Patent Grant
PP23761
This invention pertains to a new and distinct variety of sweetpotato.
Sweetpotatoes, unlike Irish potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), are not tuber propagated plants. A “tuber” is a short, thickened portion of an underground branch. Along a tuber “eyes” are found, each of which comprises a ridge bearing a scale-like leaf (analogous to a branch leaf) having minute meristematic buds in the axial of the leaf. By contrast, sweetpotato roots are developmentally and anatomically true roots, lacking meristematic buds, and are not derived from an underground branch. Sweetpotatoes do not form tubers.
Genus and Species Name
This new and distinct sweetpotato variety, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., demonstrates superior disease resistance to Fusarium wilt, soil rot, and Rhizopus soft rot and exhibits an orange flesh. It also demonstrates high yield characteristics in comparison to ‘Beauregard’.
Variety Denomination
This new and distinct sweetpotato variety is identified as ‘05-111’, and is characterized by an orange flesh, high yield, and consistent shape.
The file of this patent contains at least one photograph executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Patent and Trademark Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.
This new variety of sweetpotato, named ‘05-111’, was observed 90-110 days after planting. This new variety of sweetpotato, named ‘05-111’, resulted from an open pollinated cross performed in 1995 to the female parent ‘97A14’ (not patented). The male parent was unknown. Four patented male parents (‘L96-117’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 15,038 P2); ‘Bienville’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 15,380 P3); ‘Evangeline’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 19,710 P3); and ‘Murasaki-29’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 19,955 P2) were among the potential pollen sources in the crossing nursery. ‘05-111’ was developed to provide a variety with characteristics similar to ‘Beauregard’ (unpatented), but with improved yield and more consistent shape. ‘05-111’ was characterized by an orange flesh.
Plants of ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’ are difficult to distinguish. A red [5 R (red) P (purple) (4/6)] marking at the base of the leaf junction with the petiole is larger in comparison to a similar marking found on ‘Beauregard’ and extends for 1-2 cm from the junction in adaxial veins of mature leaves and was present throughout major adaxial veins in immature leaves. ‘Beauregard’ has no red hue to veins. Color terminology used herein is in accordance with the MUNSELL® Book of Color (Munsell Color, GretagMacbeth LLC, 617 Little Britain Road, New Windsor, N.Y. 12553-6148). The color descriptions and color illustrations are as nearly true as is reasonably possible. However, it is understood that both color and other phenotypic expressions described herein may vary from plant to plant with differences in growth, environment and cultural conditions, without any change in the genotype of the variety ‘05-111’.
‘05-111’ roots were stored during the winter at Chase, La. ‘05-111’ was planted the following spring, resulting in approximately 8-10 sprouts per root. Cuttings from the sprouts were transplanted successfully for asexual reproduction. Asexual propagation of the new cultivar by cuttings has shown that the unique features of this new sweetpotato were stable and that the plant reproduced true to type in successive generations of asexual propagation. Plants described herein were approximately 90-110 days in age from planting in full sun field plantings.
A typical inflorescence of ‘05-111’ displayed two to four clusters of three to six flowers per peduncle. Peduncles were green [2.5 G (green) Y (yellow) (5/8)], about 10-14 cm long, and about 4 mm in diameter. Individual flowers were about 4.5 cm long from the base of the calyx, and the corolla was 3.5 to 4 cm wide at the opening. The fused flower petals formed a pentagonal pattern with smooth edges. The inner throat of the corolla appeared purple [2.5 R (red) P (purple) (3/6)]. The inner and outer limbs of the corolla (corollas outermost area, distal from the calyx) were very light purple [2.5 R (red) P (purple) (7/6)]. The five sepals comprising the calyx were elliptic with a cordate apex and appeared to be green [2.5 G (green) Y (yellow) (5/2)]; three of these sepals were about 10 mm long and 4 mm wide. Two other sepals (interspersed) were about 7 mm long and 2 mm wide. Sepal margins were smooth. Stigmata were about 1.7 cm long and appeared to be purple [2.5 R (red) P (purple) (7/6)]. Four of the five stamens were inferior to stigmata. A slight fragrance was present.
To confirm that ‘05-111’ was a new variety, controlled tests (e.g., pathogen responses and yield) were conducted at Baton Rouge, La. ‘Beauregard’ was selected for comparison because of its importance in commercial United States orange flesh sweetpotato acreage. Diseases that commonly affect the growth of sweetpotatoes were selected to test for pathogen responses in both varieties. Scions of ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’ reacted similarly to most diseases evaluated in the controlled tests. ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’ were intermediate to resistant for Streptomyces soil rot caused by Streptomyces ipomoeae (Person & W. J. Martin) Waksman & Henrici. ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’ were resistant to Fusarium wilt or stem rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlect. f. sp. batatas (Wollenw.) Snyd. & Hans.
Nematode reproduction was measured in greenhouse tests. ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’ were susceptible to southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White 1919) Chitwood 1949. ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’ were resistant to Rhizopus soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer (Elm ex. Fr.) Lind. ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’ were susceptible to bacterial root rot caused by Dickeya dadantii Samson et al. as measured by postharvest inoculation of storage roots.
‘05-111’ did not appear to show any novel insect resistance.
