Patent Grant
8576796
A method for allocating addressing for a mobile node on a communication system using a handover indicator, access type indicator, and other identification fields.
IP-based mobile systems provide for communication between at least one mobile node and a wireless communication network. The term “mobile node” includes a mobile communication unit (e.g., mobile terminal, “smart phones”, nomadic devices such as laptop PCs with wireless connectivity, as described in greater detail below). Among other elements, the wireless communication system includes a home network and a foreign network. The mobile node may change its point of attachment to the Internet through these networks, but the mobile node will always be associated with a single home network for IP addressing purposes. The home network includes a home agent and the foreign network includes a foreign agent—both of which control the routing of information packets into and out of their network.
The mobile node, home agent and foreign agent may be called different names depending on the nomenclature used on any particular network configuration or communication system. For instance, a “mobile node” encompasses PC's having cabled (e.g., telephone line (“twisted pair”), Ethernet cable, optical cable, and so on) connectivity to the wireless network, as well as wireless connectivity directly to the cellular network, as can be experienced by various makes and models of mobile terminals (“cell phones”) having various features and functionality, such as Internet access, e-mail, messaging services, and the like. Mobile nodes are sometimes called a user equipment, mobile unit, mobile terminal, mobile device, or similar names depending on the nomenclature adopted by particular system providers. Generally, there is also a correspondence node, which may be mobile or fixed, that may be located on the network for communicating with the mobile node.
A home agent may also be referred to as a Local Mobility Anchor, Home Mobility Manager, Home Location Register, and a foreign agent may be referred to as a Mobile Access Gateway, Serving Mobility Manager, Visited Location Register, and Visiting Serving Entity. The terms mobile node, home agent and foreign agent are not meant to be restrictively defined, but could include other mobile communication units or supervisory routing devices located on the home or foreign networks. Foreign networks can also be called serving networks.
Registering the Mobile Node
Foreign agents and home agents periodically broadcast an agent advertisement to all nodes on the local network associated with that agent. An agent advertisement is a message from the agent on a network that may be issued under the Mobile IP protocol (RFC 2002) or any other type of communications protocol. This advertisement should include information that is required to uniquely identify a mobility agent (e.g. a home agent, a foreign agent, etc.) to a mobile node. Mobile nodes examine the agent advertisement and determine whether they are connected to the home network or a foreign network.
The mobile node will always be associated with its home network and sub-network for IP addressing purposes and will have information routed to it by routers located on the home and foreign network. If the mobile node is located on its home network, information packets will be routed to the mobile node according to the standard addressing and routing scheme. If the mobile node is visiting a foreign network, however, the mobile node obtains appropriate information from the agent advertisement, and transmits a registration request message (sometimes called a binding update request) to its home agent through the foreign agent. The registration request message will include a care-of address for the mobile node. A registration reply message (also called a binding update acknowledge message) may be sent to the mobile node by the home agent to confirm that the registration process has been successfully completed.
The mobile node keeps the home agent informed as to its location on foreign networks by registering a “care-of address” with the home agent. The registered care-of address identifies the foreign network where the mobile node is located, and the home agent uses this registered care-of address to forward information packets to the foreign network for subsequent transfer onto the mobile node. If the home agent receives an information packet addressed to the mobile node while the mobile node is located on a foreign network, the home agent will transmit the information packet to the mobile node's current location on the foreign network using the applicable care-of address. That is, this information packet containing the care-of address will then be forwarded and routed to the mobile node on the foreign network by a router on the foreign network according to the care-of address.
When mobile nodes move from one foreign network to another foreign network, problems are sometimes encountered with the registration of the care of addressing with the home agent or local mobility anchor. Further, multiple interfaces may be supported on a single or multiple foreign networks, which can include the different communication access types 802.11d, 802.11g, FIRM, WiFi, WiMax, CDMA, or LTE. Problems can be encountered when the mobile node becomes coupled to different access types on a single or multiple networks. Thus, it is a primary objective of this invention to provide addressing support for a mobile node where there is a handover to a new foreign network, a handover to a second access type on the same foreign network (multiple access types are supported on the foreign network), and/or multiple interfaces are supported for connecting a mobile node to a foreign network.
