Claims
- 1. In a fastening system including a swage type fastener, for securing a plurality of workpieces together in a fastened joint, the fastening system comprising:
(a) a pin member having an elongated shank of a preselected diameter and adapted to be located in aligned openings in the workpieces and terminating at one end in an enlarged head and at its opposite end in a grooved portion comprising a plurality of circumferentially extending lock grooves and crests; (b) a tubular collar adapted to be swaged into the lock grooves whereby the workpieces are fastened together to define the fastened joint, the collar when swaged having collar grooves and shoulders interlocking the lock grooves and crests, the pin member and the collar being of different materials having shear strengths of different magnitudes with the ratio of such shear strengths of the pin member to the collar being such that crushing of the pin member in swage is substantially avoided; (c) the pin member having a lock groove and crest geometry that is optimized, the optimized lock groove and crest geometry adapted to receive swaged material from a plurality of collars of different materials for securing workpieces in a plurality of different applications having different load requirements, wherein the lock grooves are provided with the longest width required for collars of lower strength for one application or greater strength for a second application and the crests are provided with the longest width required for collars of greater strength for the second application whereby the fastening system will provide satisfactory clamp and tensile loads and resistance to failure in the plurality of applications when the lock grooves are filled with different collar materials; (d) the lock groove and crest geometry for the pin member is of a uniform construction that is used in the plurality of applications with one or more pin members of a common diameter; and (e) the width of the lock groove in the second application is not greater than ten percent of the width of the lock groove in the one application.
- 2. The fastening system of claim 1 wherein the applications for the pin members of a common diameter are shear, shear/tension, tension, shear composite, shear/tension composite or tension composite applications.
- 3. The fastening system of claim 1 wherein the collar of lower strength has a shear strength of about 64% of the shear strength of the collar of greater strength.
- 4. The fastening system of claim 1 wherein the collar of lower strength is made of an aluminum alloy, the one application is a shear application, the collar of higher strength is made of a titanium alloy and the second application is a tension application.
- 5. The fastening system of claim 1 wherein the collar is made of titanium alloys, aluminum alloys or steel alloys.
- 6. The fastening system of claim 1 wherein the lock grooves are overpacked in the range of 17% to 25%.
- 7. The fastening system of claim 1 wherein the workpieces are made of metal, composites or combinations thereof.
- 8. The fastening system of claim 1 wherein the applications are shear, shear/tension, shear composite or shear/tension composite applications and the collars of different materials used in such applications have about the same outside diameter and are adapted to be swaged into the lock grooves of the pin member with an installation tool having a swage anvil with a uniform swage cavity.
- 9. The fastening system of claim 1 wherein the fastening system is adapted to fasten workpieces that vary in thickness up to ⅛ of an inch.
- 10. In a fastening system including a swage type fastener, for securing a plurality of workpieces together in a fastened joint, the fastening system comprising:
(a) a pin member having an elongated shank of a preselected diameter and adapted to be located in aligned openings in the workpieces and terminating at one end in an enlarged head and at its opposite end in a grooved portion comprising a plurality of circumferentially extending lock grooves and crests; (b) a tubular collar adapted to be swaged into the lock grooves whereby the workpieces are fastened together to define the fastened joint, the collar when swaged having collar grooves and shoulders interlocking the lock grooves and crests, the pin member and the collar being of different materials having shear strengths of different magnitudes with the ratio of such shear strengths of the pin member to the collar being such that crushing of the pin member in swage is substantially avoided; (c) the pin member having a lock groove and crest geometry that is optimized, the optimized lock groove and crest geometry adapted to receive swaged material from a plurality of collars of different materials for securing workpieces in a plurality of different applications having different load requirements, wherein the lock grooves are provided with the longest width required for collars of lower strength for one application or greater strength for a second application and the crests are provided with the longest width required for collars of greater strength for the second application whereby the fastening system will provide satisfactory clamp and tensile loads and resistance to failure in three or more applications when the lock grooves are filled with different collar materials; and (d) the lock groove and crest geometry for the pin member is of a uniform construction that is used in the plurality of applications with one or more pin members of a common diameter.
- 11. The fastening system of claim 10 wherein the applications for the pin members of a common diameter are shear, shear/tension, tension, shear composite, shear/tension composite or tension composite applications.
- 12. The fastening system of claim 10 wherein the collar of lower strength has a shear strength of about 64% of the shear strength of the collar of greater strength.
- 13. The fastening system of claim 10 wherein the collar of lower strength is made of an aluminum alloy, the one application is a shear application, the collar of higher strength is made of a titanium alloy and the second application is a tension application.
- 14. The fastening system of claim 10 wherein the collar is made of titanium alloys, aluminum alloys or steel alloys.
- 15. The fastening system of claim 10 wherein the lock grooves are overpacked in the range of 17% to 25%.
- 16. The fastening system of claim 10 wherein the workpieces are made of metal, composites or combinations thereof.
- 17. The fastening system of claim 10 wherein the applications are shear, shear/tension, shear composite or shear/tension composite applications and the collars of different materials used in such applications have about the same outside diameter and are adapted to be swaged into the lock grooves of the pin member with an installation tool having a swage anvil with a uniform swage cavity.
