Suspension for reducing odors

Abstract
The present invention relates to suspensions for odor reduction comprising a porous metal-organic framework material in a liquid, and also atomizer and methods for odor reduction using the suspensions. The invention likewise relates to the use of the suspensions for odor reduction.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a 35 U.S.C. §371 National Stage patent application of International patent application PCT/EP06/062376, filed on May 17, 2006, which claims priority to German patent application DE 102005023857.2, filed on May 24, 2005.


The present invention relates to a suspension and also to methods and use of such a suspension for odor reduction.


Odors, in particular what are termed bad odors, are in particular a problem in daily life.


In particular in the case of what are termed bad odors, humans are adversely affected by perception via their sense of smell.


This can frequently be reduced or reversed by using odor-forming substances which are generally perceived as good-smelling by humans. By this means, the bad odor is to be suppressed.


Frequently, the odor perceived by humans is caused by odor substances which, independently of the subjective odor perception, are harmful for the human organism. In this case, the use of “good-smelling” substances does not decrease the problematic presence of substances harmful to health.


A further possibility is to eliminate the odor produced by odor substances by the odor substances being chemically decomposed, for example by enzymes.


An alternative possibility is to decrease odors by the odor-causing odor substances being sorbed to certain materials. These sorbents, usually diluted, can be brought to the desired point of action by atomizers.


One such sorbent known in the prior art is cyclodextrin.


A disadvantage of the prior art sorbents or solutions, or suspensions or emulsions in which the sorbents are present, is their sometimes low efficiency for reducing the undesired odor.


There is therefore a requirement to provide alternatives to the prior art solutions or suspensions, in particular for the atomization.


The object of the present invention is thus to provide alternative suspensions and also method for reducing odor, wherein the sorbent present in the suspension is to have improved properties compared with those of the prior art.


The object is achieved by a suspension for odor reduction comprising a porous metal-organic framework material in a liquid, the framework material comprising at least one, at least bidentate, organic compound bound by coordination to at least one metal ion.


The object is likewise achieved by a method for odor reduction comprising the step of

    • contacting a gas comprising the odor, or an odor adhering to the surface of an article or to an organism with a suspension.


This is because it has been found that by using a porous metal-organic framework material as described above, an efficient reduction of odor can take place.


The singular and also the plural of the term “odor” is used synonymously in the context of the present invention. In this case the term odor is any sensation potentially perceivable by the human sense of smell which can be generated by one or more odor substances.


In this context the term “potentially” means that the odor substance or the odor substances which generate an odor, in the context of the present invention, need not be present at a concentration which makes possible perception via the human sense of smell. According to the invention, the mere presence of such an odor substance or such odor substances is thus sufficient.


Preferably, however, the odor substance or the odor substances are present at a concentration which is perceivable by the average human sense of smell.


The concentration of the framework material in the suspension is preferably in the range from 0.001 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the suspension. Further preferably, the concentration is in the range from 0.01 to 2.5% by weight, more preferably in the range from 0.1 to 1% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the suspension.


In the case of the liquid required for production of the suspension, use can be made of any liquids, provided that this liquid is suitable for suspending the framework material without this being chemically decomposed by the liquid.


Suitable liquids are, for example, those which comprise alcohols or water. In particular, preference is given to water as liquid.


Further preference is given to liquids which enable easy atomization of the suspension formed together with the framework material.


By means of the atomization, a particularly preferred and efficient distribution of the suspension, in particular by fine droplet formation, can be achieved.


Accordingly, the present invention further relates to an atomizer comprising an inventive suspension.


In this case, commercially conventional atomizers can be used.


The inventive suspension can comprise further chemical substances. In this case, for example odor substances may be mentioned which cause an odor perceived as pleasant by humans. Such substances are frequently also termed fragrances or scents.


As already discussed above, the present invention also relates to a method for odor reduction. Advantageously, the reduction is performed to an extent so great that the odor-producing odor substance or the odor substances are no longer perceived by the average human sense of smell, i.e. the odor is removed.


The odor can be odors of daily life, or else comprise the most varied odors which can occur in the most varied applications. Those which may be mentioned by way of example are kitchen odor, sweat odor, incontinence odor, food odor, for example alcohol or fish odor, toilet odor, or odor which is caused by tobacco smoke, for example cigarette smoke.


It is known to those skilled in the art that the most varied odors can be reduced in the context of the present invention.


The odor can adhere to an organism. The organism can be a human or an animal, for example a dog or a cat. Contacting the organism with the suspension can be performed by the means that those or the affected body parts are uniformly rubbed with the suspension, or, the suspension is applied using an atomizer, for example. The inventive suspension can then be removed again, for example by washing.


Furthermore, the odor can adhere to the surface of an article. In this case, the terms “surface” and also “article” are to be interpreted very broadly. In the context of the present invention, in particular, adhesion to a surface of an article is always the case when the odor substances generating the odor, or the generating odor substance, can be brought into contact with the suspension.


Articles can be of the most varied nature and originate, for example, from daily life. those which may be mentioned here, by way of example, are woven fabrics and materials, for example clothes, upholstered furniture, curtains or blankets, furniture made of wood, plastic or another material, glass surfaces such as windows, wallpapers, walls and ceilings, floors, carpets or the like.


The affected surfaces can be moistened, for example using an inventive atomizer using the inventive suspension. To remove the suspension, this can be washed or wiped off. Also, under some circumstances, the suspension's remaining on the surface can be suitable.


In addition, it is possible first to apply the suspension to a suspension carrier which does not have adhering odor, or to impregnate this with the suspension and then to bring into contact with the inventive suspension the surface of an article with adhering odor, or the organism, using this carrier. Such a carrier can be, for example, a conventional cloth or the like. For the case of an odor-burdened gas such as air, likewise such a carrier can be used. Suitable items here are, for example, filters, as are used in a varied manner. For instance, kitchen odors can be reduced according to the invention, for example by filters present in steam exhaust hoods.


In addition, the odor reduction may likewise relate to a gas in which the odor substance or the odor substances which generate the odor are present.


In the context of the present invention, for simplicity the term “gas” is also used when this relates to gas mixtures, for example air. In the case of the relevant gases, it is merely necessary that these are in the gaseous state on contacting with the suspension.


Preferably, the gas has a boiling point or boiling range which is below room temperature. However, it is also possible that higher-boiling fluid systems are used if these are released, for example, as off-gases at elevated temperature and come into contact with the inventive suspension before their condensation.


Preferably, the gas is natural gas, biogas, off-gas, air, exhaust air or inert gas. More preference is given to natural gas, biogas, air and exhaust air. In particular preference is given to biogas, air and exhaust air. Very particular preference is given to air.


The gas can be present in open, or at least partially closed, systems. In particular in the case of natural gas and biogas, these can be pipes, pipelines, tank containers, transport containers or natural gas containers, as are used, for example, for storage in the ground or as tanks for motor vehicles. In the case of off-gases, these are preferably industrial off-gases or those off-gases as arise in combustion processes (for example in internal combustion engines). In addition, preferably the gas is indoor air in buildings or rooms as in living rooms and dining rooms, or in particular in kitchens. The internal air in means of locomotion such as automobiles, trucks, trains or ships may be mentioned here. Likewise, the internal air in appliances, for example dishwashing machines, may be mentioned.