The present invention solves these problems with a new proxy binding update request and proxy binding acknowledgement messages having new indicators and identification information. Namely, the home agent/local mobility anchor will exchange proxy binding update messages and proxy binding acknowledge messages that include information such as mobile node identification (MN-ID), home network prefix (HNP), but can also include selective information fields such as, access type, handover indicator (HO), and interface identification (interface ID). By including new access type, indicator, and identification information, the local mobility anchor can respond to a binding update request message with a better understanding of the new connectivity request from the mobile node. The proxy binding update request and acknowledgement messages may require new fields or expanded fields for the transmission of the additional information, and the local mobility anchor/home agent will also need to expand its binding cache entry table to support these new information fields. The invention can be implemented using a new protocol application or modified messages from prior registration applications.
The objects and features of the invention will become more readily understood from the following detailed description and appended claims when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like numerals represent like elements and in which:
The objects and features of the invention will become more readily understood from the following detailed description and appended claims when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like numerals represent like element.
In
The mobility agent gateway 135 is coupled to the mobile node 125 through the radio access system comprised of the base station transceiver 139 coupled to the antenna/transmitter 137 through the wireless communication link 127. The mobility agent gateway 155 is coupled the mobile node 125 using a second communication access type, such as WiMax or WiFi, which is supported by the interface 141 and wireless communication link 157.
Mobile node 125 is shown electronically coupled to the foreign networks 150 and 130 via the wireless communication link 157 and 127, respectively. The mobile node 125, however, can communicate with any transceiver or access network coupled to a foreign network. That is, communications links 127 and 157 are radio transmitted links, but these links can be composed of any connection between two or more nodes on a network or users on networks or administrative domains.
The terms Local Mobility Anchor, home agent, and foreign agent may be as defined in the Mobile IP Protocol (RFC 2002), but these agents are not restricted to a single protocol or system. In fact, the term home agent, as used in this application, can refer to a home mobility manager, home location register, home serving entity, or any other agent at a home network 110 having the responsibility to manage mobility-related functionality for a mobile node 125. Likewise, the term mobility agent gateway, as used in this application, can refer to a foreign agent, serving mobility manager, visited location register, visiting serving entity, or any other agent on a foreign network having the responsibility to manage mobility-related functionality for a mobile node 125.
In the mobile IP communications system shown in
The mobile node 125 keeps the local mobility anchor 113 informed of its current location, or foreign network association, by registering a care-of address with the local mobility anchor 113. Essentially, the care-of address represents the foreign network where the mobile node 125 is currently located. If the local mobility anchor 113 receives an information packet addressed to the mobile node 125 while the mobile node 125 is located on a foreign network 130, the local mobility anchor 113 will “tunnel” the information packet to foreign network 130 for subsequent transmission to mobile node 125.
The foreign agent 135 participates in informing the local mobility anchor 113 of the mobile node 125 current care-of address. The foreign agent 135 also receives information packets for the mobile node 125 after the information packets have been forwarded to the foreign agent 135 by the local mobility anchor 113. Moreover, the foreign agent 135 serves as a default router for out-going information packets generated by the mobile node 125 while connected to the foreign network 130.
The mobile node 125 participates in informing the local mobility anchor 125 of its current location and requests connections to the associated foreign network. When the mobile node 125 transitions to connecting to a different access type on the foreign network or a wholly different foreign network (handover), the mobile node 125 obtains appropriate information regarding the address of the foreign network and/or the foreign agent from an agent advertisement.
When first connected to the local mobility anchor 113, mobile node 125 would have created an entry on the binding cache entry table in
Because each access type on the networks shown on
If the comparison with the information in the proxy binding update request shows a different access type connection for the mobile node 125, the local mobility anchor will determine if the home network prefix should designate the foreign network where the mobile node 125 was previously located without any indication of a handover to a new foreign network. If that is the case, the entry for the mobile node 125 will be modified on the binding cache entry table to indicate that the mobile node 125 is still connected to the first foreign network 130, which information will be transmitted to the proper mobility access gateway 135 and the mobile node 125.
