer has a first portion that engages the mounting bracket and a second portion that engages the shelf angle, and, when so engaged, the shelf angle is captured in the accommodation by the retainer.
In a feature of that aspect, the first member defines a horizontal flange of the shelf angle, and the second member defines a vertical web of the shelf angle. In another feature, the mounting bracket is formed of a channel that has a back and a pair of first and second legs extending away from the back. The first and second legs each have a respective the seat, and the back includes the wall mounting fitting. in a further feature, the shelf angle is positionable in the seat in linear translation, and when installed, the retainer obstructs removal of the shelf angle from the seat. In still another feature, the shelf angle is movable into the seat in a first degree of freedom of motion. The retainer is installed in a second degree of freedom of motion independent of the first degree of freedom of motion. In a further feature, the first degree of freedom of motion is lateral translation toward the wall structure. In still another feature, the second degree of freedom of motion is at least predominantly vertical translation of the retainer relative to the mounting bracket and the shelf angle. In another feature, the mounting bracket seat includes a vertical shear load transfer interface at which a vertical shear load of the shelf angle is carried into the mounting bracket. In a yet further feature, the retainer defines a moment couple reaction interface at which an overturning moment from the shelf angle is opposed by the retainer. In a further feature, the seat has a horizontal projection toward the wall structure, and the mounting fitting is located upwardly outside the projection. In yet another feature, the mounting fitting has a center of force that is more than two seat pitches above the horizontal projection. In an additional feature, the shelf angle supports bricks, and the mounting fitting has a center of reaction force that is more than two brick pitches above the projection. In another feature, the mounting bracket is formed from a channel member, the channel member has a back and a pair of first and second legs extending away from the back, and the legs have lightening apertures formed therein. In an additional feature, the apertures are non-circular, have a major axis and a minor axis, and the major axis is angled relative to vertical, the major axis extending upwardly on an angle toward the wall structure. In another feature, the assembly further includes a layer of thermal insulation has a thickness, and the seat is spaced from the fitting by a distance at least as great as the thickness of the thermal insulation. In yet another feature, the shelf angle has a segmented flange. In a still further additional feature, the shelf angle has at least one of: (a) an array of apertures formed therein that reduces thermal conductivity between the wall structure and the shelf angle; and (b) a low thermal conductivity coating.
In another aspect, there is a shelf angle. It has an upstanding web and a flange array joined to, and extending away from, the upstanding web. The flange array runs along the web and presents a plurality of shelf segments upon which to place masonry. The shelf segments lie on a common path. The web is bendable to permit angular displacement of at least a first of the plurality of shelf segments relative to a second of the shelf segments.
In another aspect there is a segmented shelf angle. It has at least a first segment and a second segment; and an upstanding web that is common to both the first segment and the second segment. The upstanding web joins the first and second segments at a neck. The neck is bendable.
In a feature of those aspects, each segment has a second moment of area, Iyy, for resistance to bending about a vertical axis. The neck has a second moment of area, Iyy, that is less than the respective second moments of area Iyy of the first and second segments. in another feature, each of the first and second segments has a first member defining a shelf upon which to mount masonry veneer. A second member defines the respective upstanding back of the segments. The backs of the first and second segments are portions of the upstanding web of the shelf angle. The neck connects the respective backs of the first and second segments. In another feature, the second moments of area relative to bending about a vertical axis of each of the first and second segments have a respective neutral axis that lies forwardly of the back of the respective first and second segments. The neck has a height and a through thickness. The neutral axis of the second moment of area of the neck relative to bending about a vertical axis lies within the through thickness of the neck.
In another aspect, there is a shelf angle assembly for supporting masonry veneer. It has a shelf angle, at least a first mounting bracket and a second mounting bracket, and at least a first retainer and a second retainer. The shelf angle seats on, and transmits vertical loads into, the first and second mounting brackets. As installed, the first and second retainers lock the shelf angle against rotation relative to the respective mounting brackets.
In a feature of that aspect, each of the first and second mounting brackets has a shelf angle seat in which to receive a portion of the shelf angle. As assembled, the first and second mounting brackets are spaced apart from each other along the shelf angle. The first and second retainers are first and second mounting clips. Each the mounting clip has a first portion that anchors to the respective mounting bracket, and a second portion that captures the shelf angle. In another feature, the shelf angle has a first member defining a shelf on which to mount masonry veneer, and a second member defining a back. The back and the shelf form an angle. The second portion of the respective clips engage the back of the shelf angle. In another feature, the first and second mounting clips have the form of U-shaped channels. The first portion of the respective clips is a first leg of the U-shape, and the second portion of the clip is a second leg of the U-shape. In another feature, the first retainer is slidingly insertable to lock the shelf angle relative to the first mounting bracket.
In another aspect, there is a masonry veneer mounting assembly. It has a shelf angle and an array of mounting brackets that includes at least a first mounting bracket and a second mounting bracket to which the shelf angle mounts. At least one of (a) the shelf angle and (b) the first mounting bracket, has a thermal insulation coating.
In a feature of that aspect, the thermal insulation coating forms a thermal conduction break between the shelf angle and the first mounting bracket. In another feature, the thermal insulation coating forms a thermal conduction break between the first mounting bracket and supporting structure to which the first mounting bracket is secured. In still another feature, there is a first thermal insulation coating portion that forms a first thermal conduction resistance between the shelf angle and the first mounting bracket, and a second thermal insulation portion coating that forms a second thermal conduction resistance between the first mounting bracket and supporting structure to which the first mounting bracket is secured. In still another feature, at least one of the first mounting bracket and the second mounting bracket is coated overall in a thermal insulation coating. in another feature, the first mounting bracket and the shelf angle are each provided with a respective the thermal insulation coating. In an additional feature, the thermal insulation coating is an aerogel coating. In another additional feature, the mounting assembly includes at least a first retainer clip. The retainer clip is treated with a thermal insulation coating to form at least one thermal conduction resistance between the first mounting bracket and the shelf angle. In a further feature, the entire clip is covered in a thermal insulation coating. In still another feature, the thermal insulation coating is an aerogel coating.
In another aspect of the invention, there is a mounting assembly for mounting masonry to supporting structure with the masonry spaced away from the supporting structure. The mounting assembly has a shelf angle; a first mounting member; and a second mounting member. The shelf angle is segmented to permit flexing to conform to non-planar supporting structure. The first and second mounting members are spaced laterally apart from each other along the non-planar supporting structure. The shelf angle has a vertical leg and a horizontal leg. The shelf angle has a length running laterally to span the first and second mounting members. The horizontal leg defines a shelf for the masonry. The horizontal leg extends forwardly of the vertical leg. The first and second mounting members extend rearwardly of the vertical leg. Each of the first and second mounting members has a respective web that stands away from the supporting structure, whereby the shelf angle is spaced forwardly away from the supporting structure. Each of the first and second mounting members has an upper region and a lower region. The shelf angle extends forwardly away from the respective lower regions of the first and second mounting members. The respective upper regions of the first and second mounting members each has a support attachment fitting for securement to the supporting structure. The respective support attachment fittings is higher than the vertical leg of the shelf angle.