To determine yield production, complete-block trials using four replications of ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’ each were conducted in 2008 and 2009 in areas of Louisiana, Miss., and Alabama likely to produce ‘05-111’. ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’ sweetpotato plants were transplanted in randomized complete-block trials at 31 cm spacings. Each block/plot was fertilized with approximately 250 pounds per acre of a mixed fertilizer comprising 13% N, 13% P2O5, and 13% K2O. ‘05-111’ was compared to ‘Beauregard’ at transplanting dates beginning in May-July. Average yields were measured for the following grades of roots: U.S. #1 (51-89 mm in diameter, 76-229 mm long); Canner (25-51 mm in diameter, 51-178 mm long); and Jumbo (larger than U.S. #1 in diameter, length or both, and without objectionable defects). A typical marketable root of ‘05-111’ was 180-190 mm long, 60-70 mm in diameter, with mostly round-elliptic in shapes. The base or distal end tended to be more elongated in comparison to slightly rounder apex (proximal end). U.S. #1 roots typically weighed 150-190 g.
A mid-season transplanting date trial was conducted at Grand Prairie, La. in 2009. ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’ were transplanted on May 27, 2009, and harvested on Sep. 30, 2009 (126 days after planting). Average yields, measured as Metric Tons per Hectare (MT·ha−1), are shown in Table 2.
†Average yields in MT · ha−1 of varieties followed by a common letter do not differ significantly (P < 0.05) according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test.
An early-season transplanting date trial was also conducted at Foley, Ala. on May 2, 2009, and harvested on Sep. 21, 2009 (123 days after planting). Average yields (MT·ha−1) by grade of ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’ are shown in Table 3.
†Average yields in MT · ha−1 of varieties followed by a common letter do not differ significantly (P < 0.05) according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test.
A mid-season transplanting date trial was also conducted at Vardaman, Miss. on Jun. 3, 2009, and harvested on Oct. 1, 2009 (120 days after planting). Average yields (MT·ha−1) by grade of ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’ are shown in Table 4.
†Average yields in MT · ha−1 of varieties followed by a common letter do not differ significantly (P < 0.05) according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test.
A late-season transplanting date trial was also conducted at Grand Prairie, La. on Jul. 2 , 2008, and harvested on Nov. 11, 2008 (132 days after planting). Average yields (MT·ha−1) by grade of ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’ are shown in Table 5.
†Average yields in MT · ha−1 of varieties followed by a common letter do not differ significantly (P < 0.05) according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test.
A mid-season transplanting date trial was also conducted at Wisner, La. on May 27, 2009, and harvested on Nov. 5, 2009 (162 days after planting). Average yields (MT·ha−1) by grade of ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’ are shown in Table 6.
†Average yields in MT · ha−1 of varieties followed by a common letter do not differ significantly (P < 0.05) according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test.
As shown in Tables 2-6, ‘05-111’ produced yields comparable to, and exceeding ‘Beauregard’ in regional trials at various planting dates. Yield in comparison to ‘Beauregard’ in heavier silt loam soils (Tables 2, 5, and 6) were similar to outcomes in lighter, sandy loam soils (Tables 3 and 4). Replicated plots at other farms and on station have shown ‘05-111’ has consistent yields for early, middle, or late season plantings. Yield declines are within norms in poor environments. ‘05-111’ had harvestable roots approximately 115-120 days after planting, which is typical development time for sweetpotatoes and comparable to ‘Beauregard’. The yield of Jumbo grade is indicative of earliness and ‘05-111’ was similar to the jumbo yield of ‘Beauregard’ statistically; however, rank changed from plot to plot. Yield in 5 other plots (data not shown) in Louisiana in years 2007 and 2008 showed no significant difference in yield in comparison to the ‘Beauregard’ variety for the important U.S. #1 grade. Yield of ‘05-111’ for U.S. #1 grade was significantly higher in one plot in 2007 in comparison to ‘Beauregard’. In total, ‘05-111’ ranked higher in yield of U.S. #1 grade in 14 out of 19 farm plots in comparison to ‘Beauregard’ (years 2007-2010). ‘05-111’ was also trialed at Chase, La. in 2006. ‘05-111’ did not differ in yield in comparison to ‘Beauregard’ in an early planting; however, a late planting of ‘05-111’ was significantly higher in yield in comparison to ‘Beauregard’. Gross yield of U.S. #1 grade was highest when estimates were made from flood damaged fields (Tables 4 and 5), suggesting that ‘05-111’ has more tolerance to saturated soil conditions in comparison to ‘Beauregard’; however, additional data are needed to substantiate flooding tolerance. In total, this data reflects consistent high yield characteristics for ‘05-111’.
Sugar profiles for baked ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’ are shown in Table 7. For this 2009 test, roots were stored for five months after which they were baked at 190° C. for approximately 2.0 h. Sucrose and maltose content in baked ‘05-111’ was similar to that found in baked ‘Beauregard’. Total sugar content was also similar. Dry matter is similar for ‘05-111’ (20.8%) and ‘Beauregard’ (21.0%). These results demonstrate a similar level of sweetness and moistness for ‘05-111’ and ‘Beauregard’.
†Total sugars = fructose + glucose + maltose + sucrose.
‡mg · g−1 fresh weight basis.
‘05-111’ should be a valuable commercial sweetpotato variety. ‘05-111’ produced plants (sprouts) comparable to ‘Beauregard’. Days to harvest for ‘05-111’ were similar to ‘Beauregard’. ‘05-111’ exhibited similar sugar profiles in comparison to ‘Beauregard’. ‘05-111’ has exhibited superior yield in late plantings in comparison to ‘Beauregard’, when unfavorably wet conditions were present.
The development of this invention was partially funded by the Government through a grant for the United States Department of Agriculture, USDA NIFA Grant Number NA/LAB93957. The Government may have certain rights in this invention.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20130133118 P1 | May 2013 | US |
