Swaged tube fitting collar and die

Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 6412160
  • Patent Number
    6,412,160
  • Date Filed
    Friday, September 22, 2000
    24 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, July 2, 2002
    22 years ago
Abstract
An assembly for retaining a work piece and fitting together for placement in a swage machine. The assembly includes a die and a collar to keep the work piece from moving during the swaging process. The collar includes two clamping sections that are connected together, such as by a hinge. The collar is placed about the work piece and then clamped in place by a retaining bolt at the opposing end of the clamping sections. The die includes a recess for holding the collar and a recess for the tube. The assembly includes an anti-rotation feature to minimize rotation of the collar within the recess. One example of an anti-rotation feature is the formation of the recess and the collar in corresponding hexagonal shapes. The die may also include a recess for retaining a fitting to be swaged to the work piece. The die and collar assembly eliminates the need for nylon inserts and eliminates work piece rotation and axial movement during the automated swaging process.
Description




BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION




This invention relates generally to swage machines and more particularly to collars and dies used to retain tubes in such machines during the swaging process.




Swaging involves the tapering of a rod or tube, such as by forging, hammering, or squeezing. It may also involve the joining together of two components by similar manipulation. For example, a fitting, just as a coupling, may be joined to the exterior of a tube by any of the operations of forging, hammering or squeezing. In general, the fitting is placed on the outside of the rod or tube and then swaged into place, preferably substantially where located. Swaging is a common practice for applying fittings to tubes. A plurality of tubes may be joined together by way of their fitting connections that have been swaged to either or both ends of the tubes.




Although swaging may be performed manually, swage machines are used to automate and facilitate the process of swaging a fitting to a tube. A wide array of swaging machines is available. Most include means for retaining one or more dies. A die retains the fitting and tube in place during the swaging process. With the fitting and tube in place in the die, pressure is applied to the exterior of the fitting where it is in contact with the exterior of the tube. This is achieved either by rotating the piece, tube, rod, or the like, to be worked or by rotating swaging devices about the piece that remains in a fixed position. The pressure applied to a tube work piece may alternatively be made from the interior of the tube by way of an expander. This is referred to as internal roller swaging.




In most instances, the fitting is larger than the tube. Given the proximity of the two within a die or set of dies, it is necessary to include means to capture the tube within the die to keep it fixed in place during the swaging process. Such means is a tight-fit annular insert that is placed around the tube and resides in a recess in the die. The insert is generally made of a non-metallic material, such as nylon. The nylon insert wedges the tube in place within the die. For internal roller swaging, a set of opposing die halves is used to position the fitting and tube. Each half includes a half-annular nylon insert. The tube and fitting are placed in one of the halves and then clamped in place when the second die half is mated to the first.




It has been determined that the nylon insert is inadequate to retain the tube in place during the swaging process. Specifically, because the insert is made of a viscoelastic material, it often fails to provide adequate clamping force during the rigorous swaging process. As a result, the tube rotates and/or moves axially during the process. In addition, the amount of clamping force associated with the die set is dependent on individual die tolerances and die wear when using the nylon inserts. It is therefore often necessary for an operator to hold the tube in place to prevent rotation and axial movement. This limits the efficiency of the automated swaging process, minmizes the operator's ability to perform other tasks, and increases the yield of defective parts. Therefore, what is needed is a die and die-to-tube interface arrangement that retain the tube and fitting in place with certainty during swaging.




SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION




The above-mentioned need is met by the present invention, which provides a die and collar assembly for retaining a tube and its fitting in place in a swage machine. The assembly includes a collar releasably placeable on the work piece and a die insertable into the swage machine. The die includes a work piece slot and a collar recess in a die face of the die. The collar recess is configured to retain the collar that in turn is coupled about the work piece. The collar includes a first clamping section and a second clamping section that are connected together during the swaging process. For curved work pieces, the collar includes in one of its faces a chamfered section to accommodate the curved portion of the work piece. The collar recess and the collar may be of hexagonal shape. When a fitting is to be swaged to the work piece, a fitting recess is formed in the die face. In addition, a dummy fitting may be used to fix the position of the collar on the work piece before swaging a final fitting.




