SUSTAINABLE BARRIERS

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to sustainable barriers.

BACKGROUND OF CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE DISCLOSURE

Traffic barriers or crash barriers keep vehicles within a roadway and prevent vehicles from colliding with dangerous obstacles such as boulders, buildings, walls and storm drains. Traffic barriers may also be installed within medians of divided highways to prevent vehicles from entering the opposing lane of traffic and help to reduce head-on collisions. Some of these barriers, designed to be struck from either side, are called median barriers. Other traffic barriers may be installed along the side of a road to prevent errant vehicles from leaving the road and travelling down an embankment such as a hillside or to prevent vehicles from entering a river or lake.

Crash or median barriers can also be used to protect vulnerable areas like school yards, pedestrian zones or fuel tanks from being penetrated by vehicles. An early concrete median barrier design was developed by the New Jersey State Highway Department. This led to the term Jersey barrier being used as a generic term for barriers. However, Jersey Barrier refers to a specific shape of concrete barrier—one which has a wide base with an angled surface and a narrower upper portion. Other types of barriers include constant slope barriers, concrete step barriers, and F-shape barriers.

Barriers are typically made of a non-sustainable material such as concrete, plastic, and/or a non-sustainable material filled with water. For example, the typical Jersey style barrier is typically made of concrete and may be reinforced with rebar or some other material. At least some jurisdictions require that contractors for large project consider using sustainable materials in the project and some jurisdictions require that contractors actually use sustainable materials in the project if sustainable materials are available. To date, no sustainable traffic barrier is commercially available that has been certified for use by the United States Department of Transportation.

Additionally, the materials typically used to manufacture existing barriers are monolithic or uniform in density throughout the barrier. Specifically, Jersey Barriers are typically made of concrete and material cannot be changed. As such, the material of typical barriers cannot be tailored specific uses. For example, a contractor cannot order a barrier that has a dense core with a less dense skin such that the barrier gives more on impact but is still structurally able to withstand an impact. Additionally, concrete is a somewhat brittle material that may break if dropped. For example, Jersey barriers are typically moved around at construction sites. If a Jersey Barrier is dropped during a move, it may break or chip easily.

Finally, the shape of typical barriers is predetermined and cannot be changed or customized to suit different situations. For example, companies that manufacture Jersey Barriers only manufacture one shape of barrier. The companies typically do not enable a contractor to tailor the shape of the barrier to a specific use.

Accordingly, there is a need for a barrier that is formed of sustainable materials where the materials can be tailored to specific uses and the shape of the barrier can also be tailored to specific uses.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF SOME ASPECTS OF THE DISCLOSURE

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a sustainable barrier including a waste material and a binder. The binder is mixed with the waste material and configured to bind the waste material into the sustainable barrier. The binder includes a catalyst configured to enable the binder to bind the waste material into the sustainable barrier.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a sustainable barrier including a waste material, a binder, and a connection system. The binder is mixed with the waste material and configured to bind the waste material into the sustainable barrier. The binder includes a catalyst configured to enable the binder to bind the waste material into the sustainable barrier. The connection system is embedded in the sustainable barrier. The connection system including at least one loop. The at least one loop includes two ends extending in opposite directions within the sustainable barrier.

Yet another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a sustainable barrier including a waste material, a binder, and a connection system. The binder is mixed with the waste material and configured to bind the waste material into the sustainable barrier. The binder includes a catalyst configured to enable the binder to bind the waste material into the sustainable barrier. The connection system is embedded in the sustainable barrier. The connection system including at least one loop. The at least one loop includes a single piece of rebar extending between opposite sides of the sustainable barrier.

There are other novel aspects and features of this disclosure. They will become apparent as this specification proceeds. Accordingly, this brief summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. The summary and the background are not intended to identify key concepts or essential aspects of the disclosed subject matter, nor should they be used to constrict or limit the scope of the claims. For example, the scope of the claims should not be limited based on whether the recited subject matter includes any or all aspects noted in the summary and/or addresses any of the issues noted in the background.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the embodiments may be realized by reference to the following drawings. In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label.

FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an example sustainable barrier in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a front view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 1 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 1 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a top view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 1 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates a bottom view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 1 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a first cut-away side view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 1 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a second cut-away side view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 1 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of an example sustainable barrier including a connector system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates a front view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 8 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates a side view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 8 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 illustrates a top view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 8 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 illustrates a bottom view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 8 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 illustrates a partially transparent perspective view of an example sustainable barrier including a connector system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates a partially transparent front view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 13 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates a partially transparent side view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 13 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 illustrates a partially transparent top view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 13 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 illustrates a partially transparent bottom view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 13 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 illustrates a partially transparent perspective view of an example sustainable barrier including a connector system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 illustrates a partially transparent front view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 18 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 20 illustrates a partially transparent side view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 18 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 21 illustrates a partially transparent top view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 18 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 22 illustrates a partially transparent bottom view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 18 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 23 illustrates two perspective views of an example sustainable barrier including a connector system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 24 illustrates a front view, a side view, a top view, and a bottom view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 23 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 25 illustrates two perspective views of an example sustainable barrier including a connector system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 26 illustrates a front view, a side view, a top view, and a bottom view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 25 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 27 illustrates two perspective views of an example sustainable barrier including holes and troughs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 28 illustrates a front view, a side view, a top view, and a bottom view of the sustainable barrier illustrated in FIG. 27 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 29 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of an alternative sustainable barrier in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 30 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of an alternative sustainable barrier in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 31 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of an alternative sustainable barrier in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 32 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of an alternative sustainable barrier in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 33 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of an alternative sustainable barrier in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 34 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of an alternative sustainable barrier in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 35 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of an alternative sustainable barrier in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 36 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of an alternative sustainable barrier in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 37 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of an alternative sustainable barrier in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

While the embodiments described herein are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail herein. However, the exemplary embodiments described herein are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the instant disclosure covers all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The systems and methods disclosed herein relate to, among other things a sustainable barrier that may be used for a variety of purposes including use as a traffic barrier. The sustainable barriers described herein are formed of a waste material and a binder that binds the waste material into a specific shape for a specific use. Additionally, the waste material and the binder may be combined in different ratios with different compositions such that the material that forms the sustainable barrier may be tailored to specific uses. Moreover, the shape of the barriers may be tailored to a specific shape to suit a specific function. Accordingly, the sustainable barriers described herein are formed of a sustainable material with a tailored composition and shape to suit a specific function.

