Patent Application
20230363613
The present invention relates generally to the field of cleaning articles. In particular, the present invention is a sustainable scouring pad.
Scouring pads are widely used to clean surfaces such as household surfaces, including those in the home as well as vehicular surfaces. The scouring pad is generally used with water and a soap or detergent, with a scouring surface of the scouring pad being used to clean a surface. Such surfaces include dishes, utensils, glasses, pots, pans, grills, walls, floors, countertops, and vehicular surfaces and windows.
Scouring materials are produced in many forms, including nonwoven webs (for example, the low density nonwoven abrasive webs described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,958,593). Following manufacture, a web of scouring material may be cut into individual pieces of a size suitable for hand use (for example, the individual rectangular pads described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,958,593) or it may be left to the end user to divide the web into pieces of a convenient size when required (as described, for example, in WO 00/006341 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,712,210). Examples of non-scratch scouring pads are sold under the trade name “Scotch-Brite™” by 3M Company of Saint Paul, Minnesota. A particular non-scratch scouring pad is the “Scotch-Brite™ Dobie Cleaning Pad” by 3M Company of Saint Paul, Minnesota, composed of polyurethane foam pad and enclosed in a netting or mesh.
Preferred nonwoven fibrous scouring materials are low density, open materials having a comparatively high void volume. Scouring materials of that type exhibit an effective cleaning action (because the voids retain material removed from a surface that is being cleaned) but are themselves easily cleaned simply by rinsing in water or some other cleansing liquid so that they can be re-used. Despite that, many scouring materials are intended for limited re-use only, following which they are discarded. From a hygiene standpoint, discarding such products before they become contaminated is to be recommended since they are frequently used for cleaning kitchen work surfaces as well as cooking and eating utensils. However, as consumers become increasingly concerned with environmental issues, they are increasingly reluctant to use disposable products unless they know that they can be recycled or will degrade quickly without producing harmful by-products.
Scouring pads manufactured of a synthetic polymer fiber can results in a waste polymer that must be properly disposed of. Due to the environmental concerns, scouring pads manufactured using an environment-friendly polymer are desirable. However, conventional scouring pads manufactured using an environment-friendly polymer generally either have lower detergency or do not foam well.
In one embodiment, the present invention is a cleaning article including a filler and a wrapping at least partially surrounding the filler. At least one of the filler and the wrapping are composed of a sustainable material.
The above summary of the present disclosure is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the present invention. The description that follows more particularly exemplifies illustrative embodiments. In several places throughout the application, guidance is provided through lists of examples, which examples can be used in various combinations. In each instance, the recited list serves only as a representative group and should not be interpreted as an exhaustive list
While the above-identified drawings and figures set forth embodiments of the invention, other embodiments are also contemplated, as noted in the discussion. In all cases, this disclosure presents the invention by way of representation and not limitation. It should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of this invention. The figures may not be drawn to scale.
The present invention is a cleaning article 10 including a non-bonded fibrous filler 12 surrounded by a wrapping 14. The cleaning article 10 is a scouring pad used for household cleaning applications, such as cleaning dishes as well as other surfaces such as countertops, walls, shower curtains, and automotive surfaces or for cosmetic cleaning applications. The construction of the cleaning article 10 provides various performance and environmental related advantages. For example, the cleaning article 10 has increased suds generation, requires less force to compress, greater water absorption, and overall weight reduction. The current invention also enables many opportunities for environmentally sustainable aspects, such as by using environmentally sustainable raw materials. For example, in one embodiment, the cleaning article 10 is at least partially biodegradable, bio-based recyclable, compostable, or made of recycled material. The cleaning articles of the present invention provide these benefits while maintaining sufficient scouring capabilities.
As used herein, a material is “degradable” when it is capable of degrading as a result of exposure to the environmental effects of sunlight, heat, water, oxygen, pollutants, microorganisms, insects and/or animals. Usually such materials are naturally occurring and are usually “biodegradable”. As used herein, “biodegradable” materials are those which are degraded by microorganisms or by enzymes and the like produced by such microorganisms. As used herein, “biodegradable” refers to materials or products that meet the requirements of ASTM D6400-12 (2012), which is the standard used to establish whether materials or products satisfy the requirements for labeling as “compostable in municipal and industrial composting facilities.”