In a feature, the first member has a vertical load input interface between the second member and the first member. There is a vertical load output interface at which the first member is connected to load bearing structure. A line of action is defined between the input and output interfaces. The line of action has a Rise/Run where the Rise is greater than the Run. In another feature, the first member has a vertical height that is one of (a) greater than two courses of face brick; and (b) in a range of 2 to 15 pitches of seat height of the vertical leg of the shelf angle. In another feature, the shelf angle has a segmented veneer support flange. Segments of the flange are separated by a respective notch therebetween. Each respective notch is shorter than a lengthwise pitch of a brick of the masonry veneer. In a further feature, the lower region of the first member has a rearwardly facing horizontal reaction interface for engagement with the support structure. In a still further feature, the first member has a seat defined in the web thereof, and the shelf angle is removably mounted therein. In a yet further feature, the attachment fitting accommodates vertical adjustment of the first member relative to the support structure. In still yet another feature, the attachment fitting accommodates a mechanical fastener by which the mounting assembly is secured to the support structure. In another feature, the vertical leg of the shelf angle is mounted to the respective webs of the first and second members. In another feature, the web extends upwardly away from the vertical leg of the shelf angle. In still another feature, a horizontal projection of the shelf angle that extends toward the load-bearing wall structure projects downwardly clear of the attachment fitting. In another feature, the first member has a lowermost margin that is flush with the shelf angle. In still another feature, the web of the first member has a profiled seat formed therein, and the shelf angle nests in the seat. In yet another feature, the shelf angle has at least one accommodation formed therein, and the web of the first member has a protrusion that seats in the at least one accommodation. In a further feature, the web of the first member has a seat formed therein; the shelf angle has at least one accommodation formed therein. The web of the first member has a protrusion that engages the accommodation. The shelf angle nests in the seat. In still another feature, thermal insulation is mounted between the shelf angle and the support structure. In another feature, the first member has a back, the web and the back of the first member meet such that the back forms a flange relative to the web. The first member runs vertically, the attachment fitting is formed in the back.
In another feature, the first member has a vertically running channel section. The channel section includes a back bounded by first and second legs. The web is the first leg. The second leg is a web the same as the first leg and spaced therefrom. The attachment fitting is formed in the back. The shelf angle is mounted to the legs distant from the back. in another feature, the first member has a vertical height that is greater than two pitches of face brick. The attachment fitting accommodates a mechanical fastener by which the mounting assembly is secured to the support structure. The vertical leg of the shelf angle is mounted to the respective webs of the first and second members. The web of the first member extends upwardly away from the vertical leg of the shelf angle. The first member is concealed behind the shelf angle. Insulation is mounted between the shelf angle and the support structure. In another feature, each of the first and second members has a back and a pair of first and second legs. The pair of first and second legs is joined to, and extend away from, the back. The web is the first leg. The second leg is a second web spaced from the first leg. The attachment fitting is formed in the back. The vertical leg of the shelf angle is mated to the pair of first and second legs of the first and second members. The attachment fitting accommodates a mechanical fastener by which the mounting assembly is secured to the support structure. The respective webs extends upwardly to a greater height than the vertical leg of the shelf angle. The first member and the second member are concealed behind the shelf angle. In another feature, the attachment fitting accommodates vertical adjustment of the first member relative to the support structure. The first member has a lowermost margin that is flush with the shelf angle. Insulation is mounted between the vertical leg of the shelf angle and the support structure.
In another aspect of the invention, there is a mounting assembly for mounting masonry to supporting structure with the masonry spaced away from the supporting structure. The mounting assembly has a shelf angle; a first mounting member; and a second mounting member. The first and second mounting members are spaced laterally apart from each other. The shelf angle has a vertical leg and a horizontal leg. The shelf angle has a length running laterally to span the first and second mounting members. The horizontal leg defines a shelf for the masonry. The horizontal leg extends forwardly of the vertical leg. The first and second mounting members extend rearwardly of the vertical leg. Each of the first and second mounting members has a respective web that stands away from the supporting structure, whereby the shelf angle is spaced forwardly away from the supporting structure. Each of the first and second mounting members has an upper region and a lower region. The shelf angle extends forwardly away from the respective lower regions of the first and second mounting members. The upper regions of the first and second mounting members each have a respective support attachment fitting. The first member has a lower margin. The lower margin is concealed behind the shelf angle.
In a feature of that aspect, the first member has a lowermost margin that is flush with the shelf angle. In another feature, the web of the first member has a seat formed therein. The shelf angle has at least one accommodation formed therein. The web of the first member has a protrusion that engages the at least one accommodation. The shelf angle nests removably in the seat. In another feature, the web is a first web. Each of the first and second members has a back. There is a first web, and a second web spaced from the first web. The first and second webs are joined to, and extending away from, the back. The attachment fitting is formed in the back. The attachment fitting accommodates a mechanical fastener by which the mounting assembly is secured to the support structure. The vertical leg of the shelf angle is mounted to the first and second webs of the first and second members respectively. The respective webs of the first and second members extend upwardly to a greater height than does the vertical leg of the shelf angle.
In another aspect of the invention, there is a mounting assembly for mounting masonry to supporting structure with the masonry spaced away from the supporting structure. The mounting assembly has a shelf angle; a first mounting member; and a second mounting member. The first and second mounting members are spaced laterally apart from each other. Each of the first and second mounting members has a back and first and second legs joined to and extending forwardly from the back away from the supporting structure. The shelf angle has a vertical leg and a horizontal leg. The shelf angle has a length running laterally to span the first and second mounting members. The horizontal leg defines a shelf for the masonry. The horizontal leg extends forwardly of the vertical leg. The first and second mounting members extend rearwardly of the vertical leg, whereby the shelf angle is spaced forwardly away from the supporting structure. Each of the first and second mounting members has an upper region and a lower region. The shelf angle is mounted to, and extending forwardly away from, the respective lower regions of the first and second mounting members. The upper regions of the first and second mounting members each has a respective support attachment fitting formed in the respective backs. The respective attachments fittings are located at a height that is upward of the vertical leg of the shelf angle.
In a feature, the attachment fitting is adjustable, and a layer of insulation is mounted between the vertical leg of the shelf angle and the support structure. in another feature, the shelf angle is removable from the first and second mounting members. In a further feature, at least one of: (a) the first member has an input load transfer interface and an output load transfer interface; there is a Rise/Run between them, and the Rise is greater than the Run; (b) the first member has a height that is greater than two courses of face brick; and (c) the vertical leg of the shelf angle has a seat height, and the first member has a height that is in the range of 2:15:1 times the seat height. In another feature, the mounting assembly has at least one of: (a) lightening apertures formed in at least the lower regions of the first and second legs of the mounting members to constrict heat conduction through the lower regions; and (b) a low thermal conductivity coating applied to at least a respective portion of the first and second mounting members, the thermally conductive coating defining a thermal resistance.
In another aspect of the invention there is a masonry veneer support assembly mounting bracket. The mounting bracket has a back, a leg standing forwardly of the back, and an abutment standing rearwardly proud of the back. The leg has a vertical shear load input. The leg has a moment couple reaction. The back has a vertical shear load output; and the abutment extending downwardly of the shear load output.
In a feature, the abutment extends downwardly of the vertical shear load input. In another feature, the back defines an accommodation, and a cushion is mounted in the accommodation. In a further feature, the cushion is made of a less thermally conductive material than is the mounting bracket. In another feature, the abutment is a rearward extension of the leg. In another feature, the leg has a plurality of openings formed therein to leave a structural support framework. In still another feature, the mounting bracket has a channel shape when seen from above, the channel shape has two of the legs, the legs extending forwardly of the back and is opposed and spaced apart. In another feature, each of the legs has one of the abutments extending rearwardly as an extension thereof. The back is truncated at a level above the abutments. In another feature, each of the legs has a forwardly protruding toe defining the vertical shear load input. Each of the legs has a plurality of apertures formed therein to leave an open framework. An accommodation is formed upwardly of the abutments and rearwardly of the back. A thermal insulator occupies the accommodation. in another feature, the mounting bracket has the shape of a channel formed from a single blank of sheet metal.