Specifically, in the illustrated embodiments, the waste material used to form the sustainable barriers described herein is used tires. In alternative embodiments, the waste material may be any material including, but not limited to, recycled plastics, recycled wood, and/or any other sustainable or recyclable material. The binder includes a polyurethane binder, an optional colorant, an optional catalyst, and a small amount of water. The used tires are ground to form a crumb rubber and the binder is formulated to bind the crumb rubber into a formed sustainable barrier. Specifically, the binder has been formulated to bind the crumb rubber into the sustainable barrier without using heat. More specifically, the catalyst within the binder quickly forms the sustainable barrier such that heat is not required.

The properties of the waste material and/or the processing conditions may be varied to tune or specify the final properties of the sustainable barrier. Specifically, a specific type of waste material may be selected to achieve a desired physical property within the sustainable barrier. For example, a denser waste material may be selected such that the sustainable barrier is denser and/or harder. The denser/harder sustainable barrier may be useful for specific uses or harsh environments. For example, the denser/harder sustainable barriers may be tailored such that the density is greater than the density of water and may be useful for flood control. Additionally, the denser/harder sustainable barriers may be useful for barriers in high traffic/high speed highways where collisions may cause damage to softer/less dense barriers.

Conversely, a less dense waste material may be selected such that the sustainable barrier is less dense and/or softer. The less dense/softer sustainable barrier may be useful for specific uses or specific environments. For example, the less dense/softer sustainable barriers may be useful for situations where a barrier is needed but the barrier needs to give to protect the object impacting the barrier. For example, barriers at bumper car facilities or go-cart racetracks need to stop the bumper car or go-cart without hurting the occupant or damaging the bumper car or go-cart. Certain waste materials are denser than others and may be suitable for specific situations. For example, tires suitable for large commercial vehicles (such as constructions vehicles and tractor trailers) are typically denser/harder than tires for residential vehicles and bicycles. The density of the sustainable barrier may be tuned by selecting the material the sustainable barrier is made from based on the materials density. Additionally, the density of the sustainable barrier may also be varied based on the compression pressure used to form the barrier. A higher compression pressure increases the density of the sustainable barrier and a lower compression pressure decreases the density of the sustainable barrier.

Furthermore, different mixtures of materials may form different parts of the same barrier with different densities to perform different functions. For example, a first uncured batter (combination of the waste material and the binder in an uncured slurry) may be poured into a mold to form a core of the barrier. The first uncured batter may be tailored to have a high density such that the core provides structural support for the barrier. A second uncured batter may be poured around the core to form a skin of the barrier. The second uncured batter may be tailored to have a lower density such that the skin gives upon impact with the barrier. As such, the densities of the sustainable materials use to form the barriers may be tailored to a specific use for the barrier.

The shape of the sustainable barriers may also be tailored to different uses. That is, the mold used to cure the batter may be configured to have different shapes such that the sustainable barriers are useful for other applications. For example, the sustainable barriers may have the traditional Jersey Barrier shape for use as a traffic divider. In other embodiments, the sustainable barriers may be blocks instead of the traditional Jersey style barrier. The blocks may be stackable on each other such that the sustainable barriers can be formed into a makeshift wall. In still other embodiments, the sustainable barriers may resemble the traditional Jersey Barrier but may have different angles to deflect vehicles in different directions upon impact. As such, the shape of the sustainable barriers may be tailored to different configurations depending on their use.

Furthermore, because the sustainable barriers are made from a waste material (in this case recycled tires), the sustainable barriers are substantially less brittle than traditional concrete barriers and are substantially less likely to break or chip when moved. As describe above, traditional concrete barriers often chip or even break when moved at a construction site. The barriers described herein do not break or chip like traditional concrete barriers. Specifically, the recycled tires used to form the sustainable barriers are flexible and, as such, the sustainable barriers typically bounce or temporarily deform when impacted or dropped. That is, the sustainable barriers described herein do not break or chip like traditional concrete barriers. Accordingly, the sustainable barriers described herein may be more robust than traditional concrete barriers.

Because the sustainable barriers are formed of less brittle, more flexible materials, the sustainable barriers may be stacked on top of each other several levels high for storage or for creating larger barrier structures. For example, the sustainable barriers may be sized and shaped such that the barriers are stacked several levels high on top of each other to form a makeshift wall. In contrast, the traditional Jersey Barriers cannot be stacked to form tall structures that are several levels high.

The sustainable barriers described herein may also include connectors that enable the sustainable barriers to be connected to each other. In some embodiments, the connectors include loops of rebar that extend out from a side of the sustainable barrier and are capable of interfacing with connectors of other sustainable barriers to form an extended barrier structure. The material of the connectors may also reinforce the structure of the barrier. For example, the rebar may extend into the body of the barrier such that the rebar also acts as a barrier if the sustainable barrier is struck by a vehicle. In some embodiments, the connectors may include shaped ends with corresponding shapes that interconnect with each other to interlock. In some embodiments, the connectors may include a shaped connector that interlocks with identical shaped ends of the sustainable barrier.