As used herein, a material is “bio-based” when it contains at least 1% carbon-14, particularly at least 5% carbon-14, and more particularly at least 10% carbon-14.
As used herein, a material is “compostable” when it is capable of breaking down into natural elements in a compost environment. As used herein, “compostable” refers to materials that undergo degradation by biological processes during composting to yield carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, and biomass at a rate consistent with other compostable materials and leaves no visible, distinguishable or toxic residue. As used herein, “biodegradable” refers to materials or products that meet the requirements of ASTM D6400.
The fibrous filler 12 is a three dimensional web of entangled fibers 16 that are bonded to one another at their mutual contact points by a bicomponent fiber, conjugate fibers and/or low melting fiber acting as the binder component. One function of the non-bonded fibrous filler 12 is to absorb liquid. In one embodiment, the fibrous filler 12 has an absorption rate of at least about 10 times the dry weight of the fibrous filler 12, particularly about 15 times the dry weight of the fibrous filler 12, more particularly about 20 times the dry weight of the fibrous filler 12, and most particularly about 30 times the dry weight of the fibrous filler 12.
The fibrous filler 12 requires less material to absorb the same or more liquid than other materials currently on the market for absorbing liquid, such as foam. Because the fibrous filler 12 requires less material, the cleaning article 10 can be made at lower cost and is more sustainable than other current products in the market. In one embodiment, the fibrous filler 12 has a density of about 0.03 g/m3 or less, particularly about 0.025 g/m3 or less, and more particularly about 0.02 g/m3 or less.
The fibrous filler 12 also has a lower compression force than other materials used to absorb liquid currently in the market. Thus, the fibrous filler 12 requires less compression force to squeeze liquid out of the fibrous filler 12, resulting in easier rinsing and quicker drying time. In one embodiment, the fibrous filler 12 has a compression of about 9 Kgf or less, particularly about 4 Kgf or less, and more particularly about 2 Kgf or less.
The fibrous filler 12 is composed of entangled fibers. In one embodiment, the fiber deniers range between about 2 denier and about 1000 denier, particularly between about 2 denier and about 100 denier, and more particularly between about 3 denier and about 15 denier. In one embodiment, the staple fiber lengths are between about 30 mm and about 120 mm, particularly between about 40 mm and about 100 mm, and more particularly between about 50 mm and about 60 mm.
In one embodiment, the fibrous filler 12 is composed of a sustainable material. That is, the fibrous material may be biodegradable, bio-based recyclable, compostable, or made of recycled material. Examples of suitable, sustainable materials that the fibrous filler 12 can be composed of include, but are not limited to: natural fibers, naturally derived fibers, recycled synthetic fibers, or biodegradable synthetic fibers. Examples of naturally derived fibers, including naturally derived fibers from renewable resources, include, but are not limited to: rayon, rayon from bamboo, polylactide (PLA), and combinations thereof. Examples of recycled synthetic fibers include, but are not limited to, recycled PET, recycled nylon, combinations thereof, and can also include post-industrial and/or post-consumer material. Examples of biodegradable synthetic fibers include, but are not limited to: viscose and melt processable fibers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyglycolic acid, polyester amide, dimer acid polyamide, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), Poly hydroxy butyrate (PHB), a blend of PLA/PBS, a blend of PLA/Dimer acid polyamide, a blend of PBS/dimer acid polyamide, a blend of PHA/PHB, a blend of PHA/PLA, a blend of PHA/PBS, all the afore mentioned resins with a hydrophilic surfactant agent compounded into the polymer matrix, and combinations thereof. Examples of hydrophilic surfactants include, but are not limited to: polyoxyethylene coconut monoethanolamide, sodium salt of butanedioic acid, sulfo-, 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, and a blend of these surfactants in a ratio of about 50:50.