That is, this comparison may simple show the new connection for the mobile node 125 is to a new access type, as opposed to a handover to a new foreign network. If so, the local mobility anchor 113 will respond to the proxy binding update request with a proxy binding update response having a home network prefix indicator that points to the first foreign network 130. In this manner, a receipt of new proxy binding update request at the local mobility anchor 113 does not automatically create a new home network prefix for this mobile node, which solves some of the problems with determining when a mobile node is simply connecting to a new access type on the same network or being handed over to a new foreign network.
In
The mobility agent gateway 235 is coupled to the mobile node 225 through the radio access system comprised of the base station transceiver 239 coupled to the antenna/transmitter 237 through the communication link 227. The mobility agent gateway 255 is coupled to a second access type, such as WiMax or WiFi, through interface 241 coupled to the mobile node 225 by communication link 257.
Mobile node 225 is shown electronically coupled to the foreign networks 250 and 230 via the wireless communication link 257 (or 280) and 227, respectively. The mobile node 225, however, can communicate with any transceiver or access network coupled to a foreign network. That is, communications links 227, 280 and 241 are radio transmitted links, but these links can be composed of any connection between two or more nodes on a network or users on networks or administrative domains.
The terms Local Mobility Anchor, home agent, and foreign agent may be as defined in the Mobile IP Protocol (RFC 2002), but these agents are not restricted to a single protocol or system. In fact, the term home agent, as used in this application, can refer to a home mobility manager, home location register, home serving entity, or any other agent at a home network 210 having the responsibility to manage mobility-related functionality for a mobile node 225. Likewise, the term mobility agent gateway, as used in this application, can refer to a foreign agent, serving mobility manager, visited location register, visiting serving entity, or any other agent on a foreign network having the responsibility to manage mobility-related functionality for a mobile node 225.
In the mobile IP communications system shown in
The mobile node 225 keeps the local mobility anchor 213 informed of its current location, or foreign network association, by registering a care-of address with the local mobility anchor 213. Essentially, the care-of address represents the foreign network where the mobile node 225 is currently located. If the local mobility anchor 213 receives an information packet addressed to the mobile node 225 while the mobile node 225 is located on a foreign network 230, the local mobility anchor 213 will “tunnel” the information packet to foreign network 230 for subsequent transmission to mobile node 225.
The foreign agent 235 participates in informing the local mobility anchor 213 of the mobile node 225 current care-of address. The foreign agent 235 also receives information packets for the mobile node 225 after the information packets have been forwarded to the foreign agent 235 by the local mobility anchor 213. Moreover, the foreign agent 235 serves as a default router for out-going information packets generated by the mobile node 225 while connected to the foreign network 230.
The mobile node 225 participates in informing the local mobility anchor 225 of its current location and requests connections to the associated foreign network. When the mobile node 225 transitions to connecting to foreign network 250, the mobile node 225 obtains appropriate information regarding the address of the foreign network 250 and/or the foreign agent 255 from an agent advertisement.
When first connected to the local mobility anchor 213, mobile node 225 would have created an entry on the binding cache entry table in
In the system shown on
The handover indicator would include a new field in the transmission packet that would indicate a handover to the same access type on the same foreign network or a handover to a new foreign network. This information could also be indicated by a flag or other indicator to show the type of handover that will be initiated, e.g. flag “1” equals handover to same access type on same foreign network, flag “0” equals handover to different foreign network. The new field could also indicate if the handover status is unknown, or this is an initial request for a proxy binding update request. Other fields can be maintained on the binding cache entry table, and the transmission packets may be expanded to accommodate the new access type field of information.
The local mobility anchor 213 will check subsequent proxy binding update requests received from the mobile node 225 to determine the handover indicator status. If the handover indicator indicates that the mobile node is being connected to a different foreign network, the local mobility anchor 113 will initiate a protocol for a handover of the mobile node 225 to a new foreign network, such as a handover of mobile node 225 from foreign network 250 to foreign network 230. The local mobility anchor 213 will create a new binding cache entry for the mobile node, and the care-of addressing and home network prefix will be changed to designate the new foreign network as the network where the mobile node 225 can be located, which information will be transmitted to the proper mobility access gateway 235 and the mobile node 225.
