Not Applicable.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a suspension member for a motor vehicle; and, more specifically, to a suspension member having a structure for receiving a ball joint.
2. Description of Related Art
Wheel suspension arrangements connect vehicle wheels to the chassis or to the self-supporting body of a motor vehicle. Individual wheel suspension arrangements, in contrast to rigid axles, are composed of separate wheel suspension arrangements on the two sides of a motor vehicle, such that the wheel positions on the two sides do not influence one another. Wheel suspension arrangements are typically constructed from so-called control arms or links that fix the wheels horizontally to the chassis or body. Here, control arms or transverse links are major constituent parts of wheel suspension arrangements, in particular of front-wheel suspension arrangements. In one example, a control arm or transverse link is installed transverse the direction of travel. A typical form of a control arm or transverse link is a single-shell triangular member having two connecting arms are connected by way of rubber bearings to the body, and one connecting arm, connected by way of a joint, typically a ball joint, to a wheel carrier of a wheel.
Ball joints absorb forces from multiple directions and transmit forces in multiple directions. Ball joints typically include a joint pin, on one end of which there is formed a ball, a shell which receives the ball of the pin, and a joint housing which accommodates the shell and parts of the ball pin. The ball of the ball pin slides in the prestressed, permanently lubricated shell protected against moisture and dirt by the housing.
The connection of the ball joint housing to a corresponding control arm or transverse link may be realized, for example, by way of a press-fit connection, a welded connection, a screw connection, a rivet connection and the like. A press-fit connection, realized by friction locking, is a low cost variant. However, a press-fit connection a greater space requirement in relation to other connection types do to the material thickness of the wall of the press-fit seat and the resulting large bend radius of the material. The press-fit seat is typically a deep-drawn cylinder in the material of the link whereby a press-fit ball joint must inevitably be arranged further to the inside in relation to the vehicle dimensions than with other methods. This has an adverse effect on the steering characteristics of the vehicle, as the steering offset is not optimally configured.
A first example of the invention is a suspension member including a link having a material thickness and a ball joint seat. The ball joint seat includes a flange wherein the flange includes a wall having an inner side. The flange has a material thickness wherein the material thickness of the flange is smaller than the material thickness of the link.
Furthermore, a method of forming a suspension member for a motor vehicle is disclosed, in particular, a control arm or transverse link. The method includes providing a metal sheet having an initial material thickness as a starting material. Providing a tool and using the tool to cut a shape from the respective metal sheet corresponding to the basic shape of the suspension member. Deforming the metal sheet to form the suspension member including forming a ball joint seat in the suspension member wherein the ball joint seat includes a flange. Removing material from an inner side of the flange in a region provided for press-fit contact with a ball joint.
Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
In an exemplary example, the control arm or transverse link 22 has a material thickness (t1) approximately 4mm thick. Correspondingly, the flange portion 3 has a material thickness that is, a reduced wall thickness (t2) in the region of the opening 2. The region with reduced wall thickness (t2) may also be arranged in some region other than the opening 2 of the ball joint seat 1, if the friction or press-fit contact with the ball joint 4 is realized in said corresponding region. In the exemplary embodiment, the flange portion 3 has a material thickness (t2) approximately 1 mm thick.
The starting material of the control arm or transverse link 22, and the ball joint seat 1, is preferably a metal sheet, for example a flat metal workpiece. The structure of the control arm or transverse link 22 with all necessary shapes, including that of the ball joint seat 1 for receiving the ball joint, is conventionally produced in a tool designed for carrying out all necessary machining processes. The material of the ball joint seat 1 is, in the region provided for the friction or press-fit contact with the ball joint 4, reduced by way of a cutting method such that the initial material thickness (t1) of the ball joint seat 1, that is the initial thickness (t1) of the flange 3, is reduced to a smaller or lesser material thickness (t2). The reduction in the material thickness is advantageous because it permits a press-fit connection to the ball joint 4 having a smaller outer diameter, see
Here, the material is structurally stable enough and does not lose structural integrity because of the press-fit connection, or in other words is not plastically deformed such that, under some circumstances, the functionality of the connection between control arm or transverse link 22 and wheel carrier realized by way of the ball joint seat 1 and ball joint 4 is lost. What is preferable is a control arm or transverse link 22 with a ball joint seat 1, which, in the region provided for the friction or press-fit contact with the ball joint 4, is the opening 2 of the ball joint seat 1. In this example, the opening 2 is such that region of the ball joint seat 1 in which there is close contact, which effects the friction locking of the press-fit connection, between the ball joint 4 and the ball joint seat 1.
The ball joint seat 1 includes as opening 2 sized to receive a press-fit ball joint 4. The ball joint seat 1 may be regarded as a pot-shaped housing designed to receive, by press-fitting, the ball joint 4 to form a friction or press-fit connection to the ball joint 4.
