The present invention relates to a support head for attachment to a formwork support for creating the formwork for a floor. The present invention further relates to a floor formwork system which has such formwork supports, support heads and corresponding floor formwork elements. The present invention further relates to a method for striking the formwork from a floor, which method can be carried out using a floor formwork system of this kind.
What are referred to as drop-head supports are known in practice, which supports are used to construct a floor formwork. Floor formwork panels, or else beams on which form boards are arranged, are mounted on the drop-head supports. The use of a drop-head support makes what is referred to as early striking possible. Early striking means that after the drop head has been released, at least some of the floor formwork panels or form boards are removed, although the drop-head supports (formwork supports having a drop head) remain in position in order to stabilize the floor until it has the necessary load-bearing capacity.
However, it has been demonstrated that the remaining drop-head supports create comparatively high costs for material maintenance, since the drop-head supports are complex compared with simply constructed formwork supports without drop heads.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a support head for attachment to a formwork support, a floor formwork system and a method which allows efficient production of a floor using a settable filler material such as concrete.
The object is achieved by a support head according to claim 1, a floor formwork system according to claim 8, and a method according to claim 14. The further claims relate to preferred embodiments.
The support head is designed for attachment to a formwork support, for creating the formwork for a floor using a large number of floor formwork elements which each have a form surface. The support head has a connecting portion for connecting the support head to a shaft portion of the formwork support. The support head further has two support portions which are suitable for supporting at least one pair of adjacent floor formwork elements of the large number of floor formwork elements such that each one of the floor formwork elements of the adjacent pair can be mounted on each of the support portions on at least one mounting point. The mounting points have a substantially equal formwork mounting height. The support head has an adjustment device for moving a first support portion into an arrangement in which the floor formwork element which can be mounted thereon can be mounted thereon on at least one subjacent mounting point which is at a lower mounting height than the formwork mounting height. At the lower mounting height, the mounting point of the second support portion remains at the formwork mounting height.
As a result, a support head is provided which allows efficient disassembly of the formwork supports and of the support heads together with the floor formwork elements when early striking takes place, in order to support the floor by mean of cost-effective tubular steel supports that do not have a complex support head until the desired setting is achieved. Owing to the design of the support head according to the invention, the disassembly can take place efficiently such that no support-free zones result that are already too large for the load caused by the dead weight of the floor. The concrete could be damaged by support-free zones that are too large.
Compared with conventional methods, the support head according to the invention therefore allows early reuse of the support head in a further floor formwork, for example in a subsequent story. As a result, the number of necessary support heads can be reduced and costs for maintaining the support heads can be lowered.
Conventionally, the drop-head supports remain standing in the supporting position after early striking. For this purpose, drop-head supports have been developed which have, in addition to the mounting surface for the formwork, yet another mounting surface for the concrete of the floor. The mounting surface for the formwork has been designed such that said surface can be lowered in order to remove the formwork. These known drop-head supports are constructed such that the concrete comes into contact with the formwork but also with the mounting surface of the drop head directly or via a cover strip. If the concrete comes into contact with different materials, this can lead to undesired traces in the surface of the finished concrete floor.
In comparison, the support head according to the invention makes is possible for the contact between the formwork support and the floor to take place only via the floor formwork elements, since it is no longer necessary for the formwork support having the support head to remain standing after the early striking in order to support the floor. This reduces the risk of undesired traces or impressions on the surface of the concrete floor being produced.
The floor formwork elements can be designed as floor formwork panels. Each of the floor formwork panels can have a form surface and one or more beam elements. The beam elements of the floor formwork panel can be transverse beams and/or longitudinal beams. In this context, transverse and longitudinal beams can be understood to be the side walls of the floor formwork elements.
The adjacent pair of floor formwork elements can be substantially identical. The pair of adjacent floor formwork elements can adjoin one another by the transverse sides thereof or by the longitudinal sides thereof. The adjacent pair of floor formwork elements can be aligned with one another and therefore form a common central axis. Two pairs of floor formwork elements can be mounted on the first and on the second support portion, it being possible to mount two floor formwork elements on the first support portion and two floor formwork elements on the second support portion.
Each of the support portions can have a mounting surface on which the floor formwork element can be placed so as to adjoin. In particular, a portion of a transverse beam and/or a portion of a longitudinal beam of the floor formwork element can be placed on the mounting surface. In the design in which the support portions both form the same formwork mounting height, the mounting surfaces can each be located at the formwork mounting height.