In one embodiment, the fibrous filler 12 is a non-woven filler. The non-woven filler can be made through an air-laid process, a vertical lapping process, a carding process, or a blown microfiber process. In the air-laid process, the non-woven filler is composed of fibers that are per-made, short-cut, and crimped. In one embodiment, the fibers have a length of between about 1 inch and about 3 inches and have about 5 to about crimps per inch. The fibers are provided in tightly packed “bale” and run through an opener. An example of a suitable opener is a Reiter Bale Opener (Bracker, France). The fibers are then individualized in fiber opening equipment. An example of a suitable fiber opening equipment is a Hergeth Hollingsworth carding machine (Aachen, Germany). The fibers are then conveyed to an air-laid machine. An example of a suitable air-laid machine is a Rando Webber (Macedon, NY). In one embodiment, the output from the air-laid machine can range in basis weight of from about 25 g/m2 to about 2500 g/m2 at thicknesses of up to about 3 inches.
In the vertical lapping process, very thick, low density webs with relatively good compression resistance can be produced. This is achieved by creating vertical “struts” by taking a very flat web and folding it into vertical pleats, as shown in the
Other materials can be added to the fibrous filler 12 for special purposes, including, but not limited to: grinding aids, lubricants, wetting agents, surfactants, pigments, dyes, colorants, fillers, fragrances, coupling agents, plasticizers, mild abrasives, cross-linkers, antistatic agents, antioxidants, antimicrobial agents, anti-fungal agents, particles, and suspending agents. The materials can be added for functional purposes or aesthetic purposes. For example, dyes, colorants, fragrances and particles can serve aesthetic purposes.
The wrapping 14 of the present invention is a porous material and is used primarily to clean or scour debris from a surface. The wrapping 14 surrounds the fibrous filler 12 and provides a flexible, abrasive surface useful for removing debris when contacted and rubbed against a surface while also being breathable. This allows for liquid to be absorbed and rinsed from the fibrous filler 12.
The wrapping 14 can include a plurality of filaments and a plurality of monofilaments overlapping each other. In one embodiment, the wrapping 14 can be a mesh-like material in which the monofilaments may overlap the filaments and form a twisted structure. The wrapping 14 includes a backbone structure and a network structure in the backbone structure. The backbone structure of the wrapping 14 formed by the plurality of filaments and the plurality of monofilaments, and the network structure of the wrapping is formed by the plurality of filaments. The plurality of filaments are disposed to be extended in different predetermined directions and cross with each other, and thereby form the lattice-like backbone structure. That is, the backbone structure may be formed in continuous polygonal shapes.
The wrapping 14 may be wrapped around and encompass the fibrous filler by any means known to those of skill in the art. For example, the wrapping 14 may be maintained to the non-bonded fibrous filler by using: adhesives, clamps, sealing, sewing, or welding. In one embodiment, the wrapping 14 is in the form of a sleeve of a netted material that is wrapped around the fibrous filler and sewn.
The wrapping 14 can be composed of any material known in the art that scours and is breathable. For example, the wrapping 14 may be composed of materials including but not limited to a netting, nonwoven, woven cloth, knit cloth, microfiber, perforated film, or a combination thereof. For example, a netting may be composed of materials including, but not limited to: metal wires, filaments, slit film filaments, latticed fabric of a fiber, or combinations thereof. The scouring ability may be a result of the material used or the form, shape and cut of the netting material. For example, the netting may include gaps, grooves, protrusions, or other texture. The gaps in the netting can be produced by any known method in the art, including, but not limited to, punching out or embossing In one embodiment, the netting allows the cleaning article to clean at least about 0.1 food soil panels in 5,550 cycles, particularly at least about 1 food soil panels in 5,550 cycles, and more particularly at least about 2.5 food soil panels in 5,550 cycles.
Although the wrapping 14 provides scouring capabilities to the cleaning article 10 of the present invention, in one embodiment, the cleaning article 10 of the present invention is non-scratching, meaning that it does not scratch the surface being cleaned. The wrapping 14 therefore is abrasive enough to sufficiently clean a surface while minimizing any scratching of the surface. In one embodiment, the cleaning article 10 has a Schiefer scratch rating of about 3.5 or less and particularly of about 2 or less.