As disclosed, the control arm or transverse link 22 including the ball joint seat 1 are produced from a single piece of sheet-metal or plate. The overall structure or configuration of the control arm or transverse link 22, including the configuration of the ball joint seat 1 are produced, in part, by deformation; i.e., punching. In particular, near the ball joint seat 1, by deformation including pulling-through, plunging, deep drawing, or else in part by cutting methods such as chip removal, in that part of the ball joint seat 1 provided for the friction or press-fit contact with the ball joint 4. The forming process may be performed in one tool, in which further deformation methods, including bending, flow pressing, and extrusion may be performed.
In one example, the ball joint seat 1 can be produced as a metal-sheet rim hole formed by plunging, whereby a downwardly depending flange 3, as illustrated in
The rounded transition region 10a from the substantially horizontal plane 8 of the control arm or transverse link 22 into the orientation, perpendicular thereto, of the wall 9 of the flange 3 of the ball joint seat, produced by deep drawing or in some other way, is preferably backward-upset. Bending the flange 3 backward counter to the initial downwardly depending direction of the flange 3 or rim hole by action of a force applied in the direction of arrows 24 reduces the bend radius of the ball joint seat 1. The smaller bend radius increases the maximum height of the provided press-fit connection, that is, the proximity to the opening 2 of the ball joint seat 1 or to the plane of the surface 8 of the control arm or transverse link 22. In this way, the ball joint 4 mounted in the ball joint seat 1 is closer to the wheel assembly wherein the steering offset of the motor vehicle wheel connected to the control arm or transverse link 22 is positively influenced. The upsetting of the material is also advantageous because material compaction of the ball joint seat 1 can also be effected in this way.
The reduction in material thickness (t2) of the flange 3, produced by removing material from the inside surface 9a of the flange 3, is preferably realized by chip-removing methods. Here, material is removed in relatively small amounts, by a cylindrical device, preferably a punch 20 driven or drawn through the opening 2. The punch 20 may be a plane.
If not required for the stability of the ball joint seat 1, and of the control arm or transverse link 22, excess outwardly protruding material 11 is removed as illustrated by the dotted line 30. For example, the material 11 of
The control arm or transverse link 22 according to the invention is preferably of single-shell form. Single-shell control arms or transverse links can advantageously be produced easily and inexpensively and are distinguished by a low weight. The control arm or transverse link 22 according to the invention is preferably formed with the ball joint seat 1 as a unipartite sheet-metal element. In one example, the material of the entire control arm or transverse link 22 is cut out of a sheet-metal plate before the deformation process. It is preferably possible for the control arm or transverse link 22, after being cut out of a sheet-metal blank, which may be performed by punching, to also be deformed by punching. For the production of the ball joint seat 1 and the reduction of the material thickness (t1) of the flange 3 of the ball joint seat 1, devices for rim-hole forming or deep drawing and chip removal are however also required. Such devices may be provided in one tool. For the punching and/or for some other method for the deformation of the control arm or transverse link 22 with all structures including the ball joint seat 1, provision is therefore made of a corresponding tool designed for producing the structures of the control arm or transverse link 22.
The control arm or transverse link 22 includes a ball joint 4 press-fit into the ball joint seat 1. The ball joint 4 is, by way of its housing 7, surrounded by a support structure, in the preferred example a flange 3 of the ball joint seat 1 that fixedly connects the ball joint 4 to the control arm or transverse link 22 by friction or press-fit locking. Whereby the press-fit ball joint 4 and the control arm or transverse link 22 can be connected to a wheel bearing of a motor vehicle. Further, the material of the ball joint seat 1 has a reduction in material thickness (t2), in the region provided for friction or press-fit contact with the ball joint 4, in particular in the region of the opening 2 of the ball joint seat 1.
In a further step S3, a shape corresponding to the basic shape of the control arm or transverse link 22 is cut out of the metal sheet. The dimensions of the cut out shape, also referred to as a blank, are configured such that all regions to be deformed, and all regions which are not to be deformed, of the transverse link are encompassed in the cut out shape or blank. The blank is cut out of the metal sheet preferably by punching.
In step S4, the blank or the metal sheet is deformed in the tool to form a control arm or transverse link 22 with all link elements and having the ball joint seat 1 for receiving the ball joint 4. Here, the ball joint seat 1 including the flange 3 is formed preferably by plunging. Alternatively, the ball joint seat 1 may be formed for example by deep drawing. As shown, initially the flange 3 has a material thickness (t1) the same as the metal sheet.
In step S5, the material of the ball joint seat 1, in particular in the rounded transition region 10a of the ball joint seat 1, from a horizontal plane 8 of the surface of the control arm or transverse link 22 to the inner side 9a arranged perpendicular thereto, of the wall 9 of the ball joint seat 1, is upset backward. For this purpose, the transition region 10a is bent backward by action of force in the direction of the arrows 24 towards the opening 2 of the ball joint seat 1. Such backward-upsetting may likewise be performed in the tool mentioned above. In the process, the radius of the transition region 10a is reduced to the radius of the backward-upset transition region 10b.