In another aspect of the invention, there is a masonry veneer support assembly mounting bracket. It has a channel that has a back, a first leg and a second leg. The first and second legs are connected to the back and extend forwardly away therefrom. The first and second legs each have a forward margin most distant from the back, the forward margin defining a shelf-angle seat. The back has a mounting fitting defined therein by which to secure the mounting bracket to supporting wall structure. Each of the legs has a rearwardly extending abutment. The abutment is located downwardly of the mounting fitting.
In a feature thereof, the abutments of the first and second legs extend rearwardly proud of the back. in another feature, an accommodation is defined upwardly of the abutments and rearwardly of the back. In another feature, a spacer is mounted in the accommodation. The spacer is less thermally conductive than the mounting bracket. In another feature, there is a shelf angle retainer. The shelf angle retainer and the legs are mutually engaging. In another feature, the first and second legs are perforated to leave an open framework. In still another feature, the legs have respective first and second toes. The toes protruding forwardly to define a vertical shear load input. The shear load input is located at a height that is upwardly of the respective abutments of the first and second legs. In another feature, the mounting bracket has the shape of a channel formed from a single blank of sheet metal. In still another feature, any one of the first and second legs has first and second uprights, and removal of more than 50% of the material of the leg in any pitch of apertures between the uprights. In still another feature, the back has first and second uprights, and apertures formed therein between the uprights, and over a vertical distance of one pitch of apertures, 50% of the material of the back has been removed. In still another feature, at least one of the side legs and back of the channel section is perforated to yield an array of rectangular sides and ends with an array of intermediate diagonal struts.
In another aspect, there is a masonry veneer support. It has a shelf angle that includes a shelf upon which to support masonry veneer. It has a web standing upwardly from the shelf to form the shelf angle. The web defines a profile. The shelf of the shelf angle includes a portion that extends rearwardy of the profile of the shelf angle as seen in profile view.
In a feature of that aspect, the web of the shelf angle has at least a first upwardly extending lateral edge, and the shelf of the shelf angle includes a wing extending sideways beyond the lateral edge. In another feature, the web of the shelf angle includes first and second upwardly extending lateral edges at either end thereof. The shelf of the shelf angle includes respective first and second wings extending sideways beyond the respective lateral edges of the web. In another feature, the shelf includes a first shelf portion and a second shelf portion, and the first and second shelf portions meet at a corner. In a further feature, the corner is a square corner. In still another feature, the shelf has a first portion and a second portion. The first portion has a first leg length. The second portion has a second leg length. The first leg length is different from the second leg length. In still another feature, the shelf has a third portion. The first portion lies between the second portion and the third portion. The third portion has a third leg length. The third leg length is different from the first leg length. The first leg length is shorter than the second leg length and shorter than the first leg length. A notch is formed in the shelf between the second portion and the third portion. In another feature, the shelf is asymmetric. In a further feature, the second portion of the shelf has a varying leg length. In an additional feature, as seen from above, the varying leg length is formed at least partially on one of (a) a straight-line taper; (b) a curve; (c) a profile combining a straight line taper and a curve.
In still another feature, there is a mounting support assembly that includes the mounting support in combination with at least a first mounting bracket and a second mounting bracket. The first and second mounting brackets is laterally spaced apart and the masonry veneer support spans the first and second mounting brackets. The masonry veneer support is maintained in place on the brackets by retainers that clip the masonry veneer support to the mounting brackets. In still another feature, the masonry veneer support has a corner formed therein. There is at least a third mounting bracket. The third mounting bracket is non-coplanar with the first and second mounting brackets. In another feature, the web has a first portion and a second portion. The second portion of the web is discontinuous from the first portion. The first portion of the web is mounted to the first and second mounting brackets. The second portion of the web is mounted to the third mounting bracket.
In another aspect, there is a masonry veneer support. It has a shelf angle that includes a shelf upon which to support masonry veneer and a web standing upwardly from the shelf to form the shelf angle. the web defining a profile, the web has upwardly extending lateral edges; and the shelf of the shelf angle includes at least a first portion extending sideways of a first of the lateral edges.
In a feature of that aspect, the shelf has a second portion that extends sideways beyond the second edge of the web. in another feature, the shelf of the shelf angle includes a portion extending rearwardy of the profile when the shelf angle is seen in profile view. In still another feature, the shelf includes a first shelf portion and a second shelf portion, and the first and second shelf portions meet at a corner. In another feature, the corner is a square corner. In a further feature, the shelf is asymmetric. In still another feature, the first portion of the shelf has a first leg length extending forward of web. The second portion of the shelf has a second leg length extending forward of the web. The first leg length is different from the second leg length. In an additional feature, the shelf has a third portion. The first portion lies between the second portion and the third portion. The third portion has a third leg length. The third leg length is different from the first leg length. The first leg length is shorter than the second leg length and shorter than the first leg length. A notch is formed in the shelf between the second portion and the third portion. In another feature, at least one portion of the shelf has a varying leg length. In a further feature, as seen from above, the varying leg length is formed at least partially on one of (a) a straight-line taper; (b) a curve; (c) a profile combining a straight line taper and a curve.
In still another feature, there is a masonry veneer mounting assembly that includes the support member in combination with at least a first mounting bracket and a second mounting bracket. The first and second mounting brackets are laterally spaced apart. The web of the masonry veneer support spans the first and second mounting brackets. The masonry veneer support is held in place on the brackets by retainers that clip the masonry veneer support to the first and second mounting brackets. In another feature, the masonry veneer support has a corner formed therein and there is at least a third mounting bracket mounted around the corner from the first and second mounting brackets such that the third mounting bracket is non-coplanar with the first and second mounting brackets. In still another feature, the web has a first portion and a second portion. The second portion of the web is discontinuous from the first portion. The first portion is mounted to the first and second mounting brackets. The second portion of the web is mounted to the third mounting bracket.
The foregoing aspects and features of the invention may be understood with the aid of the accompanying illustrations, in which:
The description that follows, and the embodiments described therein, are provided by way of illustration of an example, or examples, of particular embodiments of the principles of the present invention. These examples are provided for the purposes of explanation, and not of limitation, of those principles and of the invention. In the description, like parts are marked throughout the specification and the drawings with the same respective reference numerals. The drawings may be taken as being to scale, or generally proportionate, unless indicated otherwise.
The terminology used in this specification is thought to be consistent with the customary and ordinary meanings of those terms as they would be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art in North America. Following from the decision of the Court of Appeal for the Federal Circuit in Phillips v. AWH Corp., the Applicant expressly excludes all interpretations that are inconsistent with this specification, and, in particular, expressly excludes any interpretation of the claims or the language used in this specification such as may be made in the USPTO, or in any other Patent Office, other than those interpretations for which express support can be demonstrated in this specification or in objective evidence of record in accordance with In re Lee, (for example, earlier publications by persons not employed by the USPTO or any other Patent Office), demonstrating how the terms are used and understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, or by way of expert evidence of a person or persons of experience in the art.
Referring to the general arrangement of
In this description, reference is made to load-bearing structure, and load-bearing wall structure. The description pertains to mounting bracket assemblies that support external facing veneer components, such as face brick, spaced away from the supporting structure. The mounting brackets are anchored to load-bearing structure. Whether that load bearing structure is a structural wall or a concrete floor slab carried by framework, by a poured wall, by a block wall, or other load bearing members, in the context of this description whether it is a wall, a floor, or a ceiling, within the meaning of this specification it is a load-bearing wall structure to which the veneer supporting members may be mounted.