In one embodiment, the wrapping 14 is composed of a sustainable material. That is, the wrapping 14 may be biodegradable, bio-based recyclable, compostable, or made of recycled material. In one embodiment, the wrapping can be made from recycled plastic such as post-consumer plastic bottles. Examples of suitable, sustainable materials that the wrapping 14 can be composed of include, but are not limited to: natural fibers, naturally derived fibers, recycled synthetic fibers, or biodegradable synthetic fibers. Examples of natural fibers include, but are not limited to: bamboo, sisal, flax, hemp, and combinations thereof. Examples of naturally derived fibers, including naturally derived fibers from renewable resources, include, but are not limited to: rayon, rayon from bamboo, polylactide (PLA), and combinations thereof. Examples of recycled synthetic fibers include, but are not limited to, recycled PET, recycled nylon, combinations thereof, and can also include post-industrial and/or post-consumer material. Examples of biodegradable synthetic fibers include, but are not limited to: viscose and melt processable fibers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyglycolic acid, polyester amide, dimer acid polyamide, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), Poly hydroxy butyrate (PHB), a blend of PLA/PBS, a blend of PLA/Dimer acid polyamide, a blend of PBS/dimer acid polyamide, a blend of PHA/PHB, a blend of PHA/PLA, a blend of PHA/PBS, all the afore mentioned resins with a hydrophilic surfactant agent compounded into the polymer matrix, and combinations thereof. Examples of hydrophilic surfactants include, but are not limited to: polyoxyethylene coconut monoethanolamide, sodium salt of butanedioic acid, sulfo-, 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, and a blend of these surfactants in a ratio of about 50:50.
The present invention is more particularly described in the following examples that are intended as illustrations only, since numerous modifications and variations within the scope of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise noted, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following examples are on a weight basis.
The fibrous filler of Example 1 was an extremely lofty nonwoven web manufactured through a vertically lapped nonwoven process. The staple fiber used was a recycled polyester (PET) fiber with a bicomponent fiber used as a binder component.
For the wrapping, a netted polypropylene mesh was removed from a SCOTCH-BRITE™ Dobie Scouring Pad via ripping one end seam. The vertically lapped nonwoven web was then cut using scissors to a length of 3.7 IN - 4.3 IN and a width of 2.5 IN - 3.0 IN and was inserted by hand into the polypropylene mesh and the end seam was resewn.
The fibrous filler of Examples 2 - 5 were an extremely lofty nonwoven web manufactured by using a conventional air-laying web forming machine (available from the Rando Machine Corporation, Macedon, New York, under the trade designation “RANDO-WEBBER”). If different staple fibers were used, the staple fibers were blended on a percent weight basis. The thickness of the nonwoven webs ranged from 15 - 30.0 mm and the area weight (basis weight) of the web ranged from 100 to 400 grams per square meter (gsm). The nonwoven web was then passed through a through-air oven having a temperature ranging from 100-250° C., yielding a prebonded, lofty nonwoven web.
For the wrapping, a netted polypropylene mesh was removed from SCOTCH-BRITE™ Dobie Scouring Pads via ripping one end seam. The nonwoven webs were then cut using scissors to a length of 3.7 IN - 4.3 IN and a width of 2.5 IN - 3.0 IN and were then inserted by hand into the polypropylene mesh and the end seam was resewn.
Table 1 lists the nonwoven materials used in Examples 1-5.
Table 2 lists the materials used in Comparative Examples A and B. Comparative Examples A and B are commercial products and do not include a fibrous filler material.
Schiefer scratch testing was performed to evaluate the relative abrasiveness of the fibrous filler material of Example 1 covered with polypropylene mesh from SCOTCH-BRITE™ Dobie Scouring Pads and the products of Comparative Examples A and B. The test was performed in a generally similar manner as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,626,512 (Palaikis et al). The fibrous filler materials were cut into a circular pad (8.25 cm in diameter). The test was conducted with the circular fibrous filler pads rotating at about 250 rpm for 5000 revolutions under a load of 2.25 kg with water applied to the surface of the circular acrylic work piece (10.16 cm in diameter) at a rate of 40-60 drops per minute. Results are given as a visual rating, or an average of a visual rating of three samples, from 1 to 5 of the scratch pattern remaining on the acrylic disk. Schiefer scratch visual ratings are provided in Table 3.
The results of the Schiefer Scratch test are provided in Table 4.
The article cleaning efficacy test was performed in a generally similar manner as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,626,512 (Palaikis et al). A 8.25 cm in diameter 18-gauge stainless steel panel was coated with a food soil mixture made up of 120 grams milk, 60 grams cheddar cheese, 120 grams hamburger, 120 grams tomato juice, 120 grams cherry juice, 20 grams flour, and 100 granulated sugar, and one egg. The coated panel was baked in an oven at 230° C. for 14 minutes with the final coated weight less than 0.5 gram.