In some embodiments, the rebar of the connector extends from one side of the sustainable barrier to the other. More specifically, the connectors may include a rebar loop that extends from a connector on one side of the sustainable barrier to a connector on the other side of the sustainable barrier. As such, the rebar loop forms an extra structural component that strengthens the barrier.

In alternative embodiments, the rebar connectors may not extend throughout the sustainable barrier. Rather, the rebar connector only extends into the sustainable barrier a short distance. In this embodiment, the connector does not provide as much structural reinforcement as the rebar loop embodiment described above and may be designed to separate in the event of an impact. In this embodiment, the rebar connector may be sized and shaped to maintain the connector within the sustainable barrier. For example, the ends of the connector may be turned up or may be twisted to create a tortuous pull-out path in the event of an impact.

Accordingly, the embodiments of sustainable barriers described herein are formed of a sustainable material that may be tailored to a specific use. Specifically, the density of the material may be tailored such that the relative hardness of the material of portions of the sustainable barriers may be tailored for different uses. Furthermore, the shape of the sustainable barriers may also be tailored for different uses. As such, the sustainable barriers described herein may be tailored for different uses and are entirely sustainable.

FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an example sustainable barrier 100. FIG. 2 illustrates a front view of the sustainable barrier 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of the sustainable barrier 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 4 illustrates a top view of the sustainable barrier 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 illustrates a bottom view of the sustainable barrier 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 6 illustrates a first cut-away side view of the sustainable barrier 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 7 illustrates a second cut-away side view of the sustainable barrier 100 illustrated in FIG. 1.

As shown in FIGS. 1-7, the sustainable barrier 100 includes a top 102, two narrow sides 104, two broad sides 106, and a bottom 108. In the illustrated embodiment, the two narrow sides 104 have substantially the same shape such that the two narrow sides 104 are substantially the same. Similarly, the two broad sides 106 have substantially the same shape such that t two broad sides 106 are substantially the same. In alternative embodiments, the two narrow sides 104 and the two broad sides 106 may each have a unique shape such that each of the two narrow sides 104 and the two broad sides 106 are different from each other.

In the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier 100 has a wide base 110 and a narrow top 102. The two broad sides 106 are angled to shape both the wide base 110 and the narrow top 102. The narrow top 102 is substantially flat to facilitate stacking a plurality of sustainable barriers 100 on top of each other. The two narrow sides 104 are substantially flat to facilitate aligning a plurality of sustainable barriers 100 in a row to form a long, continuous barrier. For example, a plurality of sustainable barriers 100 may be arranged by aligning one of the narrow sides 104 of a first sustainable barrier 100 with one of the narrow sides 104 of a second sustainable barrier 100 and the other of the narrow sides 104 of the first sustainable barrier 100 with one of the narrow sides 104 of a third sustainable barrier 100 to form a row in the median of a road. This long, continuous barrier in the middle of the road reduces the risk of head on collisions and improves the overall safety of traveling on the road.

As shown in FIG. 3, the bottom 108 is substantially flat and defines a bottom width 112. The top 102 is also substantially flat and defines a top width 114. In the illustrated embodiment, the bottom width 112 is approximately 18 inches to approximately 24 inches wide and the top width 114 is approximately 7 inches to approximately 16 inches wide. In alternative embodiments, the bottom width 112 and the top width 114 may be any width that enables the sustainable barrier 100 to operate as described herein.

In the illustrated embodiment, the two broad sides 106 each include a vertical base 116 and an angled top 118. The vertical base 116 extends substantially vertically from the bottom 108 and the angle top 118 extends at an angle α relative to grade or a horizontal line 120 parallel to grade from the vertical base 116 to the top 102. The two broad sides 106 each define a sustainable barrier height 122, the two vertical bases 116 each define a vertical base height 124, and the two angle tops 118 each define an angled top height 126. In the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier height 122 is approximately 30 inches to approximately 42 inches high, the vertical base height 124 is approximately 0 inches to approximately 12 inches high, the angled top height 126 is approximately 0 inches to approximately 42 inches high, and the angle α is approximately 70° to approximately 90°. More specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier height 122 is 30, 32, 36, or 40 inches high, the vertical base height 124 is 8 inches high, the angled top height 126 is 24 inches high, and the angle α is 76°. In alternative embodiments, the sustainable barrier height 122, the vertical base height 124, the angled top height 126, and the angle α may be any height or angle that enables the sustainable barrier 100 to operate as described herein.

As shown in FIG. 2, the top 102 and the two broad sides 106 each define a sustainable barrier length 127. In the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier length 127 is approximately 48 inches to approximately 240 inches long. More specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier length 127 may be any 2-foot increment length between 4 feet and 20 feet. In alternative embodiments, the sustainable barrier length 127 may be any length that enables the sustainable barrier 100 to operate as described herein. Additionally, the wide base 110, the bottom 108, and the vertical bases 116 each define at least one drainage slot 128. In the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier 100 includes two drainage slots 128. In alternative embodiments, the sustainable barrier 100 may include any number of drainage slots 128 including, but not limited to, one, three, four, or more drainage slots 128.

