Claims
- 1. A supramolecular structure produced by the process comprising:
reacting a multi-generation dendrimer with a monomer, where the dendrimer comprises a core molecule, a plurality of interior generations spherically disposed around the core molecule and an outermost generation comprising a plurality of dendritic branches having terminal groups sufficiently reactive to undergo addition or substitution reactions, where the monomer introduces a labile bond and at least one cross-linkable moiety to the terminal groups of each dendritic branch, and where the cross-linkable moiety is bonded to the terminal group via the labile bond; cross-linking the cross-linkable moieties of adjacent dendritic branches; and cleaving the labile bonds, thereby freeing the dendrimer and forming a molecule encapsulated within a cross-linked shell molecule.
- 2. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 1, wherein the dendrimer is selected from the group consisting of poly(propylenimine) (DAB) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers.
- 3. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 1, wherein the monomer is a trialkenesilane.
- 4. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 3, wherein the trialkenesilane is a trialkenechlorosilane.
- 5. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 4, wherein the trialkenechlorosilane is selected from the group consisting of trivinylchlorosilane, triallychlorosilane, tripropargylchlorosilane and diallylchlorosilane.
- 6. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 1, wherein the labile bond is selected from the group consisting of silicon-oxygen, silicon-oxygen-carbon, oxygen-nitrogen, nitrogen-silicon, nitrogen-carbonyl-nitrogen, silicon-acetylene, amide, blocked isocyanates and ureas.
- 7. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 6, wherein the labile bond is a nitrogen-silicon bond.
- 8. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 1, wherein the cross-linking method is selected from group consisting of hydrosilation, olefin metathesis, radical polymerization, polycondensation, anionic polymerization, cationic polymerization and coordination polymerization.
- 9. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 1, wherein the cross-linkable moieties are cross-linked with a cross-linking agent.
- 10. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 8 wherein the crosslinking method is hydrosilation.
- 11. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 9, wherein cross-linking agent is selected from double and multiple cross-linking agents.
- 12. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 11, wherein the double cross-linking agent is of the general formula (I):
- 13. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 11, wherein the multiple cross-linking agent is selected from the group consisting of CH3Si(CH2CH2Si(CH3)2H)3; CH3(CH2SiH2)2CH3; HC(Si(R)2H)3; Si(R1)2H2; (SiR1HO)4; linear polymers selected from the group consisting of (CH3)3Si—O—(SiR2H—O)n—Si(CH3)3, H(CH3)2Si—O—(SiPH(—OSi(CH3)2H)—O)n—Si(CH3)2H, (CH3)3Si—O—(Si(CH3)H—O)m—(Si(CH3)(C8H17)—O)n—Si(CH3)3, and H2R3Si(SiR3H)n—SiR3H2; cyclic compounds; a dendrimer; and mixtures thereof; wherein
R1 is selected from hydrogen and organic groups having from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from methyl and ethyl groups; R3 is selected from aryl and alkyl groups having from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms; n is a positive integer from about 10 to about 100; and m is a positive integer from about 10 to about 100.
- 14. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 8, wherein olefin metathesis includes the use of a ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) catalyst.
- 15. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 8, wherein olefin metathesis includes the use of a acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) catalyst.
- 16. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 8, wherein the coordination polymerization is Ziegler Natta polymerization.
- 17. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 1, wherein the core dendrimer contains catalytic centers.
- 18. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 1, wherein the core dendrimer contains metallocores.
- 19. A process for producing a supramolecular structure comprising:
reacting a multi-generation dendrimer with a monomer, where the dendrimer comprises a core molecule, a plurality of interior generations spherically disposed around the core molecule and an outermost generation comprising a plurality of dendritic branches having terminal groups sufficiently reactive to undergo addition or substitution reactions, where the monomer introduces a labile bond and at least one cross-linkable moiety to the terminal reactive groups, and where the cross-linkable moiety is bonded to the terminal reactive group via the labile bond; crosslinking the cross-linkable moieties of adjacent dendritic branches; and cleaving the labile bonds, thereby freeing the dendrimer and forming a molecule encapsulated within a cross-linkable shell molecule.
- 20. The process of claim 19, wherein the dendrimer is selected from the group consisting of poly(propylenimine) (DAB) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers.
- 21. The process of claim 19, wherein the monomer is a trialkenesilane selected from the group consisting of trivinylchlorosilane, triallychlrosilane, tripropargylchlorosilane and diallylchlorosilane.