In this case the gas which the odor substance or the odor substances which generate the odor can likewise be brought into contact by atomizing the suspension. In addition to the treatment of the gases themselves, the systems in contact with the gases, such as the surfaces of the inner walls of the abovementioned pipes, pipelines, tank containers, transport containers or natural gas containers can also be brought into contact with the inventive suspension.


In particular in the cases in which the gas is natural gas, air, exhaust air or inert gas, the odor substance can originally be a constituent of a liquid (for example water or petroleum) or solid medium which then transfers into the phase of the gas situated above the liquid or solid surface and then is removed from this. For example, the gas can be a gas within packaging (ambient gas) of solid articles which in the course of time release odor substances within the package to the ambient gas. In this case the ambient gas is air or inert gas. A further example is that of polymers in which monomers which were not reacted in the production of the polymers, but are still remaining in the polymer and in the course of time are being released to the ambient gas, for example the internal air, and are the odor substances to be separated off. Likewise, further highly volatile components may be present in the polymer which can be released to the ambient gas. In this case, for example, initiators or stabilizers and other additives may be mentioned. A survey of such components is given in Plastics Additive Handbook, Hans Zweifel, Hanser Verlag, Munich (ISBN 3-446-21654-5). In this case also, alternatively or additionally to contacting the gas with the inventive suspension, the surface of the articles can be treated with the inventive suspension.


The odor substance or the odor substances which generate the odor can be present in the gas in dissolved form, or be themselves gaseous and thus be a “constituent” of a gas mixture. In the context of the present invention, the term “odor substance” is likewise used for simplification, even when it is a mixture of a plurality of odor substances. Odor substances in this case are substances which can be perceived via the human sense of smell.


Preferably, the odor substance is a volatile organic or inorganic compound which comprises at least one of the elements nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, or is an unsaturated or aromatic hydrocarbon or a saturated or unsaturated aldehyde or ketone. More preferred elements are nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, bromine; in particular preference is given to nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.


In particular, the odor substance is ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, ozone, cyclic or acyclic amines, thiols, thioethers and also aldehydes, ketones, esters, ether acids or alcohols. Particular preference is given to ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, organic acids (preferably acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, caproic acid, heptylic acid, lauric acid, perlargonic acid) and also cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbons which comprise nitrogen or sulfur, and also saturated or unsaturated aldehydes, such as hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, octenal or nonenal and, in particular, volatile aldehydes such as butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde and furthermore power fuels such as gasoline, diesel (ingredients).


The odor substances can also be fragrances which are used, for example for producing perfumes. Fragrances or oils which release such fragrances which may be mentioned by way of example are: essential oils, basil oil, geranium oil, mint oil, cananga oil, cardamom oil, lavender oil, peppermint oil, muscat oil, camomile oil, eucalyptus oil, rosemary oil, lemon oil, lime oil, orange oil, bergamot oil, clary oil, coriander oil, cypress oil, 1,1-dimethoxy-2-pherylethane, 2,4-dimethyl-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyltetrahydrobenzaldehyde, 2,6-dimethyl-7-octen-2-ol, 1,2-diethoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene, phenylacetaldehyde, rose oxide, ethyl 2-methylpentanoate, 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadien-1-yl)-2-buten-1-one, ethylvanillin, 2,6-dimethyl-2-octenol, 3,7-dimethyl-2-octenol, tert-butyl cyclohexylacetate, anisyl acetates, allyl cyclohexyloxyacetate, ethyllinalool, eugenol, coumarin, ethyl acetoacetate, 4-phenyl-2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-dioxane, 4-methylene-3,5,6,6-tetramethyl-2-heptanone, ethyl tetrahydrosafranate, geranylnitrile, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, cis-3-hexenyl methyl carbonates, 2,6-dimethyl-5-hepten-1-al, 4-(tricyclo[5.2.1.0]decylidene)-8-butanal, 5-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)-3-methylpentan-2-ol, p-tert-butyl-alpha-methylhydrocimmaldehyde, ethyl [5.2.1.0]tricyclodecanecarboxylate, geraniol, citronellol, citral, linalool, linalyl acetate, ionones, phenylethanol or mixtures thereof.


In the context of the present invention, a volatile odor substance preferably has a boiling point or boiling range of below 300° C. More preferably, the odor substance is a highly volatile compound or mixture. In particular preferably, the odor substance has a boiling point or boiling range of below 250° C., more preferably below 230° C., in particular preferably below 200° C.


Preference is likewise given to odor substances which have a high volatility. The vapor pressure can be used as index of the volatility. In the context of the present invention, a volatile odor substance preferably has a vapor pressure of greater than 0.001 kPa (20° C.). More preferably, the odor substance is a highly volatile compound or mixture. In particular preferably, the odor substance has a vapor pressure of greater than 0.01 kPa (20° C.), more preferably a vapor pressure of greater than 0.05 kPa (20° C.). Particularly preferably, the odor substances have a vapor pressure of greater than 0.1 kPa (20° C.).


The porous metal-organic framework material which is present in the inventive suspension comprises at least one, at least bidentate, organic compound bound by coordination to at least one metal ion. This metal-organic framework material (MOF) is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,648,508, EP-A-0 790 253, M. O-Keeffe et al., J. Sol. State Chem., 152 (2000), pages 3 to 20, H. Li et al., Nature 402, (1999), page 276, M. Eddaoudi et al., Topics in Catalysis 9, (1999), pages 105 to 111, B. Chen et al., Science 291, (2001), pages 1021 to 1023 and DE-A-101 11 230.


The MOFs according to the present invention comprise pores, in particular micropores and/or mesopores. Micropores are defined as those having a diameter of 2 nm or less and mesopores are defined by a diameter in the range from 2 to 50 nm, in each case in accordance with the definition as specified by Pure Applied Chem. 45, page 71, in particular on page 79 (1976). The presence of micropores and/or mesopores can be studied using sorption measurements, these measurements determining the MOF uptake capacity for nitrogen at 77 kelvin as specified in DIN 66131 and/or DIN 66134.


Preferably, the specific surface area, calculated according to the Langmuir model (DIN 66131, 66134) for an MOF in powder form is greater than 5 m2/g, more preferably greater than 10 m2/g, more preferably greater than 50 m2/g, still more preferably greater than 500 m2/g, still more preferably greater than 1000 m2/g, and particularly preferably greater than 1500 m2/g.


The metal component in the framework material according to the present invention is preferably selected from the groups Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa to VIIIa and Ib to VIb. Particular preference is given to Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ro, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, TI, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb and Bi. More preference is given to Zn, Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh and Co. In particular preference is given to Zn, Al, Ni and Cu. With respect to the ions of these elements, those which may particularly be mentioned are Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Sc3+, Y3+, Ti4+, Zr4+, Hf4+, V4+, V3+, V2+, Nb3+, Ta3+, Cr3+, Mo3+, W3+, Mn3+, Mn2+, Re3+, Re2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Ru3+, Ru2+, Os3+, Os2+, Co3+, Co2+, Rh2+, Rh+, Ir2+, Ir+, Ni2+, Ni+, Pd2+, Pd+, Pt2+, Pt+, Cu2+, Cu+, Ag+, Au+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+Al3+, Ga3+, In3+, Tl3+, Si4+, Si2+, Ge4+, Ge2+, Sn4+, Sn2+, Pb4+, Pb2+, As5+, As3+, As+, Sb5+, Sb3+, Sb+, Bi5+, Bi3+and Bi+.