The formwork mounting height and the reduced mounting height can relate to a use position of the support head.
The support portions can each have one or more engagement elements, such as suspension hooks. The suspension hooks can each be open at the top. The suspension hooks can be brought into engagement with a transverse and/or longitudinal beam of the floor formwork element.
The movement of the first support portion can cause a change in a position and/or orientation of the first support portion. During the movement of the first support portion, the second support portion can remain in an unchanged position and/or orientation. The second support portion can be rigidly connected to the connecting portion.
According to one embodiment, the adjustment device is designed such that at least one part of the first support portion is lowered by the movement of the first support portion.
According to a further embodiment, the adjustment device has a guide for the movement of the first support portion. However, it is also conceivable for at least part of the movement to not be guided.
The guide allows controlled movement of the first support portion into the arrangement in which the floor formwork element can be mounted on the subjacent mounting point.
The guide can be designed as a rotary guide and/or as a sliding guide, for example. The sliding guide can be designed to form a straight or curved guide track. For example, the sliding guide can be designed as a linear guide and/or as a slotted guide. At least part of the movement can have a direction component which is oriented toward a floor formwork element, the floor formwork element being mounted on the first support portion. This can make it easier to disengage the floor formwork element from the first support portion.
According to a further embodiment, the guide is designed as a rotary guide.
According to a further embodiment, the rotary guide defines an axis of rotation (A) which is arranged lower than the formwork mounting height.
This can make it easier to disengage the floor formwork element from the first support portion.
According to a further embodiment, the guide is designed as a linear guide and/or as a slotted guide.
The guide can be designed as a rotary sliding guide having an elongate hole for lowering the first support portion in a vertical direction. An elongate hole allows both pivoting of the first support portion and lowering in a straight line in the vertical direction. For lowering in the vertical direction, the relevant floor formwork element furthermore rests flat on the first support portion. The lowered floor formwork element is furthermore held securely in the support head in this lowered position.
The elongate hole can be formed in one end of the first support portion. This makes it possible to pivot the first support portion by means of a rotary arm extending in an elongate manner.
A further embodiment of the support head is characterized in that a pawl is arranged in a rotary bearing of the support head. The pawl rests, in a first end position, on the end of the first support portion having the elongate hole when the first support portion assumes a first bearing position in which the mounting point of the first support portion is located at the formwork mounting height. The pawl automatically slips, when the first support portion is lowered, into a second end position, by means of which a second bearing position of the first support portion is immovably secured. In order to reach the second end position, the pawl can slide, in a rotary movement at the end of the first support portion having the elongate hole, along the outer contour of the first support portion into the second end position. In the second end position, the pawl prevents the first support portion from sliding upward in the vertical direction.
The rotary bearing can have protrusions and/or inwardly curved stops, not exclusively a circular reach-through opening. The pawl can then form a locking angle in relation to the vertical direction when in the second end position. At the locking angle of an inclination of the pawl in the rotary bearing, the pawl can no longer be rotated back into its first end position by a movement of the first support portion, and blocks the first support portion from sliding in the vertical direction.
The pawl can have a reach-through opening. The pawl can be manually unlatched through the reach-through opening. After unlatching, the first support portion can be slid upward again in the vertical direction.
According to a further embodiment, the adjustment device has a releasable locking device. The releasable locking device can releasably lock the movement of the first support portion.
The locking device can be designed such that it can be actuated in a use position of the support head and when all the floor formwork elements which can be mounted on the support head are mounted. The locking device can have a wedge lock, for example. However, other designs of the locking device are conceivable.
The floor formwork system has a large number of formwork supports. The formwork supports are each connected to a support head according to any of the preceding embodiments. The floor formwork system further has the large number of floor formwork elements.
According to a further embodiment, by mounting the floor formwork elements on the first and second support portions of the support heads, a floor form surface can be formed which covers the formwork supports so as to be horizontally closed.
This makes it possible to construct the form surface of a floor exclusively from floor formwork elements. This prevents the concrete coming into contact with various materials which can result in traces or impressions being formed in the surface of the finished floor.
According to a further embodiment, the support head has a moment support. The moment support can be designed to engage with one of the floor formwork elements when said element is mounted on the second support portion. The moment support can be designed to support a torque which is exerted on the support head by a vertical load of the floor formwork element mounted on the second support portion.