This description relates to apparatus, such as shelf angle assembly 30, for supporting masonry veneer, such as face brick or face stone, whether rough or finished. The masonry veneer, or whatever type, may sometimes be taken as having a weight of 35 lbs/sq.ft. The various alternatives herein include a first member (or several first members), and a second member. The first member, or first members may be wall mounting brackets. The second member may be a shelf angle. The term “shelf angle” is a term of art in the science or art of building construction. See, for example “Technical Notes on Brick Construction” by the Brick Industry Association, 1850 Centennial Park Drive, Reston, Va., 20191, www.gobrick.com (703) 620-0010, identified as 28B and dated December 2005, found at https://www.gobrick.com/docs/default-source/read-research-documents/technicalnotes/28b-brick-veneer-steel-stud-walls.pdf?sfvrsn=. A “shelf angle” is a substantial structural member, capable of carrying the 35 lbs/sq. ft. load of a masonry veneer, and is not to be confused with light metal railings for kitchen shelves, book shelves, or display cabinets in a retail display. A shelf angle has a forwardly extending leg that has a length, or reach, that exceeds the depth of face brick. Such a length may be 4 to 6 inches, or possibly more. Unless otherwise stated, as a default herein, the first member and second member may be as being steel, which may be a mild steel. Other materials may be suitable depending on the circumstances and the designed loads. A shelf angle may be a rolled steel member having a back, or web, as rolled from the steel mill, square to the horizontal flange, or shelf, upon which the masonry veneer sits. It has a material thickness that is generally ¼″ or more, such as or 5/16″, ⅜″ or 7/16″ or ½″, with various lineal weights per foot. Shelf angles are sometimes made in 20 ft or 40 ft lengths, cut to length, and, in some instances, may have mounting apertures or other fittings in the back as described hereinbelow, or machined, cut, or punched to yield the segmented form described in greater detail herein. Likewise, shelf angle mounting brackets are substantial structural elements of sizes, thicknesses and weights commensurate with the role of supporting shelf angles and the masonry veneer they carry.
Wall assembly 20 may include load-bearing structure, or a load bearing assembly, indicated generally as 22, and externally visible facing elements, indicated generally as 24. The externally visible facing elements are mated to, or linked to, or stabilized by, load bearing structure 22. The linking, or positioning of the facing elements with the load-bearing structural elements may be achieved by the use of interface elements such as supports, or support assemblies, 26, and tying members 28. Support assemblies 26 and tying members 28 may be taken as being made of mild steel unless otherwise noted. Combinations of load bearing frame or wall assemblies, such as 22, facing elements 24, support assemblies 26 and tying assemblies 28 may be assembled as indicated in
Load-bearing structure 22 can be understood as being a supporting primary structure, which may have several different forms. First, it may include a foundation, which may be a poured concrete foundation 32. There may be a floor structure, such as a poured concrete floor slab 34. Floor slab 34 may carry a wall structure 36 which may have the form of laid blocks 38, or which may in other embodiments include a framed structure, such as may be a wood or steel framed structure.
Visible facing elements 24 may include brickwork 40, or stonework, be it rough stone or finished stone, or other cladding. The anchor system may support masonry veneer, thin granite veneer, large stone panels or pre-cast concrete in place of the bricks. In
Second members 50 are secured to load bearing wall structure 22. The securement may be, for example, mechanical securements such as threaded fasteners or expanding fasteners or anchors 54. In securement to a poured concrete wall or floor slab (as shown), fasteners 54 may be concrete anchors. Fasteners 54 may be concrete anchor fittings, as shown in
Second members 50 have a depth (in the y-direction) that may correspond to, or may be greater than, the thickness of insulation panels 56 such as may be mounted to the front (or outside) face of the structural load-bearing wall assembly 22. There may also be a drainage shield, or flashing, 58 such as may encourage moisture to drain outwardly of and away from structural wall assembly 26. A vapour barrier membrane 59 may be captured behind insulation panels 56. Flashing 58 may traverse insulation 56 at the level of shelf angle 44 with its lowermost margin draining over angle iron 46, such that any moisture draining over vapour barrier 59 is drained away. That is, a continuous metal flashing 58 is supported on or above shelf angle 46. It may connect to a continuous flexible flashing which extends over the brick supports and that may connect to a vapour barrier membrane on the outer face of the wall. Sheets of rigid insulation may be mounted over top of the membrane on the outer face of the wall. The anchor system shown allows cavity insulation to be continuous behind the brick support. The rigid insulation may be of a thickness that allows an air space or gap ‘G’ between the insulation and the external veneer brick facing 40 mounted on shelf angle 46. The angle support brackets 52 may be made in a variety of sizes each corresponding to a desired thickness of the rigid insulation and air space. For example, the support bracket of the embodiments of
In some embodiments, tying members 28 may be located upwardly of support assembly 26. Tying members 28 may have the form of brick tie assembly 60, in which there is an anchor 62 and a brick tie 64. As may be noted, anchor 62 has a body 66 such as may have the form of a stamped steel plate. The distal portion of body 66 may be termed a tail 68. Tail 68 may have a length in the y-direction (i.e., into the wall) corresponding to the through thickness of cinder blocks 38, and such as may be located between adjacent blocks of a block wall, and embedded in the mortar therebetween. Alternatively, tail 68 may be embedded in a further poured concrete wall, as may be. To that end, tail 68 may have perforations such as may permit mortar (or poured concrete) to flow therethrough. Body 66 may also have a proximal portion 70 of a depth in the y-direction corresponding to the thickness of insulation panel 56. Proximal portion 70 may be perforated to reduce thermal conduction in the y-direction. Proximal portion 70 may have a step, or abutment, or indexing or locating feature, such as a shoulder, by which the correct depth position in the y-direction is obtained relative to the cinder block and the insulation. Body 66 may also have an outermost end portion 74 having an array of tie location apertures, or seats or positions 76. A faceplate 78 seats on the outside face of the insulation, and may be used on installation where the positioning of anchor 62 is set prior to installation of tail 68 in a poured concrete form. Brick tie 64 is then located in one or another of the seat positions 76. When the successive courses of bricks 42 are laid, the outermost ends of brick tie 64 are embedded in the mortar between courses, as suggested in
Considering
Back 82 may have a mounting, a seat, or an attachment fitting 90 such as shown in
As installed, as suggested in
The side plates defined by legs 84, 86 are receive and carry the brick support defined by bracket 46. Looking at leg 84 as being representative also of leg 86, and considering the profile shown in
A moment restraint is indicated as retainer 100. Retainer 100 includes, or can alternately be named as being, an upper reaction member, a securement, anchor, key, grip, lock or lock member, and so on. In the embodiment of
Leg 84 (or 86) may have a stop, or abutment, or seat, or accommodation 104 that, in use is occupied by one arm or leg, or finger 112 of retainer 100 is engaged or anchored. Accommodation 104 may be formed by trimming the upper end of back 98 and cutting a notch or relief or rebate 134 into the top end of legs 84 and 86. Back 98 may also be trimmed at the bottom end, and rearwardly extending feet 136 may remain that extend in the plane of the sidewalls, i.e., of legs 84 and 86. Retainer 100 over-reaches the upper end of the vertical leg of shelf angle 46, such that the other arm or finger, or leg 114 of retainer 100 depends or extends in front of the uppermost margin of first member 44. This may tend to prevent its escape, and tending to prevent it from rotating counter-clockwise as seen in
Vertical reaction interface 96 may be defined as the upper face of the toe, edge, or side of an extending portion or member, or abutment, or stop, or lug, or dog, or toe 108, however it may be called, such as may be or may define a protruding extension or protrusion in the y-direction of the lower margin of leg 84. That is, in the embodiment illustrated the recessed channel shape of seat 94 includes a shoulder at a bottom end. That shoulder defines vertical reaction interface 96, and it carries the shelf angle, such that the brick supporting flange extends laterally outward from the wall.