The drainage slots 128 facilitate water drainage from one side of the sustainable barrier 100 to the other. In alternative embodiments the drainage slot 128 may extend along a length of the sustainable barrier rather than across the width of the sustainable barrier. Additionally, the drainage slots 128 may also be used to facilitate movement of the sustainable barrier 100. More specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the drainage slots 128 are positioned to enable a forklift (not shown) or some other equipment to pick up and move the sustainable barrier 100. More specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the drainage slots 128 each define a drainage slot bottom width 130, a drainage slot top width 132, a drainage slot height 134, and a drainage slot length 136. In the illustrated embodiment, the drainage slot length 136 is equal to the bottom width 112 such that the drainage slots 128 each extend through the wide base 110 of the sustainable barrier 100. Additionally, the drainage slot widths 130 and 132 and the drainage slot height 134 are each sized and shaped to enable water to drain from one side of the sustainable barrier 100 to the other and to enable the prongs of a forklift to be inserted into the drainage slots 128 for picking up the sustainable barrier 100. In the illustrated embodiment, the drainage slot bottom width 130 is approximately 12 inches to approximately 24 inches wide, the drainage slot top width 132 is approximately 12 inches to approximately 26 inches wide, the drainage slot height 134 is approximately 3 inches to approximately 6 inches high, and the drainage slot length 136 is approximately 18 inches to approximately 24 inches long. More specifically, for a sustainable barrier with a length 127 of approximately 6 feet, the drainage slot bottom width 130 is 11 inches wide, the drainage slot top width 132 is 10 inches wide, the drainage slot height 134 is 3.5 inches high, and the drainage slot length 136 is 24 inches long. Additionally, for a sustainable barrier with a length 127 of approximately 8 feet, the drainage slot bottom width 130 is 26 inches wide, the drainage slot top width 132 is 25 inches wide, the drainage slot height 134 is 3.5 inches high, and the drainage slot length 136 is 18 inches long. In alternative embodiments, the drainage slot bottom width 130, the drainage slot top width 132, the drainage slot height 134, and the drainage slot length 136 may be any length that enables the sustainable barrier 100 to operate as described herein.

As discussed above, the sustainable barriers 100 described herein are formed of a waste material and a binder that binds the waste material into a specific shape for a specific use. The waste material and the binder may be combined in different ratios with different compositions such that the material that forms the sustainable barrier 100 may have portions with different densities. Additionally, the shape of the sustainable barriers 100 may be tailored to a specific shape to suit a specific function. Accordingly, the sustainable barriers 100 described herein are formed of a sustainable material with a tailored composition and shape to suit a specific function.

Specifically, in the illustrated embodiments, the waste material used to form the sustainable barriers 100 described herein is used tires. In alternative embodiments, the waste material may be any material including, but not limited to, recycled plastics, recycled wood, and/or any other sustainable or recyclable material. The used tires are ground to form a crumb rubber and the binder is formulated to bind the crumb rubber into a formed sustainable barrier 100. In the illustrated embodiments, the waste material is approximately 90% to approximately 99% by weight of the sustainable barrier 100, approximately 91% to approximately 99% by weight of the sustainable barrier 100, approximately 92% to approximately 99% by weight of the sustainable barrier 100, approximately 93% to approximately 99% by weight of the sustainable barrier 100, approximately 94% to approximately 99% by weight of the sustainable barrier 100, approximately 95% to approximately 99% by weight of the sustainable barrier 100, or approximately 95% to approximately 98% by weight of the sustainable barrier 100. In alternative embodiments, the composition of the waste material in the sustainable barriers 100 described herein may be any amount that enables the sustainable barriers 100 to operate as described herein.

Conversely, a less dense waste material may be selected such that the sustainable barrier is less dense and/or softer. The less dense/softer sustainable barrier may be useful for specific uses or specific environments. For example, the less dense/softer sustainable barriers may be useful for situations where a barrier is needed but the barrier needs to give to protect the object impacting the barrier. For example, barriers at bumper car facilities or go-cart racetracks need to stop the bumper car or go-cart without hurting the occupant or damaging the bumper car or go-cart. Certain waste materials are denser than others and may be suitable for specific situations. For example, tires suitable for large commercial vehicles (such as constructions vehicles and tractor trailers) are typically denser/harder than tires for residential vehicles and bicycles. The density of the sustainable barrier may be tuned by selecting the material the sustainable barrier is made from based on the materials density. Additionally, the density of the sustainable barrier may also be varied based on the compression pressure used to from the barrier. A higher compression pressure increases the density of the sustainable barrier and a lower compression pressure decreases the density of the sustainable barrier.

The binder includes a polyurethane binder, an optional colorant, a catalyst, and a small amount of water. The binder has been formulated to bind the crumb rubber into the sustainable barriers 100 described herein without using heat. More specifically, the catalyst within the binder quickly forms the sustainable barriers 100 such that heat is not required to cure the sustainable barriers 100. In the illustrated embodiments, the binder is approximately 10% to approximately 1% by weight of the sustainable barrier 100, approximately 9% to approximately 1% by weight of the sustainable barrier 100, approximately 8% to approximately 1% by weight of the sustainable barrier 100, approximately 7% to approximately 1% by weight of the sustainable barrier 100, approximately 6% to approximately 1% by weight of the sustainable barrier 100, approximately 5% to approximately 1% by weight of the sustainable barrier 100, or approximately 5% to approximately 2% by weight of the sustainable barrier 100. In alternative embodiments, the composition of the binder in the sustainable barriers 100 described herein may be any amount that enables the sustainable barriers 100 to operate as described herein.

The polyurethane binder includes a polyurethane adhesive. In the illustrated embodiment, the polyurethane binder includes an aromatic polyurethane binder. More specifically, the polyurethane binder may include Stobicoll® R 1142, Stobicoll® R 359, Stobicoll® R 1129, Stobicoll® R 382, Stobicoll® R 401, Stobicoll® R 1160, Polyval® GN416, Polyval® GN418, and/or Poly Tree® Fusion. In the illustrated embodiments, the polyurethane binder is approximately 10% to approximately 1% by weight of the waste material, approximately 10% to approximately 1.5% by weight of the waste material, approximately 9% to approximately 1% by weight of the waste material, approximately 8% to approximately 1% by weight of the waste material, approximately 7% to approximately 1% by weight of the waste material, approximately 6% to approximately 1% by weight of the waste material, approximately 5% to approximately 1% by weight of the waste material, or approximately 2.5% to approximately 2% by weight of the waste material. In alternative embodiments, the composition of the polyurethane binder in the sustainable barriers 100 described herein may be any amount that enables the sustainable barriers 100 to operate as described herein.