- 22. The process of claim 19, wherein the labile bond is selected from the group consisting of silicon-oxygen, oxygen-nitrogen, silicon-oxygen-carbon, nitrogen-carbonyl-nitrogen, nitrogen-silicon, silicon-acetylene, amide, blocked isocyanates and ureas.
- 23. The process of claim 19, wherein the cross-linking method is selected from group consisting of hydrosilation, olefin metathesis, radical polymerization, polycondensation, anionic polymerization, cationic polymerization and coordination polymerization.
- 24. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 19, wherein the cross-linkable moieties are cross-linked with a cross-linking agent.
- 25. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 24, wherein cross-linking agent is selected from double and multiple cross-linking agents.
- 26. The process of claim 25, wherein the double crosslinking agent is of the general formula (I):
- 27. The process of claim 19, wherein the multiple cross-linking agent is selected from the group consisting of CH3Si(CH2CH2Si(CH3)2H)3; CH3(CH2SiH2)2CH3; HC(Si(R1)2H)3; Si(R1)2H2; (SiR1HO)4; linear polymers selected from the group consisting of (CH3)3Si—O—(SiR2H—O)n—Si(CH3)3, H(CH3)2Si—O—(SiPH(—OSi(CH3)2H)—O)nSi(CH3)2H, (CH3)3Si—O—(Si(CH3)H—O)m—(Si(CH3)(C8H17)—O)n—Si(CH3)3, and H2R3Si(SiR3H)n—SiR3H2; cyclic compounds; a dendrimer; and mixtures thereof; wherein
R1 is selected from hydrogen and organic groups having from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from methyl and ethyl groups; R3 is selected from aryl and alkyl groups having from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms; n is a positive integer from about 10 to about 100; and m is a positive integer from about 10 to about 100.
- 28. A supramolecular structure comprising a dendrimer and a cross-linked shell molecule spherically disposed about the dendrimer, wherein the dendrimer and the cross-linked shell molecule are not ionically or covalently bonded together.
- 29. A supramolecular structure produced by the process comprising:
reacting a multi-generation dendrimer with a monomer, where the dendrimer comprises a core molecule, a plurality of interior generations spherically disposed around the core molecule and an outermost generation comprising a plurality of dendritic branches having terminal groups sufficiently reactive to undergo addition or substitution reactions, where the monomer introduces a labile bond and at least one cross-linkable moiety to the terminal groups, and where the cross-linkable moiety is bonded to the terminal group via the labile bond; crosslinking the cross-linkable moieties of adjacent dendritic branches; cleaving the labile bonds, thereby freeing the dendrimer and forming a molecule encapsulated within a cross-linked shell molecule; and degrading and removing the free dendrimer, thereby producing a intramolecularly cross-linked spherical hollow shell structure.
- 30. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 29, wherein the dendrimer is selected from the group consisting of poly(propylenimine) (DAB) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers.
- 31. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 29, wherein the monomer is a trialkenesilane.
- 32. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 31, wherein the trialkenesilane is a trialkenechlorosilane.
- 33. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 32, wherein the trialkenechlorosilane is selected from the group consisting of trivinylchlorosilane, triallychlrosilane, tripropargylchlorosilane and diallylchlorosilane.
- 34. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 29, wherein the labile bond is selected from the group consisting of silicon-oxygen, oxygen-nitrogen, silicon-oxygen-carbon, nitrogen-carbonyl-nitrogen, nitrogen-silicon, silicon-acetylene, amide, blocked isocyanates and ureas.
- 35. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 34, wherein the labile bond is a nitrogen-silicon bond.
- 36. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 29, wherein the crosslinking method is selected from group consisting of hydrosilation, olefin metathesis, radical polymerization, polycondensation, anionic polymerization, cationic polymerization and coordination polymerization.
- 37. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 29, wherein the cross-linkable moieties are cross-linked with a crosslinking agent.
- 38. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 36, wherein the crosslinking method is hydrosilation.
- 39. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 37, wherein the cross-linking agent is selected from double and multiple cross-linking agents.