In step S6, movement of the cylindrical device 20 in the opening 2 of the ball joint seat 1 removes material, in the form of chips, from the inner side 9a of the wall 9 of flange 3 of the ball joint seat 1. This step continues until a desired increase of the inner diameter of the opening 2 of the ball joint seat 1 is obtained. Increasing the inner diameter of the opening 2 correspondingly decreases the initial material thickness (t1) of the flange 3. Step S6 may also be performed before step S5.
The method according to the invention is advantageous because reducing the initial material thickness (t1) to a reduced material thickness (t2) correspondingly reduces the outer diameter of the ball joint seat 1 as compared with conventional seats. The reduced outer diameter yields a smaller space requirement of the press-fit connection of the ball joint 4 to the ball joint seat 1. The outer diameter of the ball joint seat refers to the width or the outer dimensions of the wall 9 of the flange 3 of the ball joint seat 1 having the press-fit ball joint 4 as illustrated by arrow 14 of
One example includes a single-shell control arm or transverse link 22 produced in the method according to the invention. The production of single-shell control arms or transverse links 22 is advantageously inexpensive, and single-shell control arms or transverse links 22 are of simple but stable structure and are distinguished by a low weight.
The starting material of the transverse link, and also of the ball joint seat 1, is preferably a metal sheet, for example a flat metal workpiece. The starting material is a so-called sheet-metal coil on which the metal sheet is wound up. A shape corresponding to the basic shape of the control arm or transverse link 22, a so-called blank, is cut from the metal sheet. The link elements of the control arm or transverse link 22 are in this case all elements typically exhibited by a link, in particular a control arm or transverse link 22, for example track rods, support arms, fastening devices and the like. The control arm or transverse link 22 and the ball joint seat are produced as a unipartite sheet-metal element in the method according to the invention.
In the method according to the invention, the region provided for friction or press-fit contact with the ball joint 4 is preferably the opening 2 of the ball joint seat 1. The reduction in the material thickness (t2) of the wall 9 is produced in the region of the opening 2 of the ball joint seat 1. The reduction of the wall thickness (t2) may however also be produced in some other region of the ball joint seat 1 if the friction or press-fit contact with the ball joint 4 is to be realized there.
The ball joint seat 1 is preferably formed by a drawing punch being pulled through the material of the control arm or transverse link 22. A so-called metal-sheet rim hole is formed in this way. This method is also referred to as plunging. A further possibility for forming the means is deep drawing. The wall thickness (t2) of the ball joint seat is preferably reduced by chip removal, that is material being removed from the inner side 9a of the wall 9 of the flange 3 of the ball joint seat 1. Here, small material parts (chips) are removed from the surface of the inner side 9a. Chip removal can, by way of comparison, be conceived as a form of planing.
Severing of the material of the control arm or transverse link 22 or ball joint seat 1 is preferably performed by way of a cylindrical device, in particular a punch. Here, it is advantageous if a chip-removing region of the cylindrical device is of circular cylindrical form. The circular cylindrical form makes it possible for material to be removed from the inner side 9a of the wall 9 uniformly from all sides.
The diameter of the cylindrical device, in particular of the chip-removing region, is greater than the inner diameter of the opening or hole 2. The size difference is slight, such that the cylindrical device can still slide in the opening 2, wherein said cylindrical device removes correspondingly small amounts of material from the inner side 9a of the wall 9. Cylindrical devices with different, progressively larger diameters may be used in accordance with the increasing inner diameter of the opening 2.
The method may include an additional step of backward-upsetting the transition region of the press-fit ball joint seat 1 from the horizontal plane 8 of the surface of the control arm or transverse link 22 to the inner side 9a arranged perpendicular thereto of the wall 9 of the flange 3 of the ball joint seat 1. As illustrated, the rounded transition region 10a is bent backward by action of a force counter to the direction of the opening 2. In this way, the radius of the rounded transition region 10a of the ball joint seat is reduced. The smaller bend radius 10b increases the overall height of the area for the press-fit connection, that is to say the proximity to the opening 2 of the ball joint seat to the plane of the surface 8 of the control arm or transverse link 22, is displaced. In this way, the ball joint 4 is closer to the end of the control arm or transverse link 22 and the steering offset of the motor vehicle wheel connected to thereto is positively influenced. The upsetting of the material is also advantageous because material compaction of the press-fit seat is also effected in this way.
Further, material in those regions of the ball joint seat situated to the outside of the opening 2 in a radial direction is removed, see material 11 extending past dotted line 30. Specifically the furthest extending portion of the ball joint section 2. By removing material not required, the outer diameter of the ball joint seat, and thus the space requirement thereof, is advantageously reduced.
The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10214222575.2 | Nov 2014 | DE | national |
102014222576.0 | Nov 2014 | DE | national |