The colorant includes any material configured to dye the waste material and the binder a color. In the illustrated embodiments, the colorant is approximately 10% to approximately 1% by weight of the waste material, approximately 10% to approximately 1.5% by weight of the waste material, approximately 9% to approximately 1% by weight of the waste material, approximately 8% to approximately 1% by weight of the waste material, approximately 7% to approximately 1% by weight of the waste material, approximately 6% to approximately 1% by weight of the waste material, approximately 5% to approximately 1% by weight of the waste material, or approximately 5% to approximately 2.5% by weight of the waste material. In alternative embodiments, the composition of the colorant in the sustainable barriers 100 described herein may be any amount that enables the sustainable barriers 100 to operate as described herein.

The catalyst or accelerant includes a polyether polyol-based catalyst configured increase polyurethane reactivity. In the illustrated embodiment, the catalyst or accelerant includes Stobiblend® Z 952.50, Stobiblend® Z 1959, and/or Polyval® 910624. In the illustrated embodiments, the catalyst is approximately 1% to approximately 0.001% by weight of the waste material, approximately 0.5% to approximately 0.001% by weight of the waste material, approximately 0.1% to approximately 0.001% by weight of the waste material, approximately 0.05% to approximately 0.001% by weight of the waste material, approximately 0.01% to approximately 0.001% by weight of the waste material, approximately 0.005% to approximately 0.001% by weight of the waste material, approximately 0.003% to approximately 0.001% by weight of the waste material, or approximately 0.002% by weight of the waste material. In alternative embodiments, the composition of the catalyst in the sustainable barriers 100 described herein may be any amount that enables the sustainable barriers 100 to operate as described herein. In some embodiments, the catalyst may not be included in the sustainable barrier 100. Rather, environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity levels will determine if catalyst is used, and how much catalyst is used.

In the illustrated embodiments, water is approximately 1% to approximately 0.01% by weight of the waste material, approximately 0.5% to approximately 0.01% by weight of the waste material, approximately 0.1% to approximately 0.01% by weight of the waste material, approximately 0.05% to approximately 0.01% by weight of the waste material, approximately 0.04% to approximately 0.01% by weight of the waste material, approximately 0.03% to approximately 0.01% by weight of the waste material, approximately 0.02% to approximately 0.01% by weight of the waste material, or approximately 0.02% by weight of the waste material. n alternative embodiments, the composition of water in the sustainable barriers 100 described herein may be any amount that enables the sustainable barriers 100 to operate as described herein. In some embodiments, water may not be included in the sustainable barrier 100. Rather, environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity levels will determine if water is used, and how much catalyst is used.

The waste material and the binder are combined into a batter. The batter is put into a mold and the mold cures the batter into the sustainable barriers 100 described herein at high pressure. The sustainable barrier 100 is then removed from the mold. In the illustrated embodiment, the catalyst enables the sustainable barrier 100 to be cured without the use of heat to cure the binder, substantially reducing costs and the complexity of the manufacturing process.

The sustainable barrier 100 may be cured from a single batter. However, in some embodiments, the sustainable barrier 100 may be formed of more than one batter. For example, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate cut-away side views of the sustainable barriers 100 described herein. Specifically, FIG. 6 illustrates a sustainable barrier 600 including a first layer 602 and a second layer 604. The first layer 602 forms an outer skin 606 of the sustainable barrier 600 and is formed from a batter that includes a relatively low dense waste material and/or was formed with a lower compression pressure. The second layer 604 forms a core 608 of the sustainable barrier 600 and is formed from a batter that includes a relatively high dense waste material and/or was formed with a higher compression pressure. As such, the first layer 602 has a lower density than the second layer 604 and has a lower hardness than the second layer 604. As such, the sustainable barrier 600 has a softer outer skin 606 that absorbs impacts and a harder core 608 that provides structural stability to the sustainable barrier 600.

FIG. 7 illustrates a sustainable barrier 700 including a first layer 702 and a second layer 704. The first layer 702 forms an outer skin 706 of the sustainable barrier 700 and is formed from a batter that includes a relatively high dense waste material and/or was formed with a higher compression pressure. The second layer 704 forms a core 708 of the sustainable barrier 700 and is formed from a batter that includes a relatively low dense waste material and/or was formed with a lower compression pressure. As such, the first layer 702 has a higher density than the second layer 704 and has a higher hardness than the second layer 704. As such, the sustainable barrier 700 has a harder outer skin 706 for increased durability and a softer core 708 that provides flexibility to the sustainable barrier 700.

As described above, the sustainable barriers 100, 600, and 700 may be designed for different uses. For example, a motorcycle racetrack may require a barrier with a softer outer skin and a harder core. Riders may crash into the barriers and the softer outer skin may improve the safety of the motorcycle racetrack. However, a racetrack for traditional vehicles may require a barrier with a harder outer skin and a softer core to improve the durability of the barriers while also allowing the barriers to be flexible and absorb impacts. As such, the composition of the waste material and the binder may be tuned to produce layers or entire barriers with different properties that have different uses.

FIGS. 8-12 illustrate a sustainable barrier 800 including a connector system 838. FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of the sustainable barrier 800 including a connector system. FIG. 9 illustrates a front view of the sustainable barrier 800 illustrated in FIG. 8. FIG. 10 illustrates a side view of the sustainable barrier 800 illustrated in FIG. 8. FIG. 11 illustrates a top view of the sustainable barrier 800 illustrated in FIG. 8. FIG. 12 illustrates a bottom view of the sustainable barrier 800 illustrated in FIG. 8. As shown in FIGS. 8-12, the sustainable barrier 800 is substantially similar to the sustainable barriers 100, 600, and 700 except that the two narrow sides 804 include a groove 840 and the connector system 838 extends from the groove 840. The connector system 838 includes at least one loop 842 extending from the groove 840. In the illustrated embodiment, the connector system 838 includes a plurality of loops 842 extending from the groove 840. Specifically, in the illustrated embodiments, the connector system 838 includes three loops 842 extending from the groove 840 on each of the two narrow sides 804. In alternative embodiments, the connector system 838 may include any number loops 842 extending from the groove 840 on each of the two narrow sides 804. In the illustrated embodiment, the loops 842 include rebar loops, solid steel loops, stainless steel loops, fiberglass loops, and/or composite loops. In alternative embodiments, the loops 842 may be formed of any material that enables the connector system 838 to operate as described herein.