- 40. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 39, wherein the double cross-linking agent is of the general formula I:
- 41. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 39, wherein the multiple cross-linking agent is selected from the group consisting of CH3Si(CH2CH2Si(CH3)2H)3; CH3(CH2SiH2)2CH3; HC(Si(R1)2H)3; Si(R1)2H2; (SiR1HO)4; linear polymers selected from the group consisting of (CH3)3Si—O—(SiR2H—O)n—Si(CH3)3, H(CH3)2Si—O—(SiPH(—OSi(CH3)2H)—O)n-Si(CH3)2H, (CH3)3Si—O—(Si(CH3)H—O)m—(Si(CH3)(C8H17)—O)n—Si(CH3)3, and H2R3Si(SiR3H)n—SiR3H2; cyclic compounds; a dendrimer; and mixtures thereof; wherein
R1 is selected from hydrogen and organic groups having from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from methyl and ethyl groups; R3 is selected from aryl and alkyl groups having from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms; n is a positive integer from about 10 to about 100; and m is a positive integer from about 10 to about 100.
- 42. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 36, wherein olefin metathesis includes the use of a ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) catalyst.
- 43. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 36, wherein olefin metathesis includes the use of a acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) catalyst.
- 44. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 36, wherein the coordination polymerization is Ziegler Natta polymerization.
- 45. A process for producing a supramolecular structure comprising:
reacting a multi-generation dendrimer with a monomer, where the dendrimer comprises a core molecule, a plurality of interior generations spherically disposed around the core molecule and an outermost generation comprising a plurality of dendritic branches having terminal groups sufficiently reactive to undergo addition or substitution reactions, where the monomer introduces at least one labile bond and a cross-linkable moiety to the terminal group of each dendritic branch, and where the cross-linkable moiety is bonded to the terminal group via the labile bond; crosslinking the cross-linkable moieties of adjacent dendritic branches; cleaving the labile bonds, thereby freeing the core dendrimer and forming a molecule encapsulated within a cross-linked shell molecule; and degrading and removing the free dendrimer, thereby producing a intramolecularly cross-linked spherical hollow shell structure.
- 46. The process of claim 45, wherein the dendrimer is selected from the group consisting of poly(propylenimine) (DAB) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers.
- 47. The process of claim 45, wherein the monomer is a trialkenesilane selected from the group consisting of trivinylchlorosilane, triallychlrosilane, tripropargylchlorosilane and diallylchlorosilane.
- 48. The process of claim 45, wherein the labile bond is selected from the group consisting of silicon-oxygen, oxygen-nitrogen, silicon-oxygen-carbon, nitrogen-carbonyl-nitrogen, nitrogen-silicon, silicon-acetylene, amide, blocked isocyanates and ureas.
- 49. The process of claim 45, wherein the cross-linking method is selected from group consisting of hydrosilation, olefin metathesis, radical polymerization, polycondensation, anionic polymerization, cationic polymerization and coordination polymerization.
- 50. The supramolecular structure produced by claim 45, wherein the cross-linkable moieties are cross-linked with a cross-linking agent.
- 51. The process of claim 50, wherein the cross-linking agent is selected from double and multiple cross-linking agents.
- 52. The process of claim 51, wherein the double cross-linking agent is of the general formula (I):
- 53. The process of claim 51, wherein the multiple cross-linking agent is selected from the group consisting of CH3Si(CH2CH2Si(CH3)2H)3; CH3(CH2SiH2)2CH3; HC(Si(R1)2H)3; Si(R1)2H2; (SiR1HO)4; linear polymers selected from the group consisting of (CH3)3Si—O—(SiR2H—O)n—Si(CH3)3, H(CH3)2Si—O—(SiPH(—OSi(CH3)2H)—O)n—Si(CH3)2H, (CH3)3Si—O—(Si(CH3)H—O)m—(Si(CH3)(C8H17)—O)n—Si(CH3)3, and H2R3Si(SiR3H)n—SiR3H2; cyclic compounds; a dendrimer; and mixtures thereof; wherein
R1 is selected from hydrogen and organic groups having from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from methyl and ethyl groups; R3 is selected from aryl and alkyl groups having from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms; n is a positive integer from about 10 to about 100; and m is a positive integer from about 10 to about 100.
- 54. A supramolecular structure comprising a hollow cross-linked shell molecule.
- 55. A supramolecular structure comprising a dendrimer having a cross-linked peripheral surface.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present invention claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/083,215, filed Apr. 27, 1998.
Provisional Applications (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
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60083215 |
Apr 1998 |
US |
Continuations (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09299887 |
Apr 1999 |
US |
Child |
09888118 |
Jun 2001 |
US |