Example 1 covered with polypropylene mesh from SCOTCH-BRITE™ Dobie Scouring Pads and Comparative Examples A and B were cut into a circular pad (8.25 cm in diameter). Using the same instrument as in the Schiefer scratch test, the test was conducted with the samples rotating at 250 rpm for 20 minutes under a load of 2.25 kg with water applied to the surface of the circular coated panel (10.16 cm in diameter) at a rate of 60-80 drops per minute. The samples were then run back and forth on the coated panel under an applied force of 2.25 kg until the coated panel was clean (no coated material visually remained on the panel). The number of cycles (with a rate of approximately 267 revolutions per minute) required to result in a clean panel was recorded. If 20 minutes were not reached, an additional food soil panel was then placed in the holder and continued until reaching 20 minutes. Results are given in the number of panels cleaned in 20 minutes. The results of the Schiefer Scratch test are provided in Table 5.
Example 1 covered with polypropylene mesh from SCOTCH-BRITE™ Dobie Scouring Pads and Comparative Examples A and B were rinsed clean. The samples were then fully submerged in a tray containing approximately 500 ml of a 4% aqueous dish soap solution. The samples were squeezed by hand less than 5 times until sudsing was visually seen. Visual ratings are provided in Table 6.
The results of the sudsing test are provided in Table 7 below.
The water absorption for Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples A and B were determined for the maximum amount of water they could. To test for water absorption, only the fibrous fillers of Examples 1 - 5 and the foam fillers of Comparative Examples A and B were tested. The samples were rinsed clean by running water through them and wringing them out until the samples stop sudsing. The samples were placed into 200° F. oven to dry and were dried until their weight did not change. The dry weight was recorded, “A”. The samples were then immersed in warm tap water, approximately 46° C., squeezed to remove entrapped air, and then were allowed to absorb water for approximately one minute. The samples were then removed and allowed to air drip for one minute to remove excess water. The initial weight of each sample was recorded as “A” and the wet weight after 20 seconds was recorded as “B”. The filler water absorption, “C” is defined as the total amount of water retained from its original dry weight and is calculated using the following formula:
The results of the Article Water Absorption Test for the fillers of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples A and B are provided in Table 8.
The length (1), width (w) and thickness (t) of the fibrous fillers of Examples 1 - 5 and the foam fillers of Comparative Examples A and B were measured material in millimeters using the digital caliper (500-196-30, Mitutoyo). The Volume (m3) of each sample was calculated by multiplying the length, width, and thickness of each sample and then recorded. The material dry weight (g) was measured using a digital balance (PM 400 from Mettler Toledo) recorded to the nearest 0.001 gram. The density of each of the samples was calculated using the following formula:
The results of the Material Density Test are provided below in Table 9.
Resistance to compression is defined as the force in Newton to compress an article to set point of 10 millimeters. A LF Plus Tensile Frame from Chatillon was used to perform the test. The dimensions of the top plate were 5.5 inches by 4 inches. A 5,000 N load cell was installed in the tensile tester. The rate of compression was set to 100 mm/min. The fibrous nonwoven fillers of Examples 1 - 5 and the foam fillers of Comparative Examples A and B were placed into the holder of tensile tester. The force in kilogram-force (kgf) required to compress the sample reported by tensile tester was recorded. The results of the Article Compression Test are provided in Table 10.
The fibers diameter of the filler material of Examples and Comparative Examples was measured with an optical microscope instrument (VHX Digital Microscope from Keyence). The samples were viewed under the microscope at 200x magnification and images were taken of them. The images were then used in conjunction with the scale bar to determine the diameter of the fiber in millimeters. The fiber dimensions are listed below in Table 11.
Although specific embodiments of this invention have been shown and described herein, it is understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the many possible specific arrangements that can be devised in application of the principles of the invention. Numerous and varied other arrangements can be devised in accordance with these principles by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the structures described in this application, but only by the structures described by the language of the claims and the equivalents of those structures.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2020/050661 | 1/28/2020 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62798014 | Jan 2019 | US |