- 18. The fastening system of claim 10 wherein the fastening system is adapted to fasten workpieces that vary in thickness up to ⅛ of an inch.
- 19. The fastening system of claim 10 wherein the width of the lock groove in the second application is not greater than ten percent of the width of the lock groove in the one application.
- 20. In a fastening system including a swage type fastener, for securing a plurality of workpieces together in a fastened joint, the fastening system comprising:
(a) a pin member having an elongated shank of a preselected diameter and adapted to be located in aligned openings in the workpieces and terminating at one end in an enlarged head and at its opposite end in a grooved portion comprising a plurality of circumferentially extending lock grooves and crests; (b) a tubular collar adapted to be swaged into the lock grooves whereby the workpieces are fastened together to define the fastened joint, the collar when swaged having collar grooves and shoulders interlocking the lock grooves and crests, the pin member and the collar being of different materials having shear strengths of different magnitudes with the ratio of such shear strengths of the pin member to the collar being such that crushing of the pin member in swage is substantially avoided; (c) the pin member having a lock groove and crest geometry that is optimized, the optimized lock groove and crest geometry adapted to receive swaged material from a plurality of collars of different materials for securing workpieces in a plurality of different applications having different load requirements, wherein the lock grooves are provided with the longest width required for collars of lower strength for one application and the crests are provided with the longest width required for collars of greater strength for a second application whereby the fastening system will provide satisfactory clamp and tensile loads and resistance to failure in the plurality of applications when the lock grooves are filled with different collar materials; and (d) the lock groove and crest geometry for the pin member is of a uniform construction that is used in the plurality of applications with one or more pin members of a common diameter.
- 21. The fastening system of claim 20 wherein the applications for the pin members of a common diameter are shear, shear/tension, tension, shear composite, shear/tension composite or tension composite applications.
- 22. The fastening system of claim 20 wherein the collar of lower strength has a shear strength of about 64% of the shear strength of the collar of greater strength.
- 23. The fastening system of claim 20 wherein the collar of lower strength is made of an aluminum alloy, the one application is a shear application, the collar of higher strength is made of a titanium alloy and the second application is a tension application.
- 24. The fastening system of claim 20 wherein the collar is made of titanium alloys, aluminum alloys or steel alloys.
- 25. The fastening system of claim 20 wherein the lock grooves are overpacked in the range of 17% to 25%.
- 26. The fastening system of claim 20 wherein the workpieces are made of metal, composites or combinations thereof.
- 27. The fastening system of claim 20 wherein the applications are shear, shear/tension, shear composite or shear/tension composite applications and the collars of different materials used in such applications have about the same outside diameter and are adapted to be swaged into the lock grooves of the pin member with an installation tool having a swage anvil with a uniform swage cavity.
- 28. The fastening system of claim 20 wherein the fastening system is adapted to fasten workpieces that vary in thickness up to ⅛ of an inch.
- 29. A method of designing a swage type fastener to be used in a fastening system, the method comprising:
(a) obtaining the clamp and tensile load requirements for a plurality of different applications; (b) providing a pin member having a preselected pin diameter with an elongated pin shank and an enlarged head; (c) providing the pin member with a grooved portion of a plurality of circumferentially extending lock grooves and crests of a common geometry; (d) providing a tubular collar and locating the collar on the pin shank surrounding the lock grooves and crests; (e) optimizing the common lock groove geometry by providing the lock grooves with the longest width required for collars of lower strength for one application or greater strength for a second application; (f) optimizing the crest geometry by providing the crests with the longest width required for collars of greater strength for the second application; (g) standardizing the optimized lock groove and crest geometry for the pin member for use in the plurality of applications with one or more pin members of a common diameter; and (h) providing the width of the lock groove in the second application with a length not greater than ten percent of the width of the lock groove in the one application.
- 30. The fastening system of claim 29 wherein the applications for the pin members of a common diameter are shear, shear/tension, tension, shear composite, shear/tension composite or tension composite applications.
- 31. The fastening system of claim 29 wherein the collar of lower strength has a shear strength of about 64% of the shear strength of the collar of greater strength.
- 32. The fastening system of claim 29 wherein the collar of lower strength is made of an aluminum alloy, the one application is a shear application, the collar of higher strength is made of a titanium alloy and the second application is a tension application.
- 33. The fastening system of claim 29 wherein the collar is made of titanium alloys, aluminum alloys or steel alloys.
- 34. The fastening system of claim 29 wherein the lock grooves are overpacked in the range of 17% to 25%.
- 35. The fastening system of claim 29 wherein the workpieces are made of metal, composites or combinations thereof.
- 36. The fastening system of claim 29 wherein the applications are shear, shear/tension, shear composite or shear/tension composite applications and the collars of different materials used in such applications have about the same outside diameter and are adapted to be swaged into the lock grooves of the pin member with an installation tool having a swage anvil with a uniform swage cavity.
- 37. The fastening system of claim 29 wherein the fastening system is adapted to fasten workpieces that vary in thickness up to ⅛ of an inch.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Ser. No. 10/117,741, filed Apr. 5, 2002.
Continuation in Parts (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
10117741 |
Apr 2002 |
US |
Child |
10186940 |
Jun 2002 |
US |