This makes it possible to support floor formwork elements on the second support portion in a stable manner, specifically even when no floor formwork element is mounted on the first support portion.
The moment support can act on a surface profile, in particular on a transverse beam or longitudinal beam of the floor formwork element.
According to a further embodiment, the moment support has a supporting portion. The supporting portion can be designed to horizontally support the second support portion on a floor formwork element mounted thereon.
The supporting portion can act on an outer surface of the floor formwork element. In particular, the supporting portion can act on a transverse beam or a longitudinal beam.
According to a further embodiment, the moment support has two supporting portions which are each designed to horizontally support the second support portion on a floor formwork element mounted thereon. The two supporting portions can be designed such that they support the second support portion on the floor formwork element mounted thereon at different heights and in two opposite horizontal directions.
The further supporting portion can act on an inner surface of the floor formwork element, in particular on a transverse beam or a longitudinal beam. The further supporting portion can be designed as suspension hooks. The suspension hooks can be open at the top.
According to a further embodiment, the formwork supports each have a height-adjustment means. The height-adjustment means can be designed to simultaneously adjust the height of the first and the second support portion.
The method is designed to strike the formwork from a floor to be produced using a settable filler material such as concrete. A floor formwork for an underside of the floor being produced has a large number of floor formwork elements and a large number of formwork supports. At least one of the formwork supports is connected to a support head which has two support portions on which at least one pair of adjacent floor formwork elements of the large number of floor formwork elements is mounted such that each one of the floor formwork elements of the adjacent pair is mounted on each of the support portions on at least one mounting point. The mounting points have a substantially equal formwork mounting height. The method comprises moving a first of the support portions into an arrangement in which the floor formwork element mounted on the first support portion can be mounted on at least one subjacent mounting point which is at a lower mounting height than the formwork mounting height. At the lower mounting height, the mounting point of the second support portion remains at the formwork mounting height. The method further comprises striking the formwork from the floor formwork element mounted on the first support portion.
The same advantages as set out above for the support head or the floor formwork system apply, mutatis mutandis, to the method.
According to one embodiment, the floor formwork element mounted on the first support portion is supported by one or more additional supports. The striking may further comprise lowering and/or removing the at least one additional support. The method may comprise disengaging the floor formwork element mounted on the first support portion from the first support portion.
According to a further embodiment, the striking further comprises pivoting down the floor formwork element mounted on the first support portion using engagement elements of the first support portion which are in engagement with the pivoted-down floor formwork element during the pivoting down.
According to a further embodiment, the method comprises supporting the floor, in a region of the floor from which the formwork has been struck, against the ground. The region from which the formwork has been struck may correspond to a form surface of the floor formwork element mounted on the first support portion.
Embodiments of the present invention are explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
As shown in
The formwork supports 18a to 18l allow what is referred to as early striking of the floor formwork elements 14a to 14u, i.e. removing the floor formwork elements 14a to 14u before the floor has the necessary load-bearing capacity. The floor therefore has to continue to be supported after the early striking. This is conventionally achieved using what are referred to as drop-head supports, which allow at least some of the floor formwork to be disassembled, the drop-head supports remaining standing in order to support the floor until it has the necessary stability.
In comparison, the support heads attached to the formwork supports 18a to 18l are designed such that, during early striking, the formwork supports 18a to 18l together with the support heads can be removed efficiently and can be replaced by simply constructed tubular steel supports. This is explained in more detail in the following with reference to
Each of the floor formwork elements 14j and 14k shown in
The support head 20 has a connecting portion 28 for connecting to a shaft portion 30 (
The floor formwork element 14j is mounted on the first support portion 32. For this purpose, the first support portion 32 has a mounting surface 36 (
The floor formwork element 14k is mounted on the second support portion 34. For this purpose, the second support portion 34 has a mounting surface 38 (
The floor formwork element 14g (not shown in
As can be seen particularly clearly in
Owing to the equal formwork mounting height h1, a continuous transition 43 is created between the form surfaces 22 of the floor formwork elements 14g, 14h, 14j and 14k, which are each in contact with the floor 44 to be produced. In the design of the support head 20, as shown in
The support head 20 has an adjustment device 46 for moving the first support portion 32 into an arrangement in which the floor formwork element 14j can be mounted on at least one point P3 of the first support portion 32 (
The lower mounting height can lead to the mounted portion of the floor formwork elements 14g and 14j being lowered. However, it is also conceivable for the floor formwork elements 14g and 14j to be supported by further formwork supports such that the movement of the first support portion 32 does not automatically lead to the floor formwork elements 14g and 14j being lowered.