The term “at least bidentate organic compound” designates an organic compound which comprises at least one functional group which is able to form, to a given metal ion, at least two, preferably three, coordinate bonds, and/or to two or more, preferably three metal atoms, in each case one coordinate bond.


As functional groups via which said coordinate bonds can be formed, in particular, for example the following functional groups may be mentioned: —CO2H, —CS2H, —NO2, —B(OH)2, —SO3H, —Si(OH)3, —Ge(OH)3, —Sn(OH)3, —Si(SH)4, —Ge(SH)4, —Sn(SH)3, —PO3H, —AsO3H, —AsO4H, —P(SH)3, —As(SH)3, —CH(RSH)2, —C(RSH)3, —CH(RNH2)2, —C(RNH2)3, —CH(ROH)2, —C(ROH)3, —CH(RCN)2, —C(RCN)3, where R, for example, is preferably an alkylene group having 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms, for example a methylene, ethylene, n-propylene, i-propylene, n-butylene, i-butylene, tert-butylene or n-pentylene group. or an aryl group comprising 1 or 2 aromatic nuclei, for example 2 C6 rings which, if appropriate, can be condensed and, independently of one another, can be suitably substituted by at least in each case one substituent, and/or which independently of one another, in each case, can comprise at least one heteroatom, for example N, O and/or S. According to likewise preferred embodiments, functional groups may be mentioned in which the abovementioned radical R is not present. In this respect, inter alia, —CH(SH)2, —C(SH)3, —CH(NH2)2, —C(NH2)3, —CH(OH)2, —C(OH)3, —CH(CN)2 or —C(CN)3 may be mentioned.


The at least two functional groups can in principle be bound to any suitable organic compound, provided that it is ensured that the organic compound having these functional groups is capable of forming the coordinate bond and for producing the framework material.


Preferably, the organic compounds which comprise the at least two functional groups are derived from a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic compound or an aromatic compound or a compound which is both aliphatic and aromatic.


The aliphatic compound or the aliphatic part of the both aliphatic and aromatic compound can be linear and/or branched and/or cyclic, a plurality of cycles also being possible per compound. Further preferably, the aliphatic compound or the aliphatic part of the both aliphatic and also aromatic compound comprises 1 to 15, further preferably 1 to 14, further preferably 1 to 13, further preferably 1 to 12, further preferably 1 to 11, and in particular preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms. In particular preference is given here to inter alia methane, adamantine, acetylene, ethylene, or butadiene.


The aromatic compound or the aromatic part of the not only aromatic but also aliphatic compound can have one or else a plurality of nuclei, for example two, three, four or five nuclei, the nuclei being able to be present separately from one another and/or at least two nuclei being able to be present in condensed form. Particularly preferably, the aromatic compound, or the aromatic part of the not only aliphatic but also aromatic compound has one, two or three nuclei, one or two nuclei being particularly preferred. Independently of one another, in addition, each nucleus of said compound can comprise at least one heteroatom, for example N, O, S, B, P, Si, Al, preferably N, O and/or S. Further preferably, the aromatic compound, or the aromatic part of the not only aromatic but also aliphatic compound, comprises one or two C6 nuclei, the two being present either separately from one another or in condensed form. In particular, as aromatic compounds, benzene, naphthalene and/or biphenyl and/or bipyridyl and/or pyridyl may be mentioned.


For example, inter alia, trans-muconic acid or fumaric acid or phenylenebisacrylic acids may be mentioned.


For example, in the context of the present invention, mention may be made of dicarboxylics acid, such as


oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, 1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid, 4-oxopyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 1,6-hexanedicarboxylic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, 1,8-heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,9-heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, acetylenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-butadiene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, p-benzenedicarboxylic acid, imidazole-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2-methylquinoline-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, quinoxaline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 6-chloroquinoxaline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diaminophenylmethane-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid, quinoline-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-4-hydroxyquinoline-2,8-dicarboxylic acid, diimidodicarboxylic acid, pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 2-methylimidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2-isopropylimidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, tetrahydropyran-4,4-dicarboxylic acid, perylene-3,9-dicarboxylic acid, perylenedicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 200-dicarboxylic acid, 3,6-dioxaoctanedicarboxylic acid, 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, octadicarboxylic acid, pentane-3,3-carboxylic acid, 4,4′-diamino-1,1′-diphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid, benzidine-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-bis(phenylamino)benzene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,1′-dinaphthyl-S,S′-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-8-methylquinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1-anilinoanthraquinone-2,4′-dicarboxylic acid, polytetrahydrofuran-250-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-bis(carboxymethyl)piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloroquinoline-3,8-dicarboxylic acid, 1-(4-carboxy)phenyl-3-(4-chloro)phenylpyrazoline-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, phenylindanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, 2-benzoylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4,5-cis-dicarboxylic acid, 2,2′-biquinoline-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 3,6,9-trioxaundecanedicarboxylic acid, O-hydroxybenzophenonedicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 300-dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 400-dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 600-dicarboxylic acid, pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid, 5,6-dimethyl-2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyletherdiimidodicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethanediimidodicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfonediimidodicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-adamantanedicarboxylic acid, 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 8-methoxy-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 8-nitro-2,3-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 8-sulfo-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, anthracene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 2′,3′-diphenyl-p-terphenyl-4,4″-dicarboxylic acid, diphenyl-ether-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 4(1 H)-oxothiochromene-2,8-dicarboxylic acid, 5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 7,8-quinolinedicarboxylic acid, 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylic acid, 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, hexatriacontanedicarboxylic acid, tetradecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,7-heptadicarboxylic acid, 5-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1-nonene-6,9-dicarboxylic acid, eicosenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylmethane-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid, 1-amino-4-methyl-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, cyclohexene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 2,9-dichlorofluororubin-4,11-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-3-methylquinoline-6,8-dicarboxylic acid, 2,4-dichlorobenzophenone-2′,5′-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1-methylpyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 1-benzyl-1H-pyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, anthraquinone-1,5-dicarboxylic acid, 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid, 2-nitrobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, heptane-1,7-dicarboxylic acid, cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid 1,14-tetradecanedicarboxylic acid, 5,6-dehydronorbornane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid or 5-ethyl-2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid,


tricarboxylic acids such as


2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-2,3,8-quinolinetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid, 2-phosphono-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-F]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid, 5-acetyl-3-amino-6-methylbenzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, 3-amino-5-benzoyl-6-methylbenzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid or aurintricarboxylic acid,


or tetracarboxylic acids such as


1,1-dioxidoperylo[1,12-BCD]thiophene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid, perylenetetracarboxylic acids such as perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid or perylene-1,12-sulfone-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid, butanetetracarboxylic acids such as 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid or meso-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, decane-2,4,6,8-tetracarboxylic acid, 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,11,12-dodecanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6-hexanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,7,8-octanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,9,10-decanetetracarboxylic acid, benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic acid or cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acids such as cyclopentane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid.