If the handover indicator indicates that a handover is being requested to different access type connection for the mobile node 225 on the same foreign network 250, the local mobility anchor 213 will initiate a protocol for designating a home network prefix for the foreign network 250 where the mobile node 225 was previously located without any indication of a handover to a new foreign network. If that is the case, the entry for the mobile node 225 will be modified on the binding cache entry table to indicate that the mobile node 225 is still connected to the first foreign network 250, which information will be transmitted to the proper mobility access gateway 235 and the mobile node 225.
That is, this handover indicator may simply show the new connection for the mobile node 225 is to a new interface for the same access type on the same foreign network 250, as opposed to a handover to a new foreign network. If so, the local mobility anchor 213 will respond to the proxy binding update request with a proxy binding update response having a home network prefix indicator that points to the first foreign network 250. In this manner, a receipt of new proxy binding update request at the local mobility anchor 213 does not automatically create a new home network prefix for this mobile node, which solves some of the problems with determining whether a handover of the mobile node care-of addressing is necessary and whether it is necessary to designate a new foreign network or the same foreign network for this care-of addressing for the mobile node.
As an alternative embodiment that is covered by the scope of the invention, when first connected to the local mobility anchor 213, mobile node 225 would have created an entry on the binding cache entry table in
In the system shown on
In addition to the access type information and the handover indicator described above, the proxy binding update request would include a new field in the transmission packet that would identify the interface that will be used to connect the mobile node to the foreign network. The new field could also indicate if the interface identification is unknown. Other fields can be maintained on the binding cache entry table, and the transmission packets may be expanded to accommodate the new access type field of information.
The local mobility anchor 213 will check subsequent proxy binding update requests received from the mobile node 225 to determine the handover indicator status. If the access type, handover indicator and interface identification information indicates that the mobile node is being connected to a different foreign network, the local mobility anchor 113 will initiate a protocol for a handover of the mobile node 225 to a new foreign network, such as a handover of mobile node 225 from foreign network 250 to foreign network 230. The local mobility anchor 213 will create a new binding cache entry for the mobile node, and the care-of addressing and home network prefix will be changed to designate the new foreign network as the network where the mobile node 225 can be located, which information will be transmitted to the proper mobility access gateway 235 and the mobile node 225.
If the access type, handover indicator, and interface identification information indicates that a handover is being requested to different access type connection for the mobile node 225 on the same foreign network 250, the local mobility anchor 213 will initiate a protocol for designating a home network prefix for the foreign network 250 where the mobile node 225 was previously located without any indication of a handover to a new foreign network. If that is the case, the entry for the mobile node 225 will be modified on the binding cache entry table to indicate that the mobile node 225 is still connected to the first foreign network 250, which information will be transmitted to the proper mobility access gateway 235 and the mobile node 225.
That is, the access type, handover indicator, and interface information may simply show the new connection for the mobile node 225 is to a new interface for the same access type on the same foreign network 250, as opposed to a handover to a new foreign network. If so, the local mobility anchor 213 will respond to the proxy binding update request with a proxy binding update response having a home network prefix indicator that points to the first foreign network 250. In this manner, a receipt of new proxy binding update request at the local mobility anchor 213 does not automatically create a new home network prefix for this mobile node, which solves some of the problems with determining whether a handover of the mobile node care-of addressing is necessary and whether it is necessary to designate a new foreign network or the same foreign network for this care-of addressing for the mobile node.
While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, modifications thereof can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and teachings of the invention. The embodiments described herein are exemplary only, and are not intended to be limiting. Many variations and modifications of the invention disclosed herein are possible and are within the scope of the invention.
This application is related to Provisional Patent Application Ser. Nos. 60/978,821 filed on Oct. 10, 2007 and 60/979,414 filed on Oct. 12, 2007, and priority is claimed for this earlier filing under 35 U.S.C. §119(e). The Provisional Patent Application is also incorporated by reference into this utility patent application.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2008/011602 | 10/9/2008 | WO | 00 | 4/1/2010 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009/048583 | 4/16/2009 | WO | A |
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| 20110007711 | Muhanna | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
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| 200533374 | Mar 2005 | JP |
| 2006111938 | Oct 2006 | WO |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20100272061 A1 | Oct 2010 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60979414 | Oct 2007 | US | |
| 60978821 | Oct 2007 | US |