Lower reaction member 102 extends upwardly and away from the root of toe 108, and has the form of a wall or edge that faces wholly, substantially or predominantly in the +y direction. A fatigue detail, or stress relief detail, in the form of a finite radius relief 110 is provided at the root of the intersection of vertical reaction interface 96 and lower reaction member 102. The upper and lower stops (i.e., 100 and 102) constrain the translational degree of freedom of corresponding upper and lower regions of the back of angle iron 46, and thus define a moment-couple reaction inhibiting motion in the rotational degree of freedom about the x-axis of angle iron 46 in the counter-clockwise direction.
The overall height of seat 94 may be taken from the vertical shear transfer receiving interface of shoulder 96 to the uppermost extremity of the vertical leg 118 of shelf angle 44, and is indicated as h94 in the various Figures. In this embodiment, shelf angle 46 is mounted at a height that corresponds generally to the height of the attachment interface of back 82 to the load-bearing support wall structure. This may be expressed several ways. First, it may be expressed in the relative squareness of the mounting bracket when seen in side view, as in
As another measure of squareness, the lateral projection of fastener 54 falls between the upper and lower boundaries of seat 94. Expressed differently again, the projection of the y-direction of mounting fitting 90, namely slot 92, falls within the projection of seat 94 in the y-direction. This may be expressed equivalently as the projection of seat 94 in the y-direction including the footprint of the mounting fitting, where that footprint is defined by the y-direction projection of the inscribed perimeter of the contact of back 82 against the mating support structure. Either of those conditions also implies that the y-direction projection of shelf angle 46 also falls upon the mounting fitting footprint. As another expression of the squareness, it may be said that seat 94 lies opposite to mounting fitting 92, or generally substantially or predominantly in line with mounting fitting 92, as opposed to being offset downwardly therefrom as in the apparatus of
The brick support defined by angle iron 46 may include a mounting flange which engages anchor bracket 50, and a supporting flange arranged to carry bricks. The mounting flange and the supporting flange may typically be mounted at right angles to form an L-shaped angle iron, typically made of steel. As in the various Figures, angle iron 46 has a first or horizontal leg 116 and a second or vertical leg 118. Horizontal leg 116 extends forwardly (in the +y direction) away from vertical leg 118, and hence on installation also forwardly and away from bracket 52. Horizontal leg 116 runs along the wall structure in the x-direction. Typically the running length of the angle iron is much greater than the horizontal leg length. For example, in one embodiment the running length may be 72 inches, while the leg of the angle may be 6 inches or less. In various embodiments the x:y aspect ratio of lengths may be in the range of 4:1 to 16:1. In other embodiments the running length may be 20 ft. or 40 ft., or a portion thereof as cut-to-length, giving an aspect ratio of 4:1 to 100:1. Bracket 52 may be cut to length as may suit. As installed, the length of leg 116 proud of the end of toe 108 in the y-direction, L40, may have a length corresponding to the depth in the y-direction of the facing members to be supported. In the case of face brick, that length corresponds to the depth of the face brick. In some embodiments it may be somewhat less than the depth of the face brick to permit the iron to be less noticeably visible, or to be hidden as in
In the embodiment of
In the engagement of toe or dog 108 in accommodation or relief 120, as may be, it may be that the lowermost margin of leg 84 (or 86) does not extend lower than (i.e., downwardly proud of) the bottom of horizontal leg 116, such that no additional vertical clearance allowance is required for toe 108, meaning that the toe is concealed behind the external veneer and the bottom edge of the lowest course of bricks may be lower than otherwise. Expressed differently, in terms of a seating arrangement of structural members, second member 50 may be considered to be the receiving member, and first member 44 may be considered to be the received member. In the arrangement of
The received member, such as the shelf angle identified as angle iron 46, is itself a receiving member, or accommodation, for the externally visible facing elements, and as the facing elements are received, rearward structure such as bracket 52 is obscured from view. The received member need not be an angle iron, and whether or not it is an angle iron, is need not have a 90 degree angle. In more general terms, the received member has a first portion that defines a seat or bench, or accommodation, or support, or platform or under-girding, or shelf, for the externally visible facing members, hence the term “shelf angle”. It is a form of sill. The received member also has a second portion that engages the receiving member such that vertical load from the received member is transmitted or carried into the receiving member and thence into the load-bearing supporting structure. In that sense the second portion can be thought of as an engagement fitting, or key, or inter-locking feature, or indexing feature, that mates with the receiving member. It happens that an L-shaped angle iron may be a convenient form having these properties.
Considering
In the embodiments shown in
Support assemblies 26 need not be located only at the lowermost course of facing elements 40, but may be located at intermediate heights, with bricks both above and below the support bench defined by the horizontal leg of the shelf angle. Such locations may occur at horizontal control joints, employed in structures having wall heights over 30 ft. A shelf angle may be used for each successive storey. The height of the structure to which the support assembly may be mounted may not necessarily be the height of the structure at which the shelf angle is to be located. There may be circumstances when the shelf angle is to be located some distance below the level of the securement to load-bearing structure.
Considering
In
In
In each case the general description of installation and use is substantially the same. That is, a brick support in the form of a standard size shelf angle is mounted across the wall on the anchoring brackets. The anchoring brackets are first bolted to the wall by securing the bolts loosely by hand. The brick support is then mounted on the anchoring brackets by placing the shelf angle in the seat. Once the shelf angle is seated, retainer 100 is installed, in these examples by downward vertical translation so that retainer clasps the vertical leg of shelf angle 44 to mounting bracket 52. The rearward edge at 102 prevents the brick support from being further pivoted within the recessed channel under the increasing moment couple as the weight of the bricks is applied to the brick support.
Until the nuts on the respective bolts are tightened, the relative height of each anchoring bracket is adjustable by sliding the anchoring bracket laterally along the brick support as the anchoring bracket is moved upward or downward relative to the bolt extending from the wall. This lateral movement of the anchoring bracket relative to the brick support with the adjustment in height is due to the inclination of the fastener slot from the vertical. Once the nuts are tightened on the bolts the brick support is secured to the load-bearing wall structure, and bricks may be supported thereon. The inclination of the fastener slot from the vertical acts to inhibit vertical displacement of the anchoring bracket along the mounting bolt through the resistance of the lateral movement of the anchoring bracket along the brick support. Having anchoring brackets of opposing orientation mounted adjacent to each other further restricts the entire brick anchor system from shifting positions relative to the wall once the bolts are tightened. The relative location of the anchoring brackets remains adjustable as the brick support is mounted thereon for accommodating irregularities in the wall or misalignment between adjacent anchoring brackets. Once the brick support is securely fastened to the wall further vertical displacement of the anchoring brackets is inhibited by the resistance of lateral movement of the anchoring brackets relative to the brick support due to the arrangement of the fastener slot.