Very particularly preferably, use is made of optionally at least monosubstituted mono-, di-, tri-, tetranuclear or higher nuclear aromatic di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acids, each of the nuclei being able to comprise at least one heteroatom, two or more nuclei being able to comprise identical or different heteroatoms. For example, preference is given to mononuclear dicarboxylic acids, mononuclear tricarboxylic acids, mononuclear tetracarboxylic acids, dinuclear dicarboxylic acids, dinuclear tricarboxylic acids, dinuclear tetracarboxylic acids, trinuclear dicarboxylic acids, trinuclear tricarboxylic acids, trinuclear tetracarboxylic acids, tetranuclear dicarboxylic acids, tetranuclear tricarboxylic acids and/or tetranuclear tetracarboxylic acids. Suitable heteroatoms are, for example N, O, S, B, P, Si, Al, preferred heteroatoms in this case are N, S and/or O. Suitable substituents which may be mentioned in this respect is, inter alia, —OH, a nitro group, an amino group or an alkyl or alkoxy group.


In particular preferably, as at least bidentate organic compounds, use is made of acetylenedicarboxylic acid (ADC), benzenedicarboxylic acids, naphthalenedicarboxylic acids, biphenyldicarboxylic acids, for example 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (BPDC), bipyridinedicarboxylic acids, for example 2,2′-bipyridinedicarboxylic acids, for example 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid, benzenetricarboxylic acids, for example 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid or 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC), adamantanetetracarboxylic acid (ATC), adamantanedibenzoate (ADB), benzenetribenzoate (BTB), methanetetrabenzoate (MTB), adamantanetetrabenzoate, or dihydroxyterephthalic acids, for example 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DHBDC).


Very particularly preferably, use is made of, inter alia, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, 1,2,3-benzentricarboxylic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, or 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid.


In addition to these at least bidentate organic compounds, the MOF can also comprise one or more monodentate ligands.


Suitable solvent for producing the MOFs are, inter alia, ethanol, dimethylformamide, toluene, methanol, chlorobenzene, diethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, water, hydrogen peroxide, methylamine, sodium hydroxide solution, N-methylpolidone ether, acetonitrile, benzyl chloride, triethylamine, ethylene glycol and mixtures thereof. Further metal ions, at least bidentate organic compounds and solvents for producing MOFs are described, inter alia, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,648,508 or DE-A 101 11 230.


The pore size of the MOF can be controlled by selection of the suitable ligand and/or of the at least bidentate organic compound. It is generally true that the greater the organic compound, the greater is the pore size. Preferably, the pore size is 0.2 nm to 30 nm, particularly preferably the pore size is in the range from 0.3 nm to 3 nm, based on the crystalline material.


Examples of MOFs are given hereinafter. In addition to the designation of the MOF, the metal and also the at least bidentate ligand, in addition the solvent and also the cell parameters (angle α, β and γ and also the distances A, B and C in Å) are given. The latter were determined by X-ray diffraction.






















Ingredients











molar ratio







Space


MOF-n
M + L
Solvent S
α
β
γ
a
b
c
group
























MOF-0
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
Ethanol
90
90
120
16.711
16.711
14.189
P6(3)/



H3(BTC)







Mcm


MOF-2
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DMF
90
102.8
90
6.718
15.49
12.43
P2(1)/n



(0.246 mmol)
Toluene



H2(BDC)



0.241 mmol)


MOF-3
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DMF
99.72
111.11
108.4
9.726
9.911
10.45
P-1



(1.89 mmol)
MeOH



H2(BDC)



(1.93 mmol)


MOF-4
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
Ethanol
90
90
90
14.728
14.728
14.728
P2(1)3



(1.00 mmol)



H3(BTC)



(0.5 mmol)


MOF-5
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DMF
90
90
90
25.669
25.669
25.669
Fm-3m



(2.22 mmol)
Chloro-



H2(BDC)
benzene



(2.17 mmol)


MOF-38
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DMF
90
90
90
20.657
20.657
17.84
I4cm



(0.27 mmol)
Chloro-



H3(BTC)
benzene



(0.15 mmol)


MOF-31
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
Ethanol
90
90
90
10.821
10.821
10.821
Pn(-3)m


Zn(ADC)2
0.4 mmol



H2(ADC)



0.8 mmol


MOF-12
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
Ethanol
90
90
90
15.745
16.907
18.167
Pbca


Zn2(ATC)
0.3 mmol



H4(ATC)



0.15 mmol


MOF-20
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DMF
90
92.13
90
8.13
16.444
12.807
P2(1)/c


ZnNDC
0.37 mmol
Chloro-



H2NDC
benzene



0.36 mmol


MOF-37
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DEF
72.38
83.16
84.33
9.952
11.576
15.556
P-1



0.2 mmol
Chloro-



H2NDC
benzene



0.2 mmol


MOF-8
Tb(NO3)3•5H2O
DMSO
90
115.7
90
19.83
9.822
19.183
C2/c


Tb2(ADC)
0.10 mmol
MeOH



H2ADC



0.20 mmol


MOF-9
Tb(NO3)3•5H2O
DMSO
90
102.09
90
27.056
16.795
28.139
C2/c


Tb2(ADC)
0.08 mmol



H2ADB



0.12 mmol


MOF-6
Tb(NO3)3•5H2O
DMF
90
91.28
90
17.599
19.996
10.545
P21/c



0.30 mmol
MeOH



H2(BDC)



0.30 mmol


MOF-7
Tb(NO3)3•5H2O
H2O
102.3
91.12
101.5
6.142
10.069
10.096
P-1



0.15 mmol



H2(BDC)



0.15 mmol


MOF-69A
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DEF
90
111.6
90
23.12
20.92
12
C2/c



0.083 mmol
H2O2



4,4′BPDC
MeNH2



0.041 mmol


MOF-69B
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DEF
90
95.3
90
20.17
18.55
12.16
C2/c



0.083 mmol
H2O2



2,6-NCD
MeNH2



0.041 mmol


MOF-11
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
H2O
90
93.86
90
12.987
11.22
11.336
C2/c


Cu2(ATC)
0.47 mmol



H2ATC



0.22 mmol


MOF-11


90
90
90
8.4671
8.4671
14.44
P42/


Cu2(ATC)








mmc


dehydr.


MOF-14
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
H2O
90
90
90
26.946
26.946
26.946
Im-3


Cu3(BTB)
0.28 mmol
DMF



H3BTB
EtOH



0.052 mmol


MOF-32
Cd(NO3)2•4H2O
H2O
90
90
90
13.468
13.468
13.468
P(-4)3m


Cd(ATC)
0.24 mmol
NaOH



H4ATC



0.10 mmol


MOF-33
ZnCl2
H2O
90
90
90
19.561
15.255
23.404
Imma


Zn2(ATB)
0.15 mmol
DMF



H4ATB
EtOH



0.02 mmol


MOF-34
Ni(NO3)2•6H2O
H2O
90
90
90
10.066
11.163
19.201
P212121


Ni(ATC)
0.24 mmol
NaOH



H4ATC



0.10 mmol


MOF-36
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
H2O
90
90
90
15.745
16.907
18.167
Pbca


Zn2(MTB)
0.20 mmol
DMF



H4MTB



0.04 mmol


MOF-39
Zn(NO3)24H2O
H2O
90
90
90
17.158
21.591
25.308
Pnma


Zn3O(HBTB)
0.27 mmol
DMF



H3BTB
EtOH



0.07 mmol


NO305
FeCl2•4H2O
DMF
90
90
120
8.2692
8.2692
63.566
R-3c



5.03 mmol



formic acid



86.90 mmol


NO306A
FeCl2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
9.9364
18.374
18.374
Pbcn