The present invention and its advantages over the prior art will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and the appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings.











DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS




The subject matter that is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding part of the specification. The invention, however, may be best understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures in which:





FIG. 1

is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the die and collar assembly of the present invention, showing one of a mirror-image pair of dies and a tube with fitting and collar thereon.





FIG. 2

is a top view of the die section of

FIG. 1

with the tube, fitting and collar in place.





FIG. 3

is a perspective view of the collar of the first embodiment of the present invention shown partially open.





FIG. 4

is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the die and collar assembly of the present invention, showing one of a mirror-image pair of dies and a tube with fitting and collar thereon.





FIG. 5

is a top view of the die section of

FIG. 4

with the tube, fitting and collar in place.





FIG. 6

is a perspective view of the collar of the second embodiment of the present invention shown partially open and with chamfer to accept short-straight-length tube for swaging.











DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION




Referring to the drawings wherein identical reference numerals denote the same elements,

FIGS. 1 and 2

illustrate a first die-and-collar assembly


10


that may be used in a swaging machine to swage a work piece, such as tube


12


, and a fitting


14


. The assembly


10


includes a die


16


and a collar


18


that in combination retain the tube


12


and fitting


14


in place during swaging. The die includes a fitting recess


20


, a collar recess


22


, and a tube slot


24


in a die retaining face


26


.




The fitting recess


20


and the tube slot


24


may be sized to accommodate the particular dimensions of the fitting


14


and the tube


12


. The collar


18


is formed in a configuration that minimizes the opportunity for it to spin within the collar recess


22


when the swaging operation occurs. Although many rotation-prevention configurations are possible, one approach is to form the collar recess


22


in a hex in shape. For that shape, the collar


18


could also be hex shape, as shown in

FIGS. 1 and 3

. Of course, other types of “anti-rotation” features may form part of the collar


18


and/or the recess


22


. One example may be the introduction of a set screw.




With continuing reference to

FIGS. 1-3

, the collar recess


22


has dimensions exceeding the outer dimensions of the collar


18


. There may be a slight gap between the sidewalls of the collar recess


22


and the collar


18


when the collar is in place in the collar recess


22


. The slight gap permits easy insertion and removal of the collar


18


when applied to the tube


12


as shown in FIG.


1


. However, that gap is not to be so large as to permit significant fore and aft movement of the collar


18


in the die


16


.




The die


16


and the collar


18


may be formed of any material suitable for swaging work pieces. The die


16


and collar


18


may both be made of a similar material, such as steel. Either or both components may alternatively be fabricated of other suitable materials including, but not limited to, Aluminum, stainless steel, Titanium, or Nickel alloys. The collar


18


shown in

FIG. 3

includes a first clamping section


28


and a second clamping section


30


. The first clamping section


28


and the second clamping section


30


are connected together by a hinge


32


. The second clamping section


30


includes in a collar face a collar clasp or collar retainer such as a capture bolt


34


. The capture bolt


34


includes a bolt body


36


and a bolt head


38


. The bolt body


36


is designed to fit within a collar slot


40


of the first clamping section


28


. The collar slot


40


includes retaining prongs


42


against which the bolt head


38


resides when a work piece is disposed between sections


28


and


30


. The bolt head


38


may be slotted or have similar tightening means such that when tightened onto the prongs


42


, the work piece remains fixed in place. The hinge


32


provides an easy means for keeping sections


28


and


30


together while making insertion and removal of the work piece simple. The collar may alternatively be formed of two separate sections not hingedly connected together. Instead, the two separate sections may be coupled together by alternative collar attachment means, such as a set of threaded bolts and corresponding nuts, among other common attachment options.