In
Returning to
Second member, or shelf angle, 44, however, is made of shelf angle in the form of an angle iron 200 that is segmented. That is, the horizontal leg 202 of angle iron 200 has reliefs formed therein, as at 204, 206, 208 and so on. Consequently, rather than being a continuous web, horizontal leg 202 has a series or array 210 of discrete tabs, or sub-shelves, or supports, or support legs or toes, or segments 212, 214, 216, 218, and so on. The notch or relief may be slightly V-shaped or tapering when seen from above in the un-deflected condition, such that it is wider at the distal, outside end or margin; and narrowest nearest the root at the vertical flange. Notch or relief 204, 206, 208 may extend through the bottom or lowermost portion of vertical flange, web, or leg 222, and may extend upwardly beyond the radius of the curve at the transition or junction between vertical leg 222 and horizontal leg 202 of shelf angle 44. The removal of the materials from the array of reliefs means that structural connection of the segments is limited to that provided by the linking of vertical leg 222. At these locations between the segments of the horizontal shelf, the remaining upstanding back or flange or web is effectively formed into an in-plane line connection (i.e., the line is in the plane of vertical leg 222) or neck, or hinge, 224, 226, 228. In this location, or neck, the second moment of area Iyy in bending about the vertical axis has been reduced from that of angle iron 200 generally to that of the neck or hinge, which is much less, being the in-plane second moment of area of the web, alone. The neck is comparatively flexible, and can be thought of as a bending location, or hinge, at which shelf angle 200 may tend to bend more easily than elsewhere. The neck can also be considered as a spacer, or index, or reference, or datum, that sets or fixes maintains the arc length, or path length, between adjacent segments of shelf angle 200 on installation. The back or vertical leg 222 of the various segments of angle iron 200 (i.e., of shelf angle 44) may include a lightening or access aperture 230 that may provide access to the head of the nut of mechanical fastener 54. On installation, the back follows an arc or path, whether straight or bent at the necks between the angle segments. In an angle such as one of the segments shown, the neutral axis of the second moment of area relative to bending about a vertical axis will lie in a plane that is perpendicular to the horizontal leg, located forwardly of the vertical leg. In the neck region, the neutral axis in bending will lie within the through-thickness of the vertical leg, and may lie in the middle of the section. Accordingly, the neck will be easier to bend than the adjacent angle, as the second moment of area, Iyy, will be smaller.
As described above, shelf angle 44 is linked to the supporting wall structure by an array of mounting brackets, as exemplified by the mounting bracket of support assembly 26. Traditionally, an array of such mounting brackets (be it as few as a spaced-apart pair) would be mounted on a planar wall. However, while shelf angle 50 may be mounted in the traditional manner as a straight-line element, it can also be mounted to an arcuate surface, such as a curved wall, symbolized by the circular arcs 232, 234 of
Insertion of the various segments of angle iron 200 into the mounting brackets is in translation in the radial direction. In this form of installation, the angle iron is not rotated into a seat, as in U.S. Pat. No. 6,128,883 of Hatzinikolas, but rather moved radially. On installation, a first segment, such as end segment 212, is seated in its mounting support bracket, and a retainer is installed, locking segment 212 in place. Angle iron 200 is deflected to wrap around the curvature of the arc of the wall, as on arc 232, such that the further segments 212, 214, 216, or 218 are positioned to conform to the arc. When segment 216 or 218 is in place, a further clip or retainer 100 is installed. Bending of angle iron 200 at its various hinges 224, 226, 228 and so on occurs, as angle iron 200 is deflected to wrap on the contour of the wall structure, with additional clips or retainers 100 being installed at corresponding mounting support brackets along the curve.
In an alternate embodiment, the shelf angle may be supplied not as a single monolith that spans several mounting brackets, whether that shelf angle is a straight line or flexible into a noon-straight line installation. That is, the shelf angle may be supplied as the discrete segments 212, 214, 216, 218 themselves. Each discrete segment may then be mounted to its own mounting bracket 52, (or such other embodiments as may be, as seen, for example in the other embodiments described herein) and locked in place with a respective retainer 100. Where individual segments are used, the older style of mounting bracket, with an overhanging finger and partial rotation on installation may also be employed, since there is no out-of-plane flexing of the shelf angle. An array of such segments and brackets may form an array positioned to support the masonry veneer members of a wall. In the array, the adjacent shelf edges may be placed as closely together as if the vertical webs of the back were joined and bent, but are not. In some embodiments, the vertical webs or flanges of the neighbouring segments may be positioned to abut each other. In that example, rather than the shelf angle being continuous and flexible, the segments are discontinuous.
Retainers 100 are suited for use in such an incrementally installed curved angle iron 200, because they can be installed one-at-a-time sequentially. In the seat style of U.S. Pat. No. 6,128,883 of Hatzinikolas, the vertical leg of the shelf angle must be installed in all of the support mounting brackets at the same time, and the shelf angle must be substantially straight as it is rotated into position. Here, even when installing a straight shelf angle, the one-at-a-time installation of the clips or retainers permits simpler and more forgiving installation, with the retainer cinching the back of the shelf angle into final position as it is installed. Since the clip has a lateral extent (i.e., in the x-direction) as it is installed that is quite a bit less than the lateral extent of the vertical leg of the particular segment, possibly in the range of ½ to ¾ of that length, there is room for adjustment where the segment is not precisely centered on the support mounting bracket. As may also be noted, installation of the shelf angle, e.g., angle iron 200, involves translation in the x-direction, without the need for rotation as the angle is being installed. The degree of freedom of the installed lock, or locking member, namely retainer 100, is different from the degree of freedom of installation of shelf angle 200. That is, in the example the degree of freedom of the locking member is vertical. However, it need not be perpendicular, but could be angled, or set on a taper or wedge such as might tend to tighten as retainer 100 is driven into place. The motion of installation of retainer 100 is independent of the direction of motion of installation of shelf angle 200.
Looking at retainer 100 in
The embodiments of
In the embodiment of
In the embodiment of
In the alternate embodiment of
In the alternate embodiment of
In the alternate embodiment of
A further alternate embodiment is shown in
In this example, mounting bracket 302 may have the form of a long-legged channel having a back 310, a first web or leg 312 and a second web or leg 314, the two legs 312 and 314 being attached to and extending forwardly away from back 310. In the example, legs 312 and 314 are square to back 310, and are spaced apart and parallel. The vertical length may be taken as being the same as, or in the same ranges as, the long legs previously described. The lower region of the forward margins of the legs again define a seat 320 that engages the shelf angle, the seat including a horizontal portion, the top margin of the toe, and an upwardly extending portion which engages the back, or vertical flange of the shelf angle. To that end, the seat may include a forwardly protruding toe 316, 318 respectively, whose upper shoulder, or edge, defines a vertical shear load transfer interface. The upper region or portion of the back includes a second load transfer interface in the form of an attachment fitting, slot 322, as before.
The forward margin of legs 312, 314 extends upwardly from toes 316, 318. A retainer accommodation 324, 326 is formed inwardly of that margin at a height greater than the upwardmost extent of the back, or flange, of shelf angle 304 when installed. Each of accommodations 324, 326 may have the form of a forwardly open slot having a first portion 328 and a second portion 330. The first portion extends inwardly from the forward margin, and the second portion is kinked or dog-legged relative to the first portion. This leaves an overhanging finger 308. The first portion extends inwardly and downwardly, while the second portion extends upwardly, generally parallel to the forward most margin. Retainer 306 has a matching shape having corresponding first and second portions 332, 334, as well as a third portion 336 which defines a finger or catch that, when installed, locates in front of the vertical back or flange 310 of shelf angle 304. As located it provides a moment couple reaction interface to act against the rotational moment of the masonry veneer on the shelf. In the example, the first and third portions 332, 336 are substantially parallel, and middle portion 334 forms a web between them, the web being slanted such that the section has a Z shape. On installation, shelf angle 304 is placed on seat 320, and retainer 306 is then driven sideways (i.e., parallel to the running direction of the shelf angle) into the slots or accommodations 324, 326, thus locking the shelf angle in place. Retainer 306 could also be referred to as a key, or a locking member. When face brick or other masonry veneer is installed on the shelf angle, the forward finger of retainer 306 engages the forward face of the vertical flange of the shelf angle, and provides the reaction force acting in the rearward direction to prevent rotation of the shelf angle. The dog-legged geometry of the slot and Z shape prevents retainer 306 from disengaging from the mounting bracket.