5.03 mmol



formic acid



86.90 mmol


NO29
Mn(Ac)2•4H2O
DMF
120
90
90
14.16
33.521
33.521
P-1


MOF-0
0.46 mmol


similar
H3BTC



0.69 mmol


BPR48
Zn(NO3)26H2O
DMSO
90
90
90
14.5
17.04
18.02
Pbca


A2
0.012 mmol
Toluene



H2BDC



0.012 mmol


BPR69
Cd(NO3)24H2O
DMSO
90
98.76
90
14.16
15.72
17.66
Cc


B1
0.0212 mmol



H2BDC



0.0428 mmol


BPR92
Co(NO3)2•6H2O
NMP
106.3
107.63
107.2
7.5308
10.942
11.025
P1


A2
0.018 mmol



H2BDC



0.018 mmol


BPR95
Cd(NO3)24H2O
NMP
90
112.8
90
14.460
11.085
15.829
P2(1)/n


C5
0.012 mmol



H2BDC



0.36 mmol


CuC6H4O6
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DMF
90
105.29
90
15.259
14.816
14.13
P2(1)/c



0.370 mmol
Chloro-



H2BDC(OH)2
benzene



0.37 mmol











M(BTC)
Co(SO4)H2O
DMF
as for MOF-0



MOF-0 like
0.055 mmol



H3BTC



0.037 mmol
















Tb(C6H4O6)
Tb(NO3)3•5H2O
DMF
104.6
107.9
97.147
10.491
10.981
12.541
P-1



0.370 mmol
Chloro-



H2(C6H4O6)
benzene



0.56 mmol


Zn(C2O4)
ZnCl2
DMF
90
120
90
9.4168
9.4168
8.464
P(-3)1m



0.370 mmol
Chloro-



oxalic acid
benzene



0.37 mmol


Co(CHO)
Co(NO3)2•5H2O
DMF
90
91.32
90
11.328
10.049
14.854
P2(1)/n



0.043 mmol



formic acid



1.60 mmol


Cd(CHO)
Cd(NO3)2•4H2O
DMF
90
120
90
8.5168
8.5168
22.674
R-3c



0.185 mmol



formic acid



0.185 mmol


Cu(C3H2O4)
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DMF
90
90
90
8.366
8.366
11.919
P43



0.043 mmol



malonic acid



0.192 mmol


Zn6(NDC)5
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DMF
90
95.902
90
19.504
16.482
14.64
C2/m


MOF-48
0.097 mmol
Chloro-



14NDC
benzene



0.069 mmol
H2O2


MOF-47
Zn(NO3)26H2O
DMF
90
92.55
90
11.303
16.029
17.535
P2(1)/c



0.185 mmol
Chloro-



H2(BDC[CH3]4)
benzene



0.185 mmol
H2O2


MO25
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DMF
90
112.0
90
23.880
16.834
18.389
P2(1)/c



0.084 mmol



BPhDC



0.085 mmol


Cu-Thio
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DEF
90
113.6
90
15.4747
14.514
14.032
P2(1)/c



0.084 mmol



thiophene



dicarboxylic acid



0.085 mmol


CIBDC1
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DMF
90
105.6
90
14.911
15.622
18.413
C2/c



0.0084 mmol



H2(BDCCl2)



0.085 mmol


MOF-101
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DMF
90
90
90
21.607
20.607
20.073
Fm3m



0.084 mmol



BrBDC



0.085 mmol


Zn3(BTC)2
ZnCl2
DMF
90
90
90
26.572
26.572
26.572
Fm-3m



0.033 mmol
EtOH



H3BTC
Base



0.033 mmol
Added


MOF-j
Co(CH3CO2)2•4H2O
H2O
90
112.0
90
17.482
12.963
6.559
C2



(1.65 mmol)



H3(BZC)



(0.95 mmol)


MOF-n
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
Ethanol
90
90
120
16.711
16.711
14.189
P6(3)/mcm



H3(BTC)


PbBDC
Pb(NO3)2
DMF
90
102.7
90
8.3639
17.991
9.9617
P2(1)/n



(0.181 mmol)
Ethanol



H2(BDC)



(0.181 mmol)


Znhex
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DMF
90
90
120
37.1165
37.117
30.019
P3(1)c



(0.171 mmol)
p-Xylene



H3BTB
Ethanol



(0.114 mmol)


AS16
FeBr2
DMF
90
90.13
90
7.2595
8.7894
19.484
P2(1)c



0.927 mmol
anhydr.



H2(BDC)



0.927 mmol


AS27-2
FeBr2
DMF
90
90
90
26.735
26.735
26.735
Fm3m



0.927 mmol
anhydr.



H3(BDC)



0.464 mmol


AS32
FeCl3
DMF anhydr.
90
90
120
12.535
12.535
18.479
P6(2)c



1.23 mmol
Ethanol



H2(BDC)



1.23 mmol


AS54-3
FeBr2
DMF anhydr.
90
109.98
90
12.019
15.286
14.399
C2



0.927
n-Propanol



BPDC



0.927 mmol


AS61-4
FeBr2
Pyridine
90
90
120
13.017
13.017
14.896
P6(2)c



0.927 mmol
anhydr.



m-BDC



0.927 mmol


AS68-7
FeBr2
DMF anhydr.
90
90
90
18.3407
10.036
18.039
Pca21



0.927 mmol
Pyridine



m-BDC



1.204 mmol


Zn(ADC)
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DMF
90
99.85
90
16.764
9.349
9.635
C2/c



0.37 mmol
Chloro-



H2(ADC)
benzene



0.36 mmol


MOF-12
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
Ethanol
90
90
90
15.745
16.907
18.167
Pbca


Zn2(ATC)
0.30 mmol



H4(ATC)



0.15 mmol


MOF-20
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DMF
90
92.13
90
8.13
16.444
12.807
P2(1)/c


ZnNDC
0.37 mmol
Chloro-



H2NDC
benzene



0.36 mmol


MOF-37
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DEF
72.38
83.16
84.33
9.952
11.576
15.556
P-1



0.20 mmol
Chloro-



H2NDC
benzene



0.20 mmol


Zn(NDC)
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DMSO
68.08
75.33
88.31
8.631
10.207
13.114
P-1


(DMSO)
H2NDC


Zn(NDC)
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O

90
99.2
90
19.289
17.628
15.052
C2/c



H2NDC


Zn(HPDC)
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DMF
107.9
105.06
94.4
8.326
12.085
13.767
P-1



0.23 mmol
H2O



H2(HPDC)



0.05 mmol


Co(HPDC)
Co(NO3)2•6H2O
DMF
90
97.69
90
29.677
9.63
7.981
C2/c



0.21 mmol
H2O/Ethanol



H2(HPDC)



0.06 mmol


Zn3(PDC)2.5
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DMF/CIBz
79.34
80.8
85.83
8.564
14.046
26.428
P-1



0.17 mmol
H20/TEA



H2(HPDC)



0.05 mmol


Cd2(TPDC)2
Cd(NO3)2•4H2O
Methanol/
70.59
72.75
87.14
10.102
14.412
14.964
P-1



0.06 mmol
CHP H2O



H2(HPDC)



0.06 mmol


Tb(PDC)1.5
Tb(NO3)3•5H2O
DMF
109.8
103.61
100.14
9.829
12.11
14.628
P-1



0.21 mmol
H2O/Ethanol



H2(PDC)