The groove 840 defines a groove height 844, a groove depth 846, and a groove width 848. Additionally, the loops 842 each define a loop length 850. The groove depth 846 and the loop length 850 are configured to enable the loops 842 of a first barrier 800 to be inserted into the groove 840 of a second barrier 800 such that the narrow side 804 of the first barrier 800 is flush with the narrow side 804 of the second barrier 800 to form a longer, extend barrier. The loops 842 are each positioned at different heights such that each loop 842 cannot interfere with another loop 842 when the loops 842 are inserted into the grooves 840. Additionally, a connector (not shown) is inserted into the loops 842 of both the first barrier 800 and the second barrier 800 to hold the two barriers together. As such, the connector system 838 enables the sustainable barriers 800 to be connected to each other to strengthen the connected barriers.

In the illustrated embodiment, the groove height 844 is about 30 inches to about 42 inches, the groove depth 846 is about 1 inch to about 2 inches, the groove width 848 is about 3 inches to about 5 inches, and the loop length 850 is about 2 inches to about 4 inches. Specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the groove height 844 is about 30 inches, the groove depth 846 is about 1.375 inches, the groove width 848 is about 3.5 inches, and the loop length 850 is about 3.25 inches. In alternative embodiments, the groove height 844, the groove depth 846, the groove width 848, and the loop length 850 may be any length that enables the sustainable barriers 800 described herein to operate as described herein.

To strengthen the connections between the barriers 800, the loops 842 may be set into the batter before the batter is cured into the sustainable barriers 800. As such, the connections between the barriers 800 are strengthened because the sustainable barriers 800 are cured around the loops 842 and the binder adheres the loops 842 to the rest of the sustainable barriers 800. However, to further strengthen the connections between the barriers 800, shape of the loops 842 within the sustainable barriers 800 may be varied to improve the strength of the loops 842 and the bond between the loops 842 and the sustainable barriers 800.

For example, FIGS. 13-17 illustrate a sustainable barrier 1300 including the connector system 838 including loops 1342 with ends extending different directions within the sustainable barrier 1300. FIG. 13 illustrates a partially transparent perspective view of the sustainable barrier 1300 including a connector system. FIG. 14 illustrates a partially transparent front view of the sustainable barrier 1300 illustrated in FIG. 13. FIG. 15 illustrates a partially transparent side view of the sustainable barrier 1300 illustrated in FIG. 13. FIG. 16 illustrates a partially transparent top view of the sustainable barrier 1300 illustrated in FIG. 13. FIG. 17 illustrates a partially transparent bottom view of the sustainable barrier 1300 illustrated in FIG. 13. As shown in FIGS. 13-17, the loops 1342 each include two horizontal portions 1352 and two ends 1354 that are oriented in opposite directions. The connection of the loops 1342 to the sustainable barriers 1300 is strengthened because the two horizontal portions 1352 each extend a horizontal portion distance 1356 into the sustainable barrier 1300 and the two ends 1354 each extend substantially orthogonally from the two horizontal portions 1352 an end distance 1358 in opposite directions. As such, the loops 1342 are substantially more difficult to pull out of the sustainable barriers 1300 because the two horizontal portions 1352 and are shaped to resist a pulling force two ends 1354. In the illustrated embodiment, the horizontal portion distance 1356 is about 7 inches to about 10 inches and the end distance 1358 is about 4 inches to about 6 inches. In alternative embodiments, the horizontal portion distance 1356 and the end distance 1358 may be any length that enables the sustainable barriers 1300 described herein to operate as described herein.

FIGS. 18-22 illustrate a sustainable barrier 1800 including the connector system 838 including loops 1842 that extend through the sustainable barrier length 127 of the sustainable barrier 1800. FIG. 18 illustrates a partially transparent perspective view of the sustainable barrier 1800 including a connector system. FIG. 19 illustrates a partially transparent front view of the sustainable barrier 1800 illustrated in FIG. 18. FIG. 20 illustrates a partially transparent side view of the sustainable barrier 1800 illustrated in FIG. 18. FIG. 21 illustrates a partially transparent top view of the sustainable barrier 1800 illustrated in FIG. 18. FIG. 22 illustrates a partially transparent bottom view of the sustainable barrier 1800 illustrated in FIG. 18. As shown in FIGS. 18-22, the loops 1842 are formed of a single piece of rebar that extend through the sustainable barrier length 127 of the sustainable barrier 1800 and form another loop 1842 extending from the opposite groove 840 on the opposite narrow side 804 of the sustainable barrier 1800. As such, the loops 1842 on opposite sides of the sustainable barriers 1800 are connected by a single piece of rebar that strengthens the connection of the loops 1842 to the sustainable barriers 1800 and the connection between the sustainable barriers 1800.