In the embodiment shown in
By pivoting the first support portion 32 relative to the second support portion 34, the first support portion 32 is lowered. As shown in
As is explained in the following with reference to
For the floor formwork system 10, it is therefore not necessary for the floor 44 to be supported by the formwork supports 18a to 18l having the support heads 20 attached thereto after the floor formwork elements 14a to 14u have been removed. This makes it possible to design the floor formwork system 10 such that a floor form surface which covers the formwork supports 18a-18l so as to be horizontally closed can be formed by mounting the floor formwork elements 14a to 14u on the support portions 32 and 34 of the support heads 20.
The formwork support 16f shown in
For early striking, in the support heads 20 which are connected to the formwork supports 18e and 18g, a releasable locking device 56 (
The floor formwork element 14k is furthermore mounted at the formwork mounting height h1 by means of the second support portions 34 of the formwork supports 18e and 18g. The floor 44 is therefore sufficiently stabilized in the region of the floor formwork element 14k and this prevents a support-free zone that is too large being produced, as a result of which the concrete of the floor 44 could be damaged.
Starting from the state which is represented in
The state after the formwork has been struck from the floor formwork element 14j is shown in
In addition, as shown in
In the event that, rather than tubular steel supports 16a to 16l (
As shown in
In further steps of the early striking, the further floor formwork elements (14a to 14i and 14k to 14u) and the formwork supports (18a to 18l) together with the support heads 20 attached thereto can be removed one by one and replaced by tubular steel supports. The support head 20 makes it possible to carry out this process efficiently without a support-free zone that is too large being produced. In order to remove the formwork supports 18a to 18l, said supports each have a height-adjustment means for adjusting the height of the entire support head 20. The height-adjustment means can be designed for a telescopic height adjustment, for example.
In the state shown in
In order to support this torque and thereby keep the maintenance and repair costs for the formwork support 18e low, the support head 20 has a moment support 64 (
The moment support 64 has a supporting portion 66 which is arranged in a gap 68 formed by all of the floor formwork elements 14g, 14h, 14j and 14k which can be mounted on the support head 20. The first supporting portion 66 is in engagement with an outer vertical surface 70 of the floor formwork elements 14h and 14k which are mounted on the second support portion 34. The outer vertical surface 70 is the surface of the second beam 26. The second support portion 34 is supported horizontally on each of the floor formwork elements 14h and 14k by means of the supporting portion 66.
The torque is already effectively supported by means of the supporting portion 66. The torque can be even better supported by one or more further supporting portions 72, by means of which the second support portion 34 is supported on the mounted floor formwork elements 14h and 14k, likewise in a horizontal direction. The further supporting portions 72 are each in engagement with a vertical surface 74 of the corresponding floor formwork element 14h and 14k, which surface faces toward the interior of the relevant floor formwork element 14h and 14k. The inwardly facing vertical surface 74 is a surface of the second beam 26 of the relevant floor formwork element 14h and 14k. As shown in particular in
By means of the embodiments shown, a support head 20, a floor formwork system 10, and a method are provided which allow efficient production of a floor 44 made of a settable filler material such as concrete.
A support head (20, 20(l)) is thus disclosed for attachment to a formwork support (18a-18l) for creating the formwork for a floor (44) using a large number of floor formwork elements (14a-14u) which each have a form surface (22). The support head (20, 20(l)) has two support portions (32, 34) suitable for supporting at least one pair of adjacent floor formwork elements (14j, 14k) of the large number of floor formwork elements (14a-14u). The support head (20, 20(l)) has an adjustment device (46) for moving a first support portion (32) into an arrangement in which the floor formwork element (14j) which can be mounted on the first support portion (32) can be mounted thereon on at least one subjacent mounting point (P3) which is at a lower mounting height (h2) than the formwork mounting height (h1). The mounting point (P2) of the second support portion (34) remains at the formwork mounting height (h1).
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2017 210 195.4 | Jun 2017 | DE | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/EP2018/064146 | 5/30/2018 | WO | 00 |