0.034 mmol


ZnDBP
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
MeOH
90
93.67
90
9.254
10.762
27.93
P2/n



0.05 mmol



dibenzyl phosphate



0.10 mmol


Zn3(BPDC)
ZnBr2
DMF
90
102.76
90
11.49
14.79
19.18
P21/n



0.021 mmol



4,4′BPDC



0.005 mmol


CdBDC
Cd(NO3)2•4H2O
DMF
90
95.85
90
11.2
11.11
16.71
P21/n



0.100 mmol
Na2SiO3



H2(BDC)
(aq)



0.401 mmol


Cd-mBDC
Cd(NO3)2•4H2O
DMF
90
101.1
90
13.69
18.25
14.91
C2/c



0.009 mmol
MeNH2



H2(mBDC)



0.018 mmol


Zn4OBNDC
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DEF
90
90
90
22.35
26.05
59.56
Fmmm



0.041 mmol
MeNH2



BNDC
H2O2


Eu(TCA)
Eu(NO3)3•6H2O
DMF
90
90
90
23.325
23.325
23.325
Pm-3n



0.14 mmol
Chloro-



TCA
benzene



0.026 mmol


Tb(TCA)
Tb(NO3)3•6H2O
DMF
90
90
90
23.272
23.272
23.372
Pm-3n



0.069 mmol
Chloro-



TCA
benzene



0.026 mmol


Formates
Ce(NO3)3•6H2O
H2O
90
90
120
10.668
10.667
4.107
R-3m



0.138 mmol
Ethanol



formic acid



0.43 mmol



FeCl2•4H2O
DMF
90
90
120
8.2692
8.2692
63.566
R-3c



5.03 mmol



formic acid



86.90 mmol



FeCl2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
9.9364
18.374
18.374
Pbcn



5.03 mmol



formic acid



86.90 mmol



FeCl2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
8.335
8.335
13.34
P-31c



5.03 mmol



formic acid



86.90 mmol


NO330
FeCl2•4H2O
Formamide
90
90
90
8.7749
11.655
8.3297
Pnna



0.50 mmol



formic acid



8.69 mmol


NO332
FeCl2•4H2O
DIP
90
90
90
10.0313
18.808
18.355
Pbcn



0.50 mmol



formic acid



8.69 mmol


NO333
FeCl2•4H2O
DBF
90
90
90
45.2754
23.861
12.441
Cmcm



0.50 mmol



formic acid



8.69 mmol


NO335
FeCl2•4H2O
CHF
90
91.372
90
11.5964
10.187
14.945
P21/n



0.50 mmol



formic acid



8.69 mmol


NO336
FeCl2•4H2O
MFA
90
90
90
11.7945
48.843
8.4136
Pbcm



0.50 mmol



formic acid



8.69 mmol


NO13
Mn(Ac)2•4H2O
Ethanol
90
90
90
18.66
11.762
9.418
Pbcn



0.46 mmol



benzoic acid



0.92 mmol



bipyridine



0.46 mmol


NO29
Mn(Ac)2•4H2O
DMF
120
90
90
14.16
33.521
33.521
P-1


MOF-0 like
0.46 mmol



H3BTC



0.69 mmol


Mn(hfac)2
Mn(Ac)2•4H2O
Ether
90
95.32
90
9.572
17.162
14.041
C2/c


(O2CC6H5)
0.46 mmol



Hfac



0.92 mmol



bipyridine



0.46 mmol


BPR43G2
Zn(NO3)2•6H2O
DMF
90
91.37
90
17.96
6.38
7.19
C2/c



0.0288 mmol
CH3CN



H2BDC



0.0072 mmol


BPR48A2
Zn(NO3)26H2O
DMSO
90
90
90
14.5
17.04
18.02
Pbca



0.012 mmol
Toluene



H2BDC



0.012 mmol


BPR49B1
Zn(NO3)26H2O
DMSO
90
91.172
90
33.181
9.824
17.884
C2/c



0.024 mmol
Methanol



H2BDC



0.048 mmol


BPR56E1
Zn(NO3)26H2O
DMSO
90
90.096
90
14.5873
14.153
17.183
P2(1)/n



0.012 mmol
n-Propanol



H2BDC



0.024 mmol


BPR68D10
Zn(NO3)26H2O
DMSO
90
95.316
90
10.0627
10.17
16.413
P2(1)/c



0.0016 mmol
Benzene



H3BTC



0.0064 mmol


BPR69B1
Cd(NO3)24H2O
DMSO
90
98.76
90
14.16
15.72
17.66
Cc



0.0212 mmol



H2BDC



0.0428 mmol


BPR73E4
Cd(NO3)24H2O
DMSO
90
92.324
90
8.7231
7.0568
18.438
P2(1)/n



0.006 mmol
Toluene



H2BDC



0.003 mmol


BPR76D5
Zn(NO3)26H2O
DMSO
90
104.17
90
14.4191
6.2599
7.0611
Pc



0.0009 mmol



H2BzPDC



0.0036 mmol


BPR80B5
Cd(NO3)2•4H2O
DMF
90
115.11
90
28.049
9.184
17.837
C2/c



0.018 mmol



H2BDC



0.036 mmol


BPR80H5
Cd(NO3)24H2O
DMF
90
119.06
90
11.4746
6.2151
17.268
P2/c



0.027 mmol



H2BDC



0.027 mmol


BPR82C6
Cd(NO3)24H2O
DMF
90
90
90
9.7721
21.142
27.77
Fdd2



0.0068 mmol



H2BDC



0.202 mmol


BPR86C3
Co(NO3)26H2O
DMF
90
90
90
18.3449
10.031
17.983
Pca2(1)



0.0025 mmol



H2BDC



0.075 mmol


BPR86H6
Cd(NO3)2•6H2O
DMF
80.98
89.69
83.412
9.8752
10.263
15.362
P-1



0.010 mmol



H2BDC



0.010 mmol



Co(NO3)26H2O
NMP
106.3
107.63
107.2
7.5308
10.942
11.025
P1


BPR95A2
Zn(NO3)26H2O
NMP
90
102.9
90
7.4502
13.767
12.713
P2(1)/c



0.012 mmol



H2BDC



0.012 mmol


CuC6F4O4
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DMF
90
98.834
90
10.9675
24.43
22.553
P2(1)/n



0.370 mmol
Chloro-



H2BDC(OH)2
benzene



0.37 mmol


Fe Formic
FeCl2•4H2O
DMF
90
91.543
90
11.495
9.963
14.48
P2(1)/n



0.370 mmol



formic acid



0.37 mmol


Mg Formic
Mg(NO3)2•6H2O
DMF
90
91.359
90
11.383
9.932
14.656
P2(1)/n



0.370 mmol



formic acid



0.37 mmol


MgC6H4O6
Mg(NO3)2•6H2O
DMF
90
96.624
90
17.245
9.943
9.273
C2/c



0.370 mmol



H2BDC(OH)2



0.37 mmol


ZnC2H4BDC
ZnCl2
DMF
90
94.714
90
7.3386
16.834
12.52
P2(1)/n


MOF-38
0.44 mmol



CBBDC



0.261 mmol


MOF-49
ZnCl2
DMF
90
93.459
90
13.509
11.984
27.039
P2/c



0.44 mmol
CH3CN



m-BDC



0.261 mmol


MOF-26
Cu(NO3)2•5H2O
DMF
90
95.607
90
20.8797
16.017
26.176
P2(1)/n



0.084 mmol



DCPE



0.085 mmol


MOF-112
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DMF
90
107.49
90
29.3241
21.297
18.069
C2/c