The die-and-collar assembly


10


of

FIGS. 1-3

enables secure placement of a work piece, such as tube


12


, into a swaging machine. It eliminates the problems associated with use of the nylon insertion. In particular, it prevents work piece rotation and fore and aft movement of the work piece. It eliminates the need to have an operator manually hold the work piece in place during the swaging operation. In addition, a “dummy” fitting may be employed prior to insertion of the work piece in the die


16


. The dummy fitting, essentially a fitting of the type to be swaged, may be placed in the appropriate position on the tube


12


. The collar


18


may then be fixed in place on the tube


12


. This procedure may be completed prior to initiating the swaging process. The fitting to be swaged and the tube


12


with the collar


18


fixed in place are then inserted into the appropriate recesses in the die face


26


. The swage machine may then be operated and with the collar


18


in the appropriate position, accurate setback of the fitting


14


on the tube


12


is assured. Sensitivity of the process to roller wear and die tolerance variations is also eliminated.




The assembly


10


of

FIGS. 1-3

is suitable for retaining a work piece such as tube


12


that has a “long” straight length. However, it may not be suitable for work pieces having “short” straight lengths in relation to the location of the fitting to be swaged.

FIGS. 4-6

illustrate a second embodiment of the present invention suitable for work pieces of short straight length. A second die-and-collar assembly


50


may be used in a swaging machine to swage a short piece, such as curved tube


52


, and a fitting


14


. The assembly


50


includes a die


54


and a collar


56


that in combination retain the tube


52


and fitting


14


in place during swaging. The die includes a fitting recess


58


, a collar recess


60


, and a chamfered tube slot


62


and an optional expander port


64


in a die retaining face


66


.




The fitting recess


58


may be sized to accommodate the particular dimensions of the fitting


14


. The chamfered tube slot


62


allows for the insertion of tubes having very short straight sections into the die


54


without impact on the curved portion of the tube


52


that is not held in the die


54


. The die


54


may also include port


64


to permit insertion of an expander


68


if the tube


52


is to be expanded in the region where the fitting


14


is to be located.




The collar


56


is formed in a configuration that minimizes the opportunity for it to spin within the collar recess


60


when the swaging operation occurs. Although many rotation-prevention configurations are possible, one approach is to form the collar recess


60


in a hex shape. For that shape, the collar


56


could also be hex shape, as shown in

FIGS. 4 and 6

. The collar recess


60


has dimensions exceeding the outer dimensions of the collar


56


. There may be a slight gap between the sidewalls of the collar recess


60


and the collar


56


when the collar is in place in the collar recess


60


. The slight gap permits easy insertion and removal of the collar


56


when applied to the tube


52


as shown in FIG.


4


. However, that gap is not to be so large as to permit significant fore and aft movement of the collar


56


in the die


54


.




The die


54


and the collar


56


may be formed of any material suitable for swaging work pieces. The die


54


and collar


56


may both be made of a similar material, such as steel. Either or both components may alternatively be fabricated of other suitable materials including, but not limited to, Aluminum, stainless steel, Titanium, or Nickel alloys. The collar


56


shown in

FIG. 6

includes a first clamping section


70


and a second clamping section


72


. The first clamping section


70


and the second clamping section


72


are connected together by a hinge


74


. The second clamping section


72


includes in a collar face a collar clasp or collar retainer such as a capture bolt


76


. The capture bolt


76


includes a bolt body


78


and a bolt head


80


. The bolt body


78


is designed to fit within a collar slot substantially the same as the arrangement and clamping mechanism of collar


18


of FIG.


3


. The hinge


74


provides an easy means for keeping sections


70


and


72


together while making insertion and removal of the work piece simple. In order to accommodate the curve of the tube


52


, the second clamping section


72


includes a chamfer or recess


82


in its vertical face closest to the curve.