FIGS. 23-24 illustrate a sustainable barrier 2300 including the connector system 838 including a tongue 2302 and a groove 2304. FIG. 23 illustrates two perspective views of the sustainable barrier 2300 including a connector system. FIG. 24 illustrates a front view, a side view, a top view, and a bottom view of the sustainable barrier 2300 illustrated in FIG. 23. As shown in FIGS. 23-24, the tongue 2302 is integrally formed with the sustainable barrier 2300 and extends from a first end of the sustainable barrier 2300. The groove 2304 is integrally formed into a second end of the sustainable barrier 2300. In the illustrated embodiment, the tongue 2302 and the groove 2304 each have complementary shapes. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the tongue 2302 has a trapezoidal shape and the groove 2304 has a correspond trapezoidal shape. In order to connect adjacent sustainable barriers 2300, one of the sustainable barriers 2300 is lifted above another sustainable barrier 2300 such that one of the tongue 2302 or the groove 2304 align with the one of the tongue 2302 or the groove 2304 of the other sustainable barrier 2300. The sustainable barrier 2300 is lowered such that the tongue 2302 of the sustainable barrier 2300 slides into the groove 2304 of the other sustainable barrier 2300. As such, the tongue 2302 and the groove 2304 on opposite sides of the sustainable barriers 2300 facilitate connecting sustainable barriers 2300.

FIGS. 25-26 illustrate a sustainable barrier 2500 including the connector system 838 including a connector 2502 and a groove 2504. The connector 2502 includes two tongues 2306. FIG. 25 illustrates two perspective views of the sustainable barrier 2500 including a connector system. FIG. 26 illustrates a front view, a side view, a top view, and a bottom view of the sustainable barrier 2500 illustrated in FIG. 25. As shown in FIGS. 25-26, the connector 2502 is formed separately from the sustainable barrier 2500 and the tongues 2506 are configured to slide into the grooves 2504. The grooves 2504 are integrally formed into both ends of the sustainable barrier 2500. In the illustrated embodiment, the tongues 2506 and the grooves 2504 each have complementary shapes. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the tongues 2506 has a trapezoidal shape and the grooves 2504 has a correspond trapezoidal shape. In order to connect adjacent sustainable barriers 2500, the connector 2502 is lifted above the sustainable barriers 2500 such that each of the tongues 2506 aligns with each of the grooves 2504. The connector 2502 is lowered such that the tongues 2506 slides into the grooves 2504 of the sustainable barriers 2500. As such, the connector 2502 facilitates connecting sustainable barriers 2500.

FIGS. 27-28 illustrate a sustainable barrier 2700 including lifting holes 2702, mounting holes 2704, a top trough 2706, and a bottom trough 2708. FIG. 27 illustrates two perspective views of the sustainable barrier 2700. FIG. 28 illustrates a front view, a side view, a top view, and a bottom view of the sustainable barrier 2700 illustrated in FIG. 28. In the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier 2700 includes two lifting holes 2702 and two mounting holes 2704. In alternative embodiments, the sustainable barrier 2700 may include any number of lifting holes 2702 and mounting holes 2704 that enable the sustainable barrier 2700 to operate as described herein. The lifting holes 2702 are oriented horizontally and facilitate lifting the sustainable barrier 2700. The mounting holes 2704 are oriented vertically and facilitate mounting additional equipment to the sustainable barrier 2700 and/or anchoring the sustainable barrier 2700 to the ground. The top trough 2706 and the bottom trough 2708 facilitate drainage, accessory mounting, and/or utility routing. The top trough 2706 and the bottom trough 2708 may extend along a length or a width of the sustainable barrier 2700.

In alternative embodiments, the sustainable barrier 100 may have a different shape than the shape illustrated in FIGS. 1-28. For example, the sustainable barrier 100 may have a traditional Jersey barrier shape, a constant slope barrier shape, a concrete step barrier shape, and/or a F-shape barrier shape. Moreover, the sustainable barrier 100 may have any shape that enables the sustainable barrier 100. For example, FIGS. 29-37 illustrate additional embodiments of the sustainable barrier 100 with different shapes.

FIG. 29 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of a sustainable barrier 2900. In the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier 2900 has a trapezoidal shape. FIG. 29 also illustrates a side view of a sustainable barrier 2902 and a side view of a sustainable barrier 2904. The sustainable barrier 2902 has a triangular shape and the sustainable barrier 2904 has a triangular shape with rounded vertices.

FIG. 30 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of a sustainable barrier 3000. In the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier 3000 has an hourglass or torus shape. FIG. 30 also illustrates a side view of a sustainable barrier 3002 and a side view of a sustainable barrier 3004. The sustainable barrier 3002 and the sustainable barrier 3004 each have an hourglass or torus shape with sides of different lengths.

FIG. 31 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of a sustainable barrier 3100. In the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier 3100 has a rhomboid shape. FIG. 31 also illustrates a side view of a sustainable barrier 3102 and a side view of a sustainable barrier 3104. The sustainable barrier 3102 and the sustainable barrier 3104 each have a rhomboid shape with vertices having different angles.

FIG. 32 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of a sustainable barrier 3200. In the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier 3200 has an hourglass or torus shape with curved sides. FIG. 32 also illustrates a side view of a sustainable barrier 3202 and a side view of a sustainable barrier 3204. The sustainable barrier 3202 and the sustainable barrier 3204 each have an hourglass or torus shape with curved sides having different radii.

FIG. 33 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of a sustainable barrier 3300. In the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier 3300 has a rectangular shape having a curved top. FIG. 33 also illustrates a side view of a sustainable barrier 3302 and a side view of a sustainable barrier 3304. The sustainable barrier 3302 and the sustainable barrier 3304 each have a rectangular shape having a curved top with sides having different angles.

FIG. 34 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of a sustainable barrier 3400. In the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier 3400 has an isosceles trapezoidal shape. FIG. 34 also illustrates a side view of a sustainable barrier 3402 and a side view of a sustainable barrier 3404. The sustainable barrier 3402 and the sustainable barrier 3404 each have an irregular hexagon shape.