0.084 mmol
Ethanol



o-Br-m-BDC



0.085 mmol


MOF-109
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DMF
90
111.98
90
23.8801
16.834
18.389
P2(1)/c



0.084 mmol



KDB



0.085 mmol


MOF-111
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DMF
90
102.16
90
10.6767
18.781
21.052
C2/c



0.084 mmol
Ethanol



o-BrBDC



0.085 mmol


MOF-110
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DMF
90
90
120
20.0652
20.065
20.747
R-3/m



0.084 mmol



thiophene



dicarboxylic acid



0.085 mmol


MOF-107
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DEF
104.8
97.075
95.206
11.032
18.067
18.452
P-1



0.084 mmol



thiophene



dicarboxylic acid



0.085 mmol


MOF-108
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DBF/
90
113.63
90
15.4747
14.514
14.032
C2/c



0.084 mmol
Methanol



thiophene



dicarboxylic acid



0.085 mmol


MOF-102
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DMF
91.63
106.24
112.01
9.3845
10.794
10.831
P-1



0.084 mmol



H2(BDCCl2)



0.085 mmol


Clbdc1
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DEF
90
105.56
90
14.911
15.622
18.413
P-1



0.084 mmol



H2(BDCCl2)



0.085 mmol


Cu(NMOP)
Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O
DMF
90
102.37
90
14.9238
18.727
15.529
P2(1)/m



0.084 mmol



NBDC



0.085 mmol


Tb(BTC)
Tb(NO3)3•5H2O
DMF
90
106.02
90
18.6986
11.368
19.721



0.033 mmol



H3BTC



0.033 mmol


Zn3(BTC)2
ZnCl2
DMF
90
90
90
26.572
26.572
26.572
Fm-3m


Honk
0.033 mmol
Ethanol



H3BTC



0.033 mmol


Zn4O(NDC)
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DMF
90
90
90
41.5594
18.818
17.574
aba2



0.066 mmol
Ethanol



14NDC



0.066 mmol


CdTDC
Cd(NO3)2•4H2O
DMF
90
90
90
12.173
10.485
7.33
Pmma



0.014 mmol
H2O



thiophene



0.040 mmol



DABCO



0.020 mmol


IRMOF-2
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
25.772
25.772
25.772
Fm-3m



0.160 mmol



o-Br-BDC



0.60 mmol


IRMOF-3
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
25.747
25.747
25.747
Fm-3m



0.20 mmol
Ethanol



H2N-BDC



0.60 mmol


IRMOF-4
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
25.849
25.849
25.849
Fm-3m



0.11 mmol



[C3H7O]2-BDC



0.48 mmol


IRMOF-5
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
12.882
12.882
12.882
Pm-3m



0.13 mmol



[C5H11O]2-BDC



0.50 mmol


IRMOF-6
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
25.842
25.842
25.842
Fm-3m



0.20 mmol



[C2H4]-BDC



0.60 mmol


IRMOF-7
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
12.914
12.914
12.914
Pm-3m



0.07 mmol



1,4NDC



0.20 mmol


IRMOF-8
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
30.092
30.092
30.092
Fm-3m



0.55 mmol



2,6NDC



0.42 mmol


IRMOF-9
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
17.147
23.322
25.255
Pnnm



0.05 mmol



BPDC



0.42 mmol


IRMOF-10
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
34.281
34.281
34.281
Fm-3m



0.02 mmol



BPDC



0.012 mmol


IRMOF-11
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
24.822
24.822
56.734
R-3m



0.05 mmol



HPDC



0.20 mmol


IRMOF-12
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
34.281
34.281
34.281
Fm-3m



0.017 mmol



HPDC



0.12 mmol


IRMOF-13
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
24.822
24.822
56.734
R-3m



0.048 mmol



PDC



0.31 mmol


IRMOF-14
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
34.381
34.381
34.381
Fm-3m



0.17 mmol



PDC



0.12 mmol


IRMOF-15
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
21.459
21.459
21.459
Im-3m



0.063 mmol



TPDC



0.025 mmol


IRMOF-16
Zn(NO3)2•4H2O
DEF
90
90
90
21.49
21.49
21.49
Pm-3m



0.0126 mmol
NMP



TPDC



0.05 mmol





ADC Acetylenedicarboxylic acid


NDC Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid


BDC Benzenedicarboxylic acid


ATC Adamantanetetracarboxylic acid


BTC Benzenetricarboxylic acid


BTB Benzenetribenzoic acid


MTB Methanetetrabenzoic acid


ATB Adamantanetetrabenzoic acid


ADB Adamantanedibenzoic acid






Further MOFs are MOF-177, MOF-178, MOF-74, MOF-235, MOF-236, MOF-69 to 80, MOF-501, MOF-502, which are described in the literature.


In particular preference is given to a porous metal-organic framework material in which Zn, Al, Ni or Cu is present as metal ion and the at least bidentate organic compound is terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid or 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid.


In addition to the conventional method for producing the MOFs, as is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,648,508, they can also be produced in an electrochemical method. In this respect, reference is made to DE-A 103 55 087 and also WO-A 2005/049892. The MOFs produced in this manner exhibit particularly good properties in connection with adsorption and desorption of chemical substances, in particular gases. They are thus different from those which are produced conventionally, even when they are formed from the same organic and metal-ion constituents, and are therefore to be considered novel framework materials. In the context of the present invention, electrochemically produced MOFs are particularly preferred.


Accordingly, the electrochemical production relates to a crystalline porous metal-organic framework material comprising at least one, at least bidentate, organic compound bound by coordination to at least one metal ion, which is produced in a reaction medium comprising the at least one bidentate organic compound at least one metal ion by oxidation of at least one anode comprising the corresponding metal.


The term “electrochemical production” designates a production method in which the formation of at least one reaction product is associated with the migration of electric charges or the occurrence of electric potentials.


The term “at least one metal ion”, as used in connection with the electrochemical production, designates embodiments according to which at least one ion of a metal ion or at least one ion of a first metal and at least one ion of at least one second metal different from the first metal are provided by anodic oxidation.


Accordingly, the electrochemical production relates to embodiments in which at least one ion of at least one metal is provided by anodic oxidation and at least one ion of at least one metal is provided by a metal salt, the at least one metal in the metal salt and the at least one metal which is provided as metal ion via anodic oxidation being able to be identical or different from one another. Therefore, the present invention, in relation to electrochemically produced MOFs comprises, for example, an embodiment according to which the reaction medium comprises one or more different salts of a metal and the metal ion present in this salt or in these salts is additionally provided by anodic oxidation of at least one anode comprising this metal. Likewise, the reaction medium can comprise one or more different salts of at least one metal and at least one metal different from these metals can be provided via anodic oxidation as metal ion in the reaction medium.


According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention in connection with the electrochemical production, the at least one metal ion is provided by anodic oxidation of at least one anode comprising this at least one metal, no further metal being provided via a metal salt.