In the embodiment of
In the embodiment of
In the embodiment of
As with channel 80 of support bracket 52, in this example the second member is wall mounting bracket 404, which has a channel shape having a back 410, a first leg 412, a second leg 414, a first protruding toe 416, a second protruding toe 418, a first rearward blade or abutment 420, a second rearward blade or abutment 422, and first and second upwardly protruding lugs, or fingers, or dogs, or stubs, or anchors 424, 426, however they may be called. In the embodiment shown, first leg 412 includes, or is formed integrally with toe 416, abutment 420 and retainer anchor 424. Likewise, second leg 414 includes, or is formed integrally with, toe 418, abutment 422, and anchor 426. In the example shown those respective elements are co-planar. Back 410 includes a mounting fitting 408, which, as before, has the form of a diagonal slot. On installation a mechanical fastener co-operates with mounting fitting 408 to secure mounting bracket 404 to supporting structure, be it steel beams or other framework, a poured concrete slab, or other framing structure. The mounting fitting is the vertical load output, or vertical load output interface, however it may be named.
Each of legs 412 and 414 is perforated by an array of openings 434, 436. Mounting bracket 404 may be made of plate or sheet steel. A blank 440 is cut from the steel sheet as in
In the embodiment of
In the embodiment of
The embodiment of
In the embodiments of
Furthermore, mounting brackets similar to those described above having rearward abutments may also be made that do not employ a retainer clip, as in the embodiments of
Legs 514, 516 are perforated to yield an open truss. That is, each of legs 514, 516 has a first member, being an upright 536, that may be termed the proximal upright, it being the margin that runs along and is joined to the respective left-hand or right-hand margin of back 512. Each of legs 514, 516 also has a second upright member 538, defined by the distal margin thereof, bounded by back portion 526 and slot portion 528, and from which toes 526 and overhanging fingers 530 extend forwardly. Each of legs 514, 516 also has a first strut or strut member, which may be identified as top chord 540, and a second strut, or strut member which may be identified as bottom chord 542. Within this four-sided box or frame, leg 514, 516 may include an array of bracing members, such as diagonal braces 544, 546 with may be termed upper and lower diagonal braces respectively. Braces 544, 546 may be convergent rearwardly. The array of perforations 550 may include first, second, and third perforations 552, 554, 556, that, when punched out or cut, leave the shape of struts or braces 542, 544. In the example, upper and lower perforations 552, 556 are trapezoidal, while perforation 544 may be an isosceles triangle located between them. Where a taller mounting bracket is used, there may be more perforations, or more sets of perforations. The perforations reduce the cross-sectional area of the leg for heat transfer.
The embodiment of
In the embodiments of
In masonry veneer systems, the object is to space the veneer outwardly by an offset from the support structure, such as may permit a layer of insulation to be installed, and an air gap to be provided. When the various embodiments of masonry veneer mounting support structure assembly are installed, the respective shelf angle carries an eccentric load relative to the supporting wall structure to which it is mounted proportional to that offset distance. The load is offset from the wall structure by the depth of the mounting bracket in the x-direction, namely the direction perpendicular to the wall. The moment couple in the clockwise direction (relative to
The metal of the support bracket and shelf angle may themselves act as thermal bridges by which there may be heat transfer from the building to the outside, or the reverse. To reduce thermal loss through the mounting bracket and shelf angle of the mounting support assembly, a less thermally conductive shim may be placed behind the back of the mounting bracket and the supporting wall structure. However, where a polymeric spacer is used, those portions of the polymer under compressive load may tend to wish to deform, or creep, over an extended period of time. This would tend to allow the shelf angle to rotate over time, which may result in the cracking of the veneer. Further, in a fire a polymeric spacer may tend to soften or melt, such as may relieve the clamping force of the fastener.
In respect of the embodiments of
The example of
Array 640 could include apertures such as 436, 434, separated by a diagonal 438; or it could include repeating sets of three apertures 552, 554, 556 separated by diagonals 544, 546, and a top strut 540. Alternatively, as shown in
As shown, the mounting bracket may have an external coating. It may be a low thermal conductivity coating. It may be called a thermal insulation coating, or a thermal resistance coating, or a thermal barrier, or thermal barrier coating, or thermal insulation layer. For the purposes of this discussion, “low” thermal conductivity can be arbitrarily assessed as the thermal conductivity of the coating being less than 1 W/m-K. In general, thermal conductors such as metals and metal alloys have a thermal conductivity greater than 1 W/m-K. by contrast, materials that are commonly understood to be thermal insulators, such as wood materials, plastic resins, insulating ceramics, and so on tend typically to have a thermal conductivity less than 1 W/m-K In some embodiments, the coating may have a thermal conductivity that is less than 1/50 of the thermal conductivity of the material from which the body of the mounting bracket is made, e.g., mild steel. In some instances the thermal conductivity of the coating may be less than 0.1 W/m-K. The coating may be a polymeric coating. In particular embodiments, the polymeric coating may be an acrylic coating. The coating may have, and in the embodiment illustrated does have, an aerogel filler mixed in the resin of the coating. One such product is supplied by Tnemec Inc., 6800 Corporate Drive, Kansas City, Mo. 64120 USA under the identification “Series 971 Aerolon Acrylic”, or simply “Aerolon”. The manufacturer suggests that the thermal conductivity of the coating may be in the range of 12 mW/m-K. The application of the coating includes a primer and a top coat. The Application of such a coating to mounting bracket 52. In one embodiment, the thermally resistive coating, or low thermal conductivity coating, however it may be called, is applied to the surface of the shelf angle seat of the mounting bracket, thereby defining a thermal resistance between the mounting bracket and the shelf angle when installed. It can be conceptually thought of as a contact resistance. The resistance is then located at the mounting interface between one member, the shelf angle, and another member, the mounting bracket. It can also be termed a thermal conductivity barrier or break. In another embodiment a thermal resistance coating, or a low thermal conductivity coating is applied to the interface between the first member, i.e., the mounting bracket, and the supporting structure to which it is mounted or secured. That is, the thermal barrier coating, or low thermal conductivity coating is applied to the back or to the abutments of the mounting bracket. This yield a thermal break or thermal resistance or thermal barrier at the interface between the first member and the supporting structure. This may be done whether the mounting bracket has lightening holes as shown in
Furthermore, coating the surface of the mounting bracket, generally, may tend to encourage the coating surface to approximate more closely the temperature of the air space in which the mounting bracket is located. The tendency for moisture from the air to condense on the surface of the mounting bracket is a function of the temperature of the mounting bracket. As such, a thermal coating on the mounting bracket surface constitutes a thermal resistance between the temperature of the member, namely the mild steel of the body of the mounting bracket, and the air temperature in the space. This resistance is in addition to such resistance as may be due to the convection heat transfer co-efficient of the surface. Furthermore, the thermal insulation coating may alter the radiation heat transfer surface properties of the mounting bracket such as to alter, or to diminish, their emissivity at moderate temperatures likely to be experience in building structures, or to enhance their reflectivity. In either case, the overall effect may be equivalent to a reduction in the apparent convention heat transfer co-efficient. Similarly, the shelf angle, such as shelf angle 46 or 162, 304, 344, 362, 402, 430, or 502, or such as may be, may also have a coating, or strip of coating of a thermally insulative coating applied in the region at which it mates with the seat or accommodation of the mounting bracket. Alternatively, the entire shelf angle may be coated. In some embodiments both the mounting bracket and the shelf angle may be coated.