FIG. 35 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of a sustainable barrier 3500. In the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier 3500 has a rectangular shape. FIG. 35 also illustrates a side view of a sustainable barrier 3502 and a side view of a sustainable barrier 3504. The sustainable barrier 3502 and the sustainable barrier 3504 each have a rectangular shape with chamfered or rounded corners.

FIG. 36 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of a sustainable barrier 3600. In the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier 3600 has a rectangular shape with a circular cut out at one corner. FIG. 36 also illustrates a side view of a sustainable barrier 3602 and a side view of a sustainable barrier 3604. The sustainable barrier 3602 and the sustainable barrier 3604 each have a rectangular shape with a circular cut out at one corner with sides of different angles.

FIG. 37 illustrates a perspective view, a side view, a top view, a front view, and a bottom view of a sustainable barrier 3700. In the illustrated embodiment, the sustainable barrier 3700 has a T-shape. FIG. 37 also illustrates a side view of a sustainable barrier 3702 and a side view of a sustainable barrier 3704. The sustainable barrier 3702 and the sustainable barrier 3704 each have a T-shape with sides of different angles.

Conversely, a less dense waste material may be selected such that the sustainable barrier is less dense and/or softer. The less dense/softer sustainable barrier may be useful for specific uses or specific environments. For example, the less dense/softer sustainable barriers may be useful for situations where a barrier is needed but the barrier needs to give to protect the object impacting the barrier. For example, barriers at bumper car facilities or go-cart racetracks need to stop the bumper car or go-cart without hurting the occupant or damaging the bumper car or go-cart. Certain waste materials are denser than others and may be suitable for specific situations. For example, tires suitable for large commercial vehicles (such as constructions vehicles and tractor trailers) are typically denser/harder than tires for residential vehicles and bicycles. The density of the sustainable barrier may be tuned by selecting the material the sustainable barrier is made from based on the materials density. Additionally, the density of the sustainable barrier may also be varied based on the compression pressure used to from the barrier. A higher compression pressure increases the density of the sustainable barrier and a lower compression pressure decreases the density of the sustainable barrier.

The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “exemplary” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration,” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples.” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label.

The description herein is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Terminology and Interpretative Conventions

Any methods described in the claims or specification should not be interpreted to require the steps to be performed in a specific order unless stated otherwise. Also, the methods should be interpreted to provide support to perform the recited steps in any order unless stated otherwise.

Spatial or directional terms, such as “left,” “right,” “front,” “back,” and the like, relate to the subject matter as it is shown in the drawings. However, it is to be understood that the described subject matter may assume various alternative orientations and, accordingly, such terms are not to be considered as limiting.

Articles such as “the,” “a,” and “an” can connote the singular or plural. Also, the word “or” when used without a preceding “either” (or other similar language indicating that “or” is unequivocally meant to be exclusive—e.g., only one of x or y, etc.) shall be interpreted to be inclusive (e.g., “x or y” means one or both x or y).

The term “and/or” shall also be interpreted to be inclusive (e.g., “x and/or y” means one or both x or y). In situations where “and/or” or “or” are used as a conjunction for a group of three or more items, the group should be interpreted to include one item alone, all the items together, or any combination or number of the items.

The terms have, having, include, and including should be interpreted to be synonymous with the terms comprise and comprising. The use of these terms should also be understood as disclosing and providing support for narrower alternative embodiments where these terms are replaced by “consisting” or “consisting essentially of.”

Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers or expressions, such as those expressing dimensions, physical characteristics, and the like, used in the specification (other than the claims) are understood to be modified in all instances by the term “approximately.” At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the claims, each numerical parameter recited in the specification or claims which is modified by the term “approximately” should be construed in light of the number of recited significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

All disclosed ranges are to be understood to encompass and provide support for claims that recite any and all subranges or any and all individual values subsumed by each range. For example, a stated range of 1 to 10 should be considered to include and provide support for claims that recite any and all subranges or individual values that are between and/or inclusive of the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10; that is, all subranges beginning with a minimum value of 1 or more and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less (e.g., 5.5 to 10, 2.34 to 3.56, and so forth) or any values from 1 to 10 (e.g., 3, 5.8, 9.9994, and so forth).

All disclosed numerical values are to be understood as being variable from 0-100% in either direction and thus provide support for claims that recite such values or any and all ranges or subranges that can be formed by such values. For example, a stated numerical value of 8 should be understood to vary from 0 to 16 (100% in either direction) and provide support for claims that recite the range itself (e.g., 0 to 16), any subrange within the range (e.g., 2 to 12.5) or any individual value within that range (e.g., 15.2).

The terms recited in the claims should be given their ordinary and customary meaning as determined by reference to relevant entries in widely used general dictionaries and/or relevant technical dictionaries, commonly understood meanings by those in the art, etc., with the understanding that the broadest meaning imparted by any one or combination of these sources should be given to the claim terms (e.g., two or more relevant dictionary entries should be combined to provide the broadest meaning of the combination of entries, etc.) subject only to the following exceptions: (a) if a term is used in a manner that is more expansive than its ordinary and customary meaning, the term should be given its ordinary and customary meaning plus the additional expansive meaning, or (b) if a term has been explicitly defined to have a different meaning by reciting the term followed by the phrase “as used in this document shall mean” or similar language (e.g., “this term means,” “this term is defined as,” “for the purposes of this disclosure this term shall mean,” etc.). References to specific examples, use of “i.e.,” use of the word “invention,” etc., are not meant to invoke exception (b) or otherwise restrict the scope of the recited claim terms. Other than situations where exception (b) applies, nothing contained in this document should be considered a disclaimer or disavowal of claim scope.

The subject matter recited in the claims is not coextensive with and should not be interpreted to be coextensive with any embodiment, feature, or combination of features described or illustrated in this document. This is true even if only a single embodiment of the feature or combination of features is illustrated and described in this document.

SUSTAINABLE BARRIERS

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