The die-and-collar assembly


50


of

FIGS. 4-6

enables secure placement of a work piece having a short straight length, such as tube


52


, into a swaging machine. It eliminates the problems associated with use of the nylon insertion. In particular, it prevents rotation and fore and aft movement of the curved work piece. It eliminates the need to have an operator manually hold the work piece in place during the swaging operation, which may be particularly difficult for curved work pieces. As with assembly


10


, a “dummy” fitting may be employed prior to insertion of the work piece in the die


54


. The dummy fitting, essentially a fitting of the type to be swaged, may be placed in the appropriate position on the tube


52


. The collar


56


may then be fixed in place on the tube


52


. This procedure may be completed prior to initiating the swaging process. The fitting to be swaged and the tube


52


with the collar


56


fixed in place are then inserted into the appropriate recesses in the die face


66


. The swage machine may then be operated and with the collar


56


in the appropriate position, accurate setback of the fitting


14


on the tube


52


is assured. Sensitivity of the process to roller wear and die tolerance variations is also eliminated.




The foregoing has described an improved die-and-collar assembly. While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications thereto can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.



Claims
  • 1. A swage die and collar assembly for retaining a work piece in a swage machine, the assembly comprising:a collar releasably placeable on the work piece, said collar including a first clamping section and a second clamping section hingedly connected together; and a die insertable into the swage machine, said die including a work piece slot and a collar recess in a die face thereof, wherein said collar recess is configured to hold said collar therein.
  • 2. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said second clamping section includes a clamping bolt for releasably clamping said collar about the work piece, wherein said clamping bolt joins said first clamping section and said second clamping section.
  • 3. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the work piece is a curved work piece and said second clamping section of said collar includes a chamfered facing and said die includes a chamfered work piece port.
  • 4. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising an anti-rotation feature such that said collar does not rotate within said collar recess.
  • 5. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said die face further includes a fitting recess for retaining a fitting therein.
  • 6. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the work piece is a tube, said die face further including an expander port for receiving an expander therein.
  • 7. A method for swaging a work piece in a swage machine, the method comprising the steps of:applying a collar about the work piece at a selectable position, wherein said collar includes a first clamping section and a second clamping section hingedly connected together; tightening said collar about the work piece; inserting said collar and the work piece in a collar recess and a work piece slot, respectively, of a die; and inserting said die with said collar and the work piece into the swage machine.
  • 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising before the step of applying said collar about the work piece the step of placing a dummy fitting on the work piece in a selectable position and after applying and tightening said collar, removing said dummy fitting and applying to the work piece a fitting to be swaged to the work piece.
  • 9. The method of claim 7 further comprising the step of forming a fitting recess in said die face for receiving therein a fitting to be swaged to the work piece.
  • 10. The method of claim 7 wherein the work piece is a tube, further comprising the step of forming an expander port in said die face of said die.
  • 11. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of forming a chamfer in a face of said second clamping section.
  • 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of forming a chamfered tube port in said die face of said die.
  • 13. The method of claim 7 wherein said collar recess and said collar are of hexagonal shape.
  • 14. A die assembly for retaining a work piece in a swage machine, comprising:a die having first and second die halves, each of said die halves including a work piece slot and a collar recess for receiving a collar; a collar having first and second clamping sections and means for attaching said first and second sections around said work piece, wherein at least one of said collar and said collar recess include a feature to prevent relative rotation of said collar and said die when said collar is disposed in said collar recess.
  • 15. The die assembly of claim 14 wherein said collar recess and said collar are of hexagonal shape.
US Referenced Citations (21)
Number Name Date Kind
2381747 Howe Aug 1945 A
2972186 Howe Feb 1961 A
3019520 Woolley Feb 1962 A
3115797 Howe Dec 1963 A
3230754 Arbogast Jan 1966 A
3244441 Caudle Apr 1966 A
3252192 Smith May 1966 A
3503244 Joslin Mar 1970 A
3724053 Finkel et al. Apr 1973 A
3803897 Ridenour et al. Apr 1974 A
3838591 Ross Oct 1974 A
3848451 Allin Nov 1974 A
3956815 Capper et al. May 1976 A
3959998 Ross Jun 1976 A
4362042 Crow, Jr. Dec 1982 A
4418458 Hunter Dec 1983 A
5040396 Mikhail et al. Aug 1991 A
5056208 Stafford Oct 1991 A
5454152 Hosseinian Oct 1995 A
5776519 Flammer Jul 1998 A
6199254 Suresh Mar 2001 B1