The embodiments of
In that context, In
Mounting brackets 702 and 704 (and others as may be) are spaced apart as before. Assembly 700 has a shelf angle, or masonry support member 710 that spans the space between support brackets 702, 704. It has a flange, shelf 712, having a horizontal surface upon which to mount masonry veneer. It also has a web in the form of back 714 that stands as the vertical upright leg. As before, back 714 has an array of pairs of apertures 716, 718 that receive the toes of mounting brackets 702, 704, also as described above. They could be toes that mount under the shelf. However in irregular or interruption installations such as corners, windows and doors, it may be probable that it may be desirable to conceal the mounting brackets from view, and so apertures 716, 718 may be used. The shelf angle, or masonry support member 710 differs from the shelf angles described above in that shelf 712 has lateral wings 722, 724 that extend laterally beyond, i.e., sideways of, the lateral ends of back 714. Wings 722, 724 also have portions 726, 728 that extend rearwardly of the vertical plane of back 714. In this embodiment, shelf 712 also differs from the masonry support shelves of the shelf angles described above in that the length of the leg of shelf 712 is not constant. There is a first portion, or first leg, 730, and second and third portions, or second and third legs, 732 and 734, to either side of first portion or first leg 730 and in front of back 714. The length of leg 730 is different from the lengths of second and third portions 732, 734. As shown it is shorter, yielding a notch 720. When, e.g., face bricks are placed on the three portions, the central brick is inset rearward on leg 730 relative to the adjacent bricks on legs or portions 732, 734, such that a vertical channel or flute is formed therebetween. The vertical channel may be a decorative architectural feature, or it may have a functional role, such as to accommodate a down-spout. The lengths of portions 732, 734 need not be the same. Alternatively, the first leg could be longer than the second and third legs. As can be understood, support member 710 is made from a single sheet or plate of steel, punched to the desired profile, and then bent along the fold line between shelf 712 and back 714.
It may also be that whereas back 714 is straight and planar, the final desired form of the masonry is not straight and planar, but rather is curved, or is formed as segments on a curve. To that end, the length of legs 732 and 734 is not constant, but rather is formed on a taper or curve. As shown, the leg length decreases from the corner adjacent notch 720 to the merger with wings 722, 724 respectively. In this example, legs 732, 734 are on a straight taper, and the forward edge of wings 722, 724 is formed on a smooth curve, and ends at a rearward corner and a squared edge, or rectangular edged end. The squared or cornered end allows bricks or other masonry veneer to extend rearwardly of the plane of back 714, or, more generally, rearwardly of the tangent plane of the respective lateral edge 736 of back 714 in the case where back 714 is formed on a curve rather than in a plane.
Whereas in the flexible shelf angle of
Although only the corner assemblies are shown, masonry support assemblies 700 and 750 could have laterally longer legs, or could be mounted adjacent to straight shelf angle assemblies or to flexible contour-following shelf angle assemblies such as seen in
Various embodiments of the invention have been described in detail. As explained, the various embodiments described address one or more of the various problems and challenges of dealing with curved walls and with discontinuities or interruptions in a wall structure such as corners, windows, doors, the desirability of reducing heat transfer, the facilitation of manufacturing, and so on. Since changes in and or additions to the above-described best mode may be made without departing from the nature, spirit or scope of the invention, the invention is not to be limited to those details but only by the appended claims.
This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 62/774,535 filed Dec. 3, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application 62/942,401 filed Dec. 2, 2019, the specification and drawings thereof hereby being incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 779268 | Elliott | Jan 1905 | A |
| 1455712 | Collins | May 1923 | A |
| 1697003 | Fink | Jan 1929 | A |
| 1729935 | Froehlich | Oct 1929 | A |
| 1764134 | Young et al. | Jun 1930 | A |
| 2363156 | Sinner et al. | Nov 1944 | A |
| 3050160 | Chesser et al. | Aug 1962 | A |
| 3234702 | Zibell | Feb 1966 | A |
| 3293810 | Cox | Dec 1966 | A |
| 3341909 | Havener | Sep 1967 | A |
| 3414224 | Robilliard et al. | Dec 1968 | A |
| 3450427 | Fischer et al. | Jun 1969 | A |
| 3666303 | Huls | May 1972 | A |
| 3680271 | Satchell | Aug 1972 | A |
| 3730466 | Swanquist | May 1973 | A |
| 3942292 | Robinson | Mar 1976 | A |
| 4013253 | Perrault et al. | Mar 1977 | A |
| 4094415 | Larson | Jun 1978 | A |
| 4390103 | Husband | Jun 1983 | A |
| 4422610 | Hunt | Dec 1983 | A |
| 4429850 | Weber et al. | Feb 1984 | A |
| 4447961 | Valat | May 1984 | A |
| 4515494 | Robilliard et al. | May 1985 | A |
| 4805364 | Smolik | Feb 1989 | A |
| 4827684 | Allan | May 1989 | A |
| 4869043 | Hatzinikolas et al. | Sep 1989 | A |
| D311858 | Richmond | Nov 1990 | S |
| 5018323 | Clausen | May 1991 | A |
| 5035099 | Lapish | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5063715 | Goodman | Nov 1991 | A |
| 5082388 | Lauterbach | Jan 1992 | A |
| 5212917 | Kurtz | May 1993 | A |
| 5265396 | Amimoto | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5313752 | Hatzinikolas | May 1994 | A |
| 5392581 | Hatzinikolas et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5405116 | Shepherd et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5456435 | Sweeney | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5588537 | Hagopian | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5619834 | Chen | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5794902 | Henry et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5816008 | Hohmann | Oct 1998 | A |
| 6098942 | Heath | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6128883 | Hatzinikolas | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6161709 | Kluge et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6298620 | Hatzinikolas | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6568126 | Womack | May 2003 | B2 |
| 6584741 | Hatzinikolas | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6817688 | O'Halloran | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6848224 | Bailey | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6883284 | Burgunder | Apr 2005 | B1 |
| 6973756 | Hatzinikolas | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 7367165 | Hatzinikolas | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7392911 | Stitchick et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7415803 | Bronner | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7469659 | de Jonge et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7614590 | Boville | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7654058 | Hatzinikolas | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7765771 | Serpico et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7908804 | Vieira | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 8051621 | Hatzinikolas | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8250827 | Lin et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8333048 | Talpe | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8490340 | Hatzinikolas | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8490341 | Hatzinikolas | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8555595 | Hatzinikolas | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8621802 | Spyrou | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8667763 | Hatzinikolas | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8893452 | Hatzinikolas | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8955263 | Hatzinikolas | Feb 2015 | B2 |
| 9010050 | Hatzinikolas | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9010062 | Hill | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9027301 | Guinn | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9316004 | Hatzinikolas | Apr 2016 | B1 |
| 10294676 | Hatzinikolas | May 2019 | B2 |
| 10323419 | Hatzinikolas | Jun 2019 | B2 |
| 20030177714 | Bailey | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20060156682 | McAndrew et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060272251 | Hatzinikolas | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20100287864 | Hatzinikolas | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20110107711 | Foley | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20140174014 | Hatzinikolas | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140190110 | Hatzinikolas | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20150059259 | Hatzinikolas | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20180298577 | Morey | Oct 2018 | A1 |
| 20200190814 | Hatzinikolas | Jun 2020 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 3128246 | Feb 1983 | DE |
| 1375777 | Jan 2004 | EP |
| 2526876 | Feb 2006 | GA |
| 2417039 | Feb 2006 | GB |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report & Written Opinion dated Mar. 12, 2020 for PCT/CA2019/051727. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200190814 A1 | Jun 2020 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62774535 | Dec 2018 | US | |
| 62942401 | Dec 2019 | US |