The term “metal”, as used in the context of the present invention in connection with the electrochemical production of MOFs, comprises all elements of the Periodic Table of the Elements which can be provided via anodic oxidation in the electrochemical method in a reaction medium and are able with at least one at least bidentate organic compound to form at least one metal-organic porous framework material.


Independently of its production, the resultant MOF is produced in powder or crystalline form. This is preferably used as such in the inventive suspension. In this case the metal-organic framework material acts as sorbent. Furthermore, other sorbents can also be used in the suspension. In principle, the metal-organic framework material can also be converted into a shaped body and this can be used in the inventive suspension.


The present invention further relates to the use of the inventive suspension for odor reduction.


The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter by the following examples.







EXAMPLES
Example 1

On the basis of an odor test, the action of an inventive suspension having various metal-organic framework materials is investigated with respect to the reduction of odor due to odor substances from cigarette smoke. A suspension of β-cyclodextrin, and also pure water, are used as comparison.


The following samples are used:

  • Sample 1: 0.5% by weight of β-cyclodextrin in water,
  • Sample 2: 0.5% by weight of MOF-5 in water (Zn with terephthalic acid),
  • Sample 3: 0.5% by weight of IR-MOF-8 in water (Zn with 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid),
  • Sample 4: 0.5% by weight of copper framework material produced electrochemically according to Example 2 of WO-A 2005/049892 and also water.


The apparatus used is a 10 l vessel having two closeable openings situated at opposite points. The test fabric used is cotton body Lg. No, 286. In addition, a cigarette of the brand Gauloises Blondes, blue packet (10 mg tar, 0.8 mg nicotine) is used. For preparation, the test fabric is suspended in the apparatus. At one opening, a cigarette is mounted in such a manner that smoke can be drawn through the filter of the cigarette into the vessel. At the other opening, a vacuum is applied in order to be able to draw the smoke into the vessel. Vacuum is controlled manually via a T piece in such a manner that the cigarette burns as uniformly as possible with 2 minutes to the start of the line. Thereafter the vacuum is to be taken rapidly from the apparatus and the apparatus is to be closed on both sides. The test fabric is then left for 2 hours in the apparatus, cut to 6×6 cm and if appropriate placed for storage in a closed plastic flask. From a distance of approximately 30 cm, the test fabric is brought into contact by spraying samples 1 to 4 and also water by two spray bursts (approximately 2.5 ml) using a commercially conventional pressure-pump atomizer, in such a manner that the entire surface of the test fabric is wetted. Thereafter, the test fabrics are dried at room temperature for 1 hour, hanging freely. The test fabrics are rated with respect to their odor immediately in the moist state (Table A), and after 6 hours in the dry state (Table B).


Assessment Score 1=without odor

    • 10=strong cigarette odor














TABLE A





Assessor
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Sample 4
Water




















A
4
8
5
5
10


B
3
10
6
7
10


C
5
7
4
6
10


D
4
7
7
4
9


E
4
8
4
4
10


F
5
6
4
4
10


G
3
9
5
5
10


H
4
8
5
4
10


Average
4.0
7.9
5
4.9
9.9





















TABLE B





Assessor
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Sample 4
Water




















A
6
8
3
4
10


B
5
7
4
5
10


C
10
4
5
5
10


D
5
5
3
3
9


E
6
8
3
2
10


F
6
9
1
3
10


G
5
10
2
1
10


H
5
7
1
2
10


Average
6.0
7.4
2.8
3.5
9.9









Example 2

Samples Tested:




  • water, samples 1 to 3 according to example 1


    Reagents:

  • cotton twill Lg. No. 286

  • cigarette (Gauloises Blondes, blue packet, 10 mg tar, 0.8 mg nicotine)


    Preparation:



The test fabrics are suspended in the apparatus described in example 1. At one opening, a cigarette is mounted in such a manner that smoke can be drawn through the filter of the cigarette into the vessel. At the other opening, a vacuum is applied in order to be able to draw the smoke into the vessel. Vacuum is controlled manually via a T piece in such a manner that the cigarette burns as uniformly as possible within 2 minutes up to the start of the line. Thereafter the vacuum is to be taken as rapidly as possible from the apparatus and the apparatus is to be closed on both sides. The test fabrics are then left for two hours in the apparatus, cut to 6×6 cm, and if appropriate placed for storage in a closed plastic bottle.


Procedure:


The test fabrics are attached to a filter paper which is suspended vertically on a non-absorbent wall.


From a distance of 30 cm, per fabric and per sample under test, 2 spray bursts (approximately 2.5 ml) are applied by the atomizer in such a manner that the entire surface of the test fabric is wetted. Thereafter the test fabrics are dried at room temperature for 30 min, hanging freely. The test fabrics are rated with respect to their odor. The result is presented in the table hereinafter.


Assessment score 1=without odor






    • 10=strong cigarette odor

























Sample

Sample


Assessor
Smoker
Untreated
Water
1
Sample 2
3





















A
No
7
7
8
6
5


B
Yes
7
8
6
5
5


C
No
7
8
7
6
6


D
No
9
8
6
8
4


E
No
9
8
8
8
7


F
No
8
7
5
7
5


G
Yes
9
6
9
3
8


H
Yes
8
6
5
5
7


I
Yes
9
7
4
5
6


J
No
10
6
3
2
2












Mean
9.3
8.1
7.1
6.6
6.7








Claims
  • 1. A method for odor reduction, comprising contacting a gas comprising the odor, or an odor adhering to the surface of an article or to an organism with a suspension for odor reduction comprising: a porous metal-organic framework material in a liquid,the framework material comprisingat least one, at least bidentate, organic compound bound by coordination to at least one metal ion, whereinthe concentration of the framework material is in the range from 0.01 to 2.5% by weight based on the total weight of the suspension,the liquid contains water or is water, andthe odor is caused by tobacco smoke.
  • 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the framework material comprises Zn, Al, Ni or Cu as the metal ion and the at least bidentate organic compound is terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,6naphthalenedicarboxylic acid or 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid.
  • 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the suspension is contained in an atomizer.
  • 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas is air.
  • 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the odor is caused by at least one odor substance and wherein the odor substance has a vapor pressure of greater than 0.001 kpa at 20° C.
  • 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the odor is caused by at least one odor substance and wherein the odor substance has a vapor pressure of great than 0.001 kPa at 20° C.
  • 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal-organic framework material comprises micropores.
  • 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal-organic framework material comprises micropores and/or mesopores.
  • 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal-organic framework material comprises pores with a size of 0.2 nm to 30 nm.
Priority Claims (1)
Number Date Country Kind
10 2005 023 857 May 2005 DE national
PCT Information
Filing Document Filing Date Country Kind 371c Date
PCT/EP2006/062376 5/17/2006 WO 00 11/26/2007
Publishing Document Publishing Date Country Kind
WO2006/125739 11/30/2006 WO A
US Referenced Citations (3)
Number Name Date Kind
4909986 Kobayashi et al. Mar 1990 A
5648508 Yaghi Jul 1997 A
5942217 Woo et al. Aug 1999 A
Foreign Referenced Citations (5)
Number Date Country
1 574 158 Sep 2005 EP
2003-070890 Mar 2003 JP
2004-008357 Jan 2004 JP
00 23119 Apr 2000 WO
03 102000 Dec 2003 WO
Related Publications (1)
Number Date Country
20080206093 A1 Aug 2008 US